New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924, October 31, 1915, Image 17

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New-York tribune. [volume], October 31, 1915, Image 17
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New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]), 31 Oct. 1915. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress. <https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1915-10-31/ed-1/seq-17/>

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EDITORIAL, DRAMA,
MUSIC.
IXtm
Hxibmt
SOCIETY, riNANCIAL REAL
ESTATE. AUTOMOBILES
l>ABT HI TWFT.VT PAO! S
SUNDAY, OCTOBER 81. 1915.
1'a.HI IT TWHAE' I*?OES
THE D A R D A N ii L LE S----D E F EAT OR DIS A S TE R ?
Political. Military and Bal
kan Aspects of the
Campaign at
the Straits.
Bv FRANK H. SIMONDS.
I ol " Hit- GftSStt Wml
.., laii Amebas foi the hla
(or|i,; pai HI odd th.it they have
th? atril ?T.r reaeratten. i
tish advent ' r Dat
equally great
.- radition to racu
p .. .'Tip tl I
real i |.?? r, a1 |
g ! m . i i-.iipni?Tii
'be main fold of .?pcra
paraUeli the .**-yTacusan
1 too far, for while
?e. fait N'ieias.
? ..: hardly d
. ? - tno ? ? Kki
Bri
. .-? ?? the Bi iti h II It
:
nth toil .-'?
. 'ii.-.l ; !'i oin that
' . .moi. u? th?
_ i ? ....
. . Only tl
?
Imperil?! As,?e. I
? ral v. it ii a
th ?m army, Greal !?
ii iperial in
, had
?
eat to E|
esei tile i
... ? ,.,? the Egypt ?
ts ?
the Nil? i .'gypt,
sJsrayi
?
? ? |ei
I intei '.ni revolt.
?
.venue
? -:. s pari
al .?!? with the
I rupted and ?If
?ho who!?? tyanam of l:npiria:
- Iah sneceai I .
. v
?rail" prestige, which i .
?sorri'. d l>e lost.
V ? ? nallee, a tl
- KM*
? he battle
? ?
to i: . ? of orttei
pea-. ? rim. If ii
? ?' strife ware
kaasfe plain. In addi
tioi?, .. rtui ity would come to the
?Wit ?' f th? IV'Mh!? Gulf tO
l*f..-. those againat Maaopo
tsrnia. ? . land gateway to India.
Pia-. ?? ? British had immediate
trofiU to tl emselvrs in trajU
arrint ' ations from the Sinai to
ms Gallipoli peninsula. Always, how?
??? 'ji;?li!ication that ?a
the Straita, would doatiuj
??heir pr?t ft ?, ?}.< N'ear K?st, but the
tl a Situ oparatlon.
I'.ler.inti.iiial Con.?deration..
Turr . -.. iiptemati'ina! nom-idei
'' ?at is i eceaeary t?rpt of all in th?
?l?r?*'-i ?fin?' -or t.reat Rntal;:
. e\ in,mediate evidence of
1 'i inora] and material support.
'-' bad made ?rock sacrifices in
? j tin* ?alllad et
?unis, ai I the reo 11 def?s?! at the Mazu
r?aUi':e eras a final evidence of R .-'-inn
itMat. What were her Allie- <loii,<
?Ml. R . ? . vas thus rafferilsg and la?
?Wag?
thaQeirnai'?. iiothinp. ?Hut
??mai?, object of B'linlSTI ambitions for
**hiries had been the pe.?s<?s?;on of Coi
?wfitinop'.. , and f(,r more than a century
tesi . obstacle had been Britain.
^oss the Continent after ?the Mazoriu
nofl and Sir Kdv.ard Crey
?*h?rg( ? words which meant DOthing
*?**?* tl.?-. . ml thai Britain at last
??????????i ? Rttatda the right to rit in
'**** in Pera and Calata am! restou- the
f?*y** to ?Sai ta Sophia. Word?, ?uch words,
/***? Ihs -i.iiliniiation of a?-ts; thus the
"?toof the Allied nations at the ?ea gate
* -Urn... i] brought oam ??i;tht^ia?m to
^????v, non d?votion.
'* ?hldition, in the immediate military
*' relieved the ?u-sian arrni?*>
m* Caucasus of the strain in'-ident ts
evoral Turkish arm*/
*t*'t the* opened the way to Boeriaa
>Sy> to Russian invasion of the t'ar
?***? had paved the way for the Sat
^trtumph ?.t Valiovo. Th m to her nec
J^y ?":?' British effort at the Parda
/7*t?v? en assurance that was required
' ** iid that was imitant ly effective
lyfatingly asefuL it was at ones ?
J**** for th. futur-- resdiastioo of the
PHM of Slav aspirations and a eon
^?tion to immadiaite Russian, need
I"' leo? welcome as a promise of
B????*> lack of which wa? soon to
^* tha gr?.??> mnnnsr r*?r*r?a!
Th? Italian Factor.
a0**, as in Petrograd, the Darda.
GALLIPOLI AND THE FAMOUS '?BOOT."
I he black line? shot? the two ?allied positiona. 1 he lower point is four miles broad, which supplies a scale ol distan? cs.
nellei oral meant to have an influence whit
it did ii. fact exert. Italian asplratio
too, turnt toward the Near East At tl
outset at the present war Italy finally ?1
cided to renounce her rivalry with ? run
III the Western Mediterranean and in tl
Old Roman province? ?if North Africa. '1
Gentian promisee r.f French African pro
inces Italy turned a deaf ear. But th
left, her hound to follow the coime ?
V? Ice, ince t-he had surrendem! that ?
K :-?. This path led straight to tl
a :..
Sine?: the success of the Dardanelles e:
pedition meant the downfall of Turk?
and the fall ol Turkey meant the part
tion uf Tutkish ?state, Italy could ?ml
| hope to realize her amnitions in the N'en
East by Incrimln? of right on? of tli
; heirs. To d?i this the had t<i enlist on '1,
Al ii'd >.*'.(*? l uilnre t?> enlist ratant th;
Russia, (?reat Britain and Frame arotj]
dhi'de the O-manli property, giving t
r*. the Italian uval, what they ?lid tu
desire themseh e.-, and thu.i fifiWng Greet
their sn!di(r in flu Near East.
Tripoli.
Finally, in taking Tripoli, Italy had at
? d Ntnmon intereati and comiii?
perils with tlie Allies, Tnrl.i-h suoetBa I
pi meant a prompt extension ?>f 'lurk
Lab n.'Mvity tu Lybia and the Cyienaici
Already the Turki.-h Holy War ha<l born
fruit m tire Tripolitan Datant, if n-iwlier
ehe, and the Senu.^i were a.-tir.
More than all else, Uten, it. was the Dar
'danelle* expedition that persua<led Ital;
I to east her lot with the Allies. She he
jlieved. wrongly M it .-eem.-, that Turkisl
eollBBta, would be sudden and prompt, tha
the d?gringolade <>f Lui? Burgas and thi
1 irai Balkan War would be repeated
Failing tnick rewards from Austria fa
(u'tiniieo neutrality, Italy mad? up bei
mind t-. take King l.eorge's dulling, a.
Si.idima had taken briti:h service in tht
Crimean War. And the Austrian prie.
was lacking.
Here. then, is a third solid gain; fir?t
Egypt was temporarily at least Mttaj
ir?mi all Turkish menace; r-eeond. Ru-siat
conlidenee and h?yalty wero apsured ; third
Italy ?rai cnlrtid; s-> much (lie Da-.i.i
nclle? ojM'iatii'ii accomplice?! in th' '-p. n
B?ltt?lll Politic?.
Tht '.' staf m tli.' Allied ij i pTr.ru.it t'
??ampuign, whieh was hased mi flu- MVal
and military operations. *W$t to nlufl the
^alksn state.?. Gieecc seemed certain to
[be had tt the tirpt moment. But promptly
(?reeee n.-ked tha* her own Integl
Ruaranteod by her prospective allies.
This meant that the Allie:? should publicly
??i-elare tlint Bulgaria could never hop?
to retrain l'avala or Drama. Such a dec?
imation would infallibly throw tho Bul
gSU1 into Ihe arms of the Kaiser, and it
WM the Bulgar who held the land trate to
Constantinople.
In aiaiiitioi.. Greece insisted that Bul
garia should Ml receive from Serbin the
IptmIs west of the Vf.rdar. whi-h ihe
ed. Scibia. too, lighting bravelj aj
Austria and typhus, proteste?! th;.? she
should be permitted t<. hold what h?*r sol
t?ers had won in two wars and wer?- de?
fending gallantlj ii a third.
C?vala.
But the Allies. ?i?-t??i-mim-d to enlist Bill?
gain., aahed Greece to surrend? i
againal the promise of Smyrna.
;.ia tu gfve ovef ball of MgaCtrionia, -??
Bosnian fatoraa, ai well as to giv<
Dalmatian liopes to Italy. ?Serbia ron
sentod; Ven.u*4 ' rated
but Ci?i..-t7iiitir,e, loysd to the Kaiser and
perceiving national hostility tai the
render of Cat ?la. balked. Bulgaria, foi
her part, was eoldl) uncotnpromising; she
must have a!! 01 she would, fot the nin
mtnt. remain MU?
Athen.-, meant.nif was frani.'.y -
cious of Italy. Which held the Isl?n?! 0?
Rhodes ;.:,d a portil 11 of the ?aCgean s
pi'lag'i, whnse pe iple were lire.!.. It wai
'also Misjin-iPiiip-- of Indian dc.-itrn
N'orthern Epirue. .*.'.. . lb- ? v
! but market! oat n? T.??...I?.n h? | |
??i that "autonomous" Albaria which wa*
ihe playground for Austrian 1 I
ambition?.
Such war the situation in the Balhani
the politicaJ as < tad with the mili?
tai;.. The aim of tin- /Ulk was I
create the Balkan ?Co lion,
the Balkan alli?e, who had ? i vj .. - *
foujrht after their firat rietoiy, and throw
against Turkey and Aii-^na tht full
weight of these con>id? table armies if the
naval operations proved alone inaufl
to open the road to ?the Blad S?M and
make p??ssihle ?M trai rl->? si to Rui
sla of neede?! muntth?
Th?? Tun. of the Wheel.
I rum th? in *eptio i of th? p
f?>to. it 44;i . while Rus tia i
I LsHed, Italj ei listed I ) men .
liininary operation?, the tant?!?' in th. B i
| kan? was euch that only one thing
[navre the enlisting of Greece atid Bul?
garia? This was ?ucees:*. Unfortunately,
- aras certain immediately only if
Greece or Bulgaria came in, perhaps anlj
if both enlisted. With the possessor of
Byzantium Bulgaria would have to mak?
(?reek sympathies, apart from the
i !jv. n. were witli the Allies, hut the Crown
could postpone Greek participation.
There was then plain the peril of th?
tiling. If the Allied fleets failed, then
Allied diplomacy would fail with them.
There was not the t-nia?c.-' real 'han.'?
?o i'<i,mile the rival Balkan -.t?te-: each
b??! upon all of his claim1? at the ex
of all his neighbors. The influence
of the courts of Athens and Sofia was
against tli?- Allies. In victory aJoM trat
chattel of ? toltTtion of the problem
of the Near Fast.
And the turn of the wheel arant against
he Allies. First, the fleet tried and failed.
I' ? the belief of rnoat military and i aval
expert, that Ukt faillit?- trai due to the
Bttempting of the iatpoaaible. That*
ports hold that a fleet without an army
eannol do what was asked of the Anglo?
! >?? but American naval and
? iv onVera insist that a littlr store
tee and the Strait.- would ha\e
won. In thil some British writers
As for Berlin, it insists that the
? ltiunltion was gone when th*
rjp, ?r d only retreat by
? i td b\ ?annum.
I i | event the fleet tried and failed.
i"'--'r-.M's w-re sunk by the
Turks; the wbOaB venture wae abandoned;
?M t!f''* artjnt lack to Mudros te await
kg uf lar.d force? and, ?s H turned
of German submarines. The
: what wa g, went
? rfc to fortify GsllipoH pen?
trmi?
raady. Did the '?? ? m tl
poet t Greek arm] to aid their
' Mai y I Wa? tl
I r squeal This,
? ' Statt. circuiiK-'a'
? In the occasion, but they do not
chai g?.- the offe ?*. of th.* disaster.
In Athens snd Sofia.
VI ht!.? th.- Allie? were prep.-i'.-... I ??
?|e whole face of th? war in Fu
? hanged. In th?- we ? the di-,.-'??
': h at Ypi iaatBjOBBTt?rated tha?
? '. i Ulied "-;ii????" for th?
g. Hard "il Util ?ai ,*? UM
g BtJ ?an retreat that wa- to
? the '? ank- of the l>ui.ajec to th*
Beresinn and from the outskirts of I ra
jOtl to those of Riga, The effect in the
Dnlkane could not be extsggerated. (
A foo? deal of rubbish, first and la.
haia been printed in tiii*-' country abo
tin* ia?l; of moral perception in the Bu
kan . Hut why should the states who
people have for decade? lasen compelled
suffer untold agonie.- in consequence -
the jealousies of the vjreat powers, W.
were consigned to tender Turkish mercii
for generations because Great Britain ar
RUaWia and Austria wi-re at Ctdds aboi
t'on-tantinople, cast asid?? all BOlf-inte
est. and ri.-k existence because the Alii?
believed themselves fighting for the r?t*l
o'i this occasion? Why should the Hu
pars forget Briti-h responsibility for th
abrogatton of Ute Treaty of San Stefan
1? r eJOUnple, or the Greeks overlook th
lu;.g ni (/htm are of ?rete or th?- recent ii
jury in Northern Epine?
In Athen? and Sofia.
What HcMially happened wa that in th
spring Athen- and Sofia concluded tha
German victory was far from impoatibk
?an reyeises would not. however, ??(
fed Stion if a successful Allie
peditien should force th?-* Da?rdanelle
by occupying the Gallipoli Peninsula. Stil
neutral and still ready to enlist on th
B I ide, the Balkan? wafted Mu
Gallipoli land campaign prompt!;
???! into a ?seeond failure, h ? rtd ?
immediate victory, there was al beat ?
llock, a twnplete check. AU summei
long, whii?- German gun? made i.--w echoei
s v. egeaw an I Br? rt 1 ito. ih am
.y Vilna. while we-.t?rn .Mlied armi?*.
-ii.-l: t.. then tre; <"ht -. the Turks held on
Now. the Greek arid ?M Bulgars havt
m recent y ai - defeated 'he Turks
?iprcheiixible thing to them
that | tain and France
I fail where ,l i.. | seeded
Leas than tl .. pstrati Bulgai
ai d I ? ' Allied fa
?? 0 manli. Thus the sHlWtion
in the Blind of the Bulgare tunv-d stead
irj in favoi of the Teutons. Ferdinaml
tkoped, hut many of his ad'.isern now be?
lie? ed. that the A u ?tro Gern at? were to
win.
In Athen? the sympathy of the wheel
i with the Allie i. VeniaekN
hakei m hi eonnd? Jtimate
Allied by the loi |
?????? nn ?he King ? ot only
. b il t-toHi ? sd, l "?lie?.cd onhesitatingly,
? I.. rinai \ wooM w ha,
Bulgaria ?Mobilia??.
In this fcituation Germany suddetily r?f
[fered to Bulgaria all that she hoped for?
Macedonia, C?vala Bnd Drama, whi? I
were (?reek, but lor which Greece was I
be paid by Albanian gains; she persuade.
Turkey to resign a part of Thrace am
promiswl moro; she promised Mackenset
and a victorious German army to cut th
road through Serbia to Sofia; she dangle?
'nofore Ferdinand the lure of Constantin"
pie, before Bulgaria *he hegemony of tin
Balkans. Ferdinend took tho bait, Bui
garfa mobilised and the end wa:- in sigh*
V??nis?los Full.
Again Venizelos strovti to enlist Greect
on the Allied side. Again there s?teme
Um certainty, as in th* days when th?
fleet went to the Dardanelles, that a Oreer
army would fight for the Allies at th<
crucial moment. But again Constantin?
intervened. Greece having rnobiii/.ed, h?
ou ted Venizelos. Greece would mnair
neutral. Relying on the promises of hu
brother-in-law, the Kaiser, the (ireek Kin>
fall hack upon the old policy.
Had the AID? - yeaa - i i ia>rge urrrt
to -end at once to Sal?nica, etstsd th<
Greeki have boon able to reel thai the
would bata been protected again.? dangei
and only reojuirtd lo attach their ;?
enemy. Bulgaria, Cos tantint might r
failed. But no such airnv was available
What was Bated of GratOs ITI
what had been asked of Belgium, what
was now asked of Serhia, to hold mi
until distant armies could come.
Greece, to bi .-uro, wa bound to Serbia
by treaty to help her against B'ilgaria;
so was Rumania; but here was the ner- i
? |p the Ser", not against Bllg
but ;--^ai!.. t Bulgaria trith <.'-r:nany. Vi
tr:a and Turkey thrown in. Yenizelo?
b'.lieved that it was the wi?er policy to
keep tho faith, but the Allies had no
armlet to give his policy force. Creek
sympathy did not go to the length of de?
throning a king v.ho-e caotioa might ari
from Teutoni'- sympathy, but was lolidly
founded on .patent national intt
Thus it was that Allied diplomacy in
the Balkans having been shipwrecked in
c-'t,-??ciiieiii-e of Allied defeat in the field,
Bulgaria tnlitted and Gre- ??
netitrsl.
Militai y and Na?r?l.
I| now remains to summarize :
i tory of the military and nattd
operations. The naval attack began la
1 ebruary and tanniaatad after the siuk
ing of the BoUttji, Ocaaa and Irreeiatibh',
Ian March 1H. It was not until April H
the first troops of the expeditionary army
j began to land on the Gallipoli Peninsula.
Ihe Battle tor Achi Raba,
Sari Bahr ami
the Turkish
Forts.
f Copyright. 1915.
By The* New York Trfbune. )
I'M* pr'-mi-n?-?*-;.- Is perhap-- ttttS mfle?
long, tratarjding i the Furo
pean miiir.ia-i'l. with tho DantoiwUi
;Mi a.'i-l th' t? .' " O? -*uro'
71 the north. In bis Mr Is
Hamilton compared it to a ? t-out.
... iHi
t-"th the n.un : f the ?batUefk
; nd tho i ? the wnfflf. Itoi
Thus the ? b-rot is the m-ster.
end of tho peninsula, the extrem? point of
h Is Cap?' Hella? and the notable feat
uro is the town of Si-dtil Bahr, the sita?
of the Turkish ft "ts c ':r.:>iar?dlr?g the er.
trance to the f-trai*'? nnd the ?-r*i.e of th?
.'. rd lighting.
Fastward from BadaH Bahr, along Ike
sole of the boot to the heel, is slightly les
than ten miles, and exactly at the. h?*e. I?
tho narrow point In tho Dardanelles com
manded by a cluster of Turkish forts on
the Gallipoli Peninsula and fnceH by
others on the Asiatic shore.
At Suvla Biv.
On the north shore of the peninsula?
at the ankle, is a curving bay beginning
. I the hill of GSsba Tepe a:, i ending a*
Suvla Bay a s'retch of three or four
?'ill'*.?, dominated by the ring?* of .Sari
Bahr, some 900 feet over the ?Juif of
Saros. From Cape Hellas to Suvla Bay i?
porhaps twelve miles. At (.aha Tepe, th**
ankle, th? Gallipoli Peninsula I? about five
miles wide; at the toe, Isr-twe^n S?'?lul Hnhr
and Cape Helias, lesa than t*.vo.
The objective of the Allied fore???, wa?
tho duster of forts just under the he?-!.
above tin? village of Killd Bahr. Te reach
this two ways were open. Troops could b.?
landed along tho shore of the ankle from
Gaba Tepe to Suvla Bay. They could also
be landed at the too from ?ape Hellas to
Sedul Bahr, and Just under the toa at
IfostO Bay the best landing place of all,
but under fire from Turkish batteries on
the Aitiattc shore near the site of Tr<
t of Cape Hellas as far aj? (?aba Tepe
the character of the coast was such un
?to make landing operations diftivult, at 1
?an effort her? entied in re!ati\e failure.
The first problem of Sir Ian Hamilton ?
Was to get his troops ashore, and he vun
? hliired to make -a general attempt?that*.
i . to fling his forces at every available
landing place at once?In order to avoid th?
destruction of each separate landing parly
by the Turks, who could easily conc?ntrate? ?
? ? . ? ' numltere at any threatened
lot The landing cos? 10.000 Briti?h
caaualth ? that is, a number ei'ual to the
wholo of th?i 'first American expedition
to Santiago In ;
The First Chealt,
The landing was made mainly at the tne
from Cape Hellas to Sedul Bahr. Mean
time the French landed on the Asiatic aide,
near tho site of Troy, and for the moment
so engage?l the Asiatic, batteries tha'
Movto Hay was occupierl. At the -ame
lime r.'.ier parties were put a?hoie a'
tin- ankle, above (?aba Tepe, and Muw H
Ml the instep, east of <apo Ileila a
Ca?.a Tepe. Rut these two landing put
ties were instantly .-heeked nnd until th?
hist few <iays could make no progre-?
whatever.
Once the main force was ashore it
moved up the toe of th? boot, ?tret.-hh bj
a line straight across the peninsula. But
?ifter having progressed for some thre?
rnlles it reached the first strung defensi?.?
position, that of Achi Baba. Here a line
of hills stretches straight across the penin
? sill?, rising abruptly from the Gulf of
I Saros to BB elevation of 400 feat and from
the Straitt to MM) f??et. Midway ;.
the penintula and just east of the viUhj*.?
of Krithia It th? dominating hill of \.lu
Biaba, 19a "???' high. Against thi-? positioi
the Allied for?ai moved on the first dav
after they lar..led, but they were halted
there, and lave bean pnable to Baejp Bl
substantial Bf sasj
Second and Third Iriea.
Meant in? a -e< ond force lamb"! BOOT!
Gaba Top? ?rat designed to naov? louth
rrosi the instep, thus arriving in th. ? .
of the Achi Buba position and compelling
the Tasks to retire from it. But this force
wa- no less promp'ly checked along the
face of the Sari Bahr hill.
The third and last attack was made
north of Sari Bahr, the landing takinic
?dace m the broad roadstead bet
-?via Cape and the .??award slopes of San
The Object treu, to seize the rulgc
of hill- ?? .tending from Sari Bahr no-th
la tward t.? tho Gulf of Saros, marked on
the map rianafart and knoarn in the te
ports by the name of Anafarta. to ge*
hold of Sari Bahr and flow ever the
who!? range down upon the roadway a'
tho foot, which is the only landward line
tif communications of th Turk? on th?
;
llora than 100,000 men treta use?! m
momenta! ily suece.?.?
ful; Bari Bahr, the key o\ the peninsula.
.raptad, but the Turk? rct.>ok it.S'.-i
Bved to hold a petition of ?he ert l ?
I of the Anafarta range. This operation
Ciaaltatasd <st> aasss .i sasat ?

New-York tribune. [volume], October 31, 1915, Image 17
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New-York tribune. [volume], October 31, 1915, Image 17 About New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924

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New-York tribune. [volume], October 31, 1915, Image 17
About New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924