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enth-hour effort to wrest transatlantic flight honors ?rom the United States naval 'planes, are flying over a course ?11 their own, figured out last night and this morning with the one object in mind of "how to head off the Ameri? can.." As Boon as they had finished break? fast this morning, Hawker and Grieve hurried to the offices of the Royal Air Force meteorologists. Finding condi? tions improved a little, though not as favorable as they would have de? manded had not the Americans been well started on their passage, they went direct to the Mount Pearl pla? teau, where the Sopwith was waiting in the airdrome, and began prepara? tion for the flight. They were wholly calm at the start. Methodically, and without the slight? est trace of nervousness, they climbed aboard their craft and set to work dis? passionately- Hawker's confidence In his navigator and in his engine were absolute, he said quietly. Opens Throttle to Full After a preliminary spin of the mo? tor Hawker opened his throttle to the full and the ground crew were forced to call for help to hold the 'plane in place. Hawker throttled "down" again, said a few final words, and then gave the word to knock out the sup? porting blocks from beneath the craft as he opened wide the throttle. Hawker followed his announced In? tention when he diopped the undercar? riage of his 'plane. ?Some persons thought tho act was intended as a challenge to his rival, Raynham, and quoted almost the last word of Hawker before he started. ? "How about old 'Tinsides?' Tell Raynham I'll greet him at Brook lands, England." The wireless sent word of Rayn ham's mishap to Hawker and Macken? zie Grieve after they had put to sea. Opinion here is that on^ result of the message will be the cutting down of Hawker's speed, as the Sopwith will not be forced to racb^; speed now that its rival has been eliminated from tho overseas contest. Have Aid of Sun At the start the sun was only a lit? tle over two hours beyond the meridian. The flying adventurers had its aid in navigating for four or five hours as they sped eastward. After that they plunged into darkness over the ocean, with the prospect of starlight and moonlight to break the monotony of 'sky and sea at night, and to serve as navigation guides. Macken.ie Grieve declared before the start that the Sopwith would head Straight for Ireland. "If we strike Ireland anywhere we will have found our mark." he said, "but If we hit England we will be nearer home." Indications to-night were that west? erly winds would favor the fliers for the frst 1,000 miles of their course, The remainder of the way will be "ticklish" sailing, and it is thought possible that Grieve will have to "bend" his course somesvhat south to avoid wind and weather dangers. A large part of Grieves's work wil be i'i noting observations of air cur? rents encountered. 'Although Atlantic air currents car never be marked," he said, "I hope t< compile observations that will mak? the transatlantic passage possible witl fewer uncertainties for later flien than those which confront pioneers o the trackless way. "We are relying chiefly on astro nomical positions which we plan to ob tain by use of tho sextant, getting ai hourly sun altitude in the daytime an? working with the North Star at night Should thick weather obscure tho sky ?we are prepared to use the clouds fo calculating purposes, although we ad mit th. results would be only ap proximate." Not more than sixty people wer present to witness the departure o the intrepid airmen and these wer chiefly competitors, aviators and news paperr.ien. Among them were Rea Admiral Mark Kerr, of the Britis navy, who is to navigate the giar Handley-Page machine in its trans atlantic attempt, and his pilot, Majo Brackley. of the British Air Force. Captrin Alcock and Lieutenar Brown, who are to pilot the Vickei Vimy bomber now on its way he. ?board the steamship Glendevon, alt witnessed the start. All loudl praised the manner in which Hawk? handled the Sopwith in his take off. Concentrated rations are being ca rled on the Sopwith for food. The fu< ?npply was _40 gallons of gasolene. Wind Blamed for Wrrcck A big fa-rtor in the accident to Ray hamN Marttnsyde? 'plane was said to 1 lack of full wind opposition. He w; trying to "take off" on his east-an west field with a wind exactly north ? ?ast. Full head wind is declared to 1 wsential for a rise with a 'plane ; heavily laden as Raynham'e. The weight of the plane was near three tons, and the great "heft" of 1? believed to have brought it dov after a rise of a few feet had be? vQ/ilikeness ! I'1 C PEAKING of j?; O twins, some I ?j body remarked Ithat James and j John were very much alike, par i ticularly James, j | But there is not even that differ ,1 ence between p Tecla Pearls and j jj Orientals. They H are alike in notlv H ing so much as in I their alikeness. I T? C L A 1 398 Fifth Avenue || NEW'YORK Si la Rue. de la Vai-x, Paru 1 ] This photograph ivas taken al Trt passey, Newfoundland, jusi before the | three U. S. naval seaplanes "hopped off" on their dash for the Azores. It shorvs the NC-3 warming up in \ Trepassey Harbor. Above is her j commander, John H. Towers, who, with his crew and ship, are reported to be missing. Official U. S Naval photo <t-?-~ gained. The undercarriage was ad? mittedly weak, and collapsed under the strain. Had Raynham been able to fly directly into the wind he probably would haue attained flying speed be? fore the axle buckled. Missed by Twenty-five Yards Raynham would not add to the state? ment he made to friends immediately after he had recovered from the tem? porary collapse he suffered when his craft broke down. This statement was: "I was just beginning to get a lift. I felt the under carriage weaken, and pulled back on the control stick in an attempt to assist the machino clear of the ground. But the propeller struck. and we spilled. Another twenty-live yards and we would have been away.'' Hawker had provided against such a mishap by installing an all-steel tin? der-carriage on the Sopwith for safety in "taking off" and a device for drop? ping it when well off the ground. Hawker also had installed a detachable primer and band starting majriieto, both of which were left behind when he dropped his under-carriage. After Hawker dropped his under? carriage his machine was left. without any landing gear at all, and should he be successful in crossing the Atlantic, lie must risk crashing his machine when landing. Small steel rails or skids had been provided to help lessen the danger, with which it is hoped the machine may glide along the ground and come to a stop. There is believed to be but one chance in a thousand that the speedy Sopwith biplane may make the flight success? fully, but to insure that once chance every mechanical and meteorological de? tail must be in favor of the airmen and their machine. Small Lifeboat Attached When Hawker and his aide took their places in the small fuselage of the plane they were incased in full length, non-sinkable suits. This, to? gether with the ingeniously construct? ed lifeboat which forms part of the ctwling of the fuselage, is their onl; means of immediate safety should thej be compelled to alight on tne ocean ii the course of their flight. _? This boat is said to possess a con siderable degree of seaworthiness an?, is fitted with provisions and signalling devices. In case he alights on lane Hawker had early arranged to releas? and drop the boat by means of ai automatic device controlled by a but ton near the pilot's seat. Unlike the huge seaplanes of th? American Navy which flew from Tro passey to the Azores on Friday lasl the Sopwith machine is a purely lam type of airplane. It has no pontoon to keep it afloat or permit of its bcin towed in case it is compelled to aligh on the ocean. It is a small biplane o the scout type with a wing spread o crily forty-six feet, and an overa length of thirty-one feet. It is drive forward by a Twelve-cylinder Roll Royo 375-horsepower engine, fitte with a quadruple ignition system. Depends on 19-Honr Flight HawkeT expected his machine t make an average speed of 100 miles a hour at the start, which be hope would be accelerated to 106 miles a soon as he released the undorcarriac; of the machine. A favorable win might increase this speed. All his ca culations, however, were based on nineteen-hour flight for the 1,900 mile to Ireland. Hawker and his companion, Criev ore making their flight as contend?-! for "The London Daily Mail's" prize c $50,000 to the first successful aviate who flies across the Atlantic while ol serving the rules of the contes Under these rules the flight must r completed within seventy-two hours c the start, and if the machine is con polled to alight on the water it mw get off again unassisted. Commander Grieve announced Ris h tcntion of flying straight out to kc for a distance of 600 miles and the heading the machine into the reguh transatlantic Rteamship lane. Tr fliers expect to land in the Brooklanc aerodrome just outside of London. Navigate by Sextant Grieve will depend entirely upon h -extant and compass for navigating tl machine for use with which the 'plan carries specially tabulated calculatioi drawn up before the start. Heading east into the night they e: pect to meet the sun on its wcstwai path at a timo to give them a goc observation for their course to a) proacb the Irish coast, an well as to d termine thoir exact position. During the night Grieve said 1 would "shoot the stars" rvory 1v hours to obtain the position of tl biplane and keep it on its cours ??awker expected to fly at an avera? altitud? of 8,000 feet, although ho sa the atmoHphuric conditions during tl flight would bo the determining fact? in this matter. Tho romantic aspect of tho adve tureu? flight attracted tho people St. John'? to the hangar for th? tak ?.ff. Whilo nil expressed admirad for tho airmen, fear was expressed ? all sides that the pair were riding certain death in defying the ocean in so frail a craft. The unknown fate which overtook Andre when he set out in a free bal? loon to float over the North Pole sev? eral years ago was present in the minds of all, as was also Major Wood's dis? astrous start from England in a Short biplane a few weeks ago. While Major Wood was fortunate in being rescued, it was chiefly due to the fact that his machine fell into the sea so close to land. The chances of Hawker in case of engine trouble are not nearly so good. Many Air Prizes Won by Hawker Over - Atlantic Dash ?s Climax of Notable Career of Australian Harry G. Hawker, chief of the Sop? with team that flew yesterday for Ire? land, is an Australian, 27 years old, who has won fame in the development of aviation. He was one of the few mechanics who rose to the rank of flier under the tutelage of Tom Sopwith, the famous British aviator, since turned manufacturer. Yesterday's attempt to cross the At? lantic, with its probability of disaster and death for the fliers, was but an incident in the checkered career of Hawker. Hawker is known throughout the ! British empire as the man who refuses to fly by the rules of others. He is credited with making his own, defy? ing custom, and usually, at least, ac? complishing his purpose. Practically every autograph hunter in the British isles, chiefly among the feminine sig? nature hunters, has his name between tho covers of an album. Hawker first attained world fame, when in August, 1913, he attempted to win the $25,000 prize offered by "The Daily Mail" to the first aviator to encircle the British isles in a hydro? plane. The flight was to have been made in seventy-two hours. The daring aviator ascended from Uban at 6:40 o'clock in the morning before as great a crowd of spectators as ever liad witnessed a flight there. He traversed 1,043 of the 1.540-mile course, remained in tho air for seven hours and then f?-ll into the sea be? cause of engine trouble. But he broke several records and no bones by so doing, and the judges decided he had accomplished almost as much for avia? tion by his efforts as if he had com? pleted the trip about the islanfls. "The London Daily Mail" agreed tc give him a consolation prize of $5,00( for his pains and he was awarded ? medal by a group of aviators, who com? plimented him upon his service to the science of flying. in competition with the greatest aviators in Europe, Hawker won the British Michelin prize for continuoui flight. He created what in 1012 was i new record by remaining in the air fo: eight hours and twenty-three minutes He has made scores of long dis tance flights in Europe. He made tw? new world records for long distance Also he won a prize offered by an avia tion organization in London in 1916 fo hanging up a new world's record fo altitude. He reached an altitude o 28,500 feet under an official test. Martinsyde Mishap Not Unexpected Experts Always Doubter Whether Small 'Plana Would Cross in Safety Neither of tho Martinsyde fliers whose machine was smashed at th start yesterday, set out on their ad venture with eyes closed to the danger that confronted them. That they es caped with as slight injuries as earl dispatches indicate came more as surprise to thoso who had watched th flight than otherwise. Before Captain F. P. Raynham an Captain Morgan took to the clouds o as near to them as they got yesterda wagers were bein?r made as to thei ability to negotiato the trip or an part of it without tho loss of tho lif of ?t least one of tho two. Tho odd always wore in favor of death rathe than the survival of tho fliers. A dispatch to The Tribune April 1 said: "Spectators believe the chances c tho Martinsyde men escaping doat aro very slight, owing to tho smallnes of their machino, the lack of a boe or other life saving apparatus and the strain on the occupants during the long journey." But Raynham, who had faced death in many forms so often as to have be? come contemptuous of it, belittled these pessimistic forecasts of disaster. He said the dangers of flying over water were not as great as those of flying over land, that he had remained in the air longer while flying over land than would be required on this voyage and that he had a feeling that he would make the flight without diffi? culty. "If we fall in the water there is not the danger of being dashed to pieces that always confronts one in a fall on the ground," he said. "Besides our rubber suits should serve to save us if we fall into the water any distance from the boats." -??-??? Destroyers Fail To Find Trace Of Lost NC-3 Continued from pup?1 1 northwesterly wind and rough seas prevailing." The members of the crew of NC-3 in addition to Commander Towers are: Commander II. C. Richardson, Lieuten? ant D. N. McCulloc?h, Lieutenant Com? mander R. A. Lavender and Machinist L. R. Moore. British Ministry Reports Sky Clear LONDON. May 18.?-Meteorological condition^ favorable for a continuation of the transatlantic flight of the Ameii can naval seaplane NC-1 fron?, the Azores to Lisbon are reported by the Air Ministry to-day. The statement says : "Conditions generally are favorable for continuing the flight to Lisbon. The barometric pressure is falling somewhat in the Azores. There is mist at Ponta Delgada, but the winds are light and westerly. "Conditions on the direct Atlantic route are improving." TONTA DELGADA, May IR fBy The Associated Press). The NC-4, which arrived safely at Horta Saturday morn? ing, reported that, the weather there early to-day was unfavorable for a con? tinuation of the flight to Ponta Del? gada. At 11:15 o'clock this morning nothing had yet been heard from the NC-3, reported lost in the fog off Fayal. The cruiser Columbia at Horta, Fayal, reported shortly after noon that she had intercepted messages passing between destroyers to the effect that the missing seaplane NC-?1 had been forced to alight between Stations 17 and 18, where the seaplane was last heard from at. 9:1") o'clock. Green? wich time, Saturday morning. The Columbia reported that destroyers were searching for the flagship of the seaplane fleet. A wireless message from the destroy? er Harding said the destroyer Fairfax was towing the NC-1 into Horta. The <?rew of the NC-1, headed by Lieuten? ant-Commander Bellinger, are expected at Horta to-night on the steamship Ionia, which rescued them ninety-five miles west of Fayal. The NC-1 was found'by the Harding thirty miles from the point where the crew abandoned it at 10 o'clock Sun? day morning. The Harding reported the right wing and one pontoon of the NC-1 were damaged and that a pro ; peller had been broken. - The steamship Ionia is probably the Greek ship of that name. It left New York May 4 for Norfolk. Arriving 'at Norfolk May 6, the Ionia departed ; the same day for Gibraltar and would | have been in the path of the trans ; atlantic flight. British Bow to U. S. Fliers;PityOwnMen Grahame - White Says Flight to Azores Is Ob? ject Lesson to Admiralty LONDON, May 18 (By The Asso? ciated Press).?Claude Grahame-White, the aviator, although not unduly sur? prised that the Americans succeeded in accomplishing the most dangerous part of tho transatlantic flight. say_ he is thoroughly delighted with the great en? terprise shown. He says that the flight is an object lesson to the British authorities because, as far as the British machines are concerned, the flight means life or death, as there is no chain of destroyers to pick them up if they meet with an accident. .1. A. Whitehead, managing director of tho Whitehead Aircraft Company, says that irrespective # of nationality the great feat of crossing nearly 1.100 miles??, of open sea marks a tremen? dous era in the progress of aviation. The Americans, he says, had the ad? vantage of a patrolled course and, therefore, the probabilities of life and death did not enter into their calculo tions as they must with the British aviators. The American flight was a good one in the opinion of Colonel V. L. Hen? derson, a pilot and member of the House of CommonB for Glasgow, but with a trail of destroyers was com? paratively easy and without risk to the airmen. He added: "It makes one sad to think our me:i should have so little practical assist? ance from the Air Ministry. Even the Americans admit our men are as good as theirs. There is no doubt our ma? chines are better." G. Hold Thomas, an authority on aeronautics and who was identified with several flying feats some years ago, attributes the American success to "organization" and "national effort." ; He added that criticism of the Admi ! laity is not helping the British con ? testants. He said his suggestion that ) destroyers or even captured German I submarines be placed along.the route i from Newfoundland to Ireland ? met i with the response: "The expense, is ; loo enormous." Mrs. Hawker, wife of Harry Hawker, ?the Australian aviator, said: "Our ! boys have had no help at all, Even , the weather reports are unsatisfac? tory." Lt. Parsons Doubts Sea Trade in Air Pranks of Ocean Must Be Tamed First* He Says; Praises NCs Exploit The feat accomplished by the NC-4 in its successful flight from America to the Azores will go down in history as one of the most daring exploits of the air, but it is extravagant to ,think it opens new vistas for commercial ocean flying, in the opinion of Lieu? tenant E. C. Parsons, a noted aviator, who passed three years at the front and has fifteen German machines to his credit. Lieutenant Parsons joined the La? fayette Escadrille in 1915 and became a member of the Guynemer flying corps when the former organization joined the American flying forces. He wears two French and two Belgian decora? tions. When seen at the American f Fownessilk iW^ gloves will M?5 not disap; SS^W point. Their III, style is apparent?their fit and durability a *h pleasant surprise. \ double tipped. F_,r \ men, women \ ?and children. ?'Iii, V S ^,/flii tt^ ????Uli,,, Seaj?nablt \? '"V thadts. Atshtpt '"lu, \ ""??mu,,,,,.]! I What is your idea of a perfect letter-writing service? A 15-minute demonstration in your office, on your work will show y ou that made and merchandiied by Iho ^^?^BjJBBMSBB^^*??>l^^fl^l3^P^^ Columbia GraphophoneCompany ^^j?ujosj*?* TOEW?W/W/IE ??-m~ . , ?,? n ? .* - _^J, |a'" Nip GINGER ALE : *" ! Flying Club. 297 Madison Avenue, yes- j ? terday, he differed with Major Thomas 1 S. Baldwin, who declared in The Trib? une yesterday that the achievement j of the NC-4 marks the beginning of , ocean travel by air on a large scale. "I regard the feat of the NC-4 as possibly the most remarkable flying exploit in the history of aviation," he ! said. It was, however, a combination lof daring, good luck and careful prepa I ration. Without the lane of American ! destroyers it is questionable whether I the feat would have been accomplished. "As far as making airplanes for pas 1 senger and freight, carrying- is con I cerned, that is quite without the bounds of probability. I understand that hundreds of thousands of dollars have been expended by the Navy De? partment in preparation for the flights of the NC machines. The cost is too great to make the use of airplanes across the ocean for commercial pur I poses profitable." Sees Future for "Blimps'' Lieutenant Parsons was of the opinion that lighter than air machines | stand a much better chance of becom I ing ocean carriers than heavier than air craft. He believes the "blimp" balloons eventually may be perfected to permit their use in passenger travel across the Atlantic. Lieutenant Parsons thinks the at? tempt of Harry Hawker, the British aviator, to cross the Atlantic is "noth? ing short of suicidal." "If Hawker succeeds," he said, "he will have accomplished something in the way of daring which no human being ever achieved. But frankly I | do not see how he can do it. He has 1 none of the protective and guiding 1 features of our NC 'planes and dropped ! his wheels when he left Newfoundland. ! Fven if he should succeed in crossing j he will have a pretty tough time of it , ir landing on the Irish coast. It is the most devilish-daring thing any aviator ever attempted." Air Route Maps Over Sea Needed Now that aero flights have been ex? tended over the Atlantic dis? tance and with an ease which seems ! to assure .future flights over seas in all directions, aeronauts are considering two important projects: mapping of ' aerial routes over the ocean, as }hey are now being mapped over land, and establishment of larding fields with special reference to convenience of out? bound and incoming transoceanic air? craft. To the average landlubber the sky may seem sufficiently clear of obstacles to need no special road marking. It used to be the feeling of the early aero? naut that once in the sky he needed no guide posts, but could fly in any direction with complete freedom. Although this remains true in a sense, it has been found convenient and practical to map out air routes which are just as definite as ocean routes for steamships. It was found that if aeroplanes were to travel long distances and land without loss of time well mapped routes would have to be provided and regular supply stations established. 41,058 Miles of Sky Roads The work of mapping the routes for the United States army was intrusted to Captain Archie Miller, of the Divi? sion of Military Aeronautics, whose work comprised the projected laying out of 44.0S8 miles of sky roadways. More than 75 per cent of this work already has been accomplished. As flying over the ocean, accelerated by the success of the flight to the Azores, is extended, it will be neces? sary, in the opinion of experts, to map the routes over the ocean just as they are now being mapped over the land. Landing Places Essential First consideration will be given t( distance; aerial routes will be selectee with special reference to the nearnes: of land points between which the flights are to be made. Then will conn I the question of providing possibl? landings in midocean. It would not b< practicable to mark each air routs with a line of warships, as was dont I in the case of the United States nava 'planes. Aeronauts believe ocean flying wil develop non-stop flying and that in 1 ! short time a flight from New York t< j any part of Europe will not be consid ? ered unusual. But meantime, to pro tect the fliers and to help develop non j stop flying, some means must be foun< ; to extend help to any machine tha ; might have to come to the surface o the water in midocean because of ? mishap. [ It has been proposed that one trans j oceanic air route be mapped out as ai I experiment?probably the route fron ? Newfoundland to the Azores. The idei i is to mark the route with floating sta t.ions where supplies of oil, gas am j airplane parts may be had. Scientifi i data from the men who are now flyinj the Atlantic will be awaited to deter mine whether the weather and air con ditions over this route warrant its be. Income Tax Bills The Governor has signed the New York State Income Tax Bill ?and the Corporatif.? Franchise Tax Bill. n These two bills have no? become laws and are of interest to lawyers, residents who have an income ol $1,0C0 or more non-residents doing bukest or employed in the State and employers of non-residents, Following our usual custom we have prepared copies o? these bills and copies may be had on application at any of the offices of the Company. TiTlE GUARANTEE X TRUST C9 Capital $5,000,000 Surplus $11.000,000 ?76 Broadway. ? 137 W.l25ih5t, 370 ?? M^tha J 175 Remsen Street. Brooklyn i 350Fulton St. Jamaica 67 Jackson Av?.l_l??l 90 Bay Street. St.Ceor??. Staten IjUi* ing selected as a permanent ii, roadway. w Flight Recorded On Log of Navy Government Advices Re, port All D?tails of the Movements of 'Planes Se ir York Tribun, u ashlngton Bureau WASHINGTON, May 18.- The log e{ transatlantic flight, bused on advicej received by the Navy Department fol, lows; 8:64 a. m. from Admira! Jackson) "Following received from NC-4? Weather conditions unfavorable, w?j rot attempt flij is morning. 031J (4:31 a. m. New York time'. 9:37 a. m. Crom Admiral Jacksori "No information regarding NC-3, Have directed de troy? east of fa. tion ship l(i to ind report. 10418 (6:40 a. m. New York time.") From Admiral Knapp, at hond?n. re.? ceived 12:35jp. m., May 18: "Folio* ing received from British air mini try: 'The air cou il that yo will communicate to the United S:a Navy Department their congratulait! en the sue? . the th navy seaplanes from America to t Azores and their good wishes fort successful ci of the trani| atlantic flight.' " Following received from U. S'. { Harding from Ponta Delgada at 3:5i p. m. "Report 'plane NC-1 broke:, lower 'planes badly damaged; pen'?: Continued on next page Bangkoks from the Philippines ? especially light and comfortable, $7 to $16.50. Plain sennits, preferred by Correctly groomed New Yorkers, $3 to $5. Straw-flex self-con form? ing hats add much to one's comfort, $4, $5, $6. 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