?m *? fHEN ; V
V\ the tragical character of the
f . ?njr nr
ople
, save democracy it i
thai it ?.
? }onc its own democracy at home.
War however rxhalted he its cause and
interruption of the
? umanity. And among
normal d i lh< American
last twet"\ years has
? am of 1? gislatioi
? of the living and work
?i in
-
I {U. . - unible, as in
uppy days," lo conduct a
Y- ni the condition ol
lines. In times whet,
? ind ] rosp r?t J ad"rn
we can afford to wast?-.
? i man being.?. \\ e
in ihe law coi
hurl women to work
,xor -, a da) . and at night. \V<
showing the edu
cational s es to children of labor
?I the Southern cotton mills. And, in
security. it is easj
'he cheap chai.' restaurants.
?nd call for more butter, untroubled by
the fact thai the waitress who brings it
repeat the operation for
upatient American citizens perhaps
?u-;. more that da} .
rhear dozens of prospi
i - men, in streetcars ever)
national re
ea without once reckoning in the
Wjductor who collects their fare. And
inch table men have specu
?i!?fl on the ] and
WAR LESSONS FOR PEACE
d? tails on the tablecloth
? rl) obli\ inns of the 'bus hoy w h<
removes the extra plat?-- and p!; tt
In ' peace, just as wi
plenty of monej
ncies for tickets in I he firsl row at
I he la I min ite, and for tables for th<
midnighl show al t he el? enth h<
can alien i to wast? Ih?
ends of humanity who are charged w itl
the odds and en?|s, :h ? sh I
shaves and express elevators of our
. |y lives. We have a large and leis
urely sympathy for them of course, b it
in time- c we can dispense wit h
the odds and ends, human and
wise, and muddle whatever we have,
because there are plenty of things tc
muddle with.
Once war is declared, national odda
and ends become of firsl rate impor?
tance, and because we ha\e dedicated
the national life to a single purpose we
have to learn to be less extravagant
with the individual lives which are to
protect it. Even without allying our?
selves with those who think war neces?
sary to keep the human race from sink?
ing into an eternal siesta, we can lind
in it an opportunity for accomplishing
more than merely "war measures.'*
We can learn thai national mobiliza?
tion, which can accomplish much in the
prosecution of a war, can be equally
serviceable in the less strenuous times
of peace. We will have to do much that
rely "war measures," and
l'.v IRWIN KDMAN
Il i ated during i he war.
and forgotten after it. But we will
learnt the principle that it is worl i
ng life, even when v ?? an ; ?' plan
? n*j to spend it in t h
? ' v .o-. Insti ad of loa\ ing labor to
hift for itself, if wc are to ;
i . in ?. of product ion of munition?, or
the thing- that feed and el?.the those
.?ho use them, we will have to face the
problem ol the satisfactory organiza
labor. \\ il h i he t rade unions
ontent ? d, e\ en t he most enthuf ias
tic army could accon plish very little in
the saving of democracy. Perhaps we
?hall learn from this that with labor
discontented democratic ideals will find
it hard to support themselves.
On this problem of conservation of
human resources great light is shed bj
observers who for two years watched
France and England blunder to national
mobilization. Mr. Arthur Bullard, in
'"Mobil?zing America," which the Mac
millan Company is to publish in a few
?lays, warns us of some of the blunders
that the Allies made. They began bj
thinking that the army was all they
needed to worry about. The;, learnt that
it was equally important to conserve
the health, the life and the loyalty of
the workers in the coal mine.- and muni?
tions factories. He saw France send
every available man to the front, and
after a year send hack experts whose ?r
replaceable skill was being wasted in
the trenches. He saw the blunders of
the English censorship that left the
public ignorant of, and consequently un?
interested |n, the war; and the blocking
"1 all kinds of absolutely necessary pro?
duction because there was no solution
of the demands of labor for fail wages,
and restriction of excessive war profits
on the part of capital.
Mr. Bullard lays down a programme
ol mobilization, of men. of industries
i <u\ of public opinion, with which, as he
?vams ;,i the preface, few will he ?n
ed entirely to agree. But the main
poinl which he drives home, with con?
vincing thoroughness, is that for the
prosecution of a war a democracy must
be organized and all its energies con?
served, that there must be a common
feeling established through an organ?
ized publicity ?ampaign, that the ob?
jects of the nation must he clearly and
definitely kept before the public eye,
and that, above all, the people who work
to feed and clothe the men in the army
must feel that they are getting a fair
v age. They must not be asked, as were
'he men at the English munition fac?
tories, "to do their hit for the men at
the front." while their employers are
reaping excessive war profits.
That the country must come to an
understanding with the men who pro
ide supplies for its army no one will
question. Bul in doing this we can ini
'iate a method and a purpose that will
persist after the immediate urgency of
war is over. !? may seem a little irrele
? ant now t?. derive from the necessities
of war a programme for peace. As Mr.
Bullard points out in "Mobilizing Amer?
ica." war measure- are nothing i
than war measures, but the spirit of na?
tional interest that is behind the ?tem?
porary exp?dients of wartime should
not end with a renewal of peace. If the
cause of democracy can be secured in
wartime by a governmental adjustment
<>!' labor disputes, will not the efficiency
of democracy be equally furthered in
limes of peac?' by a similar method? If
m wartime it becomes important to pro?
tect the health of the people b?-hind the
lines, we may learn to protect in times
of peace the health of the waitresses
who testified at Albany that they often
worked as long as fourteen hours a day.
Xow that war is declared, we are
developing what Mr. Bullard calls Mob?
ilization of Public Opinion. A good deal
of the space of our newspapers is beimr
devoted to the workings of the army
and navy and to the problems of na?
tional organization. The city is beinj?
plastered with recruiting posters, and
every avenue of publicity is being used
to bring the work of the government of
the United States before the people who
own it. Because there is a national duty
that has to be done immediately, there
is an immediate interest in how it is to
he done. We will have saved more thar
?he democracy of the world, if the wai
i.in bring this permanent interest if
its affairs before tho American people.
It v ill ha\e guaranteed the sur?'* 0?
.< race in our "" ? i ountr), and will
have taught us to count human life,
evi ry atom of human energy, that has
hitherto Iain m u neons idered extrava?
gance. as an aasel for peace M well as
for war.
Whatever he the merits of I niv?*rsal
.Military Service, it will certainly em?
phasize the nec?6ssity of economy in
human life. It will mean a registration
of the man power of the nation, a tabu?
lation of physical fitness, an organiza?
tion of men available in a national
emergency. This very tabulation w:!l
throw a flood of light on the relative
conditions of labor and sanitation in
various industries, and necessitate, as
?1 has in Germany, national attention to
i he industries that are found to injure
the health of the nation, and increased
regulation of the conditions in trades
naturally injurious to the workers in
them. And. having once realized each
individual life as ?> practical factor in
the life of the nation, we will be care?
ful that the women, who are workers
behind the lines in time of war, will be
equally safeguarded in the normal work
0? the nation. We will, perhaps, come
to think always of each worker as rilling
a vital point in the life of the nation;
we shall continue the keen-edged, im?
perative efficiency of war when we have
more fruitful things to do with our jeal?
ously conserved human power. We will
keep our universal army perhaps when
the ancient duties of armies have disap?
peared.
We shall keep it for improving the
democracy to preserve which Wf
have formed it. Thereby we mav ui
doe? in preparing for war be preparing
for peace. For a peace which we shall
know how tc use to advantage.
REVOLUTIONARY RESULTS OF THE BRITISH OCCUPATION OE BAGDAD
Drawn by ALBERT LEVERING ?
^ ?**.., r^^-r-r vK, Dau MYnFRARAD PARK EDITORIAL COUNCIL OF THE STAFF or Tui 13AGDAD PuNCH
SUNDAY MORNING ON ROTT-EN-ROH, HYDLKAtfAD hmkin