New-York tribune. [volume], July 15, 1917, Page 2, Image 36

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Great Britain Debates the Bombing of
German Towns
Sentiment in England Regarding Air Re?
prisals Is Rapidly (Changing; Still There
Is Argument For and Against
REPRISALS are now the pro]
subject of conversation in Lend
where some are for tweaki
their German cousin's nose for being
boorish toward London civilians. Ma
are for ignoring the bad manners of t
Kaiser's baby-bombers and others ?lema
retaliation for (?ermany's war by an ?
fensive assault upon her in the air a
through the sea. of which England is t
perplexed mistress.
Whether it be petty reprisal or offe
sive retaliation, the airship and the m
ri?e ship ire the ICCOptod weapon, and I
world-at-war has given over di ?
other agences for the moment.
When twenty-two Gorman aeroplani
of the Gotha tombing type SWOOped <I..-a
upon Ix>ndon's fog they bagged only I
civilians, losing nine planes in the er
counter with London's aerial defend
London's fit of nerves was not improve
by the Berlin announcement that won
raid? were in store, and such a crisis ha
been precipitated by the stay-at-home
that Lloyd George is at pains to assur
them that, while the protection of th
army in the field is the first consideratior
the English towns would be hereafter pro
tected by a greater aerial fleet, many unit
of which will doubtless be made in th
United States.
Within six months England has adde<
20,000 men to the aeroplane factories
though during that same period, Lloy
4'corge said, Germany had made prodig
i'.us efforts to recapture her air supremacj
and was now trying to divert. English
aeroplanes from France to the defence ol
London. But public opinion in Londor
feels the exposure to be "a humiliation
and a disgrace," and Parliament h:;s taken
up the issue in secret session.
France did not debate reprisals, but "n
mediately dispatched B-l French aeroplanes
to nine German cities, "doing extensive
damage and in one instance penetrating
as far as the Krupp works at Essen."
The open town-* of Tr?ves, Cobleni and
Bantheville were selected to make the
German civilian smart in turn.
\.N EYE FOR AN EYE?4? H KM AN
BABIES FOB LONDON BABIES.
The defence of London by bomb;ng
lierman babies is the contribution of the
repnsalists to the progress of the war.
And this irrespective of the fact thai (.er
man mothers have no voice in the govern-1
lient and are therefore "without means'
I of preventing further raids on I.ond?
babies." "The Westminster Gazette" d
DOUncei reprisals as ?seles.-?. "The Spe
tator" says the question is purely a mil
' tary one and that the "best reprisal is
beat the enemy."
Many ministers advocated reprisa
I upon German civilians in the pulpits c
the day of worship following the last rai<
quoting the Bible's enthusiastic tdvocac
"f reprisals. Lord Derby, however, dcj
, recates the idea of reprisals as being "
mere imitation of (ierman brutality" ur
worthy of England, besides being ind
fective. liaron Montagu, in the lions
<.( Lords, claimed for the enemy "a pet
feet right to bomb London, which was
fortified city."
To Hall Caine retaliation is the vor
ce of the war. In "The London Dail;
Chronicle" he writes:
"Lei ns clrcr our hearts of confusion an
our tongues of CHnt, and say plainly, what i
plainly true, that the air raid of Wedne.'da
was an atrocity deliberately inflicted by th
Imotheri of Germany on the mothers of Kntr
land. Can any reasonable mind doubt tha
if the (ierman woman had from the tirst con
i.omnprl the bombinjr of London as an out
rage on the instincts of motherhood Fondor
would never have been bombed? Even ad
mitting that the German woman, notwith
' standing: her education and enlightenment, ii
i not, and never has been, a free woman in th?
1 sense and in the measure in which the Kng
i lish woman, the American woman or th<
; French woman is free, can it be thought thai
1 if she had vehemently opposed a form ol
.warfare which made the destruction of
' child life in the country of the enemy ?
probable and even an inevitable consequence
, the most arbitrary government in the world
: would' have dared tr practise it? Such a
supposition is impossible of acceptance.
Motherhood is a force which ploughs too
ilecp into rational welfare to be defied by
any Kaiscrism or any military despotism
whatsoever.
GERMAN WOMEN REJOICED
OVER THE LISITAMA
"We have no need, however, to speak in
ra terms in this instance, for positive
ones are only too plainly applicable. The
GeriMll mother has not only not discouraged
air raids on London, she has rejoiced in
them. .lust as she held jubilee m the street'.
and homes of Berlin over the sinking of the
.na, which caused the drowning of one
hundred helpless little children and brought
DO military advantage to the arms of her
country, so 'in the hope of having ai
in frightening England into submission) oh?
will find joy in Wednesday's bombing of
London, knowing full wcH that it did nothing
more helpful to Germany than to send ten
little English hoys and girls to the grave
und t? to the hoapital.
"The.?e an* hard words, hut for (?od's sake
trip our minds of the delusion that
the German woman thinks the Ittffaring of
Eaglish mo'hrr over the loas of her
l.nglish chibl is to be put into the ?ame
category of human calamity with the suffer?
ing of the German mothpr over the loss or
even the peril of her German child. She
does not. Whatever her feeling in days of
may he, in this time of war she thinks
it right to safeguard the welfare of one Ger
1 man child at the cost, if need he, of the lives
j of ten thousand English children. At mo
[ ments of great emotional excitation human
.:<?? of criminal illusions, and war
brought i such criminal illusion to
? ? i.rrman mother. Some of u-- have known
? of it linee the early days of the war, and if
ut this moment anv tender-heartr 1 person of
: our own race has a doubt of it i baneful
power, let hin Spend a shilling on Mr. Ar?
cher's demoniac anthology, called '(iems of
(li'iin'in Thought." There ho will find
among other manifestations of a moral
lunacy such as the history of the human mind
The interior of one of the huge munition factories near London which
. justify, in German opinion, the air raids.
A view of London from St. Paul's.
Photos by Brown Brother?
cannot parallel, the most appalling proof
that to the heart of the German woman and
n.an alike any acts whatever are justifiable
which are directed toward punishing the
English people and forcing them into sub?
jection."
"The Westminster Gazette," while it
disagrees with the .-entiment expressed by
Hall Caine, strongly advocates reprisals:
"Mere r?-pr; ala, in the sense of bombing
Gcrm.nr I killing German wonv-n
and children, simply because they have
bombed our towns ar..| killed ?mr women and
children would be both unworthy and fut,]?*.
' It may he, as some helievo. that the (Irr^.an?
weald .-how less fortitude und? r the
1 deals than our people do, but they have much
i less opportunity than our? of influencing
their government, and that government has
never shown the slightest seropls in sacri?
ficing its civilian population for any military
! urpose. For that reason, it is almost cer
sn illusion to soppo
Brill get any relief from the bombing
? man to? ne, and t ho e m he '-.'??? ?
are. in our opinion, ignorant of th* psyohol
Ogy of the German gOVl rnment, if not of thf .
German people. ?
"Rut these sir nidi bavi by general con
rent a ?letirnte military purpoi
us on to different ground. That purpi
to comp"! ri*e iriUldrawal of aeroplanes from
the battle ground for the defence of the
civilian population, and BO give The enemy
an advantage m the legitimate air ?truggle
over our own righting men. Now, if that is
to become a regular practice, it introduces a
new military factor to which we aro hound
to find a reply.
"This is no? a question of vindictiveaeae,
it is a question wheth?*r we o?r remain pas?
sive and allow i he ?nemy not merely to kill
and maim our civilian population, bill I
a signal military advantage by .-" doing. We
are afraid ?I ? neeeeaary to wain h m that,
we can ;
THAT AMEBI? V THINKS
IBO?T REPRISALS.
Reprisals, upon civilians find warm ad?
vocates in the United Statte. "The Sun"
suggests "thrashing the outlaw nation
savagely" and "reprisals by great air
fleets, administering t<> German cities ex?
actly the same treatment," would stop the
German raiders. An American fleet of
aeroplanes for this purpose is advocated,
and Orville Wright acquiesces in this nig?
in, and adds that "aeroplane raids
could be conducted against business cen?
tres and population central in Western
Germany, producing upon her irreparable
injury."
a reply to the "boding oil'" uaed by
anadiani at the M-esaines Ridge, Ger?
many came forward with a new discovery
\\
Hall Caine Passionately Pleads That th(
Death of Women and Children Be
Avenged; Reprisals as War Measure
in diaboU.-m which she u-.ed in her
raids, making several small aeropla
carrying this new missile more effeci
than a great Zeppelin. Meanwhile, C
many, an expert in brutality facing
London and New York amateur straf?
not to be.out'lone in reprisals, promises
aerial fleet cf 200 ships, while the **1
nische Zeitunrr" suggests 1,000.
UNDER the captain "Release I
Fleets," America's* authoritative n
itary periodical, 'The Army and N'a
Journal," enthoiiaitically indorses W
-ton Spencer Churchill's demand for a s
thrust at Germany?an ofTensi-ce war:'.:
instead of a passive one. Some of tl
journal's interesting speculations run
fellows:
"No development m the war news sin
? the definite alignment of the belligerent n
tions was assumed in the autumn o*" tl
Bad BO concrete a foundation m comnv
I or holds so practical a promise ? >:' fa
mg resulrs as does the increasing <i
mand that the next grand assault upon Ge
1 many be from the sea, or air and sea cor
h ined.
"The proposal of a sea offensive had ti
indorsement of eminent strategists even b<
? fore the addition of the United States nav
I to cap the already marked superiority of th
: Allied marine forces over those of their er
j emy. It is in accord with principles of ?con
; omy in view of the fearful cost of minor ad
vanees on the land; official reports of casual
ties within recent months show an average o
I per day.
"The annals of history need not b'
searched further than a half century baci
to find added backtng in precedent. Grant':
! encircling armies held the Confederacy in i
i death g:;p, '"it it area Parragat and his as
1 sociates who broke the back of the resist
! anee acains' him. Operations on the Mis.
? pi, at Mobile, Wilmington and Charles?
ton gave a larger net result, compared with
n men and material, than did any as?
sault on land.
"Germany's heel of Achilles may pal be
found in the 200-mile arc thai Itretehes from
the coas' of Denmark to the northern limits
of Holland. The estuaries of Schleswig-Hol?
stein must include many bays and coves that
vie licking in prime defensive qualities. If
not. Helgoland Bight itself might he es
?-ayed."
"The Army and Navy Journal" quotes
a statement by Winston Spencer Churchill,'
now "no of the leading publicists of Eng?
land, which appeared in "The Sunday.
Pictorial" ( London) :
"The Allied ravie? have to-dty ?. ^
dreadnoughts to every one a*, the d **
German) and Auatria, and, in tmSi*
more than four old battleships ??? m\ ,
the enemy. But the superiority in'**!i'
of metal, modernity and tOBBaje **"f
greater than even these imm.er.ie *r? '*
ply. Are we really content to se? 7 *
ma*-? of about 200 battleship? wait .,?'"
the off chance of the Genua fleet is. !
to light, until peace perhap.? an -*sJ|2l
tory peace is declared? When *hr
battleship, were iunk in the Dard..,' '
was represented as a ?-rr-ja?. rivil J^?
but ?hat k.nd of ? ?.;,* ., 7. *
rn the day peace ?i?rn?d hundred, -fy
tleahipi are found to have been rtocfa?
unused and pas? Into obaoleaeeeoa, *ok
planted in future wars by airplar.ei s??! "'
marines
The American journal thus phrase, a
situation:
"The Mississippi of the German rr-be
again.st humanity is the Elba R-rer u
many's Vieksbwg may be the impcrt???,.
of Hamburg, eighty m;les from the t*i
Put a Farragct in command to uj tag
?Damn the torpe.loe-,' end release the ?ty ?
But the air as a field for m?rt bet,
killing exchanges occupies only a f-fsst
of American attention. The ?ntrz*.
tion to build a splendid aeri?! art?*
with which to recapture peace for ??
world is manifested in Congre*-! in? ?
camp. The Aero Club of Amir:?*? k
expressly urged upon Pr?sider.*. W..?
the desirability and the feasih;,.
plying 40,000 aeroplane-, and hasalsor.*
gested that the appropriation be incra?
to SJ.ooo.OOO.ooo. Secretary Danitliii
asked for $4.-),000,ooo additfoul J?|
navy's aerial needs. The Council of *.?.
fence, has now definite plans for the pr
duction of .3,500 aeroplanes per not*.
under the existing $639,000.000 apprcpr*
tion. Allied experts are agr-eed that a
war in the air will be vital, if not a
The decision of Americans fa ?y. \
using the wings which the Wrf.'i
offered them for a decade but whi:h in
treated as State Fair toys, calls (ort**e
ing schools on a large scale. MEM
tow under construction at Daytcr, (b
Mount Clemens, Mich., and Rtatail
As yet only 1,000 itudentl of irarr
have enrolled at the prelirmnsr**tan
camps as aspiring to fly in the?a?-/*
German providence.
I*,///^/*?//**^^^^^
Speed the Thing in
the Air
SPEED above all things is the highei
asset of aeroplanes on the We-ter
front. The fastest fleet can. b
descending on the tails of other aeroplane:
put their oppor.en*- oat of action. Th
fastest scouting machines can also oui
manoeuvre their enemies and escape eve
from superior r.umhe--s. For those rei
sens a great commercial competition i
going on in France, England and German
to see who can produce the fastest figbtin
units. What torpedo boats are to th
dreadnoughts these scouts are to the bal
tleplanes and reconnoissance machine?.
A British eorrespondent recently wrot
bis observation of aeroplanes:
1 ea
our lines during mv viail to the Hritish fron
and srhen some of ears eame up and ?irov
them off I thought that oui
thoroughbred., ud the G ' ickneyj
There were, however, r.lenty of German aere
planes on the German nur- (,f the line, a
ooni Th
h'okker is fairly played out <>n the '>'.
front, where tt I and th.
Halhentadter i
*K ? k'htmg mai'r ??
I)
Ly a IM-hersepow?i Mi
the L V. G :1er and thi
Aviatik ar<
work are carried on! by lepara!
a ?harp ?. between thesi
different spheres of aerial activity. Th.
rganization of the German air service i?
fairly well known to us. and***we also knot*
to our cost that we vers nie? ?,.,?
nurpbers of fast ?in| lighting ma?
chines at the i.; impaign
We must mak- up our minds that when
I we relax <.ur efforts at home
rill be i! u?, and this
is not true of a-, a*.on alone. The German?
produce w.rr.e star p o?. ?I ' tS r"r"l.
and I fancy that the personnel in the Ger?
man observa?,oti be: -awn largely
from the artillery, as it should he. Hut I
?hou'd ?ay that ihe general level of sfl
ie higher || our ?ervice than in the G
end assuredly, despite th'- , ? <!, f??*
fighter? and hie numerous anti-aircraft bat
tariei and sections, he h?saceomp!ishrd?much
less than | . ad our pilot? retain all
- offensive
We must expect ups and downs in a novel
kind, when ?o much | ? ???
and industry ?re arrayed BgaiBSt SB, but th?
-querab!? ?? ? ? ?-, v;:!l prevail
BS the er?i f ?..?!*, ' . Sties is
equal to the energy at the front.
The enemy rnad? a gr?a? effort to lappresi
our flying r.'.en who were ?? | rn, and
produced two f??t eae-seoter bal
every one of his artillery ?ron'? We were in
ir.vers? proportion, a ? .he air
fiad an ttaeemSBOnlp warm ?irne, and Ter*?
heavj? easuait.i* achines and
?like I'i,l the flyiny I ' ? I ?e and lease
the bold free to the ?nsmj ?. the enemy did
when we were .j-.er.or !? | -.<ar* '
lasperlabab i. thing of the
U. S. Inventors Pitted Against U-Boats
I
REPRISALS and retaliation at .-ea
have scarcely departed from mere
defensive operations against the
submarine, though the authoritative "Army
and Navy Journal" has voiced the feeling
in the American navy for a naval offen?
sive as suggested by Winston Churchill.
The submarine toll continues large, if
not so large as during the "Black Week?"
of May and June. The outstanding factl
are two: The failure of Germany's ruthless
programme to produce the delirium of
starvation in the English within the time
? d the failure of the Americans and
of the English to conquer the submarine.
The American enthusiasts who early an?
nounced the complete mastery of the sub?
marine enemy have either adopt? d some
other vocation or arc indulging the world
gratuitously with continuing marine
lusses, as no records to support the an?
nouncements are available.
The difficulties of the problem have been
increased by German initiative in provid?
ing net-cutting devices, telescopic peri
. (equilibrium pumps to enable the
submarine to stand still and devices for
obscuring of exhaust traces. The Ger?
mans pretend that the submarine campaign
has b? ' ess, but the assurances of
Admiral von ('apelle, Minister of Marine,
and of Chancellor von Bethmann-Hollweg
fail to satisfy German "distrust of the
i fTc-tiveness ?if this weapon to compel
peace.*1
Park Benjamin, in "The Independent,"
emphasizes the fact that as yet the Ger?
man l'-hoat. has kept ahead of Allied of-1
Above A plan involving a protecting V-shaped structure
Competed Of Bide walls connected by a bottom beneath the
ship's hull. It is a mere shell, as may be seen from the dia
grammatic drawing.
Courtesy of Popular Science Monthly
At the right- -A device for warding off torpedoes, revolv?
ing disk* flrtd from special guns. Observers in the fighting
top, on lighting a torpedo'l wake, can calculate where the
le will strike a*'d have the ?lisks discharged accordingly.
?Courte.-y of Popular Meckanict
forts to disorganize submarine warfare.
This writer observes:
"No new invention for the destruction of
Counting Sunken I -Boats
Old Lady?Why rant the Admiralty trll us how m.iny ?uihmarin**.*?.
have bam sunk?
ja? k?Well, y see. inurn. we can t spare enough divers to walk about
the 1 -?ttoni ??i the fiea and count 'em! Tkt Pateiag Skow, I.?union
r
the (ierman l'-boats which are blockading
?he F'.ritiah coas?, nor for effectively protect
..??ainst them, has as yet come to
light, nor does there now appear any more
ehance of such discoveries being made than
has existed seer since the war began,
'The resurrections, and reresurrections,
and re-rercsurrections of old ideas, of
course, have been legior.. In France twenty
? ?il plans have been offered to the gov?
ernment, out of which Bfl per cent went irn
me,i n'ely into the wastebatket. (Jf the re?
maining .1 per cent, held for further exami?
nation, hut one-third were thought worth con
. r.d from these lart nothing ap?
pear., to have mntenaii* I.
"In this country the m?il is crammed with
'letters on the subject to the War Depart
ment, and 'he Navy Department, and the
Commission for Technical Research, and the
Council of Nation,,! Defence, and the Naval
COB all ng Hoard; and now comes a 'Subma?
rine Defence Association,' componed of ttl B
sf . Pping and allied interests, 'to act as si
ort of clearing house for any pr?t?
idea? which may he submitted.' And the pro?
fessional 'wizards' who were 'going to in
vent' ?re gradually fading out of the lime- ,
lipht. Like Glendower, th?y s?id they 'could I
?cat 11 spirits from the vasty deep.' Rut their.
sassier te Hotspur's query, 'Will they come
when von ?|.> call for them V turns out to be
only watchful waiting. Von can't make peo?
ple invent, nor hens lay eggs, because of
an urgent public demand, i.or by the aid of
debating at Stiel which are organized to ex
eite their enthu? leam."
The Naval Consulting Board, which is
composed of engineers who have been
KCOmmendtid by the various national en
gineering societies, has been examining
and rtcc<mmending for experiment i grant
many devics for protecting merchnr:* .
sels again-t U-boats. These dtvieti in
some cases, are tvolvtd by mem! en of the
board; in other cases they are dcrvicei BUg
getttd by far-tntttrad American citizens
of inventive mind, anxious to render ships
les? vulnerable to the dreaded torprtdo.
The plan which settUS most to appeal to
the imagination of the meist! il OM cal?
culated to protect a ve.*?.-el by sen ens,
either lowed by the . * i If or self
propelled, Which provide a lane <.f safety,
moving with the vessel and impanel
t.? a torpedo. But it has been found that
such scretni are extremely difficult to
maintain in proper position, and that they
retard both speed rand man<*euvre. Again,
many of the suggested devient would pre?
vent the launching of lifeboats or rafts
from th?' vessel to be protected.
Many of the inventions presented come
from men entirely lacking in technical
training, and it is frequently necessary,
on the part of the board, to explain the
most rudimentary principles of mechanics
and engineering in order that the inventor
may not feel that his invention bin been
turned down without being given the
courtesy and earnest thought to which it
?S entitled.
For instance, there is a general miscon?
ception regarding the "electrification" of
water, metals and the atmosphere. No
conceivable method of "charging the sea
with electricity." of "shooting a bomb of
electricity" or of "charging the atmosphere
with electrocuting current" contains any
clement of practicability, it il pointed out.
?Suggestion.- along these lines, in the
opinion of the board, are valueless, as
even an elementary study of the laws gov?
erning the application of electrical en?
ergy .-hows.
On the other hand?and it render? the
prospect, perhaps, a shade more cheerful
?the most promising of the many ideas
..(Tered are not being made public. They
are being tested in .secret, always with the
hope that they may prove the golden
fleece for which half the world is so
feverishly seeking.
The German figures allow the Allies an
available tonnage of 10,000,000, including
new construction, confiscated German
-hips and neutral ships. Of this Albert
Ballin, the German marine authority,
claims that 6,500,000 tons ha? been
destroyed since February. Against these
claims stand the undimini.-hod girth of
John Bull.
Meanwhile building more ships to take
the place of those sunk is the one naval
policy of the Allies, and it is bein;r pursued
with great industry. Chairman Dcnman
tit the Shipping Board has asked for *
000,<XH) additional for ships, the |<900,000,?
000 already voted being inadequate. The
Denman-Goethils controversy over wood
and steel has emerged a? a policy for steel
so long ai steel can be had, then for wood.
Turning out fabricated steel ships of
?tandardized parts like Ford cats from a
hopper is now under way.
Our Oriental ally, Japan, has been called
upon for (vOO.000 tons of merchant ship?
ping for the Atlantic trade, and. by an
odd bargain, she has consented after being
given in return American steel supplies,
though the Japanese public is protesting
vigorously aga.nst the diminution of do?
mestic tonnage. The eighty-seven interned
German ships have been formally turned
over to the Shipping Board, and this BOO,.
tiOO tonnage is now ready for service. The
Administrarlo!! win Iu.x! force the neutral
nations to put to use the interned German
ships in their harbors under pain of for?
feiting United States trade.
Thus heroically the Allies bend their re?
sources to the policy of feeding the vora?
cious submarine, which submarine a!sr
has a ghoulish appetite for soldiers ir
transport when this delicacy can he bad
There are those, however, who feebly er>
lor the slaying of the serpent, instead ol
1 roviding as much shipping as he can de
our, and more.
Types of Airplanes
Needed
B
ECAUSE the ? ttd BUM ?
ufacturcrs of aire . '?' Y,sttts\ni
the appropriation! which the a)
eign aircraft manufacturer- have lac?"'
three years, plu - ivi awpmlm
stimulant of as long a period of Wp*
warfare, is no argument that AtBtvat
i.ircraft builders cannot construct re?
planes as fast as the best in Eur'**-?"'
vided they have the same encourai****
and support. But it is rr.os*. ?*?****
all to say that the aircraf' alr-aij ?"-'
cannot be used on the ftghthtf ""?
France. Says "The London Times":
Coming here one perceives tb?
criticising type? sf machines used- ?'
more possible to say ??? ,*. :- th
of aeroplane than to ?ay which ?I *??* *
type of ship, for n*. each MSI it *******
the use to which it is to be put. I
injr, scouting, photograph:*.-**, bomSint ?**?'
n?.rtr. and for ! " reccr.nc.il**"*
diffcrent types are needed, ar.d ai ?***?"
always have all ar.d everytkisg ?* ????
there must occasional:.*, be rr.en it *
prade machines. There most b? P**"** ?
noughts o*' the a:r ?
battle and fall among dreaaai
there must be light ' "? *? ".?,
faster scout?. We should haw b"" "'" ,-?
in the air if we used tM I I b?t the '?*** j,
plane of each typ?*, and '.re *''%1^\m
similarly circumstance! II me *******
same practice.
Our pilota are for the most ??**? ^
follows of nineteen or twenty, ft ??
preeatoaable a?re. ar.d we ought not
on telling thorn that they have *????K
machines even if il
we truat entirely to *' e ['?"'?* ''" '
raer? 'han we ! "^
choo<e us a yearling So far aJ * ?
can judge. I think that our littfj^
lighting machine il *'*,'?'?*?? t0 ,?lf ?-*??
man, and our need i* for ? gr*a??r _^
of then fa ''rMTX \?**o
each with two guns But if ?re c'n(iilto
full speed ? "? rr''''mbfr|flir***
must hu\e a new * -
the! say such I 'l-jtm**1
ieach our arm*-.? and " " ""
fore Mav. LtII
?i .h.iir? ??
. . -?
quantitiea. It ia above all thtaij , t
to cuitail the tima b?t**eea th? .m
preval of a type i ?*' 'n,*?I\a4*
hers. Tlu? wear and tear on P->? ^
machine.? la very creaf ' *?** ??* my**
plane in France is ret mOM **?? *
A pilot require ' '^l^, i***
fore he is mii-h feed, ?nd the ^gg
great that few men Staid '?? L" 1, ?, 00
three, aix or nine monthl tr'or'. w,!e? *
of all the immeass ilneaWs*** ^*e
wttttrly winds have not b"n JJ ,,, ofi
airmen fought their **?> ***Vf*\ pit*
spring of 1*17, ?nd enabliJ M pS
register accurately 13 P? ???? m^o***
tiens e< German batterie? on ? #< y
of hatt'e. I think that this ,t,r ^t*
eternal credit, and I mi?' "**? ^?rt **
will continue to succeed if ?*' ^ e******
handsomely, and will. In ??*' ^.^t**1
perish gloriously rather than ft*
th? air.