us not ALL MERCHANDISE ADVER? TISED IN THE TRIBUNE IS GUARANTEED stop w en. we have' reached our quot a1?Secretary McA3oo Vol. LXXVJII No. 26,091 [Copyrlrt'l 1918-^ The Tribune? As?Vn] First to Last-the Tmth: News ? Editorials - Advertisements TUESDAY, APRIL 23, 1918 WEATHER Fair to-day and to-morrow; fresh westerly winds. Full He-port on Pas? 9 *?* * m TtrnrwK^1** Greater New York and | THREE CKS'Sli TnoiB5Thiwlthh| commutln? distanc?e | XIm-where Court Martial Bill Blocked By President It Would Put U. S. on Level of Enemies, Says Wilson Advocates Will Not Push Measure Agitation in Senate Expect? ed to Speed Up Prosecu? tion of Seditionists By C. W. Gilbert WASHINGTON, April 22.?The Presi? dent to-day pave the death blow to the Chamberlain court martini bill, provid? ing for the trial and punishment of ?spies by military authorities. He did so by writing to Senator Overman, chairman of the Judiciary Committee, that he was "unalterably opposed" to the measure as inconsistent with /unerican institutions. His letter fol lows: "Thank you for your letter of yes? terday. I am heartily obliged to you for consulting me about the court martial bill, as perhaps I may call it for short. I am wholly and unalter? ably opposed to such legislation and rery much value the opportunity you ?jive me to say so. I think it is not only unconstitutional, but that in tharacter it would put us nearly upon the level of the very people we are fighting and affecting to despise. Jt would be altogether inconsistent with the spirit and practice of Amer? ica, and in view of recent legisla? tion, the espionage bill, the sabotage bill and the woman spy bill. I think it unnecessary and uncalled for. "1 take the liberty, my dear Sena? tor, of expressing myself in this em? phatic way because my feeling is very deep about the matter, as I gather your own is. Tt is admirable the way you have ?been handling these important billa, and I thank you with all my heart for standing by the bill which bears ' your name without any compromise of any kind. "It gives me the greatest satisfac? tion to tell how much I have appre? ciated what you have been doing." Wilson's Opposition Will Kill Measure This bill had its origin in the gen? eral discontent felt among military tad naval officers charged with obtain? ing information regarding enemy activities in this country over the in? effectiveness of the prosecution of per? sons suspected of espionage under civil laws and by the agents of the Department of Justice. The heads of the army and navy intelligence bureaus both appeared before the S?nate Mili? tary Affairs Committee in behalf of tne proposal. The bill, moreover, ob? tained part of its inspiration within the Department of Justice itself. Mr. Warren, one of the Assistant Attor? neys General, had written a brief pointing out the difficulties of proceed? ing against spies before our civil eourts. This brief reached Senator (-hamber'ain's hands an! led to Mr. Warten being asked to draft a court ?artial bill. For his brief and for drifting the bill Mr. Warren was forced out of the Department of Jus? tice. In view of the President's opposi? tion it was said to-day that there would be no effort to press-, the bill. It ?* predicted, however, that the intro? duction of the biii and the circum? stances attending it will ?stimulate the ^epartrnen: of Justice te. greater ef? forts against persons charged with espionage. Just as the war cabinet and munitit>n bills were followed by a great ??organization of the war machine, so It ,|? expected the court martial bill ?111 speed up the prosecutions of Ger ??n agents. Confident Overman Bill Will Pass t.T",e reference of the President to tarn ?Overman bill shows the confidence Aa?:? v'':'n r work out a real war executive ! ?>m**!f.? They are impressed by the | Purpo??? ?hown in the Baruch appoint-j B*-8*? tot Schwab appoint?rent and the j ?Prompt step? taken to reorganize the! Aircraft Production Board. While that ? purf'OKe :? manifest there wii! not be! W* fligStamt disposition to force the! Tp*i6*nt'n hand, The war cabinet bill I ? dea-1. th? Overman bill, because it *r*?t th* President authority to carry j ?*r*?rd his reorganizations, will pa??\ ??th little rea! opposition, considering *n? storm which aros? when it was introduced. The fight over th-e Overman hill iMPuge 4, CoMmn 2. Richthofen, Foe's Best Hier, Killed; Rival Pays Him Tribute (Copyright by International Film Service.) Richthofen By One Who Fought Him (Tribuno Cable Service) LONDON, April 22. Captain Baron von Richtofen, who was killed on the Somme battlefield yesterday, was the finest airman the world had ever seen. I fought sev? eral battles with him and I have rea? son to know that he was not only a Rood fighter but that he was the best sportsman on the German side. He had the reputation of never killing an etremy when he had him cold. From a military point of view, I am glad he is gone, but he was a good sportsman. After driving his opponent down, he often landed be? side him, helped him from,his ma? chine, and saw that he was comfort? ably treated. Richtofen'a shooting was not as good as might have been expected from a man of his reputation?at least I tHougnt his shooting was not very good?but what he lacked in shooting, he made up in judgment. His judgment was amazing. He seemed to divine the enemy's next move. , Richthofen was such a big man that his death is bound to make an enormous difference in the German air service. He was far above the other German airmen, whom he in? spired and held together. They are I bound to hold back a bit now that he is gone. To my mind, by killing Richthofen, | it is not too much to say that we ! have blotted out the greatest obstacle j to Allied supremacy in the air. It has been said that he was credited I with all the victories of his circus, | but I think he personally accounted j ?for the total number of opponents ? to his credit. Richthofen buried with full mili? tary honors?On Page 3. German Papers Barred From L and Subway Stands Ward & Gow Issue Sweep? ing Order at Request of Mrs. O. C. Field German language newspapers and | magazines were barred yesterday from all elevated and subway station news stands in Greater New York and all '? other newsstands owned by Ward & j Gow, the largest distributers of news papers in the city. The order, which j was issued by Charles E. Atkirrson, j manager, becomes effective at once. Mr. Atkinson swept the enemy alien language? press from the stalls of his firm at the solicitation of Mrs. Oliver Cromwell Field, of 601 West 110th Street, member of the American De? fence Society, who recently assumed leadership in the campaign to suppress German papers in this city. Mrs. Field called ?t the Ward & Gow office yesterday afternoon. She pointed out that there were no papers pub? lished in English in Germany and that if any attempt were made to do so the paper would be quickly suppressed. "We are not displaying any German papera on our stands now," said Mr. Atkinson. "We carry them, but we have not displayed chem for several week?." Order Promptly Written "That-is not enough," said Mrs. Field. "You should not sell them at all. I should like to leave this ofTicc with the assurance you will bar them from your stands in the future. I should like to tell that to other distributers. "All right, you may," said Mr. Atkin? son. Whereupon he wrote out the order instructing all Ward & ^?ow agent? to reject German language dailies and periodical?. -, ,, , , ,, Mr?. Field made an attempt to call on Mayor Hylan yesterday to enlist hi? aid in the light on the German press, but the Mayor was not able to ?eo her. She wa? advised to write him a lattot n-ijuewting hi? cooperation. She ?aid ?he also would write to Colonel Theodore Koosevelt. During the day ?h? received many letter? from patri ,otic organization? offering he!r> i" the fight. Mr?. Helen Whitman Whitney, president of the Professional Woman? Uague, offered the aitU-f her organiza 1 t?o?. Creel Passed 1 Will Not Kill' 'Ad/in 'Masses' Business Manager Testifies "Censor" Approved Mrs. Cram's Pledge Used Fact to Help Circulate Magazine Eastman Declares He Nowj Believes This Is War for Liberty Mrs. J. Sergeant Cram, in promoting an organization known as the World Patriots last summer, published in the 1 June issue of "The Masses" a full-page advertisement urging people to sign a pledge, "I will not kill nor help kill | my fellow men," and when the adver j tisement was taken to Washington and I submitted to George* Creel, chairman of the Committee on Public Informa? tion, he offered no objection to it. 'Merrill Rogers, business manager of "The Masses," who, with Max Eastman, Floyd Dell and Arthur Young, is on trial on a charge of conspiring to ob? struct enlistment and recruiting, so testified yesterday before Federal Judge Augustus C. Hand. He declared that after the advertisement had gone to press, Mrs. Cram had become "ex? ercised" as to whether it might be considered seditious. Thereupon, he testified, he hurried to Washington to obtain Mr. Creel's opinion. Quotes Creel to News Company Creel's opinion not being ad? verse, the advertisement was allowed to go through, and subsequently, ac? cording to Mr. Rogers, Creel's fail? ure to protest was used as an argu j ment to the Interboro News Company, 406 West Forty-fifth 6treet, to promote the circulation of later issues of "The Masses." In a letter, dated June 1, last year, v/hich was introduced as evidence by Assistant District Attorney Earl Barnes, Rogers urged the Interboro News Company to put. the July issue on the newsstands, and he added: "I can easily imagine that you might be worried regarding the matter it contains in these hectic times. But I can assure you that we have gone over the whole matter pretty carefully with George Creel, the head of the censor? ship board at Washington,' %nd are taking no chances. There wasn't a word raised an-ainst the June issue and, if anything, we were more frank in our utterances there than we are in this current issue. I hope sincerely that you can cooperate with mo and give me an ?, opportunity to take ad? vantage of this special psychology." Tells of Visit to Creel Morris Hillquit, counsel for the de- i fence, asked Rogers how it was he ! came to consult Creel. "Well," replied Rogers, "we were carrying a full-page advertisement for Mrs. Cram of the World's Patriots in j our June issue, and after the copy had i gone to type and was locked in the j forms Mrs. Cram became very much exercised about some of the language I in her advertisement, as to whether it ? might not be interpreted as being trea- ; sonable, and she urged me to go to j Washington and bring it to the atten- ' tion of Mr. Creel, who was then called the censor. Creel looked it over and i said that while he thought the adver? tisement was foolish he did not regard it as objectionable." Mrs. Cram's advertisement, was dated ! April 11, 1917, about two months before ! the conscription law went into effect. ! The pledge, "I will not kill nor help ! kill my fellow men," appeared at the bottom of the advertisement as a l coupon to bo detached, signed and seht j to 32 Union Square. Rogers did not i testify as to whether Creel road all the j advertisement, which was headed "Per- i petual Peace or Perpetual Battle." Excerpts From the Ad Outlining the beliefs held by the members of the World's Patriots, the advertisement said: They believe that bo lonpr as people are willing* to kill their fellow men there can be no end of war. That, to kill one person even in order to save another is wron?? and that no Rood has ever resulted from the u??e of violence. They consider American Runs more of a menace to our lives and liberties than those of any foreign enemy ; for these ??uns, by their presence, are an invitation that may create an enemy. ? Also, these same ??uns may any day be turned on those who are endeavoring to resist injustice? in their daily occupa? tions. . . They believe, as it has been proved by the world tragedy bctosb the sea, that war cannot conquer war. nor can militarism be conquered by more militarism, and the real issue is permanent liberty or permanent bondage, perpetual peace or perpetual battle. They deny the privilege of parents to visit their ?ins on their children and to mortgage the minds, bodies and souls of coming venerations for the empty title of "National Honor." . . . Men und women, will you sinn a pledge in the name of humanity not U, kill and help in killinir any human beings? Help to conquer war with peace. Hillquit elicited from Rogers repeat? ed assertions that the magazine's op? position to conscription was published j before conscription became a law, and that no attempt was ever made to cir? culate the publication with a view of inducing men not to enlist or to evade the draft. His War Views Changed That his views on the war hnd un? dergone a change since last summer was asserted by Eastman in his con? cluding testimony. An article pub? lished in the magazine last summer, in which he said: "We do not stand up when the national anthem is played, wa? brought to hi? attention. "My opinions have changed since I wrote that," ?aid Eastmnn. "I be'ieye now that .this war i? a war for liberty and freedom, which I did not believe then," -*? HaigPrepares to Meet New Blow; Americans Lost 200, Enemy 400; Allies Open Attack in Balkans "- ?--?_:_ *, Pershing Tells Of Casualties In Toul Fight General Reports to Baker That Foe's Losses Were Heavier Than His Teutons Planned To Shatter Line Resistance of Our Troops Unexpected; Seicheprey Struggle Desperate WASHINGTON, April 22. ? General Perehing's first report on the German assault upon the American and French forces in the Toul sector Saturday is understood to indicate that the Amer? icans sustained more than 200 casual? ties and to estimate the German losses at between 300 and 400. -It was learned to-night that the re? port had been received, but War De? partment officials refused to make it public or to comment upon persistent reports about the department concern? ing its contents. Secretary Baker is understood to be awa?uiig more details before making an announcement, though he probably will lay the infor? mation received before the House Mil? itary Committee when he appears to? morrow to tell of his trip abroad. ?io Official U. S. Report The Germans claim to have captured 183 Americans and to have killed and wounded many more, and so far there has been no official American answer to the claim. This situation may result in a re? vival of consideration at the War De? partment of the proposal that a daily statement be issued from the head? quarters of the American expeditionary forces. The explanation heretofore given for the refusal to accede to the proposals was that American troops are part and are cooperating with larger French and British units, and that an independent American communiqu? would neces? sarily duplicate British and French statements. Enemy Leaves 300 Dead Reports coming in to-day relative to the fight in the Toul ?sector show j that the losses sustained were no j larger than what could reasonably be expected from such an engagement, which was the mpst severe of any in which American troops have taken part. The losses of the enemy, on the other hand, were much greater than he had anticipated, as is evidenced by more than 300 dead Germans in the Ameri? can trenches and in No Man's Land. His losses in wounded are unoknown, as disabled men were dragged back to i the German trenches. An American officer to-day brought j in a new German revolver. It is a j rapid-fircr, resembling a miniature ma- j chine gun, and made its first appear- j anee against the Americans. Not far from the scene of the Amer- j ?can first big fight against the enemy I is the village "where Joan of Arc was j born. From the hill where the market girl saw the vision which called her to the defence of France one can now see fine young Americans marching toward the front. They are cheered by the French, who remain in their | homes, despite the roar of the German guns, confident in their defenders. Americans Were Outnumbered, but ? Fought to a Finish \ [liy Tim Associated Pre-iB] WITH THE AMERICAN ARMY IN FRANCE, April 22.?"Our troops were overwhelmed by a superiority of num? bers, but fought to a finish." This was the official characterization ? by a field commander of the American | troops, who successfully repulsed an enemy onslaught in the Toul sector, in this report to headquarters. Details of the engagement, which the correspondent pieced together from interviews with Officers and men Continued on next page, Column 6 NOW THAT WE ARE OVER THAT HILL WE CAN MAKE TIME U. S. Charters 400,000 Tons Of Norse Ships Sailing Vessels Will Be Put Into Non-Hazard? ous Trade WASHINGTON, April 22.?The Ship? ping Board has chartered 400,000 tons ! of Norwegian sailing ships. They will be put into non-hazardous trades, principally with South America, re? leasing ships for war trades. The sailing vessels will supplant about one-third as much steam ton? nage, the difference being due to slower speed. Some of the chartered ships are as large as 5,000 tons ca? pacity and all of them are of steel. The chartered ships will be permit? ted to fulfil* existing contracts, most of which expire soon, after which they ! will be directed in their trade accord- j ing to war needs. Control by the ? Shipping Board will resuit in lower rates to shippers and more cifective handling of the snips through the abandonment of the "tramp" method of obtaining cargoes. Most of the vessels are in the Atlantic, rut a few in the Pacific will be permitted to remain there for trade with Australia and the Orient. The addition of the Norwegian sail? ing ships is one of the most substan? tial increases which the American controlled merchant fleet has received. ? Previously all available steamers fly- j ing the Norwegian, Swedish, Dutch and Danish flags had been chartered. While j control of the vessels has been j prompted by war needs, it was indi? cated that to as great an extent as possible they will be permitted to I tarry the ordinary merchandise of peace times, no that economic unset tlement will be minimized. Germans to Abandon Their Massed Attacks LONDON, April 23.?The enormous losses inflicted by the British have caused General LudendoHf to change | his tactics, and he has ordered that ! no more massed attacks be made by i the Germans. The correspondent of \ "The Daily Mail" at British Headquar? ters in France reports that General Lu dendorlf, in an order dated March 30, said: "The idea of forcing success by the employment of masses must be abol? ished absolutely. It only leads to ?un? necessary losses. The efTettive use of weapons, not of numbjp***, gives the de? cision." i??f-?-? ~~ Ireland to Stop Work To-day as Draft Protest Railroads and Tramways To Be Tied Up; Action Taken by Trades Unions DUBLIN, April 22. ? Following the decision of the Trades Congress here on Saturday, various trades unions have met and have generally accepted the decision and have determined to ab-ei stain from all work to-morrow as a protest against conscription and as evi? dence of their purpose to resist it. Dublin householders were this morn? ing told by bakers and milkmen that there would be no deliveries to-mor? row. Tramway and transport workers' organizations have decided to stop work, as well as engineers, carpenters, tailors, drapers' assistants, black? smiths, etc. Railway men's organiza? tions, said to number 20,000, including station masters and clerks, have come to the same decision. So far as trades union labor is con? cerned, to prove its able influence over its members, to-morrow will be a gen? eral holiday. No previous attempt to stop tramways and trains has ever completely succeeded in Ireland, but this is the first time any such move has been able to rely on high eccle? siastical and political approval. The event ?3 not a strike in any ordinary sense, but is a demonstration with a j political object. The Dublin corporation to-day ex? pressed approval of the decision of its employes to abstain from all work to? morrow. The city is lighted by mu- j nicipal electricity, so the idle day may mean that there will be no electric ! lights until after midnight to-morrow j night. The fact that no trains will bo j run to-morrow is expected to mar tho Punchestown races, tho great Irish i spring social fur.etion. t Military Takes Control of Irish Railways and 'Phones LONDON, April 22.?The military au- j thorities have taken over control of j the principal Irish railways, the post- j oiTice and telephone exchani**es, accord- i ing to the correspondent at Cork of j the "Daily Chronicle." It is added that the poli?*o on Satur doy removed all arms and ammunition from gunsmith shops in Dublin, where it is reported that similar action will be taken throughout Ireland. German Break I With Holland Is Threatened London Hears Ultimatum Has Been Delivered to The Hague LONDON, April 22. ? The "Daily I News" says that the Foreign 0|fice has ! learned that the relations between Hol | land and Germany are very strained. j The chief cause of the ?juanel appar j ently is*an old dispute about the supply ; j o:* gravel from Holland to Germany. I ? The situation is regarded with anxiety ; in official and diplomatic circles. It is rumored that something in the - i nature of an ultimatum has been de- j ! livered to Holland by Gerr-any. | AMSTERDAM, April 22.?The Dutch ] i press expresses anxiety regarding Ger- j ' many's intention toward Holland. The ? "Handelsblad" considers that Ger- ? : many's policy will be determined pure- ; ; iy by what promises to pay best and believes that Germany would not hesi t?te to use communication through Holland even at the risk of war, if she j believed victory could thus be achieved on the Western front. The "Handelsblaad" regrets that, as far as known, the Entente powers have begun nothing in the direction of fa? cilitating the movement of provisions and war material to help make the Dutch army strong enough if it should be menaced by ar. invasion, and com- ! plains generally about the British pol- j icy toward Holland. Commenting on a Rotterdam dis? patch to the London "Telegraph" yes? terday, which was cabled here, the I "Handelsblad" says that it is rumored Germany has attempted to obtain con? cessions from Holland concerning the transit of sand and gravel and trans? portation by rail through Limbourg of various necessities not intended for military purposes. Relative to a set? tlement regarding traffic on the Rhine, the "Handelsblad" learns that an agreement has been reached. The Rotterdam correspondent of "The London Daily* Telegraph" report? ed Sunday that Germany was engaged in a plot to embroil Holland in the war on one side or the other, and would force tho issue in g. few weeks, or even within a few days. . British Gain About Robecq; Foe's Thrust Wins Outpost Allies Strengthen Posi ' tions in Northern Sec? tor and Capture Prisoners Teutons Rushing Up Heavy Guns Artillery Fire Increases Along Whole Line in Preparation for New Blow The period of feverish preparation for a resumption of the great bat? tle in the West which began fol? lowing the battles of last Thurs? day still continues. Both sides are making strong raids and im? proving their linea by local opera? tions, while heavy artillery duels are going on in many sectors.' Military observers see signs that the next great hostile effort may be an attempt to cut in behind the for? midable defences of Arras and Vimy Ridge, now jutting out into the German lines, by attacks on both flanks. According to this hypothesis, the foe will lounch a new attack in the north ? on the Givenchy-Robecq line, where he failed dismally on Thursday, and at the same time in the south assail the stanch army of General Byng somewhere between Arras and Albert. Both sides have been noticeably ac? tive along these sectors in the last twenty-four hours reported. Th? enemy attacked near Mesnil, north of Albert, and captured a British advanced post. On the north the British continues to improve their positions in th< Robecq sector. The enemy capt? ured an advanced post northwesi of Festubert that had chang?e hands several times. Later th? British again advanced their lin< near Robecq, taking sixty-eigh' prisoners. There were also thrusts for the pur pose of gaining information bj both sides between La Basse: Canal and Arras?that is, on th< front of this Allied salient. Berlin announced the British wen thrown back in an attempt to cros; La Bass?e Canal. General Pershing reported yester day that American casualties ii the fighting at Seicheprey Satur day and Sunday were about 200 while the foe lost between? 30' and 400. Fighting activity has broken out al along the Balkan front, Paris an nounced. It appears that th? Allies are harrassing the enem; here to prevent reinforcements be ing sent to France. Enemy Is Expected To Centre New Blow Against Arrai By Arthur S. Draper [Tribune Cable Service] LONDON, April 22.?There is a bi battle brewing. Every sign of mili tary significance points in that direc tion. The question is, Where and whei will Ludendorff persevere in his al tempt to reach the Ypres plain and th Channel points beyond? Or, havin; forced the British off Passchendael and Messines ridges, which in Britis hands would serve as jumping-ol places for strong counter offensive! will the Germans resume their effor to reach Amiens to split the Angle French armies and to move on towar Paris? TheVe are many strong support?t for the latter theory. They think tha there may be a new thrust at Arra pribr to a drive on Amiens, because o the belief that Ludendorff is anxious t throw the whole British; army off It