New-York tribune. [volume], December 18, 1915, Page 10, Image 10

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?VIEWS ^AND COMMENT
LITERARY CRITICISM
AND BOOK NEWS
Lillian D. Wald's Story of Her Lifework?
Arthur Balfour's "Theism and Human?
ism"- An Englishman's "J'Accuse."
SOCIAL SKRVICE.
Tin: Bntrss 0!t ?FMiv yrr.y.r.T p.? !___?
11 Wald. * elrti ni? *i"l
?ntat__i *? a ? i
g.-*t>i.? ??<?. r*t ?i.. Il Rem I ?? - Co
To praise M H tVsM'l !;f?\vork were
almost an |ss| ???rtinencc*. The nation
can only thank h'r ami hon ir lier
for it, as it thank* and honors Jane
Addams, with whose name her own wttl
always be linked in Ufes hi-tory of th? .
birth and growth and direction of that
tent? of collective rfvponsibility, of
the social eotlScktBC?, which dvring the
last quarter of a century has achieved
ao much toward the preservation of
American standards of living, and
which ha? kept alive and ?pread under
most unprop-.tioiis conditions the cher?
ishing ?.f American ideals.
Hut w? can f*:ve Miss Wald's chron?
icle of her worn, of its inception and
purposeful development in many direc?
tions, the praise which it deserves 1'?
appeal is personal. It hold? the reader
Individually, as a human being, before
it grips him as a member of the vast
civic body. Kir it is Mi?8 Wald's
effective method here to present
throughout the individual case or cases
which led to the generalizations and
the amelioration wheat value has re?
ceived such really and far recognition.
Il the Snrlisst pages of the book
there is a sentence which Illuminates
the significance of the service rendered
by what has generally become known
as settl -ment work, under the leader?
ship of such exceptional minds and
hearts as Mist Wald's and Jano Ad
damt's. Other? there are to whom
belongs part of the credit, nnd to whom
it has been given Miss Wald's eollab
orator. Mary M Brewster, and the late
Jacob A. Rils among them. Says the
author, speaking of her first introduc
A story to be
read slowly and with in?
telligence. So read, it will
reward the "gentle reader" with
more genuine, lasting pleasure
than the average "fiction de-ourer"
can pottiblj get out of the quick
thrill? from "bett tellers."
CAicago Examiner
Lorge linn, r.'ofh. $140 net, at all atores
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popular intl.(Terence it almost seemed
contempt for the livirg conditions of
a huge population. And the possibility
of iatproTOBtem ?eomed. when my in?
experience arm itartled into thought,
the more remote, because of the dumb
?eeeptaaee of these conditions by the
Eaat Side itself."
There, indeed, lay the dooble 'langer
to America 'in the one hant!, |
contempt of and Indifference toward
the K'jropean slums which were devel?
oping in our lirga eitiea; on the othei,
rtic aequieaeenee lv the newoom
er? in conditions ur.fortunately all too
famil.ar to them in the eoantl I
?whence th<y hat! come. Ne donbt the-.
had started upon ?He grent adventure
with high hopes, with thining experta
tions, but they were ready to relin
quish them; they had been too good to
be true. In an unfamiliar environment,
literally in a new world, these peep!?
lost even that little courage to suffer
life which familiarity with misery o'
an unchanging stability had given
them. None knows how far they would
have sunk. ho?v deleterloiM would ha\e
been their reaction '?rion our national
life, had not these bands of philan?
thropic, Iv.-.t above all patriotic, women
and men for, certainly, the women i
have led ?taken the muddle in hand, i
progressed from private endeavor to [
official action, and thus Initiated that
preoccupation with the problem of im- !
migration which, developing slowly, It !
LILLIAN I). WALD.
la true, may be relied upon to regulat?
one of our greatest concerns a ques
lion unprecedented In the history of
the nations.
As one proceeds through Miss Wald's
pages ho is ever more impressed by ;
her powers of organization, her Un- '
erring eye for the remedy to be ap?
plied, for the prophylactic that may
make cures unnecessary. Most of all
has she worked for the rising genera- i
tion, from the regulation of midwr.-es
and the battle against OT'hthalmin
nconntorvm to child labor and the
preparation of youth for independent
life. There are the "coming-out" pur
ties at the Henry Street House:
We interpret the "coming-out"
party as a glorification of youth.
W hen the members el the young wom?
en's clubt reach the age of eigh?
teen the annual ball of the settle?
ment, its most popular social func?
tion, is made the occasion of their
formal introduction and promotion
to the senior group. As Head Resi?
dent I am then- boateat, and in giv?
ing the invitations 1 make much
of the fact that they have reached
yean? womanhood, with the added
privileges, dignity and reaponaibil*
ity that It bring?. Intimate and
long tuatained association, not onl**
with the individual, but with the
. til
that would never open np ii l
acquaintance were casual or
settlement formally institutional
Always the personal human relation?
ship in the service of collective better?
ment The book begin.? with the helnles.,
hopeless submersion of the immigrant*
0 decades ago; it ends witn their
children on the threshu.al of life. On"
a diiTerent ?taoaphoro, which
comes infinitely nearer to American
.rds. The fruit of twenty year?
of labor and service is thus placed be
fore us with convincing aimpl
Miaa Wald doe? not blink the fa.
the?.- are still too vivid in our con
sciousness since the appalling ex
v co and crime of a few
?.ears ago. Put we are on the right
road; the pioneers have discovered it
anil mapped it almost to the goal.
What is needed is heartiest support
of their labor and of that of those who
will succeed them. That labor and
that support are part of the mainten?
ance antl the upbuilding of American?
ism.
It is worth while mentioning tha'
the illustrator of the bonk is one of
'he gmdaatea af Miaa Wald'i House on
Horry ?
An Ideal Christmas Present from Son lo Mother
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thoul'i r<
?tea lo?-' Herold "(it Infinit* Undernraa and feeling
? Price $1.00 net At any bookstore.
E. P. DUTTON & CO., 681 Fifth Avenue, New York
mW * '?"*? ??"?"? ???
THI SYN .G0G17E.
(rn_* ' Th? Hou?* on Hr.? Sir**?.'* ft-Mr. h? Ahrthan rhl?lj? Hop? Hilt * O)
BALFOUR'S PHILOSOPHY
The British Statesman's Dec?
laration of Belief.
THEISM ANP Ht-fAKT-H Keltm tha OH
ford Lectures ilelivere. at the rniv*r?lty
' ?- 1114 Hv til- IC ll'.n Arthur
Jame? Halfour. M AK 1( B . Lia D .
D C I. ??<-'. pp IV, i", I'.aValK? H.
Doran Company
Mr. Ralfour reminds u? of one of
Tennyson's "Experiments," in which
the Laureate described himself as com?
ing to the test with a poem composed
in a metre of Catullus,
All In qtiantlty. e?r?f'jl of my motion,
l.ik? the skater ?m loe that hardly t??r?
bim,
T.est I full utifwuraa hefor? th? M
Waking laoftaur In in<iai>nt revtewera
The statesman-philosopher or shall we
say philosopher-statesman? has r.o
fear of falling; but he comports him?
self with the same minute ana, . t
qniaita earefuln? ss that the poet sug
geated. Hi? nintbleneaa of thought, hi?
tiex'ority of logic, his artlessly artfu".
I < tual balanee are so perfect that
there is sometimes danger that the
reader will engage himself more with
admiration of the manner than with
leriout consideration of the matter of
the discourse. It is a pity to do this,
however, for engaging a? Mr. I.alfour's
mav be. the subject matter of
his lectures is much more valuahY , t i
the discriminating reader. It.
with him as much as some may, it is
imponible to deny to him the posees?
^.n:? and the use of rare scholarship,
0? singularly nersuasive power- i
ei ing, iitit' of an unsurpassed fairness
and catholicity. Indeed, we are inclined
: .1 aeconnt the last named quality, car?
i?t d too often to an extreme degree, as
hi.? most serious weakness. In h.s con?
suming passion for fairness to all
schools of thtiught and to all beliefs
concerning th? subject in hand, he re?
garda '?hat subject from so many points
of view, and with so many concessions
and qualifications, that there is danger
of our losing sight of the proposition
which he is seeking to establish and
of the point of view which he himself
prefers to occupv
With all the dialed e i ' He? of
which he it a past master, however,
Mr. Balfour chensnes definite t' I i ? -
,-a- ?i ut t.me?. we might tay at all
to those who c:?n successfully
follow the intricate mar.e? of his ar?
gumenta he sett thorn forth with ad-,
mirable simplicity and direr
-IV | . | . . ?.,...,.,
discourses he differentiates between
the two eonceptiom >?; Deity; ihe
metaphysical, which rmphatixet Hit
1 all-inclusive utaity; and the religious,
which emphsaisea lis ethical person?
ality. Some hohl the two conceptions
to he compatible, some to be incom?
patible, while some of the foremost
philosophers have ignored the differ
er ce between them. Mr. Halfour de?
clares that he hag never, to hi.* own
satisfaction, succeeded in uniting the
two; and then makes it plain that if
he must discuss the one or the ether,
it wY.i be the roligio i- tt r. ? ;??
Perfectly positive, too, is hi? ?lign
! mint 'if himself with the spiritual con?
cept?a: ?if (,,.,j, as again?' the purely
i materialittic theory of the universo.
"We r.f,A know too much ?boot mat?
ter y? be matertaliati.?? v,-rv
. a,; ?v. , . i
is that it creates nothing pew. Change
is never more than a redistribution of
that which never changes." With this, of
matenaitata ?.. the Haeekei an.
' Miper-HaerkiY IchOol will BOt
. Hut at least there can be no doubt
'as to where Mr. Balfonr stands; nor
a- to the daftness um! dexterity with
which he defends his position. The
emotional raluet which art? associated
, with and required by our beliefs about
beauty and virtue, be eontenda, must
bave i ami mora congruous
of physical energy. Hamlet and the
pressed or explained in chemical for?
mulas or by the laws of natut?. ??
? . . .a. O 1 ill
himi pain
hind the i
very existence and the workings of
1 tneir . . "
Th. ro are grave difficulties in the way
of attaining convincing conclus, ons
through experience and observation of
the external world thiat external world
in wh.ch all men boiler* but concern?
ing the character of which they pro
v dirier. And if they thus ti.'frr
in their interpretation of the material
things al't, it '.Min, which are percepti?
ble t?, th? ??uses, much
may we espect them I for ii their
concept.on of the invisible forces which
?re r Tot all
these difficulties can never modify ?>'J:
, attitude ton i practical ??
?or scientific theory. "He,. Y which
were inevitable before,** tara Mr. Bal
I four, "remain inevitsble itflL The ?u
tinetiva faith in*
in the perception of external objects
stands quite unshaken." Nur doei ho
.. trom ?h ? ha,-.cal and inevitable
tequel to and culmination of th
of argument. The entrai prup
of it ail. which he unhesitatitigl? main?
*, ? i that there ?r. Inevitabli be?
lief? ami Ina.inctira f-lth which may
. -.. ?.?t ble of material demon?
stration, but which are Impregnable
a? The "Cogite
sum" of lo?:?carte? may be sniffed at by
up te era, but Mr H.il
four will not admit 'he poeeib
' ? I out. ' But he pitfer?
the stalwart Johnsonian version, which.
as he says, we cannot give up: "Sir. 1
that I am, and there's an end
of it!"
Mors than mes sr twice, but never
incongruously, that exquisite sense o(
humor which hn? always been one of
Mr. ? . bants is disclosed in
?hi? COO) ' ? I these abstruse rmtaphysi
cal ?i i h< spsenlatsi
upon what wonld have happened, and
elaborately imagines whst it would
been if ths conservation of en
i ivy two generations ago had been a
;heol rma instead of a scien
Sosse materialist or rather
ipheri would have con?
demned it sa having arisen from some
al deductions from the
WS) in which llorl was supposed to
have created ths world, und as being
based no! upon proved facts, but upon
theological ? "If sound reason
and ; integrity require us to
follow the lead of oh ?er\ at ion and ex?
periment, with no antecedent prefer?
ence for one class of conclusions rather
than nnother, then r.u doabt Joule and
a long line o? di tinguiahed predeces
sors wer., ths spoiled children of fort?
?n e. They mads their discoveries in
advance of their evidence and in spite
of their methods? If they turned out
to be right, what can w>* do but enti
elss their credulity, and wonder at their
luck, unless, indeed, their luck be a
firm of inspiration?" And again, re?
ferring to the theory which la the
hands chiefly of Boyle at the end of the
seventeenth century initiated modern
chemistry, Mr. Ilalfour incidentally ob?
serves that a company promoter who
i ??sue a prospectai based <-n no
better evidence than Doyle could ad
rsnes for this tremendous th?ory would
nly be m peril of the law! Yet
Boris was right, and his conjecture re?
main? the cornerstone of modern chem?
ical re-? arch.
The moral is obvions. If material
science thus bases its most imposing
structure.? upon conjecture and hypotn
esis it certainly must moderate the
furor w-.th which it assails and con
demas religion for '.*? ? -tenu
upon what Mr. Balfour fi..r.tously calls
instinctive laith and inevitable beliefs.
i bsrs eoald bs at stronger pl< . I
mutual toll eeen science and
? mna
tion of bigoted dogmatism on either
side. Th*- . Dgiani who have
lookexl askant npon ?..?? SUthor of the
"Defence of Philosophic Doubt" and
the Tonn Belief** as an
itlc and atheist will il i well to
mark, read and inwari ' these
fascinating lectures; from wh ch they
will Ii ai a that, far a tot 11
mo?sd fiom convi odoxy,
Mr. Balfour is be we ntil eais of
agnostic an.l athsi if Mr. Halfour
legun h.s ? with doubt, and
with a defence of lo rs must
remember, did Descartes, against
whom scarcely ?ven the most orthodox
will rebel. And while the two philos?
ophers do not by any means always
agres, they reach ths same conclusion,
though thsir final approaches to it are
mads from exactly opposite sides.
"Desca? rest ths belief in science
on the belief in liod. I," says Mr
i ir, "rest the belief ;:; Qod on the
? in science " Even the ultra
orthodox might well regard that stti
with much complacency, seeing
that it compels science to reeogniss
that h s God rests apon what
It asteen to be the most secure of
all foundations.
SECRET DIPLOMACY
An Anonymous British States?
man's Accusations.
HOW t'lri.uMATS MAI??: WAIt Ry ?
Slit,. ??? A h?r* J?jr K .
time .. i. ' .
This book is a curious addition to the
revelatory literature of the war. It is
WS tting companion to the
German "J'Accuse," published in Swit
:. prosei bed in the emp.re. vhicii
bat tuen rfa.l trith so mucn interest in
.. intry, Ue learn from Mr. !'ock?
introduction, about which more later
? ?
man is still in office, that, while disap
pros ni* of, and now exposing, the te?
eret diplomacy of his counir-, ' i Is
silently doing what he can to bring
what good can be brought out of . bad
matter. It appears al?o from this in?
troduction that an English edition of
the book is not even contemplated. I:
Is a foregone conclusion, however, that
it will be translated into (?erman with
enthusiasm, and that it will have a
atina among Kngland's en?
mus. The proper time for the pub!:
f this sort ii
the cris.s . after on ? ?
? y is oui seially
that COUntl ',.-..-.? I'.ritatn.
Whose liberal give the
? ?'? ?' ?OOPS to parliamentary inqu:rie.?
? ?
With this Hntish statesman's main
conte: Europe
had nut a word te ?av la the mr.king
of this war. however much of a get 1
sr ll ... bsrsms. none
will quarrel I!,. |_-| th?. L.u:;t entirely
uimti the shoulders of the diplomats |
of secret diplomacy in all the cap.tais
of Kurope. but ? It thi ioor of
It was ?he
vaunted "contin . reign policy,"
he holds, that Vf?? at the bottom of ,t I
all. That was the inheritance of ai
i Liberal Cabinet from a Tory one. as '
??M? -? n-hin?. but . MAN U "^^'"-""""""^^^^ ?.. _
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THE DEVIN-ADAIR CO., Publishers, 437 Fifth Ave., New York, U. S. A.
aM J^>iS#r?V_C
no-v it is the burden of a (oalitio:
Cabinet. In Parliament ?'? andei ec
retary for foreign affair? can alwayi
refuse to answer a question on the I
of that very secret y al tBS pi
of diplomacy whirl, our autl S
BOUncee, Hut he ??oes further He in
die Ue? his belief in the good faith oi
the German Krnperor and of Germai
Secret diplomacy. Whereupon, rnucn
bewildered, one turns tu "J'Accuse.'
?-?-.red of the contrary.
Sit Edward Grey, the au'hor tells us
found his hands bound by the secret u.
plossaey of his predecessor; h
mo cover, overreached in every direc?
tion bv French statesmanship M. Dei
cas-e ?s the bete noin ?I th I hook a
.?or of Machiaveili-i'alleyrand BBS),
wh:le still assurng 'he House that the
government war working for peace, n?.
I ready commuted to war. it fot
.is a matter of course th . the
BUthOI sees in the violation of Bt .' I
neutrality only the pretext nee.li .
the carrying out of engagements en?
tered upon long before. Not Serbia,
not Alsace-Lorraine, not the Gorman
military and naval prugrarnim?. but the
secret clauses of the Anglu-French
-h Morocco treat] ?ere th.- e.:u- ?
CUUtOM* of the court.et, accorilil .
bim.
ttaay pages are devoted tu a - ad]
of the many-co.ored official publica?
tions issued after the outbreak of the
war. "Not only are there to be found
in them innumerable alterations af
dates an '. Suppressions of facts, hu
tlito stupid errors which revenl pecul
lar links and cavities in the diplo?
matic memory." Suppressed and be
lated n.engages. Germany's fear of
Russia, at great as Kngland's in Lord
Genrville'? _??? nminnu? ?-?_.-.1
troubles brewing m ths Csar. K "spire
?itiil th** Dual Monatchy. the "arnamen'.
im." ably represented in Great Brit?
ain by "a Mr. Mulliner, once managing
director of the Coventry Ordnance
Company" all this and ever so much
more, including the proletariats of Ku
rope suddenly turned from sullen hos
?oward their governments to
blazing loyalty and warlike patriotism
this, too, and still more is added to
the confusicn and contradictions and
mysteries' of the origins of the tragedy.
Years ago. at a Washington dinner
tarty, a Heigian diplomatist was asked
.v his American neighbor to explain
tr h<*r *>hat diolomacy reil'.y was.
"Diplomacy, madam." came the readv
an?wer, "is the art of expia.ning t>
.then what ...a no bo? uuoerataad
yourself."
That is about the point reached by
the students of the diplomatie his
'"T ??? of tin- ?,,r pul.I.shed 'hus far.
No liot.ht the German "J'AcCUSo" "'id
'hi* British "How Diplomats Make
War" will be supplemented by a-cu
? of their own governments from
French, -Vustro-Hungar'an, Ru?* nil.
Serb an and Helgian patriots. They
BOOKS for Christmas
\ll the bonks ?d .11 the po?
lishers and thousands nut found
elsewhere, at
MALKANS
???.? *i nrU ? Urir.i n,-.__t,,-*
tt Broadway, OmW Vnrk
will make confusion still worse con?
founded. Let us hope that they will
keep their exposures back until after
peace is restored.
Then, indeed, will this British sta'es
man and the German liberal and all
these others be well worth listening to.
Their patriotism, their love of the
common people and its true interests
is genuine, though prematurely ex
I res Bed. This book is moderate in it.?
estimate of th.* blessings we may ex?
pect when cnce the tleoiio? gain rea'
Appeals as a
very great novel,
worthy to stand beside the
masterpieces of our perma?
nent literature, says the literary
editor of the Ch cago Evening Pott
George Bronton-Howard't
Imprettive New Novel
j?imXA^eestmmt
l.nrg, ?in,,, clnth. tl 4?, ?,,. ?, ?;? ,.or?
HIE B-OBBS ?MERRILL CO.. Publithert
control of their relations with es'1
other when secret diplomacy ihsfl
have been abolished. The au'hor doe?
not expect perpetual peace, but fe?'?"
< ..ni Inur.l aa pi|? I), rolumn I
Dtmtioinf.
3
lor (nmpletinti the
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