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?LL MERCHANDISE ADVEPV JISED IN THE TRIBUNE IS GUARANTEED Vol. LXXIX No. 26,488 /?ffijg^ First fo Last?the Truth: News ? Editorials Advertisements [Copyright. 1919. New York Tribune Ino.J SUNDAY, MAY 25, 1919?NINE PARTS?82 PAGES-PARTS I AND II WEATHER Partly cloudy, showers to-day and probably to-morrow; moderate winds. Fall B?port on Pace 18. FIVE CENTS ?X Petrograd Reported in Flames, Populace in Revolt; Allies Cut Austria's Army of a Million to 15,000; Hines Asks $1,200,000,000 More to Run Railroads 1 - ?? Director Asserts the Deficit for Roads April 30 Amounted to 8486,000,000 Quarter Billion Last 4 Months Puts Blame on Hard 1917.'I8 Winter and Trade Depression Sow York Tribune Washington Bureau WASHINGTON. May 24.?Walker D. Hines, Director General of Railroads, ' {0-day asked Conpress to appropriate 11,200,000,000 in addition to the $500, 600,000 already provided to meet def? icits and to continue government op erttion of the American railroads. More may be asked later if the deficit tontinues to grow. The loss to the government on ac? count of the railroads up to April SO, Mr. Hin?s's figures showed, was ?436,000,000. The Director General Bade no predictions as to future profits ? losses, but said he believed it ex? pedient to defer consideration of a raise in races until the present transi? tional period had passed. He asked for 1223,000,000 to be used as additional working capital to meet business obli? gations promptly. Tho Director General's financia! Itatement showed that the operating deficit for 1918 was $236,184,940. The deficit for the first four months of 1919 was ?250,000,000. Gives Causes of Deficits The 191S deficit was du?. t'"> Director ?Genera! said, to the severity of the ! ?inter and the fact that the 25 per mi increase in rates was in effect Wly a little over six months, while ex? cuses rose steadily throughout the ? *tlr\ ^'le no'dover war prices for ma- ! trials, added to the unprecedented ' Wing off in freight, traffic after the j ?ip.ng of the armistice, accounted for j the deicit for the first four months of i MIS, he said. The Director General's accounting of i ?e requirements for rhich the $1,-| ?0.000,000 appropriation is needed follows : REQUIREMENTS FOR 1918 (?ount necessary to defray ??-fatinK deficit the difference wtwten the standard rental Payable to the railroad com? ?ame, and the net operatic ^1n?orne for the year 1918.$236,184,940 * r.?t exaau of current asset? ??f current liabilities, partly ?T?'!?Die for the immediate t_ynm?g capital requirement.. 201,938,IDS "ProvemenU on inland water A^t. ?-.. 2,641,85? ??ounla tdvanced for account of mc-oad comranies to enable ?*? to pay in part th.ir cur ?wur.t of additions and better ?jM expenditures, including ?Wpment made to the railroad M>r*rtles durins 1918, which ?W be earned by the railroad Wawistration for the timo be ??? during 1918 to ra?lroad "*MMM ??Parues not immediately re nyKle. 48,483,969 |T**i requircmentfl for 1018. ..$041,802,43b "m ?mount heretofore appropri ""., ?OO.OOO.OOO ^*nc? required for 1918... .$441.802.438 ?TIMATKD REQUIREMKNTS FOR 1919 ???mount of addition, and bet siwJ^ ?wnditu/es.$253.435,760 "piment to develop inland ?*:*?? ?",. 11,700.000 lifcra* Boston & Maine ?tt12 c'jrn?*ny'8 reorxan ***??? defirit for first four lS^r*,of "'?') .200.000,000 ??.-on?! working rapiui. 223,061,802 *J*1 ?sth&ated requirement? h,Xj'> .$758,197,562 *?.n,4 total for 1918 an<T~ *vii.$1,200,000,000 Blames Severe Winter . *M Operating deficit of $236,184,940 *ae year 191*," the Director General I< "wag largely due to two facts: "?? the winter of 1018 wan unpie Jr*t*'l 111 its severity and its costly F*jV ca railroad operations, and. Su**1* '"????*? in pa?Hcn.ger and IP* T'"'' averaging about 25 per F- ?ire m ef/cet for only a few mto excess of six month?, while E "eased expenses, due to war WUloa?, were effective on an as J"?g seal? throughout the twelve ?j? operating deficit of approxi JJjy $250,000,000 for the first four P*<* 1919 is duo in part to rurau ^* Wth levels of cost? brought m oy tbe war for labor and mat* ? *'?i in part to th? sadden and ,Trr'*! ???lnj? off of business, result mt sessatlon of war aetlritUs, the S^* W?P m the demand for fuel J?? Other baale commodities and M KM?! state ;i hesitancy due to J*r.%n>on from war conditions to K?te Increases Deferred ?*J.'??*- '-hat the present penod is g^tiOAal and apparently on the eve |?i>'Uv- 'h???;'t" ''''"? ">ade it ex J"*? ** defer .-??1 the matter ran k^J^'y Measured ?he conaiders The Pinsk Massacre First complete account of the killing of 37 Jews without trial in the New Polish Republic.Page 12 AN ECONOMIC RIDDLE. Thousands of soldiers want jobs. Thousands of jobs want men. What is the Answer? READ IT IN TOMORROW'S TRIBUNE. Never Ending War on Drys Is Declared Mass Meeting Attended by 4,000 at Garden De? clares People Must Elect "Wet? Congress A mass meeting of protest against prohibition, called at Maulson Square ? Garden last night by the Association Opposed to National Prohibitions, | seemed to be in danger of complete j disintegration half an hour after it started. The meeting opened at 8:30 with four or five thousand persons, most of them men, in the auditorium. Many of them were shunted into the gal? leries as soon as they got inside the building, despite the fact that some of those so directed came provided with tickets. About 9 o'clock, while an army officer was speaking, the exodus began. Couldn't Hear Speakers Arthur James Seavey, director of the association under whose auspices the meeting was held, said that the exodus was caused by an announce? ment that smoking would not be per? mitted. Some thought that those who went out did so because they didn't like their seats and couldn't hear the speakers. Anyhow, by 9 o'clock nearly a third of the audience was on its feet, shuffling for the exits. Fifteen min? utes later the exits on Madison Ave? nue were jammed by people abandoning the meeting. They were unmoved by the hoarse shouts of "Deserters! De? serters! ' which proceeded from a ! flannel-shirted man in the lobby as ! regularly and vociferously as the ex I haust from an engine. A man in ; a sailor's uniform struggling to hold i a place in the centre of the outward bound current while he sold "No Beer, No Work" placards didn't seem to be doing much business. Notwithstanding the inauspicious be? ginning the meeting proceeded with the programme mapped out for it. Representatives of unions numbering their members by the hundreds of thousands were present; there were delegations from cities, clubs and civic and national organizations. People Robbed of Liberty The following resolutions were adopted: "Whereas, in a republic of free men the majority must rule if the republic shall endure; and "Whereas, a tyrannical minority, a mere handful of professional agi? tators in a population of 100,000,000, has caused to be engrafted upon the Constitution of the United States an amendment which practically nulli? fies the first ten amendments to the Constitution and which robs the peo? ple of this republic of a liberty sup pof?d to have been forever safe? guarded and guaranteed by the fun? damental law of the land; and "Whereas, if one right and one i liberty can be taken away by Con | stitutional amendment, there is noth ; ing to prevent others being taken j away by the same metjiod; therefore, I be it "Resolved, That the citizens of Continued on page ten When you leave town this summer? have The Tribune follow you to your vacation home. 'Phone Beekman 3000, or write to Sub? scription Dept., New York i Tribune, 154 Nassau St., N. Y. C. Governor Tells Women Night Law Will Stand ? _ Neither Arguments Nor Tears Move Him to Prom? ise Change in Act That Limits Consecutive Work "Is your excellency going to say that j women cannot work on the stage after 1 10 o'clock at night?" asked Miss Amy Wrenn, counsel for the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Women's League for Equal Op? portunity, at the protest meeting be? fore Governor Smith at the City Hall yesterday on the Lockwood-Caulfield bill limiting hours of work for women on transportation lines. "There has been no attempt to reg? ulate the hours of labor of professional women," replied the Governor. "But the time may come when that may be done. And if some medical authority certifies that it ought to be done, I'll sign the bill." "Don't you think the work of chorus girls ie more strenuous that that of the women whom you have heard here to? day?" continued Miss Wrenn. "Please confine yourself to the case at hand," said the Governor. Fixed Policy. Said Governor This dialogue occurred after nearly a dozen women had been heard in pro? test against the bill, which prohibits the employment of women before 6 in the morning and after 10 at night and for more than nine consecutive hours. It was provoked by the declaration of the Governor that lie was emphatically in favor of legislation regulating the hours of work of women; that it was the fixed policy of the state, and that it had been determined after com? petent medical authorities had testified that work at night was injurious to women. Apart from the fear that cabarets and theatres may have casts composed entirely of men, the meeting developed that: 1. The Governor will not call an extra session of the Legislature to repeal the law. 2. The State Industrial Commis? sion will interpret the law liberally, so as to prevent ?nnecessary hard? ships being inflicted on women em? ployed on transportation lines. 200 Women Present The meeting, which filled the Board of Estimate room, started a little after 4 o'clock. More than two hundred women, most of them In uniform, ha3 been waiting nearly an hour for the Governor and John Mitchell, State In? dustrial Commissioner, to arrive. When he arrived all stood up and applauded vigorously until the Governor rose and bowed his thanks. All the speakers told their stories forcefully. One of them, who spoke with the soft accent of the West of Ireland, had most of the women in tears. She was Mrs. Anastasia Ma loney, whose frail body was accen? tuated by the trim conductor's nniform and the close fitting man's cap with the nickel number and plate. "This is a bad law, yqur worship," began Mrs. Maloney, her blue eyes sparkling. "I was left by my husband three years ago. I had three little children. And I went out washing. But I could not make enough to keep us all together. So I had to put them in a home?in the Home of Our Lady of the Guardian Angels. Hired Woman to Help "Then the war came on, and I got a job on the cars. I made good money, $28 a week. So I took my children out, and I've been supporting them. And I was able to hire a woman for $12 a month to take care of them. And we were all so happy until this law was passed. The rich are not treating the poor right to pasn a law like this. Now I can only make $1.17 a day. That's all any of as can make. I don't want"?i? Mis. Maloney paused to take a deep breath. Then ?he continued, her voice breaking: "I don't want to put thoie little kid? dles back In a home. You'd ought to tee Continued on page el&ven Bolsheviki Said To Be Blowing Up Their Munitions as Foes Approach; -| City Is Menaced From All Sides ; Red Officials Are Preparing to Flee,; Is Omsk Report Fires rnd explosions in and about Petrograd indicate the Bolsheviki are destroying their munitions in the former Russian capital in an? ticipation of the early capture of the city by anti-Bolshevik forces. There also are indications that the population of Petrograd has risen against Lenine's government, the sound of machine gun fire being audible from outside the city. Allied forces on the Murmansk front, aided by American railroad troops, are pressing southward toward Petrograd, despite the fact that the retreating Reds are de? stroying bridges and roads. American motor launches are ex? pected soon to be in Lake Onega, which is connected by a system of waterways with Petrograd. Bolshevik commissaries are making ready to flee from Russia, accord? ing to Omsk dispatches. In the Volga River region the peasants are preparing to rise against the Reds and are arming all males be? tween eighteen and fifty years of age. Other reports from the ter? ritory menaced by Admiral Kol chak suggest the rapid disintegra? tion of the rule of the Reds. Bolshevik newspapers are warning the people that Admiral Kolchak's advance, which has Moscow for its immediate objective, cannot be stopped. Reports persist that the Bolsheviki are preparing to evacu? ate Moscow. Reds Preparing To Quit Moscow Bolshevik Attacks on Archangel Front Sub side; Kolchak Advances LONDON, May 24 (By The Associated Press,). -Great fires and loud explo? sions have occurred in and around Petrograd, according ' to reports for? warded to "The Daily Mail's" corre? spondent at Helsingfors under date of Thursday. It is beiieved the Bolshe? viki, pressed by the Esthonian ad? vance, are destroying the munitions in Petrograd. Machine gun firing also has been heard in Petrograd, and it is reported the population has risen against the Bolshev?rl. A great change has come over the situation in Russia through the suc? cesses of the various anti-Bolshevik forces. It is reported the Bolsheviki are preparing to evacuate Moscow, their capital, while official and unoffi? cial news of the last, few days shows Petrograd is closely threatened by the advance of the Finns and the Eston? ians on either side of the Gulf of Finland and by that of General May nard in the region of Lake Onega. Bolshevik attaflks on the Archangel front have ceased. In addition the Bolsheviki apparently have been un? able to check the advance of Admiral Kolchak's forces west of the Urals. "The Daily Telegraph" says the British and Allied policy of helping the Russian opponents of the Bolshe? viki to help themselves remains in force. It adds the situation to-day is that the movement led by Kolchak is in a fair way to Btamp out Bolshevism. Admiral Kolchak, It is said, is being assisted by British non-combatant troops commanded by Colonel John Ward, a Laborite and Socialist. Red Army Breaks Up Under Defeat Newly Mobilised Troops Are Deserting; Fights in Ranks Reported OMSK, May 21?Reporta received by th? general staff Of the Siberian army Indicate dUintegration of the Conthtwd on nemh pao? Truce Kept Foe From Dose of Deadliest Gasj "Lewisite," Strongest Poi? son Known, Invented by U. S. Army Captain to ; Annihilate the Enemy! -" ! WASHINGTON, May 24 (By The Associated Press).?Guarded night and day and far out of human reach on a pedestal at the Interior De? partment Exposition here, is a tiny vial. It contains a specimen of the deadliest poison ever known. It is "Lewisite," product of an American scientist. It is what Germany escaped by signing the armistice before all the I resources of the United States were turned upon her. Ten airplanes carrying "Lewisite" would have wiped out every vestige of life?human, animal and vegetable? in Berlin. A single day's output would snuff out the four million lives on Manhattan Island. A single drop poured in the palm of the hand would penetrate to thr> blood, reach the heart and kill the victim in great agony. What was coming to Germany may be imagined by the fact that when the armistice was signed it was being manufactured at the rate of ten tons a day. Three thousand tons of this most terrible instrument ever con? ceived for killing would have been ready for business on the American front in France on March 1. "Lewisite" is another of the big secrets of the war just leaking out. It was developed in the Bureau of Mines by Professor W. Lee Lewis, of North? western University, Evanston, III., who took a commission as a captain in the array. It was manufactured in a spe? cially built plant near Cleveland called the "Mouse Trap," because every work? man who entered the stockade agreed not to leave the eleven-acre space until the war was won. This, of course, was to protect the secret. Work on the plant was started eighteen days after the Bureau of Mines had completed its experiments. The other preparations to bring the gaa Into the war went forward with like speed, but the armistice prevented the Germans from ever experiencing a full realization of what they had be? gun when they turned their primitive gasos on the Canadians in Flanders in the early days of the war. Experts ure certain no one will want to ?teal the sample. Everybody at the exposition showing what Secretary Lane's department did and Is doing keeps as far away from It as possible. ? Wilson Warns U. S. May Refuse to Rule Turks FJARIS, May 24 (By The Associated ?*- Press). ? President Wilson has informed the council of four, it was reported, that the other members of the council should be prepared for the United States not to take a man? date for Constantinople or any part of Turkey, as a precaution in case Congress does not approve of a Turkish mandate. The reported stand of the Presi? dent has started two movements with relation to the Turkish problem. The first is to place Constantinople un? der an international commission in which all the great powers would have a voice. The second is based on the assumption that: if the rivalries among the great powers make it in? expedient for Great Britain, France or Italy to take the mandate to in? trust it to Greece. Burleson Out Soon, New Yorkers Told Will Be New Postmaster General, Tumulty Is Quoted as Promising According to members of a delega? tion of New York farmers who.on Mon? day last called on Secretary Joseph P. Tumulty at the White House, Postmas? ter General Burleson's tenure of office will end shortly after Prepident Wil? son's return from Paris. Senators Wadsworth and Calder, all of the upstate Republican Representa? tives, S. J. Lowell, of the New York State Grange, and a delegation from farmer organizations called on Post? master Burleson to protest against the breakdown of the rural free delivery system in the country districts of this state. After the call on Mr. Burleson, who made glowing promises, some of tho farmers went to the White House and laid their grievances before Sec? retary Tumulty. "Instead of defending Mr. Burleson, Mr. Tumulty sided with the farmers," said one of the delegates yesterday at the Republican Club. "Secretary Tum? ulty said he had no doubt the charges against the Postoflice Department were true In tho main. He said Postmaster BurlcBon's administration had done more to discredit President Wilson than any other thing. He intimated that as soon as President Wilson re? turned Mr. Burleson would be askeo t? retire." - Turkey Wiped Out as Empire By Peace Plan Territory Will Be Carved Into Five or Six Por? tions, Each To Be Admin? istered by Allied Nation By Frederick Moore New York Tribune Special Cable Service (Copyright, 1319, New York Tribune Inc.) PARIS, May 24.?After the arduous labors of various commissions and the council of four, extending over many weeks, the fate of Turkey is now virt? ually decided, with the exception of possible American mandates. The em ; pire will be carved into five, and pos j sibly six, parts, depending on whether j the Americans administer any. Nc j part will remain independent. Thus, the Turkish Empire will be to ! tally destroyed as a sovereign state ' Mesopotamia and Palestine will pass i under British rule; Syria under th? (French; the Asia Minor coast, where the population is predominantly Greek under Greece. Armenia's future is in definite, for Italy may trade off hei claims for other considerations. President Wilson ia again going | against the experts on the Near East He recently showed an inclination t( accept the British proposal to permi the Sultan to remain in Constantinople Professor Westerman and other Ameri can experts advising that the Sultai 1 be put off into Brasa or Konia. The difficulty of settling the Con stantinople regions has been largel; I due to the inability of the Sresident t> ' pledge America to a mandate, but | new idea offered to-day may solve th ?difficult problem according to what ha j always been understood to be the de sire of the President and Colonel Hons ?that America control the famou straits and the capital for the benefi of European peace and the interests c the Near Eastern peoples. The new proposal is that an Amer i can governor general and American at ministratofs be appointed immediatel; i to be responsible directly to the leagt) j of nations, thus requiring no mandat j the Senate being left free to assume j mandate later. The American delegi tion is considering also Mr. Morgei I Continued on next pag? Entire Navv Must Be Surrendered as Well as Military Stores and Plants Big Economic Curb Planned Plenary Session to Consider Austrian Terms on Tuesday Hindenburg Asks Swiss To Give Him a Haven /GENEVA, May 24 (By The Asso ^-^ ciated Press).?Field Marshal von Hindenburg formally appealed to the Swiss government yesterday asking permission to reside in Switzerland as a simple citizen. The field marshal, who recently bought a villa on the shores of Lake Constance, added that he had had only fourteen days' holiday since the war began. The Swiss authorities are some? what embarrassed, as it is known that von Hindenburg is a monarch? ist and also an intriguer and may use this neutral country as a nu? cleus for further intrigues. It is learned, however, that when suf? ficient guarantees are given, per? mission for his residence will be granted. In the meantime, the Ger? mans continue their anti-Allied propaganda in Switzerland. | PARIS, May 24 (By The Associated I Press).?The council of four to-day j considered the military terms of the . Austrian treaty a3 framed by Marshal ? Foch, commander in chief of the Al? lied armies; General Diaz, supreme commander of the Italian army, and other military leaders. Austria's formidable army of upward of a mill ! ion men, which was second only to i that of Germany, is reduced by treaty | to 15,000 men; virtually all military ; supplies would be surrendered or de I stroyed and further military produc j tion abolished. The naval terms are similarly sweep j ing, all warships being surrendered I and Austria's position as a naval | power terminated. The council also considered the eco? nomic terms to be enforced against Austria, calling in experts on various | subjects. j It was announced to-night that the I Austrian treaty would Le considered j at a plenary session next Tuesday j and would be laid before the Austrian ' delegation probably on Wednesday. The American delegation has pre i pared ? memorandum showing the ' status of affairs before the peace con | ference on the conclusion of the Aus ; trian treaty. This discloses that a formidable ! amount of business is still to be trans j acted, besides the Turkish and Bul I garian treaties, covering the who!? ! range of interallied subjects. The memorandum runs through many ! pages, with scores of headings. It leaves no doubt that the conference will continue for a considerable time after the treaties have been signed and President Wilson has left, it be? ing expectee that the other American members will remain to consider mat? ters still requiring attention. Brockdorff Back In Paris, Smiling Count and Co-Envoys Return From Spa in a Happy Mood VERSAILLES, May 24.?(By Associ ated Press).?Count von Brockdorff Rantzau and the other members of the German peace delegation who went to Spa on Thursday, returned here this morning, with the exception of Dr. ; Theodor Melchoir, the financial expert. All the members of the party were j smiling and seemed in good spirits. The delegation alighted from the train at the Noisy-le-Roi station and | took automobiles then to Versailler. I Dr. Melchoir will return to-morrow | with the members of the German fia ; ancial commission. Conferred With Chancellor At Spa, the German delegates eon? ! ferred with Chancellor Scheidemann, j Mathias Erzhcrger, Bernhard Dernberg I and Count von Bernstorff. In the even? ing, Count von Brockdorff-Rantzau de j parted for Versailles and the members j of the German government started for Berlin. The indications thus far are that the ' Allied and associated powers are not yielding any material points in thd