New-York tribune. [volume], July 29, 1917, Image 35

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PART V EIGHT PAGES
SUNDAY, ?JULY 29, L917
PAKT V EIGHT PAGES
The
The Great War entered
I his is the tilth day
Week
its Fourth Year last week,
of American participation
\ If ERICA seems to be finding its way
*he confusion of bueklin.
I new suit of armor. At one
ftroke the President has cut the shipping
?*-ograr-.777e loose. The draft has come and
i ?no*-'. on its momentous way, and the
dtional countenance is still fairly serene.
Fvon bill, that worn shuttlecock
Sie, has taken brief flight
lud found :i respite at last, beyond the >
5-nate- ws The American Federation
*t Labor declaras for the national welfare
m again.*; alleged Teutonic whispers of ?
nt within the ranks of labor. And '
JL-cret.try McAdoo, hitching up the official '
trousers, prepares to send a new $5,000,- ?
{Sb?SC war budget through Congress.
Abroad the si'cr.e lacks so much assur- ;
wee. The hollow voice of events appears
to ?ay oracularly that it is time the young |
ttrnor was ready. Russia, still the su?
preme riddle of the war, may face the final
"fbicle of her hopes of freedom or a new
?m? a tory, for all any observer may
B5*. The German Crown Prince once more
te-ts the Itonl heart of France and in a
frtnzy of desperation sends his men again
lid again at the guns on the Craonne
In Berlin the Reichstag has ad?
journed ur.til late in September, and with
the -essic n has gone present hope of par
?arrientary defiance of the war makers.
Russia?A One-Man
Fight
IN ONE sense the Russia which entered
the conflict against Cermany by the
imperial order of mobilization three years
tso to-day was as great an enigma to the
world as the Russia which tears madly at
-man hand on its throat to-day is
ber. C.'inmoniat ?rs ?>f that breath
?**e were amazeil to find Russia,
?reel/ recovered from the Japanese war
j-.v t IK and sweep
m;* \ .*?*?? a- am :<?< away in her advance,
months later Roaaia collapsed be?
fore vea Hindinlurg and in the follow
raed to have become quite hors
it ron.hr,'.
It was the revolution that put Russia'
apparently on its feet again, and it is
tor*"- sf the fruit of the revolution that ;
now threa- Rust i with poison and i
iea'h. The counter revolution of a week j
Hora- ? the point where at the
?ooer.' ' writing Tarnapol lies in
IBM, Stanislau has been evacuated and
bt P.U- to the southwest, despite
tWva - weeks ago, is back
Otke :ly (ieneral Brusi
? i year a
the events that are negative
hipe of | Germany
y ?till in
he Allies to hope of a Russian
an demoralization in Eastern
?he mutiny of disaffected
? to the charmed language
came close upon the
? rograd. The .
*at of Prince Lvoff as Premier fol
Wed, snd Kerensky took his place at the
*md of the ?-?overnment. The young Pre
Mtr announced a policy of "blood and
rather than any surren?
der to *.'. sknesS. The Provisional Covern
week issued **.
ation calling the attention of the
? fate that awaited Russia if
?at*iTia; disorders did not give way to a
?Oated froi he Cerman armies
a o. 'ii'-h proclaimed the sig
moment in the phrase: j
hour has struck." Kerensky
?????If hurried to the front, barely escap
?t a- on the way, in a final
aTort ? he crumbling armies to a
***** unit** ; . *ny.
. ? . . *
Ithe ministry i
.?. ,'h Kerensky
tator through the vote of
the council to the
tern national dis
?**??????? ? atttioa In form.
.. .*? portfolio a*.'l
*y the marine post.
on war loeece tl(- pi I
? men, equipment and store bave bean
^rmoua, U.th through actual fighting
****?**? through the lossee of retreat anil I
ervers
nPtos.- | ,--ia la str?on*rer than
?"??* before, an authority that ba?l fire
**M!'mt.\y ?,?.,.?, uncertiRii and divided BOW
BaHing or, the ihouklera, apparently, of a
?*vt*T- men, actually of one.
? ? ? . ?
Vf ?*A\VYH11 ; per against
* r tb<- impending
2"1 ?* apvwing. Nikolai L-anino, leader ad
J* ?atreeu'tts arbo pr?ttdpM**>tod the ? risis,
baa been bunted down by th*
??en er.i | ?*?XA W|t?.| ,?,,,. ,,., tralization j
a*mf'*tti ha* cjrne a growing demand forj
the death penalty for those who prove
traitors to the Russian people and the
revolution.
As far as Germany's aim in the Rus?
sian campaign is concerned, there is an in?
clination to believe that it is part of a
final bid for faith at home, u well as for
a final decision in the East. Russia
smashed means a new hope of victory in
the West. Russia restored to autocracy
means at least a Russia acquiescent to
Germany in a conflict that daily draws a
dearer line between world freedom and
world slavery. It might even mean a Rus?
sia recruited about-face and set against
England and America.
The Draft a Gentle
Breeze
THE storm which might have ap?
peared with the draft did not appear.
After a week concerned more with the
somewhat cumbersome machinery of selec
the conscription than with any theories
attendant upon that subject the only pro
tests to appear that the June registrations
may have promised are mild declaration?,
on the part of professional pacifists that
they will get together won to take further
action. Doubtless the ?effect of the draft,
in its accumulation of numbers and its pre?
occupation with procedures, was hypnotic
rather than dramatic. Washington corre?
spondents did their best to give meaning to
the ceremony of drawing 10,600 capsules
from a big glass bowl, and pictures of Sec?
retary Raker and Provost Marshal General
Crowder superintending the drawing
helped to make it graphic. But the proc?
ess itself was so mechanical, so slow and
apt to stimulate impatience that the coun?
try could be forgiven for a tendency to
'.ess sight of the lofty feelings appropriate
to the moment for tho*-e more concerned
with its own convenience.
Whispers have arisen here and there of
political influence being brought to bear
upon exemptors. Rich men ask places at
.Va**hington in the government service
for their sons. Governors are chidden for
living preference to political blood broth
. ra on exemption boards. All this ap?
pears to' be scattering and without enough ?
weight to actually disturb the faith of the
American people in the fairness of the
selection. Districts with a large alien
population, however, are disturbed at the
burden they will bear, with so many reg
?strants of foreign birth exempt. The
burden weighs heavily on New York's
East Side, where preparations are being
made to appeal for a redistribution of
quotas. The McCumber resolution in the
Senate looks to some scheme for equaliz?
ing the burden by asking permission of
Allied nations to draft their subjects in
the United States. Conscientious objec?
tors and pacifists are organizing in cities
over the country to demand a repeal of
the conscription law, and are making a
tight upon the constitutionality of the
measure. The campaign will culminate in
a mass meeting to be held in Minneapolis
Sep'ember 1.
Meantime, the progress of the war and
the slow development of a war mind in
Washington make clear that the draft
will not stop with the half million-odd
men who will go in the first call. Men
and money and ships and food are the im?
perial four of the support America is
called on to give the Allies, and among
these the part men must play in replen?
ishing the dissipated Allied line is by no
means small. Indications are that the
5005 a 3Uv
need of another half million men will de?
velop shortly.
A? America presses on to war, the
'anadian conscription bill, with Sir Wil?
frid Laurier leading the opposition,
passes the House of Commons at Ottawa
by a majority of fifty-four.
Taking a New I iold on the
Tiller
13 ROBA RI. Y 'the President's motive in
hi:. Shipping Board action was to
clean house. Wheth'T the result will coin?
cide with the intention is a story the next
month will ha\e to relate. The count 1;,
h'.v.n wide ?liss?tisfaction with the
Shipping Board r?,w, and there has been an
??vident inebriation to side with ('cutral
Goethals, who might be called the hero of
Panama. At any rate, the country has had
the con'Ttle performance of General Goe
thalu as a basis for judgment, while Mr.
Denman has been han?licappe?l by a repu
tatltM as I lawyer, which recommends few
men to the genera1 pubh? . In the excite
mjsm? I of tbe f'i'ht ?.self much of the tMM
of the antagonism has disappeared from
publie view. The split in the Shipping
Board m ?Ol merely a slip between
?wooden ahipa and atcel, but was due as
War
This reas the first cartoon iny?rtd h/f the Euro pee** Wat to appear in The Trihimc. It UU pub?
lished Juin 28. l!>I'i
much to a misunderstanding of delegate?
authority. General Goethals, go the paper
have declared, bolicreod the President ha<
geiven him the right to go ahead and buih
ships, without dancer of interference. Mr
Denman, on the other hand, seemed imbue?
with the notion that President Wilsoi
had stationed him on the board to see thai
the money was properly spent. Ships wen
the preoccupation of General Goethals
the procedure of getting them that of tht
board's chairman.
Only a Million
Tons Off
Pressure from acro.-s the lea may have
had somethinf to do with reinforcing thr
President's determination to get the ship?
ping programme on it? way. W.ashington
v.;.- startled last wee!; by a d ?patch in
"The New York Tim?':-" from its I *
correspondent, Charles H. Gra.-ty, disclos?
ing final figure? on U-boat losses as
i..;iio,ooo tons a month. Doubt ? ? ?
pressed as to the troirectnesa of the
ligures, and finally two day later "Thr
Times" did admit that the figures were in
error by a million ton-, through a fault in
cable transmission? None the lees, the
temporary shock was sufficient to turn
attention once more to the shipping qtiea?
tion as the only method ?if lighting the
German undersea Starvation method and
to create an instant demand for action.
Rear Admiral Washington L. Capps,
who succeeds General Goethals as mana?
ger of the Emergency Fleet Corporation,
was chief constructor of the navy at a
period when most of its present heavy
lighting units were under construction,
and he has had much to do with design?
ing the f'irm American lighting ships have
developed. Both Admiral Capps and Mr.
Hurley aie men of action, .Mr. Hurley
himself declaring on bis appointment that
this was a time to build ships, not to talk
about them.
Whether the gho.*t of the wood-.?teel
controversy will remain at the board to,
trouble the new member* i.; till unccr-j
tain. Captain John B. White, of Kansas
City, who resigned about a month ago,
; nil whose resignation was but recently
accepted, was at most times a Dcnman
partisan. Hainbridge Colby, of N'ew
York, takes Captain White's place. Theo?
dore Brent was also a Denman supporter.
The other two members of the board, how?
ever, John A. Donald and R. B. Stevens,
have been classified with General GoethaK
To Fill theWorld'sStomach
r"pHK pound of many reaper? in th"
*? Southwest marks the opening of the
farm warfare again.--*. Germany, for which
the munitions ha\c been in preparation
all spring. The harvest reports are favor?
able at this date, and the promise of vege?
tables from the multiplied gardens
wildering in its volume. The garden values
..-, 1 a; .~;"'hmm),000 by the National
Emergency Food Garden Commission.
The Senate food bill, now about to
emerge as an enacted measure, fixes the
maximum price of wheat at ."?2 a bushel,
news of which prompted the Minnt;:pai!is
millers to predict a drop in flour to |1S a
tarn!. But while the Senate bill has to
do with a lowest price, the Board of
(?rain Supervisors of Canada announced a
highest price of $2.40 for a'No. 1 hanl
Manitoba wheat at Fort William.
The wheat speculators threaten to be
curlied at the very moment when the
newi fnam Russia might have served their
game. The Rus.-ian farmer*, without faith
! in money at thi:-> troubled pass, are hoard?
ing their wheat. The food situation i
Petrograd is reported a alarming. Pe<
pie stand in line before the bread shop:
I a : year at this time 926 pood* of foo
arrived in the capital.
England has a sufftcienl food supply t
: meet her need.- in I for th
coming winter without further imports, ac
, cording ii? Ken I ring Dirac
? tor Gt ? Food 1 !co i ?a ??, in **almini
;he country'- worsl submarine fears
Lloyd George has ala the appl]
for 1917-1 ? 1 ; tha
a programme of cultivation hi
ear thai wil
ire, even i
the presen' rao- of marine food loss cor
tint.r*
*kmong the British food policies la one t<
: push the corn product ion measure, undei
whii sre to be paid fixex
prices for cereals after the war, while th<
farm laborers are to get a fixed wage ol
. weekly.
The Swedish government announces th?
ops by expropriation
including all ,-t * . or from previous
ft ara.
Whan th?* Senate got through with the
food bill it was confined again to the con?
trol of food and fuel, and the contemplated
Hoover dictatorship aras supplanted by
an administrative board of three, of which
Mr. Hoover map or may not be one. Price
fixing for coal, gasolene and wheat is prac
; tically assured after the bill emerges from
conference, where, however, a row over
the prohibition clause practically suppress?
ing whiskey was the expectation of the
week.
Not a Comic Opera Ally
OUT of the always mysterious East has
come the news that Siam. a 10.000,000
population country, with an area as large
' as Fr*ince, has joined the world against
Germany There is always an inclination on
?lll!IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIMIIIMIIiimillll!IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIMIIlllll'
Third Anniversary of the Great War
| Page Two page Seven
Mi Wilson's Evolution iron Pacifiai t.? Warrior N?mt, , ,, ? -XlT i:,_ p,-,yr?-CJ\ Cartooni
Page Three
The American Pre? . r \ . and in 1917 - Miscellaneous Topics
America's Presj War from Another .?*> Page Four
| Page Four The MicMcmriei Fountain
The Man irora the I r>?nt ? Aasten, j Centenary Appreciation
barl*. War l'"etr? "Inspired Noise"?Mar-Shells and Whizz-Ban**-;
Page Five Page Seven
i lu* Immediate Causes and fcirliest Phases of the War Au*-tri_-Hu:igir\?Three Article?
Notable English Earl) War Comment Jack and t'ie "Germiiuf,"?Ihe Wool Market
The Vlskm <?{ H 11 Wells Page Eight
Some Cartfuins l?\ American Arti4<. Wh:ch Appeared
in August, C'l I PoMtica Mannered the Civil War Draft
American Sy m path) ?** Centurj "f Steam on the Great Lakes
= p c? Who Mull Be Supprc
| "Oge *aBM Daylighl and Bad Tasie?"Sermons in Freight <;ars"
All the fiutstandine Fvents of the War cheese?Canning Hints?Shingles b\ Fare?'! P"St
?gTiaaa?ii'ia?t*<iiiiiiiiiitiitiiiiiia?tii?iiai?iiiiiiitt>iatii*iiiiitiiir.iiiiiitiiiiiti>??iiii*i?iaiiiii?iiiiiatiiiiiitaii.tt>iiii?iiirii?f?i-iiii?ittiiiiiiiiiiitiiii?tiiii?ti?iiiii*iiJitiii>Triiiiitiiat n nitnttii ??i ttmai tatmmt mi tin t utimmttnimit i ??^
the part of sophisticated peoples to adopt
B comic opera attitude toward the small
ccuntries of the Far East, but in the case
of Siam it is not merely possible discour?
tesy toward a willing ally that bids the
United States give some serious considera?
tion to the unsolicited action of the latest
war maker. For Siam was up to a few
days ago the last refuge of German in?
trigue in that part of the world, a refuge
which Teutonic agents used so extensively
as to influence the nation toward war. I:
is of interest, however, that the real mo?
tive behind the entrance of Siam into the
choir of nations lined up against the Cen?
tral Powers was the Allied avowal of re?
spect for the interests of small nations.
Siam is itself an absolute monarchy, but
it is allied again.*.t autocracy because it
heard the cry of Belgium even across al'
the waters of the Far East. It may be
doubted whether the declaration of war
can promise any military aid of impor?
tance. As an indication of the sentiment
of the world observers find it significant.
Sleight-of-Hand in Berlin*
Y HAT the world itself soon recog?
nized, that the change in the Ger?
man ministry was merely a piece of
sieight-of-hand, now appears to be recog?
nized as well by German progressives,
whom it was meant to deceive. After i
protest, against voting war credits which
gave some promise of momentous events,
the Reichstag capitulated to imperial pres?
tidigitation as it appeared in the change of
chancellors and voted a war credit of
1 ii,000,000,000 marks. At the same time the
Reichstag en bane adopted a peace resolu?
tion which had been previously adopted by
the Centre Radicals and the Socialist bloc
with the intention of introducing it in the
body after it had assembled. The peace
resolution was an earnest piece of rhetoric,
declaring against annexations and indem?
nities, and offered with the comment by
Peputy Fehrenbach that "one must de?
spair of humanity if the people in enemy
countries do not recognize the note of
honesty in this resolution." After which
the Reichstag virtuously adjourned to a
late date in September.
German editors of radical tendencies
have had their eyes opened, however, by
the editor of the "Kreuz-Zeitune," who
makes it plain that the new Chancellor nor
the Emperor nor Hindenburg will believe
themselves bound in any way, when it
comes to making peace, by the language of
the resolution. The result is that the
"Vorw?rts" and the "Tageblatt" at once
demand that the Chancellor make clear the
meaning in his equivocal acceptance of the
resolution. The editor of the "Tossische
Zeitung," George Barnhard, declares
plainly Gennany has received nothing ex?
cept a change of chancellors, which holds
little promise of a greater parliamentary
control. Thus is the stamp put upon the
German gold brick.
The Credulous Senator
From Illinois
Foreign response to the -German -lt
uation varies. Senator J. Hamilton Lewis,
of Illinois, believes that the speech or" the
German Chancellor on taking his post was
a bid for peace offers from abroad. Sen?
ator Lewis believes the speech intimates
that Germany will look with favor upon
American suggestions to the Allies looking
toward peace proposals. The matter was
debated for two hours in the Senate, sev?
eral Senators taking spirited exception.
But if England is to decide, then Ger?
many has made no bid for peace. Lloyd
George has conctude-d that Germany has
for the moment chosen a continued war.
A "sham independence for Belgium, cham
democracy for Germany, sham peace for
Europe' is the characterization the Eng?
lish Premier gave to the proposals in the
Reichstag speech of Chancellor Michaelis.
Supporting English defiar.ee is the
premier's statement that the 1917-1918
food supply has already l>een secured, and
that England alone will turn out four
times the new ships she turned out last
year, as against all the damage the wan?
ing submarine campaign can do.
Putting Faith in
Lloyd George
And England still trusts Lloyd George,
however apparent his decline in authority
and power may have become since h;
to the head of the government. A threa*
ened general election was averted last
week when the Wardle amendment to the
Corn Production bill was passed by the
Commons, niter the ministry had an?
nounced the vote would be treated M a
vote of confidence. The amendment had a
large and powerful opposition, but
lish distaste for a general election in the
midst o? war is given as the reason for
support of the government's measure.
Many members of Parliament appeared in
the House in khaki, some from overseas,
for the vote.
Labor and Patriotism
(> AMUFI. ??QMPERS is dissatisfied with
O the stamp of unpatriotism which labor
agitators put upon labor in the United
States. The American Federation of Labo?
faces a problem in the influence which
more radical organizations are beginning to
\\
win amo.-.g different laboring groups. The
! Workmen's Council, which declares a mem?
bership of 500.000 in New York, and the
People's Council have been formed with
the purpose of preserving rights labor has
won and which the American Federation
of Labor now is asserted to be making no
fight to keep. Doubtless labor does fear an
impairment of wages and standards of liv?
ing by the sudden convulsion of war, and
organizations with the avowed purpose of
maintaining the standard of living will
make a strong appeal. Mr. Gompers, how?
ever, says that the American Federation
of Labor is fully alive to its duty, and
charges that rival organizations are only
a cloak for German plotting among Ameri?
can workmen.
Specific instances of what labor fears are
the substitution of* woman labor for man
lajvir at a lower wage, the local impair?
ment or" child labor laws as the labor sup?
ply decreases, the speeding up of indus?
trie; to multiply production and the im
?Jortation of COOlio and other cheap grade?*
9 / labor to compete with white labor ani
"???-??sen the C"St of production. The East
? St Louis riots and the ?iisturbances at
Flat River, Mo., are themselves instance*?
of the effect of such processes upon the
collective mind of the laboring man.
The Maw of War
MORK billions is the cry from Wash?
ington. Secretary* McAdoo revealed
that the War Department will need anothe**
$5,0nn.000.000 at a Senate committee meet?
ing last week. Much of this will go into
American military preparation. But at
least $2,000,000,000 will be needed to giv?
encouragement to the Allied forces at the
scene of battle, for the :>*:,,000,000,000 loan
to the Allies will not last longer than Oc?
tober.
Washington has no doubt the money' is
present in the country. But the problem is
getting at it. The committee was aston?
ished at Secretary IfcAdoo'e request for
so much money, and has no notion at all o"
the procedure which will be f Mowed in
bringing the money into the National Treas?
ury. The debate, when it come?, will be
between direct taxation of the present
generation or indirect taxation of the fut?
ure by the sale of bonds.
The Desperate Crown
Priiue
OL'T of the brie*" nteSMntl of war
offices on the fighting alohg the
Chemin-dcs-Dame? -nee early May, mil?
itary observer? have suddenly concluded
in this region - ?ght one of the
most puzzling an?l pet poesiblj most sig?
nificant battles of the entire three-year
? period.
In what ha.? seemed alnv-t, a blind fury
the Crown Prince has launched his force's
i time after time against the French line,
Ionly to see his attaching lines shattered
roken against the Craonne heights
and forced to fall back exhau.-ted, witn
i the heights still umonquered. The French
offensive began three month.? ago and
Craonne was taken May 1. The Frenen
lme still stands, forced to give slightly
here and there, encouraged by further con?
solidations of posi'ion against the foe at.
other points. But the foe has not re**te-|
a moment. In that time there have bee.*
more than forty of what correspondent}
call "serious Basanita," with enormous ex?
penditures of artillery ammunition, and
with losses that must total more than 100,
000 men.
There are several interpretations of this
mad Teutonic fury, interpretations meant
to be subtle because the u*-ua! and obvious
explanation of any attempt to win a point
of military importai;-*-** wilr not hold good
in the case of the Aisne ridge. The heights
the French hold are important so long as
the Crown Prince's army wishes to stay in
the Aillette valley, but observers fail to
find any significance in the valley whieh
-would make its retention worth the ex?
penditures of blood and ammunition it is
costing. Moreover, the famous retreat of
apring was to a supposed elastic line that
now proves to be paid for as if it were
anything but elastic. One correspondent
believes an attempt is being made at some
kind of militar] decision to hasten the
race before America enters the war. An?
other Anda in the extravagance of the
Prince an effort on the part of
Ludendorff ami Hindenbnrg to gain a mil?
itary decision to bolster the militarist posi?
tion at home. Color is lent to this theory
by ?M declara.ion that the furious attack
of the last period was delayed to coincide
with the parliamentary crisis in Berlin.
A more creditable theory, in view of all
the circumstances that incloee the war to
? '.'iy. is that Germany is making one final
tremendous effort to bring France to her
knee?. If France is at the iimit of her
man power, as is stated in some
quarters, she will not be able to stand
much further bleeding. So an assault that
repeats the trying days of Verdun, except
that France ii still fresh on the Aisne
ridge ami Germany already a great loser.
It is a moral test which F ranee faces
now; perhaps, a final heartbreaking test
of the inner integrity which is the differ?
ence between France and any other nation
that may speak the French tongue.