New-York tribune. [volume], June 06, 1919, Page 9, Image 9

About New-York tribune. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1866-1924

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House Scarcity
Menace Feared
By Untermyer
gupremacy of New York
Over Other Cities in Dan
ger Unless Homes Are
Provitlrd, Lawyer Asserts
Reiterates Other Charges
Explains Letter Accusing
Insurance Companies of
W ithholriing Loan Fimcls
The supremacy of Xew York over
other growing cities is bring seriously
threatened by the acute housing situa?
tion here, Samuel Untermyer declared
yesterday at the opening session of the
jijquiry of the Aldermanic Welfare
Committee, the latest body to join in
the quest for a way out of the present
difficulties. The committee is working
in conjunction with the Mayor's Corn
'mittee on Rent I'rotiteering, whoso
chairman, Xathan Hirsch, presided.yes?
terday.
Mr. Untermyer stressed the vital
need of providing immediate remedies
by point i g oul the danger to the city's ,
now undisputed place in the fore of
the nation's municipalities. His two
hours on the stand were spent chiefly
in reiterating and amplifying the in?
formation contained in his letter to Mr.
Hirsch, made public on Wednesday.
Although nt the opening of his tes
timor.y the witness declared that his
attitude i xpressed in hia letter might
be mis aken an altack on tho in
? .: .: ce ct npai ;< s, hc proceeded again
.' i .' .1. .1 ged v iolat ions of tho
several of the largest of these
organizations. He also renewed his
ittack on so-called combinations of
dealers in building materials, who are
responsible, he said, for the present
abnormally high prices.
No (are for Workers
"Nothing is being done in this city
"T5 take care of the housing for work
:-gmcr. and their families," Mr. Unter?
myer said, after he had testitied.
'The city is not being made attractive
'o workers. They will go elsewhere,
vhere conditions are more favorable
rnd they can procuro adequate and
i roper housing facilities. This had be
tome a big, gripping problem and those
interested in the welfare of the city
ir.ust be ready to improve conditions."
Mr. Untermyer gave his host, Mr.
Hirsch, an unpleasant surprise when
he declared himself "entirely out of
sympathy with the crusade against rent
profiteers." Mr. Hirsch has been actively
pursuing a campaign of this kind in
..:= city, having taken up more than
er thousand cases. Mr. Untermyer
leclared that high rents are largely
lUe to the excess of demand over
supply.
He scouted the ostablishment of a
ystem of Federal home loans, declar
ing that the city would get at the most
$25,000,000, which he termed a "drop
n the bucket." Xew York's housing
. ^biem is peculiarly its own. he said.
Situation Worst in Nation
T imagine Nev. York City is the
' t?rst i ff of any community in the
intry in i hc w; y of housing condi
lons for the masses of its peopie," he
;aid, "beeause it has grown rapidly
and it is five years since we have done
any building of any consequence."
He said that the two deterrents to j
ituilding in this city are the inability j
t? borrow money and "tl ? exactions of j
riminal combinations among the build- ?
- ? rs." He declared that every build?
ing company should be investigated, ;
- that tl imilarity of prices
?? I by eacl would bring out the
xistenci o combii tion
Tb" I" > ? f laboi is not responsible
.or the :'.:_'. cost of building materials,
he said. He added that there is no
likelihood of a drop in wages, but a
substantial increase is probable. He
advocated a protective tariff to main
ta!n the wages of workmen at their
present standard.
"We will r.eed protection now more
than ever," he declared. "There is no
use shutting down immigration and
fetting in the product of foreign labor.
We are in for tremendous competition,
more than ever before. It will be the
Competition or' wretched, starving peo
Pie who are willing to work for any?
thing.
Foresees Protective Tariff
"I believe we are going to have a
Strong protective tariff, apart from
what is needed for revenue. The
itronger our protective tariff the more
necessary our home competition must
be kept up. I think that we have got
to prosecute every existing trust not
play with them as we have been doing
?but , ppi ?? : hem."
The V. ??.. - contended that there is
r'? ''?" ' investment in the world than
?' -' ? iered real estate in New
v'';': ' ?;?'? He said it is the safest
*'?'?' "?'?' which money can be put.
Ai an incentive to improve real estate
he luggested that all unimproved prop?
erty be assessed for twice as much as
developed iand.
\n '? criticism of the small nid to
building given by insurance companies,
Mr. Untermyer declared that fire in
lurance companies aie worse than life
??'? irance companies. The former, he
?W, make their profits entirely on im
Jroved real estate, and yet make no
?nort to help it. He cited one com?
pany which hai asiets of $30,000,000
- ?? but $2,100 invested in building.
Mr. Hirsch announced that the presi
RELIGIOU8 NOTICE8
"WHAT IS GOD?"
Subject of
DR. PERCY
STICKNEY
GRANT
| Sunday, June 8tb, at 11 A. M.
Church of the Ascension
Fifth Ave. & Tenth St., N. Y.
8f'FX;iAL NOTICK
HORLICK'S
*?? THI ORIGINAL
* ^ MALTEDMILK
dents of the large insurance companies
will be called upon to testify before
the committee next week.
Insurance Firms
Rebuke Untermyer
Insurance officials struck back at
Samuel Untermyer yesterday for his
attack on Wednesday, when he charged
the insurance companies with partial
responsibility for tbe serious housing
situation in the city. Mr. Untermyer,
in a letter to Xathan Hirsh, chairman
of the Mayor's Committee on Rent
Protiteering, asserted that the housing
difnculties are due in a measure to the
refusal of the insurance companies to
invest in loans on real estate. He said
they preferred to deal in stocks in?
stead.
Among those who replied to Mr.
Untermyer yesterday were Frederick
H. Keker, vice-president of the Metro
politan Insurance Company; Darwin 1'.
Kingsley, president of the Xew York
Life Insurance Company, and Charles
A. Peabody, president of the Mutual
Life Insurance Company.
All three contended that the insur?
ance companies are unable to Invest in
real estate mortgagos at this time be?
eause they have lent all their money
to the government on Liberty Loan and
Victory bonds. Mr. Kingsley said that
the insurance companies of Xew York
and Newark still owed the government
$75,000,000 on war bonds, the Xew York
Life alone being in debt to the extent
of $15,000,000 to the government.
In a letter sent to Mr. Untermyer
yesterday, Mr. Ecker said in part:
"Since April 1,1917, the Motropolitan
Life Insurance Company subscribed to
United States government loans and
war loans issued by the Dominion of
Canada $140,000,000, These subscrip
tions were not materially cut down
except our last subscription of $30.
000,000 to the Victory Liberty Loan,
which was cut in half.
"Not only did the life insurance
companies devote their available in?
vestment funds to the purchase of gov?
ernment securities, but most. of them
pledged their credit to enlarge their
subscriptions. The Metrop"litan Life
Insurance Company found it necessary
to bcrrow $33,500,000 to enable it to
make its subscription of $00,000,000
to tho fourth Liberty Loan, and has
still outstanding $22,500,000 bn ac
count of such obligation. which should
be paid before considcring other in?
vestment,
"If it be true the practice of loan
ing on real estate was abandoned, it
was for the purpose of responding to
a greater necessity.
"In order that the government might
immediately have the benefit of accu
mulating funds of this company for
war purposes, purchases of United
States Treasury certificates of in
debtedness were made as issued to the ?
amount of $32,000,000, which were in
due course applied to payments of
bonds subsequently issued.
"It is a strange criticism to make of
the management of an insurance com?
pany that it refrained from invest ing
money upon most favorable terms dur?
ing a time when the demand was such
that high rates were readily obtainable
and all available funds, enlarged
through pledging the credit of tlie cor?
porations, were placed at low rates
of interest at the government's service.
"Notwithstanding our still having1
outstanding obligations incurred to
purchase government bonds to the I
amount of $22,500,000, this company I
has been making a serious effort to
find a way of assisting the housing
situation. As a practical matter we
have agreed to make some loans on
properties designed to relieve the cx
isting situation.
"It is plain to see from the record
why the Metropolltan Life Insurance
Company's investment in bonds has
grown out of proportion to its invest?
ment secured by mortgage on real es?
tate.
"As to your comment on the invest?
ment in stocks, it may be of passing
interest to note that, with the excep?
tion of those acquired in lieu of bond
investments, this company's holdings in
stocks are of a total par value of about
$3,000,000 out of total assets of well
over $800,000,000."
Mr. Kingsley said:
"The life insurance companies in
New York nnd Newark probably owe,
at the present time $75,000,000 in Lib?
erty Bonds and Victory Notes. They
did not have money to pay for them
when they bought them. They have
been laboring under this situation ever
since the Fourth Liberty Loan. This
company alone bid for $110,000,000 of
Liberty Bonds. We bought $'.10,000,000
worth, on which we still owe $15,
000,000. When that is the situation
and the. companies are in debt there
may be some other way by which they
get money for other investments, but
1 do not know of any such way. All
the companies have invested a good
deal more than their net income in
government bonds, and this company
has taken just enough farm mortgages
in thc South and in the West to keep
its organization alive. We have more
loans >n real (state in Greater New
York than we have loans all over the
rest of the world. We have $80,000,000
invested in real estate mortgages, more
than one-half of our total mortgaged
loans."
Mr. Peabody agreed with Mr. Kings
ley. He said:
"The reason we are not investing in
real estate mortgage loans is because
we have no money. We lenl our money
to the government and we can't make
the same money go tvice."
Evict ion of Families
For Park Denounced
Cont roller Craig Calls Sinurestion
nf Commissioner Par man
Inhuman: Hylan ls Rouscil
"Inhuman" was the characterization
applied by Controller Craig at yester?
day's meeting of the Sinking Fund
Commission to a proposal of Park Com?
missioner Harman, of Brooklyn. to
evict 225 poor families from tenement.
houses owned by tho city to make way
for a park. Mayor Hylan backed up
Commissioner Harman. It developed
that these families, saved from evic?
tion by the controller, pay as lew
as $9 a month rent.
Before the commission met, the
Mayor and other members of the body
were in possession of a report signed
by the controller declaring that Com?
missioner Harman's proposal to tear
down the dwelling places in question.
which are on the block bounded by
Johnson Avenue, Boerum, Lorimer and
Leonard streets, "would be little short
of a public scandal."
Nevertheless, (!omm issioner Harman
asked that the Sinking- Fund Commis?
sion permil him to raze the buildings.
He said he was informed the tenants,
when cvicted, could lind other quarters
in the neighborhood at about the same
rentals.
"What. action would you have this
commission take on your proposal?"
asked Robert L, Moran, president of
the Board of Aldermen.
"(live me permission to tear thc
buildings down with the understand
ing that 1 shall not evict families un?
til they have found other quarters,"
said Commissioner Harman.
"My answer to that is that I will
get every family apartments at once,"
volunteered Nat Ferber, who accom
panied the Park Commissioner.
"This is not a matter to be strad
dled!" exclaimed Controller Craig. "I
say that it is inhuman at this time to
make these people move unless you
can show where they can find accom?
modations. lt is an inhuman act to
ask the Sinking Fund to oust these
people."
"There is no man in the city ad?
ministration more in sympathy with
the people of the city than Park Com
missioner Harman." said the Mayor.
"I know that the commissioner has no
desire to dispossess the people unless
they can find other apartments. We
all know that there are human be
ings there, and I know that it was
never the intention of tho Park Com?
missioner to throw these people into
the street."
The discussion ended with the mat?
ter b.eir.g laid over for two weeks.
''<//
V/to a//-tjoar-round soft drlnk
built Bevos $*eat plant?
the most perfect industrial equipment in the world.
Scientifically lighted and vontilatod.and provided
with every humaniiarian device possible for tlie
protection of the health And safety of its thousands
of employes. Electrically operated. ^ ?
Capacity 2 million hotties daily
ANHEUSER-BUSCH
ST.LOUIS
5B
^lsifprs-taSt.'Lcniii areitnvitoa^^
toimpoct this ltiammoth hisiitution.
Hylan Accused by
Citizens Union of
More Favoritism
His Chauffeur Still Paid as
Confidential Investigator
in Police Department,
Is the Latest Charge
Further charges of favoritism were
made yesterday against Mayor Hylan.
The charrres are contained in an article
which will appear in tho forthcoming
number of "The Searchlight," the or
gan of thc Citizens Union. The story
reads:
"Ihe police commissioner and the
Police Department's Bomb Squad,
which he has apparently restored after
abolishing it in spite of its excellent
record for catching dynamiters, may
or may not believe that the squad's
detectivc talent will be increased by
the Mayor's detail of his brother-in-law
and bodyguard to a place on the squad.
lf, however, Mayor Hylan is disposed
m the public interest to break up the
coterie of personal retainers who con
stitute his official entourage he will
permjt the police commissioner to iill
the position of confidential investigator
ni thc Police Department by the ap
pointment of some one who can and
will do the work for which that posi?
tion was created.
in the Exompt Class
"The position, which is in tho ex?
ompt class of the civil service, is now
filled by Joseph W. Eppse, who, be?
fore Mr. Hylan's election as mayor,
drove his little Dodge car and was his
handy man about the house. Mr. Eppse
was appointed early in February, ittlS,
when it was announced by Commis?
sioner Enright that Mr. Eppse 'is to
investigate complaints that are sent
to the mayor and transmitted by him
to the commissioner.' In fact, how?
ever, except for a short. period im?
mediately following his appointment,
which was spent in a tour of inspec
tion of the police department. motor
vehicles, Mr. Eppse has been acting as
the mayor's chauffeur, driving his
Packard touring car and Packard
limousine?all thc while holding the
title and position of confidential in?
vestigator in the police department.
"As chauffeur to his honor the
Mayor, Mr. Eppse has been an im?
portant; personage, privileged to pur?
chase auto supplies for the Mayor's
car where he chose at Police Depart?
ment expense without prccedent offi?
cial order, and at prices substantially
in excess of those customarily paid
by the Police Department for similar
goods for its own automobiles.
What Mayor Said?and Did
"When the budget for this year was
in preparation it was discovered that
a new position of chauffeur was to be
provided for the Mayor's office. At
the time tlie Mayor stated publicly:
"'Why not honestly and properly
have a chauffeur attached to the office
in the open one who is trained to do
this work instead of taking a police?
man off post for that purpose.'
"The title of the newly created posi?
tion was afterwards changed to
'chauffeur-attendant,' but Mr. Eppse,
confidential investigator in the Police
Department, has continued to act and
still acts as the Mayor's chauffeur, and
the position of chauffeur-attendant in
the Mayor's office has never been filled.
"The position of confidential investi?
gator in the Police Department was
created by former Commissioner
Woods for tho purpose of having ap
plications for police pensions investi?
gator by a civilian who would not be
subject to influence by the 'system'
in tho course of his work. To provide
an exempt position to which Mr. Eppse
might be appointed, Commissioner En?
right got rid of the confidential investi?
gator who was examining pension ap
plications, leaving those matters for
the attention of Lieutenant Zanes, one
of the recently made captains, a
colleague of Commissioner Enringht
among the officials of the Police Lieu
tenant's Association."
Ford Tries to Prove
Business Interest
Inspired Editorial
Effort Is Made in S 1.000,000
Libel Suit to Show Malice |
on Part of "Chicago Trib?
une," Due to Rivalry
Sprcial Corrcspondrr.ee
MOUXT CLEMENS, Mich., June 5.?
Efforts were made by the plaintiff to- j
day in the Ford libel suit against "The j
Chicago Tribune" to substantiate the
charges of private^ interests and pro- j
German lcanings on the part of the I
"Tribune" as an incentise in its Mexi
can poliey and a ground of malice to- ,
ward Ford. It was also sought to be I
shown that Henry Ford's embarkation (
in the farm tractor business, in which i
the International Harvester Company j
had made some advance in 1916, might
furnish a motive for seeking to sup
press Ford or destroy his efficiency as
an opponent of armed invasion of Mexi?
can territory, with the alleged object
of conquest.
To this end several depositions were I
introduced by Mr. Ford's counsel. One
was from Milton M. Eames, assistant
secretary of the Standard Oil Com- '
pany of Xew Jersey, stating that Mrs.
Edith Rockefeller McCormick, wife of
Harold McCormick and a daughter of
John D. Rockefeller, owned 1,130
shares of Standard Oil stock in 191*5,
and that Mrs. Ruth Hanna Patterson, i
wife of Josenh Medill McCormick and I
daughter of thi' late Senator Mark
Hanna, owned twenty shares. The
total capital stock was given at 983,- i
383 shares, of which John D. Rocke
feller, the heaviest holder, had 2-14,345. I
The Standard Oil Company of Xew
Jersey, in 1916, obtained one-tifth of :
its supply from Mexico. Mrs. Edith I
McCormick, it was stated in a deposi
tion by her husband, Harold McCor
mick, was in Switzerland at the time
mentioned, while Harold McCormick ;
testified that he had scarcely met his
second eousin and had never discussed
newspaper policies with him.
Judge Tucker expressed the opinion j
that the relationship either by blood ;
of the "Tribune" and the McCormicks
of the "Tribune," and the McCormicks
of the Harvester Company, was so re- |
mote that it gave only dubious indi
cations of having affected the news?
paper poliey.
100,000 Sunday School
Children in Parade
There Were 25 Divisions, and |
Some of Them Were Reviewed
by Governor and Mayor
Approximately 100.000 children par
ticipated yesterday in the ninetieth j
anniversary day turnout of the Brook?
lyn Sunday School Union. Governor
Smith, former Ambassador James W.
Gerard and other prominent citizens
reviewed several of the twenty-five
parades.
Just before the processiona started
the red striped canvas cover for the
official reviewing stand in tho long
meadow of Prospect Park was stolen.
John Peterson, aged eighteen, of 1007
Bergen Street, was arrested, and the
canvas recovered in time to be restored
and thereby save the Governor and
Mayor Hylan from standing in the
sun.
The parade began at 2 p. m., and
there were processions starting hourly
until 7.
Before the first parade Governor
Smith, Mr. Gerard. the Mayor and
others were the guests of the Sunday
School Union at a reception and lunch?
eon at the Montauk Club.
There were 3.500 children in the
Greenpoint division, 5,000 representing
twenty-one Sunday schools in the East?
ern District parade, and 8,000 in East
New York and Cypress Hills.
W. S. Hueston was chief marshal.
His assistants were John A. Roy, John
Lange and F. M. Foote. In the review
mg stand at Prospect Park with the
Governor were Mrs. Smith, Francis
Hugo, Secretary of State. and -Mrs
Hugo; State Controller and Mrs.
Travis, United States Senator and Mrs.
Calder. Mr. Gerard and Abram I.
Elkus, former Ambassador to Turkey.
??-?--?
High Court Holds
Lamar and Martin
Guilty in War Plot
"Wolf of Wall Street*' Had
Been Convicted of Con
spiracy to Halt Munitions
Shipments to the Entente
-,
The United States Circuit Court yes?
terday affirmed the conviction of David
Lamar, "The Wolf of Wall Street," who
was convicted two years ago of con
spiring to obstruct shipment of muni?
tions to the Allies by fomenting strikes
in this country. The conviction of
Henry B. Martin, of Labor's Xationa!
Peace Council, as a co-conspirator, also
was affirrmed. The decision means
that these men must serve terms of a
year each in the Mercer County, X. J.,
pentitentiary.
The men were tried and convicted
on an indictment which charged that
they conspired with Captain Hans von
Rintelen, of the Imperial German
Army, to bribe officers of labor organ?
izations to obstruct the transportation
of munitions to the Entente Allies by
causing strikes. lt developed at the
trial that von Rintelen had been fur
nished with a fund of $500,000 by Ger?
many to carry on his work of obstruc
tion. This was before the United
States entered the war.
At the time Lamar was convicted he
was serving a term at the Federal pen
itentiary at Atlanta, Ga., for imperson
ating Attorney General Palmer, who
was then a Representative from Penn
sylvana, in an attempt to defraud
the United States Steel Corporation
and the firm of J. P. Morgan on large
contracts. At both his trials Lamar
insisted he wns a pacifist and that he
never conspired to violate the neu?
trality laws of the United States. The
testimony, however, uientitied him as
one of von Rentelen's hief aids, and
the jury, after considering the case
for fifteen minutes, returned a verdict
of guilty.
The "Wolf" may appeal to the United
States Supreme Court.
Prof. Garner Back
From Congo With
Monkev Love Talk
Messages Between Jungle
Denizens Are Recorded i
on Phonograph Disks, To
Be Translated at Leisure
Imitations of Simian love calls fresh
from the fronded solitude of the '
French Congo were brought to these
shores yesterday by Professor Richard
L. Garner, the naturalist. who was a
passenger on the French liner Chicago
from Havre. He does not care what
becomes of them, even if they drift
into vaudeville or serve as a theme for
popular songs, so long as the two tons
of monkev hides he brought with him
are landed safely at the Smithsonian
Institution, in Washington, under the
auspjces of which he plunged into the
African jungle in December, 1915.
Some ten years ago Professor Gar?
ner came back from Africa with a
female chimpanzee that understood him
and loved him; a small Titian-haired
jungle beatity who could spell her name
and his name by the aid of children's
blocks and put together by the same
means any sum of figures he chose to
give her. This time he brought no
live specimen, but an abundance of
pelts that will be mounted for inspec
tion in Washington.
This time Mr. Garner beard an
abundance af talk, which he recorded
on phonograph discs and brought them
home for study and translation. He
recorded much of the Simian billings
gate, but the love talk of newly wedded
apes, gorillas and chimpanzees inter
ested him most.
By way of illustration Professor Gar?
ner told of what he heard on a moon
light night in a little clearing by a
water hole near the densesf patch of a
monkey resort on the Congo.
A greaf creature, mighty like a goril
la, swung his way out of the thicket,
surveyed the trysting place and gently
called "Hoo-hoo." i which means "are
you there kid?") Thrice he repeated
this and presently came tlie answer
from the lady ape or chimp saving
"Hoo-hoo." Sho did not come out into
the clearing for a while. but jibbered
within her green boudoir some other
talk which has not yet been definitely
translated. Her first answer so softly
given, the professor definitely recorded
as "I'm here, love."
The naturalist, who does no; believe
the missing link exists, brought back,
a specimen which he believes is ihe
closest approach to man that has yet
been given to civilization. lt is thought
to be a cross between gorilla and chim?
panzee or gorilla and baboon.
Held on N. Y. Banker'g
Charge of Forgen
Max CJiinang Arrested in Sl
Lowie on Complaint of
William Bernard
Special Correspondenea
ST. LOUIS, June 5.?Max Chinang
forty-six years old, who styles himsel
Count Max Lynar-Loudon. and wh
says he is of the German nobility an
has a castle on the Rhine, was ar
rested to-day in the office of the West
em Union Telegraph Company on in
formation from Xew York, where it i
said a warrent sworn to by Williar
Bernard. banker, charging him with
$10,000 forgery, has been issued.
The Xew York police wired the S
Louis department several days ag
to arrest Chinang, whom they ha
traced here by means of telegrams h
had senf to n-'.atives in Poughkeepsit
Chinang told the police he had mc
Bernard, who is a director of the Ir\
ing National Bank, through other Ne<
York business men. He said he ir
terested him in the establishment c
the Tonga Trading Company. whic
he organized and which intended doin
business in the Orient.
Chinany denied that he had gotte
any money from Bernard.
Boy Scouts
of America
Mass Meeting
and Concert
Sunday, June 8. at 8 P. M.
The Hippodrome
OPENING OF
Boy Scout Week
(June 8th to 14th)
HON2 WM. >: M'ADOO
MA.li ?!; i ;i.X ,1i iHN K O'RYAN
REV. FATHER FRANCIS P IMKjrr
("HAPDAI ^ OE THE Ol D 69TH
R \?'';: ? ' 'S MH KRMAX.
POLICE HAND -100
P( 'I.i' 'E (.LEE CLL'K ton.
BIC3 THEATR1CAL PROGRAMME
WM li EDWARDS. CH URMAN.
ADMISSION FREE.
Swift & Company has become one of
the large businesses of the world through
continuing to meet the growing needs of
a nation and a world.
Society has a right to ask how the
increasing responsibilities and opportu?
nities for usefulness which go with such
growth are being used by the men who
direct its affairs?and the men have the
right to answer:
To promote the production of live stock and
perishables and increase the food supply;
To reach more peopie with more and better
meat;
To make a fair competitive profit, in order to
reimburse the 25,000 shareholders for the
use of their capital, and to provide for the
future development of the business;
To reduce to a minimum the costs of preparing
and distributing meat and to divide the
benefits of efnciency with producer and
consumer;
To live and let live, winning greater business
only through greater usefulness, with injury
to nothing but incompetency, inefficiency,
and waste; to deal justly, fairly, and frankly
with all mankind.
These are the purposes and motives of the men who
direct the policies and practices of Swift & Company.
Swift & Company, U. S. A.
Seventeen Wholesale Distributing Markets in Greater New York
Central Office, 32 Tenth Avenue
G. J. Edwards, District Manager