New-York tribune. [volume], April 06, 1919, Page 6, Image 70

About New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924

Image provided by: Library of Congress, Washington, DC

                
Burned at the Stake as a "Relapsed
Heretic" bv Her Mis
guided Age J
JOAN OF ARC, who was burned at the
stake as a "relapsed heretic" and who
was described by sober historians as
a witch in league with the fiends of
11, will bo proclaimed to-daj as a saint
? . the Roman Catholic Church. Cope Bene?
dict has ordered her formal canonization,
ceremony, coming nearly 500 years
after her death, marks the conclusion of
half a century of formal effort to clear her
memory. From to-day, in Roman Catholic
practice, there can be no dispute. The
Supreme Pontiff will have spoken ex cathe?
dra. From his dictum there can he no ap?
peal.
The name of Joan of Arc takes its placo
wjth martyrs and confessors, and venera
'i of her name becomes an obligation
upon Roman Catholics everywhere. Ten
rs ago, by order of Pope Pius, .??>an of
\rc was beatified. This meant that her
mory had been formally pronounced
"blessed" and that local veneration was
rmittod, The sanctions of today's ceri
mony ;?i<? not merely permissive; they are
11 .1 II'I.'1 til IV.
rhcy represent the ultimate effort of the
Koman Catholic Church to remove a stigma
which it long sinco repudiated. They
ri ont il"' oporations of a long and in
volvcd process which, in the eyes of the
Church, can permit of no mistakes. Re?
viewing her historj meant the appointment
of .; devil's advocan*, whose effort it was,
il order that the Church might, be safo
uarded, to combat every effort looking
? ?ward to-day's ceremony.
Twenty-four years after the ?pndemna
tion of Joan of Arc, a revision of her trial,
the "proc?s de rehabilitation," was begun
in Paris, with the consent of the Holy Sec.
The proceedings of the trial were reviewed
exhaustively; witnesses were rc?xamined,
and finally the judgment was reversed and
technically annulled. But Joan's body was
then in ashes and the waters of the Seine
had carried those ashes where they would.
Even before the trial there had been
many adherents of the Maid of Orleans who
Liad believed lier divinely inspired. With
the repudiation of the findings of the court
many began to feel that the mere reversal
and annulment of the judgment could not
atone for what had formally been declared
an error. But not until 1?69 were the
opi r tops taken for her beatification and
ultimate canonization. In that year Mon
signor Dupanloup, Bishop of Orleans, made
fin appeal to the Pope. His action culmi?
nated, on April 11, 1909, in the publication
of a decree of beatification by the Pope,
Pius X. A mass and office for the Blessed
s)
?'".-?il wa latei approved for use in the
! I oc< " of O? lea ir".
Burned
At Stake
To-day's ceremony will again focus the
;. tention of the world upon this peasant
girl who shaped the course of history.
The part she played in the destinies of
France; the legend that has grown about
her per.-on; the years of controversy over
the steps in the canonization, have made
:? . mory of the Maid of Orleans one of
? ? high lights of history. In the minds
j of the French Joan of Arc is not only a
tradition, but an ever-present guardian of
the national destinies. To them it was the
spirit pf Joan that stopped the Huns at
tin- .Marne.
born of a well-to-do peasant family in
Domremy, a small village in the Vosges,
partly in Champagne and partly in Lor?
raine, she emerged, unlettered, to advise a
Kine; and to take command of his army. She
appeared as if in fulfilment of prophecy.
She spoke of her divine inspiration, of the
leadership of heavenly voices. At first she
'. was corned. But she triumphed over each
succeeding rebuff, and finally, in the mo?
ment of testing, penetrated a King's dis
guise and commanded liis attention and con?
fidence.
Her military genius placed a crown upon
the brow of an uncrowned Dauphin. She
won wild acclaim. Then came a reverse.
Wjth it came n loss of popula? favor and
of tho King's confidence, intimately those
!h" had believed in ner heavenly guidance
looked upon her as a witch. She was sold
by those whom she- had served,
She was tried by an ecclesiastical court;
sentenco was suspended; a retrial was or?
dered or, rather, a trial for relapsing into
heresy. That heresy consisted merely in
tho wearing of man's apparel. Sho was
burned at the, stake. Her ashes -were scat?
tered into tho Seine because of a super?
stitious fear that the machinations of the
devil would begin in the vicinity of her
remains. To-day she triumphs over and in
the Church that condemned her, and
millions?millions that owe nothing to her
by any national tradition.will venerate
her as a saint. ?
Some historians have tried to ascribe her
leadership to successful priestcraft. But
it has been shown that the only instruc?
tion sho ever received upon ecclesiastical
subjects was at her own mother's knee.
She learned the "Pater Noster," the "Ave
Maria" and the "Credo." She knew nothing
of reading or writing. She was brought
up in ignorance even of the prophecy
which, it was Inter held, she emerged to
fulfil.
Bidden by
"Voices'*
The Maid of Orleans was pictured bj
early historians as a shepherdess. But from
her own lips there is a denial of this. She
tended her father's flocks occasionally
Yet her chief occupation was that of i
maid-of-all-work. She was an excellen
cook. Sho was proficient in the use of th<
needle. She was noted for her physica
energy, which is often a complement of !
highly nervous temperament.
None could possibly have been more sur
prised than her nearest neighbors when sh?
came forward with claims that were lookei
upon by all as fantastic and fanatical. Per
haps a few of her girlhood friends wer
not. amazed, for they had watched he
gradually withdraw frtim their society an
give her time to solitary brooding and t
fervent prayer.
Her father was a peasant owner, whic
means a freeholder. His circurtistance
were easy, so Joan wanted nothing. Hi
name was Jacques Dare and the rightful
name of the new saint was Jeancttor? Uure.
Her mother was unusually devout, even for
that early day. She had made a pilgrimage
. to Rome and was rigorous in her observance
| of church customs.
It was when Joan was about thirteen and
! a half years old, according to the best at
j tested statements, that ?'he became con
! scious of "hearing supernatural voices."
I From her own words it is assumed that she
I believed these manifestations to be accom
| panied by a blaze of light. She declared
| she recognized the voices as those of St.
Michael, St. Margaret and St. Catherine.
To her confessor she said nothing about
these voices, .and, at her trial, she refused
to testify further about the appearances to
her except to say: "I saw them with these
very eyes, as well as I .see you."
By May, 1428, .she had no doubts as to
the messages that were Iransmitted through
these "voices." She felt that she was bid?
den to go to the assistance of the King.
She presented her plea to Robert Baudri
court, who commanded the King's armies in
the neighboring town of Vaucouleurs? "The
Catholic Encyclopaedia" has it that Baudri
court rebuffed her with the statement,
"Take her home to her father and give her
a good whipping."
In the next few days the,situation of the
i Dauphin, afterward Charles VII, became
more desperate. Orleans was invested, and
| it seemed as if the King must face a com
! plete defeat.
; Rebuffed
\ By King
Because of the rebuff she had suffered at
i the hands of Baudricourt, Joan, according
- to her own testimony, made an effort to rc
'
sist the voices. But they became threaten
! in?. Jn January of 1429 she again appeared
before Baudricourt. Again he refused to
receive her statements seriously. Joan rc
? mained in the vicinity and won over a num
\ ber of his advisers. On February 17 she
? told of a great defeat of the armies of the
Kintr at Orleans. A few days later the ofFi
? cial reports of this engagement were re
ceived and those that had been skeptical
now turned to Joan for advice. With
Baudricourt's expresa sanction and attend
? ed by six men-at-arms, she sought an au
? dience with the Dauphin at (,'hinon. Joan
I was in male attire, which she adopted as a
I protection while in the company of the sol?
diers. The King was just as skeptical as
Baudricourt had been. He assumed a dis?
guise. But Joan singled him out of a
I larger proup and conveyed to him a message
I that made him realize that she was no or
i diiiary person. It is reported by most his?
torians that this message set at rest his
fears as to his own legitimacy. Other
writers say she repeated to him a prayer
which, he said, could have been known only
to himself and God.
Before the Dauphin would permit Joan to
take any part in the military operations
[ under his command he ordered that she be
scut to Poitiers to be examined by a com
: mittee of bishops and doctors. &
The minutes of this examination disap?
peared, and were not available .at the time
of Joan's trial, although she frequently ap?
pealed for their production. Nothing could
be found against her. She was declared to
be a girl of simple faith and the ecclesi?
astics could lind nothing heretical in her
claims to heavenly guidance. The report of
the examination did not pass upon the
? validity of her claims. It merely replie?! to
the negative accus?t ion;., ami said that
nothing actionable could be found.
Used an
Ancient Sword
Upon being permitted to return to Chi
non Joan made immediate preparations for
the campaign. She was proffered a sword
by the Dauphin, but she declined it, saying
an ancient sword would be found buried
To-day Acknowledged as a Saint
With Fitting Ecclesias?
tical Honors
i behind the altar in the chapel of Ste. Cath
erine-de-Fierbois.
A sword was found as she had indicated.
' At the same time it was decided that she
should have her own standard. This was
made for her with the words, "Jesus,
Maria,"* and with a picture, reported to be
of God the Father, one of the very few ever
attempted. Kneeling before the image of
i the Deity were figures of angels presenting
a fleur-de-lis.
On April 22, 1429, a letter was written
I by Sire de Rotslaer. This letter, now pre?
served in the original manuscript, says:
"She would save Orleans and would compel
the English to raise the siege; that sho
herself in a battle before Orleans would be
wounded by a shaft, but would not die of it,
and that the King, in the course of the com
| ing summer, would be crowned at Rheims,
together with other things which the King
I keeps secret."
I
Joan's entrance into the field of military
operations was as audacious as her presen?
tation of herself to Baudricourt. She sum?
moned the King of England "to withdraw his
troops from French Boil.'f This demand was
indignantly rejected, as of course she ex?
pected it would be. Joan then effected her
own entrance to Orleans. Her mere pres?
ence heartened the soldiers in the be?
leaguered place. Nine days after her arri?
val, on May 8, all the forts encircling the
city had been captured and the siege raised.
On the preceding day Joan had been wound?
ed by an arrow.
Wins
Big Victory
She was not. mortally hurt and was eager
to push her success, because, she insisted,
she had been warned by her "voices" that
she had only a year to live.
The Dauphin and his advisers delayed
their offensive. But Joan persisted and en
? couraged the troops to many new successes.
t On June 18 these preliminary engagements
l culminated in a great victory at Patay. The
: English forces, together with great rein
I forcements under Sir John Fastolf, were
! routed. This victory opened the path to
Rheims and to the fulfilment of the proph
] ccy that the Dauphin should be crowned.
Again all the energy and enthusiasm of
the Maid of Orleans were needed, for the
I King's advisers urged a retirement before
? Troyes, where a sharp resistance was en?
countered. Joan led the troops in an at
j tack on the town and i? fell. Then she
compelled the advance to Rheims, where,
! on July 17, 1429, the Dauphin was formally
; proclaimed King and where he received his
crown.
She shared the honors of the great cere?
mony and stood beside the King. She in
, sisted that her own standard be displayed
conspicuously, saying, "as it had shared the
toil it was just that it should share in the
] victory."
Wounded
In Thigh
Joan here felt that her mission had been
, acccomplished in the main and sought to
withdraw from the King's armies. But she
was not permitted to leave.
Toward the end of August it whs decided
to attempt an assault upon Pans, tk
forces, led)by Joan, occupied St. Denis On
September 8 Joan, while cheering the men
onward, was shot through the thigh *ith a
bolt from a crossbow. The Due d'Alencon
removed her from the battlefield and the
assault was abandoned.
Joan felt keenly the failure to attain the
objective. She knew that her prestige was
in danger, that she no longer inspired the
men as once she had done. When the truce
was signed with the Duke of Burgundy, JMB
laid -down her arms on the altar of St
Denis.
On December 29, in the midst of a season
of military inactivity, the King ennobled
the maid and her family, who, hencefor?
ward, were known as Du Lis, from the
fleur-de-lis on her standard.
In April Joan again took the field. Her
"voices" had represented to her that she
would be taken prisoner before midsum?
mer's day.
On May 24 she had thrown herself into
the defence of Compi?gno, menaced by the
Burgundians. During the evening she r??!
lied 500 of the troops to attempt a sortir.
They encountered a vastly superior force
and attempted to withdraw to the city.
Faced Death
Calmly
The commander at, Compicgne, evidently
in a panic as the noise of the lighting drew
nearer, raised the drawbridge. Joan and
many of those with her in the sortie were
left outside. She was taken prisoner.
Joan was held captive for many months.
No effort was made by the King to ex?
change or ransom her. In the mean time
she was a problem to lier captors. They
could only cite her before an ecclesiastical
court for heresy. There, was no military
ground upon which they could condemn her,
for she had merely beaten them.
Ultimately this was the fate she offered,
and there has been much written upon the
subject of her trial and its legality.
She faced her accusers fearlessly and re?
sisted all efforts to confuse her. On Marcii
1 Joan stated that "within seven years'
space the English would have to forfeit a
bigger prize than Orleans." Less than ' ven
years later Paris was lost to Henry VI.
Eventually she was sentenced to deat?
but this sentence, after many appeal an?!
many efforts to involve others in ?ti rape
sition, was suspended. Then Joan -
back to prison after being prepare?l fur the
stake.
This so aroused the Burgundians and the
English that they laid a new trap for her
and placed men's clothing in her way. She
adopted male attire again, this time as a
protection from her jailers, and was cited
as a "relapsed heretic." She was tried on
May 21, 1431, and the sentence was carried
out the next day.
By George S. Edgecombe
HETHER prohibition will or will
not result in a great increase
in th'e use of habit forming
drugs i*? a question on which
even the experts in drug traffic do not agree.
One of the arguments of thos*e who believe
j' will not is that one of the causes of
drug using is the relief which it affords to
persons sutTering from the effects of over
?ndu.Kt-nce in alcohol. While the experts
are debating the outcome the public gener?
ally realizes, in an indifferent way, that
ilruj; ad'licts are increasing alarmingly every
.'?car. It does not, however, realize that
??'.'.? York state now lias a new "Narcotic
ch went into effect. March 1,
and which most experts believe will cope
with the evil, present and future, better
than any statute heretofore enacted iri any
- of the Union.
Under this new law the Department of
Xarcotic Drug Control, headed by Com?
missioner Frank Richardson at Albany, di?
vides the state into four administration dis?
tricts. All persons or corporations hand
ling cocaine or opium or their derivatives
must register with this board. The manu?
facturers and wholesalers, down through
the druggists and physicians, must file one
of triplicate order blanks, giving dates and
?g the amount of drugs purchased,
prescribed or ?licensed by them. Even den
' and hospitals are included in the law.
Violation of the law is a miiukmeanor and
of th'- penalties i:; the revocation of
"ties.
The Federa! Harri on law and the original
Boytan state lav/, enacted in 19! 1, although
ded to curb the evil, had the unex
?! effect of causing physician i to fight
? t treating drug addict?. The result
was 'hat the traffic was drrven into the.
the underworld venders again.
? '? ged the various hoi pita!? and
tation houne** were crowd? ?1 with
i pplieants for reh.'f. Thia went on until
1917, when the Whitney bill went into effect.
'I htt nnw law encouraged the treatment of
xid/Os by physicians. This brought about
mi u
irinclpled physicians took advantage
Of tO d pt ? ?-?ry.t: tin:,: ., "rf..
pestera' in their office?, and thus reaped
unconscionable profit-. That abuse of their
power* became no great that Federal au
tnorii ? recently obliged to ."?* over
ific beads of otate ai police to
tari many ??tabliehmente which .were ?ell
W
ing to long lines of supposed addicts in
waiting, who in turn were selling the drug
to soldier:, -.viso' carried it right into the
military cantonments themselves.
It Hinges on
The Physician
For the past two years the problem of
drug control has centred on the physi?
cians. Justice Cornelius F. Collins, of Spe?
cial Sessions, chairman of the consolidated
committee on the drug evil, however, is
authority for the statement that not more
than 100 physicians, out of several thou
i sand in greater New York, have been "un?
conscionable" violators of the law.
Th? details of how the new law enables
the Department of Narcotic Drug Control
to keep tabs on a given quantity of opium,
morphine, cocaine or heroin as it passes
from manufacturer to the ultimate con?
sumer are too many and devious for the
purposes of this article. The supporters
of the bill admit that under existing condi?
tions of imperfect national and interna?
tional control it is at best imperfect, but
they believe that it is a forward step in
the solution of the difficulty.
Dr. James A. Hamilton, Commissioner of
Correction, says the new law will not pre?
vent physicians from issuing several pre?
scriptions to the same addict or patient in
one day. Supporters of the bill point out
that the Department of Drug Control un?
der the law has means at hand to discover
that abuse, and when discovered it, is ex?
tremely likely that the offending physician
will lose his license to obtain the drug.
Ore of the grounds for anticipating a
f great increase in drug addicts is the war.
| Morphine and, in many cases, heroin have
] been largely used in surgical cases where
soldiers have been gassed. It is feared that
I sufficient quantities have been absorbed in
i this manner to form habits among many of
! the returning troops. The War Department
is trying to guard against this by careful
medical examination at discharge of troops,
and embryo addicts will be treated in gov?
ernment hospitals.
The Number
Of Addicts
The number of addicts in New York City
has been conservatively estimated by Jus?
tice Collins at 1 per cent of the population,
or about 100,000. Causes of acquired habits
are mainly these: Extensive surgical treat
! ment, protracted medication for bodily ail?
ments and disease, persistent taking of
patent medicines containing an appreciable
quantity of the drug, seceking relief from
alcoholic excesses, to association, environ?
ment, gang influence and foolish curiosity,
! and last, but not least, to the interchange
of the drug in jails and prisons, where it is
i indulged in furiously by felons in a frenzied
attempt to overcome mental anguish.
The addicts are found in all walks of life,
the rich and the poor; all professions and
business callings. The use of the drug by
the "underworld" and criminal classes ren?
ders more sinister their power and greatly
I hampers their chances for reform.
Opium using and morphine taking seem
to be waning. Cocaine, and particularly
! heroin, are most, in demand. The hero
' in habit is growing at an appalling rate
' and strikes particularly at the youth of
1 America. Between the ages of seventeen
- and twenty-two there are so many heroin
i users that the average age of its victims
is easily set at twenty years.
What the
Courts Know
"We men of the courts," says Justice Col
I lins, "know the horrible examples. We see
young men almost destroyed, absolute shad
j ows of their former selves, with will, mem
, cry and understanding impaired, 'the pale
I youth* descrioed by Edwin Markham in
j frenzied fancy, their 'phantoms that fling
! wild laughter and wild tears into the crater
of the wasted years,' with no normal sense
: of right or wrong, with a pronounced in
ITHIN a few weeks Paris has wit?
nessed two sensational trials for
acts of political terrorism. In
the one case Cottin, the crazy
young Kiiarchist who attempted to kill
Clemenceau, the "grand young man" of
France, was sentenced to death by court
martial. In the other Raoul Villain, the
? !;?\<r of .lean Jaur?s, leader of French So?
cialists and anti-militarists, was acquitted
by a jury after a trial which lasted only
five ?lay-.
The acquittal of Villain leads us back into
the last days of July, 1914, when humanity
watched in breathless suspense for the fall
of the blow destined to ?'bake the whole
world m it-' foundations. Nothing shows
more clearly the terrible tension of those
days than the fact, teslitie? to by contem?
porary newspapers, that the assassination of
Jaur?s, in ordinary times a firnt rate world
en ation, was panned over almost unnoticed.
It. was completely overshadowed by the new?
of ultimatums, dvclaratioua of war and gi
W
gantic army moves, which were just usher- f
ing in the greatest war of history.
It was on the evening of July 81, 1914 -
the last evening of peace that Jean Jaur?s,
most powerful anti-militarist agitator in
Europe and leader of trie French Unified
Socialists, then just triumphantly emerging :
from a hot election light, was shot by a
youngish man as he was dining with a frii n i
behind a window at the caf? du Croissant,
near the Bourse.
The assassin, standing on the sidewalk,
fired several shots through the window-, two
of which hit the victim, who expired in a
few minutes. A crow?! seized the assailant,
who was first believed to be an Austrian,
and nearly lynched him before he was res?
cued by the police. He gave his namo as
Raoul Villain and said Tie was the son of
a court clerk in Rheims. He admitted that
before shooting the Socialist leader he had
first telephoned to the restaurant to make
sure whether he was there.
When examined by the magistrate, Villain
snid that he acted of his own accord and
did not belong to any organization, reaction?
ary or otherwise. He Raid:
"If I have commute?, this net, it is because
Jaur?s betrayed my country by leading the
campaign against the throe-year militar;,'
service bill. I believe one must punish trai?
tors, and if I give up my life in such a cause
I shall feel my duty is accomplished." He
said his mother had been in an insane asy?
lum for twenty years, which confirmed the
suspicion on the part of the police that he
was mentally unbalanced.
Only on the preceding Tuesday (the mur
der occurred on Saturday) Jaur?s headed
a (lepufiition of Socialist members of the
Chamber, nho protested to M. Bienvenu
Martin, the acting premier in the absence of
Vivianj, against France participating in the
Aust ro- Serbian imbroglio or taking any stej:
for the recovery of Alsace and Lorraine
from Germany, after more than forty years
of peace. Since the breaking of the wai
cloud he had been working night and da*,
to make war impossible, and had night!)
braved the anger i f war-excited mobs win
yelled in the streets after him, callinf
him "Traitor!" and "Prussian!" an cpithc
which in a Frenchman's mouth just thei
and since meant something worse thai
traitor.
It was not the first timo Jaur?s bai
braved the anger of the nation in the sam
cause. When the bill to increase the terr
of compulsory military service from two t
throe yeui'B first came up, in March, 101?
? Jaur?s's opposition to what he called "crim
? inal folly" led to violent scenes in the
! Chamber and the streets. Advocates of the
? measure denounced the Socialist deputies
as a band of scoundrels and the public in
? the galleries joined in the ?lemonstration,
! crying 'Down with the traitors!" "Down
i with the Prussians!" and "Why don't you
! go to the Reichstag?"
This last taunt, uttered in the heat, of
patriotic, passion, might, in quieter times,
; have recalled the fact that Jaur?s once
tried to go to Berlin, but was prevented
from doing so by the German government.
, !t was in July, 1905, just nine years before
? his death, that Jaur?s was scheduled to
. speak before a Socialist meeting in the
i German capital, His appearance there,
i however, was forbidden by Prince Biilow,
tln-n Imperial Chancellor. This in spue of
' the fact that it was Jaur?s who only shortly
before ha?! marshalled tin opposition which
forced out M. Delcass? from the French
Foreign Office for what Jaur?s denounced
j as a chauvinistic and imperialistic policy
! boiiinl t?> bring about a European con?
flagration. For the moment Delcaas?'a re
! Lin-merit seemed to benefit the German gov
j eminent; however, Biilow diaoerned that
[ Jaur?s's policy, if adopted by tho German
i Socialists, might thwart imperialistic plans
nearer home.
After spending fifty-six months in jail
? pending trial Kaoul Villain, Jaur?s's slay
; er, was brought before a jury on Monday
March 24, 1919. Witnesses testified that
Jaur?s, while opposed to regaining Alsace
i Lorraine by force of arms, was in favor ol
a peaceful reunion. Pierre Renaudel, whi
succeeded Jaur?s in the leadership of th<
Socialists, said that Jaur?s had decided t<
make a personal appeal to President Wilsoi
on August 2, 1914, in an endeavor to havi
the President intervene and avert wai
Witnesses for the defance depicted Villaii
as thoroughly sincere, but ultra-sensitive
lacking in will power and given to despon
dency. Men like Ribot, Viviani and Pain
lev?, former premiers, and Generals Re
gnault and Sarrnil testified to the lovait
and patriotism of Jaur?s. The judge advc
cate declared that he? did not ask for th
death penalty, but only for a prison scr
tenet*.
The verdict, was for acquittal, and thu
before the law of France the slayer <
Jaur?s will be regarded on having paid i
full for his deed with the lifty-nix montll
spent in jail between now and Augui
, 1, 1014. - \-*
clination to embrace the wrong, even though
contrary to the nature of the youth."
Justice Collins's experience ?a Special
Sessions shows that the heroin habit is the
most quickly acquired, and is now recruit?
ing the largest share of addicts. Vet heroin
was unknown until a few years ago, and on
its introduction it was claimed to be a non
habit formi.ig drug. Many medical men have
declared that its manufacture could be dis?
continued entirely without injury to their
practice.
All drug control experts recognize the
necessity of treatment of addicts by gradual
withdrawal. There, is, however, no known
specific remedy for the cure of drug addic?
tion. In fact, the whole tr
?s at seh on the subject, so much so, that
Health Commissioner Dr. Royal S. Cope
land has just announced that the Health
Department of New York will conduct a re?
search into the subject among the patients
on North Brother Island. The cocaine user
is the more susceptible to treatment.
Perils After
A Cure
Temporary cure of all narcotic addict? is
not so difficult. It is the exercise of the
free will of the patient after he is dis?
charged that cannot be. controlled. A period
of convalescence and recupera: ion is abso?
lutely necessary. Plenty of fresh air an?
proper physical exercise while the patient
is under careful surveillance are most df
" sirable. The Warwick and Harts Island
farms are to be thrown open soon for tin?
purpose.
It is generally agreed that no permanent
' or adequate relief from the growing druf
i evil will be had until tne attempt ?i 'V'rt
! national control, interrupted by the war in
1914, is resumed. Conditions in the Phil
; ippines in 1909 compelled the United States
i to take the initiative in this international
consideration of the evil. -Shutting off ?'
the opium traffic with China served onlv to
stimulate the morphine and cocaine bvr
] ness, with a consequent loss of $l0o.00i.
S 000 aggregate annual opium revenue to th?
great nations which had voluntarily sncr1'
, (iced the traffic only to see their subjects
? pressing two other deadly druir? int? th*
hands of the Far Eastern people who h?d
; heroically determined to abandon W*
[ "opium vice.'* l