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(laillaux Placed On Trial Before French Senate KoriurT Premier Is Charged With Conspiracy Against His Country in Time of War; Penalty Is Death Hearing May Last Months Oefffidant, Immaculately Attired in New Suit, Ap? pears in Best of Health PARI?. Feb. 17.?Joseph Caillaux, /orTner Premier of France, was placed ?n tral to-day before the Senate, sitting ,j a High Court, charged with conspir ?fv ?gain?t hi? country in time of war. The trial opened at 2:40 o'clock in the afternoon. The accused man entered Af chamber accompanied by three police officers. The roll call of the court was at or?e taken up. There was a large attend? ance, very few of the Senators being absent. M. ('aillaux, immaculately attired, his clothing obviously new, seemed in the best of health. Ho wore a slightly bored iook while listening to the read? er of the warrant by Leon Bourgeois. Prestiet't of the Senate, which formally oprr.n? the trial. Outside the Senate chamber great crowds gathered to watch the arrival ?J ?-, Senators, the defendant and the micas officials concerned in the prose A strong contrast was afforded between the children and the mid ? ??-??-, clad in the multicolored rai? men! of the Mardi Gras, chatting and joking through their fancy masks, and the sober garb and serious demeanor of the Senators as they passed silently into the chamber. Th? reading of the act of accusation by Theodore Lescouve, the prosecutor, occupied the court until the late after? noon. At the conclusion of the read? ing the court adjourned until Friday, when the examination of M. Caillaux begun. The adjournment oyer iw and Thursday was necessi ;>ted by the fact that Senators are to f-'?nd the ceremony of the inaugura ton of President Deschanel to-morrow ? the day following will sit to ? :-e Presidential message. .;x. is accused of "having plotted against the external security oi th( s:a*.e by maneuvers, machina d intelligence with the enemy, ? ; to favor the latter's enter? prise: against France and her Allies." Article 79 of the penal mi-iitary code conviction of such an otfense '? pon tile with death. The Senate ?s expected to sit as the ? high court for only three days each ek, the other days being employed; discharge of routine business. ' trial, therefore, is expected to last ? en two and three months. M.Les ili conduct the case for the - ? . assisted by M. Regnault and Mornet, who prosecuted Bolo M. Lenoir and M. Duval, who ed for treason. Caillaux will i nded by M. D?mange, who was for Captain Dreyfuss. Depu rog atferi and Moutet will act li . .?i.-.-s t \ Havana Line Files Libel For Recovery of Vessel Owners Allege Bethlehem Com? pany Charged Excessively for Repairs on City of Miami BOSTON, Feb. 17.?The Havana p Corporation, owners of the City of Miami, filed a libel in eral District Court to-day ask an order to restrain the Beth Ichem Shipbuilding Corporation from g with the sailing of the stea From the Fore River plant of the B< (hem corporation at Quincy. Th . be) cays that the City of Miami was ? nt to the Fore River plant on December 6 last to be rebuilt for serv? er between Florida and Cuba, and thai ? uas agreed that labor, service ?nd material were to be supplied on the basis of days' work. The work, " ,: 'ticluded the installation of a mod i bar, was complete on rebruary a trial trip was held, 'uary, the libel says, the hull ' on department at Fore ? an estimate that the cost Iding would not exceed $300. February, it is further al - ; e estimate was raised to $425, :he owners were, informed that p would not bo ailowed tv leave er until $370,000 was paid in tas] i an arrangement made for ' of the balance within sixty day?!. H e owners regard the price as exces ' -? ai : assert that their offer to fur? nish a bond for $425,000 pending in? vestigation of the reasonableness of tie claim had been refused. Admiral Benson Selected To Head Shipping Board Nomination Will Be Sent to the Senate When Chairman Payne Winds Up His Affairs WASHINGTON, Feb. 17.--Admiral R'lliam S. Benson, chief of naval op? erations during the war and now on jj.e retired list, has been selected by 'r?sident Wilson to succeed John Bar? ton Payti? as a member of the Ship P"!g B-ard. Admiral Benson's nomination will not be sent to the Senate until Chair n?*? Payne winds up several pressing wattrrp now before the board before jaking over the office of Secretary of ?h^Interior in succession to Franklin March 1. It was said at the White House that thiB probably would take about a month. Admiral Benson was born in Mac?n, Ga., in 1855. He entered the navy as an ehsign in 1881. ?\*r two years prior to his appointment in 1915 as chief of naval operations, the highest post in the navy, he was commandant j of the Philadelphia Navy Yard. Dur? ing the war Admiral Benson was activo in the overseas operations of the navy. For his services he was decorated by the Pope with the Grand Cross of St. Gregory the Great, Military Class. He retired from the navy last September. Gompers Calls for Help From U. S. for Russians Don't Turn Backs on Nation Because of Present Condi? tions, He Says "This is not the time for Americans to turn their backs on Russia because of opposition to present conditions there," said Samuel Gompers, presi? dent of "the American Federation of Labor, In a statement made public yesterday by the American Central Committee for Russian Relief. "There is need for those of us who live where free institutions have been established," said Mr. Gompers, "to hold out a helping hand to the people of Russia in their present plight. "First of all, Russia needs that which will help establish her as a go? ing machine, industries which supply the basic needs of her people. I am glad to indorse an appeal to all Amer? icans to help Russia rehabilitate her | industrial life, and thus give her peo ; pie the opportunity whereby they may I turn their attention to the life giving I processes of production." Americans Escape Death in Terrors Of Asiatic Turkey Score of Relief Workers Who Were Hemmed In by Hostile Tribes at Marash Are Believed To Be Safe CONSTANTINOPLE, Feb. 17 f.By The Associated Press) ? A message dated i February 13 received yesterday by the American Committee for Relief in the i Near East here from its office at Adana, ; Asiatic Turkey, is construed to mean : that about twenty American relief workers at Marash, northeast of Adana, whose lives have been believed en? dangered in a reign of terror in pro? gress there since January 21, have es? caped. The last direct word from them was on February 1, when their food supplies were short and the Christian refugees were in a state of panic. The message to-day said: "Information is that the personnel of 2.000 refugees retired to Ishlahie with Colonel Normand. There was extreme destitution and many were sick or wounded. There is no information from Aintab or Hedjin. The situatipn is serious." Some of Party Identified Major David G. Arnold, of Provi? dence, R. I., managing director of the American Commission for Relief in the Near East, said that there were ten American relief workers and six Amer? ican missionaries at the headquarters *^5f the American Board College at Marash. The relief workers, he said, were Dr. M. C. Wilson and wife, of Boonshill, Tenn.; Dr. Mabel C. Elli? ott, of Benton Harbor, Mich.; Mabel H. Power, of North Hero, Vt.; Helen Shultz, of Reading, Pa.; Minnie E. Dougherty, of Holyoke, Mass.; Frances S. Buckley, of Cape Vincent, N. Y.; Paul V. Snyder, of Plainview, Tex.; Evelyn .Trostle, of McPherson, Kan., and Stanley E. Kerr, of Darby, Pa. j The missionaries, all of whom are i under the American Board of Missions, j of 14 Beacon Street, Boston, are James :, K. Lyman, Ellen O. Blakeley, Bessie ' Hardy, Agnes Salmond, Inez Lied and I Kate E. Ainslee. Hamilton!? Forget Tiff Both Absent When Court Calls Abandonment Case Neither complainant nor defendant | was in court yesterday when Magis ! trate Conway in Flushing called the ! case of Arthur Gould Hamilton, ' charged with abandonment by Mrs. I : Emilita Hamilton. The court clerk said | he had been informed that the Hamil 1 tons had become reconciled. Hamilton, said to be a cousin of Mrs. George J. Gould, met his wife in Paris last July, when he was serving | ?as anv interpreter at the peace confer? ence. She was Miss Emilita De Ruiz Moros, daughter of a rich Spanish '? family residing in Paris. ? Britain Has Eye on "Rods'' LONDON. Feb. 17- The Heme Se? I retary, Edward Shortt, stated in the ; House of Commons to-day that the ! activities of Bolshevist agents in this | country were receiving careful atten- ? j tion, but he did not think it in the i public interest to publish particulars. . ? This was in reply to the question as ! I to vihether his attention had been i called to the fact that the underground i activities of Bolshevist agents here had , greatly increased of late, whether the i police'had recently seized large quan 1 tities of propaganda and if any news ! papers and British subjects were be I ing subsidized by soviet money. $2.141,713 for West Point WASHINGTON, Feb. 17.?The House I to-day passed the West Point Military ! Academy appropriation bill, carrying ? $2,141,713. Under the bill those serv ; ing in.the army for more than a year ' may b'e admitted to the academy for the" full course, if between the ages ' of seventeen and twenty-four years. ! ! $25 REWARD ? We will pay $25 for information leading to the arrest and conviction of any i person stealing or receiving stolen raw | silk, or silk, goods and other textiles. j Telephone, telegraph, write or call I MISSING PROPERTY BUREAU The Silk Association of America 354 Fourth Avenue at Twenty-Sixth Street New York City | Telephone, Night Telephone, | Madison Square 8983. Patereon 1510. j ^?? _,_ ~" Martens Urges Force if Riding Classes Resist "They Always Do," Adds So viet Agent, Who Tells Sen? ate Inquiry Majority Has Right to Do as It Wishes Purpose Here Challenged Declines to Give Up Code and Courier List; Secret? ed Papers in New York WASHINGTON. Feb. 17.?Ludwig C A. K. Martens, Russian Soviet repre? sentative in the United States, war started to-day on what promises to b< a long cross-examination as to th< purpose for which he came to thi: country and as to the attitude of thosi he represents toward the United States In behalf of the Senate Foreign Re lations investigating sub-committee Wade H. Ellis, counsel, pushed a lin of questioning which was taken to in volve challenge of Martens's oft re peated statement that he has no pur pose here but to secure recognition o the soviet government and to opei trade. Reading from the Russian Sovie constitution and from articles b Bucharin, intimated now to be Assist ant Commissar for Foreign Affairs o the Soviet, Mr. Ellis sought to dra* Martens into admission that the Rus sian idea called for constant r?volu tionary activities of its adherents an representatives and for attack on a other constituted authorities in th world. Adjournment for the day cu off further inquiry along this line. Two Houses Deny Seeking Order Chairman Moses presented protest from the Packard Motor Car Compan and the Westinghouse Electric Con pany against Martens's assertions thi they had sought to trade through hii with Russia. Martens conceded it ws possible that they had been merel solicited to sell goods and had n< sought orders. Martens read a letter he wrote tl State Department formally demandir possession of $28,000,000 worth of rai way equipment bought in the Unit? States by the former r?gime in Russi to which he has received no respons "Are you now prepared to subm to the committee all your instruction secret or otherwise, from the Sovi government?" was asked by Mr. Ell: "No," Martens answered. "I am wil ing to give everything that I can su mit, but I cannot give my codes, nam of my couriers and so forth." "Isn't it a fact that part of yo* correspondence has been destroyed Mr. Ellis continued. Harassed Here, Martens Complains "No; but I was so much harassed New York," Martens replied, "th parts of it were concealed in sa places by my friends." "Who is Bucharin?" Mr. Ellis ask? "He is editor of 'La Pravda,' a Ru sian newspaper." "That's an official organ of your go ernment, isn't it?" "No, of the Communist party." "And Bucharin has been Assista Commissar of Foreign Affairs for t Soviet?" Martens said he did not know th "Did you see dispatches in the moi ? -?? ins papera concerning a message signed by Bucharin, seized in England, urging in inflammatory language revolution in the United States?" Mr. Ellis asked. "Yes," Martens?Baid. "I only saw it there, however." Bucharin was in the United States for three months from December,'1917, Martens added. Mr. Ellis read an article in "The Rev? olutionary World," a New York publica? tion, which he credited to Bucharin and in which was urged "dictatorship of the proletariat" and a rebellion of "the working class, who can gain nothing by soft words." "Do you indorse those opinions?" Mr. Ellis asked. "I can't answer that," Martens said, and his attorney, former Senator Hard wick, of Georgia, asked if the commit? tee was "investigating politicul opinion." "It seems to me the establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat is a very practical proposition," Chairman Moses ruled, "and how far your client is associated with that proposal." "Do you believe in the dictatorship of the proletariat?" Mr. Ellis continued. "Certainly," Martens replied. "I be? lieve the Soviet form of government is the best, and if the great mass of the people are in favor of it they have the right to use force against minori? ties if they resist. The ruling classes always resist." "You don't think the proletariat has a right to use revolutionary force un? less it is in the majority?" Mr. Ellis asked. "The proletariat is always in the majority," said Martens. Ellis read an alleged statement of Leon Trotzky crediting him with urg? ing his Russian associates in this coun? try to stay here and conduct a revolu? tion. This, Martens said, was a "dirty lie, like lots of others." Mr. Ellis referred to Martens's testi I mony thnt he was not engaged in prop? aganda against the United States, but merely seeking resumption of trade and Soviet recognition. "Do you know where the money comes from which you propose to spend here?" Mr. Ellis asked. "From the Russian people," Martens answered. Questioned as to the taking over of land in Russia, Martens finally said: "If you want to prove that property was taken in Russia, I will state that the Russian people, who were formerly slaves, have confiscated the land and livestock and buildings for themselves. "They took over the banks, but not the deposits. The depositors had the right to draw out their money." Seizure of all Russian newspapers was because "it is only by this means that you can have a free press," he. said. Mr. Ellis read declarations of prin? ciples from the Soviet constitution for the disarming of all classes of the pop? ulation except the workers and the "poorest peasants." "Trotzky is attending to that," Mar? tens observed, "disarming the bourge? oisie by fighting Kolchak, Denikin and the rest. That's civil war." ? Reilly Named for Bench War Veteran Appointed Justice of New York City Court ALBANY, Feb. 1?.?Governor Smith to-day appointed Major Thomas T. Reilly as a justice of the City Court of New York to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Richard H. Smith. Major Reilly was the Democratic candidate for City Court justice at the last election, but was defeated. He had been indorsed by the state and New York and Bronx County Bar As? sociations. He is a graduate of -he New York Law School end was ad? mitted to the bar in 1908. He was a member of the Assembly in 1915 from the l?th New York District. He saw service on the Mexican border with tho 69th Regiment of New York in 1916 and 1917, and from April, 1917, to December. 1918, he was with the 165th Infantry, 42d Division, A. E. F. He was wounded in action in France and awarded a Dis? tinguished Service Cross. Hillquit Is Witness for Ousted Five 'nntlnnrd trrnm part? 1 Chairman Martin, shaking his head deprecatingly. "Wait until I get through," shouted Cuvillier. "This is very important to the committee." "I do not consider It important at all, said Chairman Martin. Ignoring the chairman's ruling, Cuvillier shot this at the witness: Knew Trotzky and L?nine "Now, after L?nine was there and went back to Russia the Russian army deteriorated?had a revolt?and the consequence was that the Soviet gov? ernment made a treaty with Germany, releasing the million German troops who were sent on to the Western front, causing the United States to send .'1,000,000 men in four months to the Western front." "Your sentiment," replied Hillquit, "is right, but your history is rotten." "They are facts, not history," per? sisted Cuvillier. Chairman Martin, barely tapping the desk with his gavel, looked at Cuvillier and said: "That part of the historical situa? tion, so far as Germany and Russia are concerned, I shall exclude." With Cuvillier still protesting he was right, the examination of Hillquit was resumed. The witness said he knew Trotzky and L?nine personally. He said L?nine was a very moderate thinker and not at all the extremist and red-hot agitator some painted him. He declared the November revolution was accomplished without bloodshed, and that in the first six months of Soviet rule the Red Guards killed but 5,000, while the White Guards killed 25,000. He defined "social revolution," the one catch phrase on Socialism which has occasioned more discussion at the trial than all the others combined, as a peaceful transition from what he termed the capitalist form of producing and distributing wealth to the socialis? tic conception of production and dis? tribution. Attitude Toward War Explaining the Socialist attitude to? ward wars, he said: "The Socialists are not pacifists. Their opposition to war is not based solely or even preponderatingly on humanitarian grounds. If a nation were to rise in arms against enslave? ment by a foreign nation to a condi? tion analogous to the Revolutionary War of this country, Socialists would not oppose such a war. "They prefer to have a nation attain its independence without war, without bloodshed, but if a war became abso? lutely necessary for the attainment, say, of such independence, Socialists would not object on conscientious or social grounds. "The main basis of Socialist opposi? tion is that, with very few exceptions, as stated before, wars among nations in recent times have sprung from com? mercial motives." Hillquit, who is secretary of the In? ternational Socialist Congress?or the internationale, as it has been-referred to in the proceedings?delined the in? ternationale as an exchange for ideas on the philosophy and practice of So? cialism and labor and industry. He said its functions or powers were purely ad? visory. He said he never heard of a "citizen of the internationale" or heard the in? ternationale referred to as an "invis? ible empire" until the phrases were coined by Martin W. Littleton in his opening address for the prosecution, in which he said the five Socialist Assem? blymen were guilty of treason and they would be proved guilty of that crime before the trial ended. In reply to a question by Sutherland Positions for Young Women Are Open in Several of Our Departments $15.00 a week to start, with regular and fre? quent increases thereafter. Permanent work? 48 hours or less a week. Many opportunities for advancement to positions in which the earnings are $25.00 to $30.00 a week. Part Time Work A number of positions are also open to young women?married or single?who find it convenient to work only 4 to 6 hours during the day or evening. Employment Offices 1158 Broadway, Manhattan 8 A. M. to 8 P. M. 453 E. Tremont Ave., Bronx Sat. 8 A. M. to 4 P. M. 81 Willoughby St., B'klyn Sun. 12 M. to 4 P.M. 44 Pearl St., Manhattan 11 A. M. to 2 P. M. 1336 Broadway, Brooklyn 9 A. M. to 5 P. M. 58 W. Houston St., Manhattan 9 A. M. to 5 P. M. or Telephone Madison Square 12000 ? NEW YORK TELEPHONE CO. I he denied that the Soviet had prohib i i ted the religious education of children ' in Russia, saying that he believed that the Soviet law on the teaching of re? ligion in schools, was identical with a like provision in the French law of sep? aration of Church and State. Ho declared that the Soviet was not, as described by Peter W. Collins, of the Knights of Columbus, one of the j I witnesses for the prosecution, either an j enemy of religion or the trades union movement. He said that trades unions had grown in membership from .100,000 to 3,000,000 under Soviet rule, and that there was in the Soviet constitution a provision guaranteeing religieus free? dom. He denied emphatically that the Socialist party was committed to physical force, and declared that the third Moscow international "thoroughly disappointed Americap Socialists." Opposes Universal War "Do you know of any proposition or theoretical position of the party and of its writers to take advantage of a universal war?" asked Mr. Stedman. "I do not," replied the witness. "It is to create a universal war rather than to take advantage of one, is it not?" inquired Martin Conboy, of coun? sel for the prosecution. "You mean in Mr. Collins's state? ment?" asked Hillquit. "Yes," said Conboy. "Well, I may say positively that the Socialist movement does not desire to create a universal war or any kind of war for the purpose of bringing about Socialism. It was at this point that tne wit? ness branded as false the statement made by Collins that the Socialists were opposed to a league of nations, adding, "because, if anything, the So? cialists pride themselves upon being the first to formulate and demand the institution of a pure league of nations." He explained that they were op posed, however, to the covenant I adopted at Paris. Before Hillquit took the stand Sted- j man objected to the brief written by ex-Senator Elon R. Brown, of counsel to the prosecution. "I wish to object to the filing of that ! so-called brief. I object to it because It is arrogant, presumptuous and to a self-respecting tribunal it is contemp- I tuous," said Stedman. "It is arrogant, because it is filed before the case is closed and purports to cite excerpts of testimony. It is presumptuous m presuming that this tribunal or the public should come to a conclusion upon evidence offered in behalf of the affirmative side of this case. Issues Prejudged "And the closing portion of that ! brief, in which it characterizes As? semblymen who would vote to reseat these men as disloyal or traitorous, is an attempt to prejudge the issues in the case and to threaten the member with at least such censure as mav be aroused in the public mind for pre? suming to hold their minds open until the entire case and the evidence is submitted. The censorship of the Assembly men in prejudging what they should do is entirely improper, an argument itself no court would listen to, and any lawyer who presumed to censure a judge at the conclusion of the plaintiff's case unless he found as the plaintiff contended would ordinarily find him? self in contempt of court." "Well," said Chairman Martin, smil? ing, "we had the benefit of two very enlightening briefs, one from counsel for the committee and one from Mr. Justice Hughes for the Bar Associ? ation." "Do not forget the one from Mr. Roe," said Henry Wolff, of counsel to the prosecution. "Neither Governor Hughes nor Mr. Roe suggested that the Assembly would be disloyal if it failed to unseat 3. 1 these men," said John Block, of coun? sel for the Socialists. "The reflection upon the committee is withdrawn," said ex-Senator Brown, laughing. , "Well, the committee is used to re? flection, so it won't bother them," said Chairman Martin. The trial will be resumed to-morrow. THE CHAMPION Susan Lisby is Pennsylvania's champion pic maker. Her record is 62,000 pies. Every one of them went to the Pennsylvania Military Academy and Swarthmore College. In other words, every one of them went into the brain of students and the brawn of cadets. The importance of pie as a brain and brawn builder has long been recognized at. CHILDS. And of ?II th. delicio?? pies ?errad at CHILDS? th? mine? it the r he lupina? c?0> C/4 ?JWost Remarkable Opportunity eyft Saks, Beginning Wednesday Sale of Women's and Misses* Handsome Fur Coats, Scarfs and Muffs At Greatly Reduced Prices EHJRS were never in greater demand than at present, and at * no previous time has it been so difficult to secure good pelts. Competent authorities declare even a greater vogue, and much higher prices next season, a fact which gives added importance to this remarkable sale. You may Pay Only One-Third Now on any garment you select, the balance to become due when you take your furs from our modern storage vaults next Fall. Every coat, scarf and muff made according to the best known stand? ards of workmanship. Hudson Seal Coats . , Formerly $325 , Now $27.. Hudson Seal Coats with large collar and cuffs of Skunk or Beaver . . Formerly $375 . Now 335 Hudson Seal Coats with Beaver collar and cuffs . . . Formerly $475 , Now 395 French Seal Coats with collar and cuffs of Beaver, Squirrel or Skunk . . Formerly $325 . Now 265 French Seal Coats . . . Formerly $425 . Now 365 Black Pony Coats . . . Formerly $19S . Now 150 Moleskin Coats with collar and cuffs of choice quality Squirrel Skins Formerly $435 . Now 385 Natural Black Muskrat Coats . Formerly $260 , Now 225 Handsome Beaver Coat . Formerly $800 . Now 695 Persian Lamb Coat with beautiful Skunk-dyed col Formerly $500 . Now 300 Formerly $500 , Now 300 Formerly $2,450 . Now 1,975 Formerly $750 . Now 650 Formerly $125 to 1150 Now 95 lar, cuffs and border Luxurious Moleskin Dolman Natural Mink Dolman Natural Mink Capes Natural Mink Muffs By choosing your furs in this important sale you not only benefit by the above reductions, but also save at least 30% on next season's prices. Furs Listed as Hudson Seal are Dyed Muskrat For? Listed as French Seal are Dyed Coney STORE HOURS : 9.30 A.M. to 5.30 ??. M. -SIXTH FLOOR