New-York tribune. [volume], May 25, 1920, Image 1

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Vol. LXW No. 26,854
Dtfett>$
(Coi?j right, 102?,
>>w York Tribune Ine.)
First to Last?-th? Truth: Newa ?Editorials ?Advertisements
?&r\bmtt
THE WEATHER
Unsettled to-day; to-morrow partly
cloudy; gentle winds, mostly
north and northeast
Foil lf>[>?irt on I-ant 1'uk*
TUESDAY, MAY 25, 1920
* * ?i? >!:
TWO ?TFN'TS I THHKK CENTS I FOTTt TKNT8
In tiri>?ter >rw torn. | within 20? Milm | Kinfwiii>r?>
12 Carranza
Aids Held on
Return With
Chiefs Body
Obrc^on Tells Tribune
Conunission Will Deter?
mine Those Responsi?
ble for Assassination
First Chief Killed
Self. Says Herrero
Gonzales Gives Out Tele?
gram Statin?! President
Took Own Life Rather
Than Re Taken Captive
la Huerta Is Named
President of Mexico
MEXICO CITY, May 24.?
Adolfo de la Huerta, Governor of
Sonora, vas named President ad
interim of Mexico by the extraor?
dinary session of Congress this
evening. He received 224 votes
Pablo Gonzales.
The new incumbent holds office
under the "Agua Prieta Plan,"
?which mak? s him supreme chief
0f tl - Liberal Constitutional
army. He 1 as already postponed
the Presidential elections from
July 4 to September 5.
By General Alvaro Obregon
to The Tribune
r S'ew ~i ork Tribune Inc.
MEXICO CITY. May 24.?The
twelve companions of Se?or Car?
ranza, who were with him when he
was killed and who returned here
to-night with the body of the de?
posed President, are being held.
They are: Generals Francisco
a, Juan Barragan, Marciano
Gonzales, Federico Montes, Pilar R.
Sanchez, Francisco L. Urquizo,
Brun i ?eira, Francisco de P.
?hi'.:?;; Colonel Pauline Fontes, At?
ine y Gerzayn Urgfarte, Ignacio
Boni!'as (former Ambassador to the
United States), and Attorney Man?
uel Af lirre I?erlanga.
Treacherously Assassinated
All the e persons insist that Car?
ranza '7 "treacherously assassi?
nated" I y General Rodolfo Herrero,
violence of the attack,
none of these generals, chiefs and
officials, who accompanied Carranza,
and none of those persons sleeping
in the \ - of Se?or Carranza's
hut were harmed, nor did they use
their weapons to repel the attack of
Herren.': men.
To-morrow I hope to complete the
selection of a commission to work
energetically toward the determina?
tion of the persons responsible for
the criminal attack on the general
in chic:'.
MEXICO CITY, May 24?(By the As?
sociated Pr? s). President Venustiano
Carra:? ? ? ,1 suicide rather than
he taken pri -. according to a tele
Frai" B'v? afternoon at the
taadquartei of General Gonzales,
It purport? to have been Kent from
Cerro Azul, Stat? of Puebla, the morn
rhui . May 20, by Colonel
hodolfo Herrero, who, previous reports
nave stated, was responsible for Senor
Carranza's
'''' del ? Cai ranza alone was killed
on 'he mornii ; Mav 21 in the tiny
?oimtain ham el of Tlaxcalnntongo,
^tate r.' Pu? .it became known to
"'? ! ' ? ? ?v. said that s?x others
m? death, and lat c this number was
reduced to one, General Pascual Mo?
rales Molina. It was confirmed to-day
ir'?t?th.- . ?" still alive.
fhe bortj or President Carranza, who
W8killed ? t Tlaxulantongo h.st Thurs?
day mon.::..:, arrived here at 5:?i0
?crock this m ?rning, and the funeral
*?? held a?, :; o'clock this afternoon.
w?ly ?i few (?, rsons were at the sta?
tin arrived as a result
anni uncements which
1 disappoii ted waiting crowds.
/;?<>'" r. Summerlin, Charge d'Affairs
"'?"e. United States Embassy, was
":oC; th? or? ign diplomats who
.._____ (Continued on page three)
Society Matrons Balk
Prohibition. Says Eliot
_,IX)Stov, v .. .,, Enforcement of
?S? j i. ?n amendment is Seing
?Wed by ?a part of our social or
cation that, we are pleased to call
?;^.S(H-''.v.'" Dr. Charlea W. Eliot,
?*went.emeritus of Harvard Univer
tai?i?ST at :i meeting of the Uni
l?S? temperance Society to-day.
deal of?t,pcoJ?le ar" caasinK ? K"?t
???in,; .Rouble ail over the country,
'he v ' '" tcachinS lawlessness to
'k?o*!?'-'" .h<; continued, adding: "I
S?uAreoJ ' Bpeak by rea80n of n>'
nft?? ge "' t!l?' undergraduate body
??.?:\:i;(i University."
in? ;.'' :"' ?aid young women are meet
>L??U!?8 men ln whnt- he termed a
?hieh c?ndition at social affairs
i-DOf-l ar? Countenanced by matrons of
?g* social standing. The fact thai
!7.^H,7vin"u' w?men do not object to
titrl'l'* u:- ri ln this condition, he de
rroflik'JS lmPeding enforcement of the
Coition amen<fme?t.
Come ,SI"iakt'r citcd '"Cdents that had
^at r T'1' nis ooservation to show
hd ir?ntlUl?us among working people
"Mjtaproved through prohibition.
VnHsv, pVKKXKillT COMIKDY HIT!
"?t f-.?. '' :'>:^ Ai'?-" at th" n?''ih Theatre,
?y ?r Ui: ': >i ?????I ?lelighiful a com?
mence ?'?" ^'"?'??"' I'UH written ?In.'e
lixtt. uce' ??enneU iiacoowan. Globe?
President of France Falls
From Fast Train at Night
M. Deschanel Walks Barefoot in Pajamas Until He
Gets Aid; Escape Called Miracle;
Mistaken for Lunatic
By Ralph Courtney !
Special Cable to The Tribune
Copyright, 1920, Now York Tribune Inc.
TARIS, May 24.?President Paul
Deschanel fell from the window of
his stateroom in a special train last
night on his way from Paris to Mont
i brison, where he was to have taken
part in the dedication of a war memo?
rial. Although the train was traveling
at high speed, the President was not
injured seriously. He returned to?
night to Paris, accompanied by his
wife and Premier Millerand.
Exactly how the accident happened
is still something of a mystery.
Dressed only in his pajamas, M. Des?
chanel walked along the railroad until
he encountered trackwalkers. The
sight of him in his odd costume at night
i on an unfrequented highway caused
them to suspect his sanity. They lis
I tened with great sympathy to his story
; that he was the President of the t<
; public, meanwhile exchanging winks.
Track Walkers Doubt Story
When ihe pajama-clad figure hove in
! sight one of the track walkers shouted
f to him, "What are you doing on this
| line?"
"My friend," replied Deschanel, "I
i am the President of the republic."
One of the track walkers broke into
i ironical lai/rhter.
"What -President? Like that, in ?i
i nightshirt, out in the country at
, Lorcy ?"
"Lorcy,'' said the President thought
i fully. "Is that possible? What time
is it?"
"Ten minutes past midnight" was
the answer.
"Yes, that's it," continued Deschanel.
"I left Paris last night by special train
and fell from my railway carriage." ?
"Didn't you break anything?" irP
quired one of the laborers.
"Help me to the next station," De?
schanel requested. "I am Paul Descha?
nel, President of the republic. I wish
to telephone the Elys?e,"
"Quite so, quite so," said one track?
walker. "It must have shaken you a
bit when you fell from the President's
train. Come home with me."
The trackwalker took M. Deschanel
to his watchman's cottage, where he
woke up his wife. When she appeared
M. Deschanel again explained:
"Madame, your husband refuses to
believe that I am President of the re?
public. I have just fallen from a train.
Look at me well. Haven't you ever seen
a picture of the President of the re?
public?"
"Yos," objected the good lady after
some thought, "but you aren't like
him."
M. Deschanel in pajamas looked
somewhat different from the besi
dressed man in France. It took him
more than an hour to persuade the
trackwalker to telephone the local mag?
istrate. The workman repeatedly prom?
ised to do so, but did not, hoping the
supposed lunatic's mind would turn to
other things. Finally the telephone
message was sent and a carriage dis?
patched to take him away.
The President showed no effects of
the adventure except scratches on h _
i (Continued on next page)
Daniels Evades
Inquiry Into
Navy War Plan
Secretary's Testimony Called
Smoke Screen of Words;
"Search Me," He Says in
Loss of Important Papers
From The Tribune's Washington Bureau
WASHINGTON, May 24.?The wide
I divergence of the view6 of Secretary of
the Navy Daniels and the critics of his
administration as to what constituted
' adequate plans for naval preparedness
was brought out to-day in the cross
, examination of the Secretary before
, the sub-committee of- the Senate Naval
Affairs Committee.
| Mr. Daniels, who refused repeatedly
I to answer specific questions by mem?
bers of the committee, taking refuge
behind what Senator Hale character?
ized as a "smoke screen" of words,
insisted that the navy's plans, together
with estimates of the chief of opera?
tions, were adequate fc# the prosecu?
tion of the war against Germany.
"You Can Search Me"
? In response to inquiries from Chair
; man Hale, Secretary Daniels disclosed
I that an important plan of operations
j prepared by the Navy General Board
had been "lost."
"How did it come to be lost?" Chair?
man Halo asked.
"You . can search me," Secretary
Daniels replied.
It had been previously shown that
this lost plan had been in the posses?
sion of Captain Volney Chase, of the
I bureau of operations, now deceased.
Testimony had been given by navy of?
ficers that efforts had been made to
locate the plan in Captain Chase's pa?
pers, but it had not been found.
"You must not think," said Mr. Dan?
iels, "that plans are sacrosanct. Esti?
mates are constantly changing. The most
important thing of all we had to do a fid
the very last thing was to confer with
I the Allies and cooperate with them."
Tilts between the Secretary and Sen?
ator Hale, chairman of the committee,
were frequent during the cross-exam
' ?nation, the latter taking umbrage at
'what he regarded as evasive replies .to
his questions.
Daniels and Hale Clash
"Did we have any plans for wai
against Germany in cooperation with
our allies between August, 1914, and
April, 1917?" Senator Halo asked at
one stage of the hearing. "Answer
j 'yes' or 'no'."
"I never 'yes' or 'no,' replied th<
Secretary with some heat. "You can?
not tell me how to answer.
"1 am Secretary of the Navy and ]
(Continued on next page)
Wife's Joke Kills
Sleeping Husband
j Tries to Awaken Him by
Snapping Revolver She
Thought Was Unloaded
Special Dispatch to The Tribune
PATERSON, N. J., May 24. Mrs
Edna Mousing, seventeen years old, of
008 Main Street, has awakened her hus?
band Henry, thirty-two, several times
by clicking an unloaded revolver alon?;
s?de his head. The snap of the hammer
generally awakened hj^rn more effectu?
ally than the ordinary alarm clock
could do.
This morning, at <*> o'clock, Mrs
Mensing put the barrel of the revolver
against her husband's temple and
pulled the trigger. There was a re?
port and the husband sank back or
his pillow. He was shot through the
brain and died instantly.
The wife ran screaming to the room
of her grandmother, Mrs. Annabelle
Getta, seventy-five, and asked her tc
call a 'physician.
The unexploded cartridges and one
empty shell were found in the re
i volver. Mrs. Mensing was charged
j with murder, and entered a plea of not
j guilty before Recorder William Young
i Mrs. Mary Loges, her mother, was pa?
roled as a material witness, as was
Mrs. Getta, the grandmother. The
; husband was a carpenter in a brewery
The couple were married last New
Year's Eve. The police are inclined to
accept Mrs. Mensing's explanation of
the shooting.
?????
GOOD MOKNINO:
If you are in need of help call the Good
; Morning- <;ir!, Bcekman -'00", and let her
Insert your advertisement in to-morrow'a
Tribuno, or (ttve it to any of The Tribune's
I authorized advertising agent??over 600 in
I Greater New York.?Advt. ,
High Sugar Cost
Laid by Hoover
To President
Administration Made Grave
Mistake in Rejecting Plea
to Buy Up Cuban Crop,
He Tells Lusk Committee
i ___ _
Herbert C. Hoover, testifying before
the Lusk Legislative Committee inves?
tigating the high cost of living yester?
day, laid the present high price of
... sugar directly at the door of President
Wilson, Attorney General Palmer and
the Democratic Administration.
He also discussed at great length the
underlying causes of the high cost of
living and suggested remedies for it.
Mr. Hoover said that had the govern?
ment carried out the recommendation
of the Sugar Equalization Board to
purchase the 1919-'20 Cuban crop, of?
fered to the government"at _% cents a
pound, the retail price of sugar wculJ
now be between 12 and 13 cents a pound,
instead of nearly a hundred per cent
above that figure. He said the people of
the United States were deprived of this
advantage by the government permit?
ting the Cuban offer to lapse without
taking any action. <
Riley Tells of Campaign
Following close upon Mr. Hoover's
charge Armin W. Riley, special assist?
ant to Attorney General Palmer, with
offices in this city, announced that the
government will seek to obtain fair
distribution of the country's sugar
supply through a sweeping investiga?
tion of sugar brokers who ignore con?
ditions of their Federal licenses.
Mr. Riley will begin to-day what he
described as a "series of informal
meetings" with three representatives
of the sugar men, appointed by their
colleagues last week in Washington.
"It is our purpose to remedy the
market conditions and to obtain a fair
distribution of the sugar supply, even
if it must be at the expense of some
of the non-essential industries," said
Mr. Riley.
Mr. Hoover's charge against the Ad?
ministration was made in reply to the
following question directed by Deputy
Attorney General Samuel A. Berger:
"The' very high price of sugar could
have been avoided, could it not, if this
country had availed itself of the offer
of the sugar planters, made last sum?
mer, to purchase sugar at 6% cents?"
Mr. Hoover replied:
"Both the sugar board and I out?
lined the approaching situation for
1920 as early as last July and recom
! mended that the Sugar Equalization
Board should be extended over another
year and should purchase the Cuban
crop, in order that the price might be
stabilized at some reasonable figure.
"At a subsequent date the board re?
ceived an offer of the crop, but, due to
various difficulties, the offer was not
accepted by the government, and the
1 consequence is that the markets are
in complete chaos."
Offer Made to Wilson
"To whom was that offer made?that
is, whose attention specifically was
called to the advisability of purchas?
ing the sugar crop of 1919-1920?" asked
Mr. Berger.
"Oh, the recommendations were
laid before the President and the At?
torney General and other members of
the Cabinet by the sugar board from
time to time last fall," said Mr.
Hoover.
The offer, he declared, was simply al?
lowed to lapse, without any definite
conclusion.
"From your intimate knowledge of
the situation," continued Mr. Berger,
"can you say whether we would now
be paying the present price for sugar
had the offer been accepted?"
Mr. Hoover replied:
"I believe the Sugar Board could
have purchased the crop at about ?Vi
conts a pound -that is, raw sugar?
and that would have meant somewhere
(Continued on page tix)
Your
Vacation
will be a heap happier if
you see The Tribune every
day you're away. Arrange
to have it mailed?both
daily and Sunday. Just
phone Beektnan 3000 or
write our Subscription De?
partment, and we'll see
that you are not dis
i appointed.
Li.nimm mi .v,.n
S
Governor
Signs 2.75
Beer Bill
Walker Measure Permits
Manufacture and Sale
of Mild Beverage, but
Eliminates the Saloon
Boxing Act Also Is
Given His Approval
Fifteen-Round Bouts to
Decision Are Permitted
Under State Control
Special Dispatch to The Tribune
ALBANY, May 24.?Governor Smith
to-day signed the Walker 2.75 per cent
beer bill and the Walker boxing bill.)
The first permits the brewing of beer
of not more than 2.75 per cent alco?
holic, content, and does away with the
saloon as a medium of distribution.
The second reestablishes boxing in
the state, permitting fifteen-round
fights to a decision. The sport is
placed under strict state control.
The Governor, in signing the beer
measure, declared that the Legislature,
in passing the measure, clearly illus?
trates that it represents the majority
sentiment of the people.
The Governor also declared there
in nothing on which he can base dis?
agreement with the Legislature's dec?
laration that 2.75 per cent beer is non
intoxicating.
Experts Evenly Divided
"In January, 1919," says the Gover?
nor, "tfce Legislature ratified the
Eighteenth Amendment to the Federal
Constitution, which was commonly
known as the amendment providing for
prohibition. One year later, the Bame
Senate and the Assembly, under iden?
tical leadership, has now declared beer
containing 2.75 per cent alcohol by
weight to be non-intoxicating.
"In the opinions of experts laid be?
fore me there is a sharp division --i
opinion, those declaring it to be intox;
cating being about equal in number
with those declaring it to be non-in?
toxicating, and I feel that I am placed
in the position of having before me
the legislative declaration that such
beer is non-intoxicating.
"If representative democratic gov?
ernment means, anything it surely
means that when a substantial major?
ity of both houses makes its declara?
tion upon a matter of this sort it is
representative of the majority senti?
ment of the state.
"In the absence of anything concrete
and definite upon which I could predi?
cate reasons for disagreement with the
legislative declaration, I feel that this
bill should be approved."
The approval of the beer bill puts
New York in line with other states
which have served notice, in adoption
of semi-wet legislation, that they are
out of harmony with the Federal gov?
ernment's dry enforcement bill. These
states include New Jersey, Rhodlf
Island and Connecticut. The Massa?
chusetts Legislature passed a beer bill,
but the measure was vetoed by Gov?
ernor Coolidge.
The enactment of the Walker bill is
generally regarded as merely an ex?
pression of the state's attitude on dry
enforcement and to lend moral back?
ing to those who are fighting the \fe
per cent clause of the Volstead act.
Effect on Supreme Court
Just how effective the state's beer
bill will be depends entirely upon the
ruling of the United States Supreme
Court, now considering the constitu?
tionality of the Volstead act. There
is an impression that the court's
views may be affected by the attitude !
of New York and other great Eastern j
states. The court recessed last week
without rendering a decision.
The signing of the beer bill pre- !
sents absolutely no encouragement to
the saloon interests. The retail
liquor men fought the bill vigorously,
as it puts the saloon out of existence.
The enactment of the Walker bill
closes the saloon even if the Volstead
act is found unconstitutional. It does
not permit the consumption of 2-75
beer on premises where sold, other
than hotels and restaurants of pre?
scribed standards. The saloon men
were instrumental in killing the bill in
1919 when it was introduced by Sen?
ator J. Henry Walters, Senate major?
ity leader.
Under the provisions of the Walker
measure nothing stronger than 2.75
per cent beer can be sold in this state.
It defines beverages having alcoholic
contents up to this percentage as non
intoxicating. Beer of 2.75 per cent
strength may be sold in restaurants
having floor space of at least 600 "feet
and with accommodations for at least
forty guests. The license fee in New
York City is fixed at $500 and in other
first and second class cities at $250 a
year. Beer may be sold for home con?
sumption by any person who obtains a
lC?ntlnued an pag? nine)
ExpenseFund
Probe Aimed
At Gen. Wood
Chairman Kenyon Joins
Reed and Pomerene,
Democrats, in Efforts to
Discredit Republicans
$414,000 Spent by
Governor Lowden
Johnson Stump Speaker
Shows Little Interest in
Cox's Expenditures
From The Tribune's Washington Bureau
WASHINGTON, May 24.-?A specia
Senate committee investigating Presi
dential primary expenditures opened it?
hearings to-day. Two purposes seemet
to guide the committee. One, on th<
part of Senator Kenyon, chairman, wh<
has been stumping for Hiram Johnson
was to smash General Wood as hard a
possible. The other, on the part o
the two Democrats on the committee
Reed, of Missouri, and Pomerene, o
Ohio?was to give all the Rep?blica
candidates as black an eye as possibl
with a view to the campaign after th
conventions.
Summed up, tne committee foun
out:
That Governor Lowden of Illinois
has spent $414,000 in his campaign
for the Republican nomination, oi
which sum he contributed $379,000;
that the $35,000 contributed for Low?
den was accepted without his knowl?
edge; that Lowden insisted from th<
first that he wished to finance hi?
campaign himself.
Called "Scandal"
That, according to Edmond H
Moore, manager for Governor Cox o
Ohio, Senator Harding and Woo<
spent more money in Ohio than eve
has been spent in any previous elec
tion campaign by both parties; tha
full information concerning the in
iquities of Harding <ind Wood, whici
were a "matter of public scandal,
could be obtained from their man
agers, eacji accusing the other.
That Frank H. Hitchcock, politics
manager of the Wood campaign, di
not know a thing about the finances
objected to palatial headquarters i
New York, opposed the extravagan
use of campaign literature and d?
clined to employ "flying squadrons
to work up sentiment for Wood i
Eastern and Southern states.
That in the neighborhood of $85,0ij
was* spent on behalf of Senate
Johnson east of the Rocky Mour
tains, less than $1,000 of this sui
being obtained by contributions (
from $1 to $10; that Johnson didn
go into the South because he lacke
funds; that his managers spet
every cent they could raise by pe
sonal solicitations and that one ma
a rich young Pennsylvania, R. ]
Strassberger, contributed $27,000.
That $70,000, of which $50,000 wi
contributed by three New York me
had been spent in behalf of Senati
Miles Poindexter, of Washington, f<
the Republican nomination.
That the managers of Senati
Sutherland's boom in West Virgin
were trying to win to-morrow by
"strictly gumshoeing" campaign ai
that the Wood managers were spen
ing money freely in that state, i
though R. J. Hershey, Sutherlanc
manager, had no direct knowledge
the misuse of money. Sutherland
a Republican "favorite son."
That Governor Cox of Ohio, t
only Democratic candidate who
manager was questioned, had a fu
of $22,000, about half of which w
spent in Kentucky, the remainder I
ing used in general propaganda.
From the outset it was evident
committee was after General W<
Besides Senator Kenyon the Republi
members are Edge, New Jersey,
Spencer, of Missouri. Th? Democ,
are Reed and Pomerene. Kenyon, i
said, consulted Reed and Pomer
about plans for the investigation
ignored the Republican members.
In Johnson's Interests
This fact naturally led to the
sumption that the investigation is
ing made in the interests of John
The Democrats are helping Kenyon
at the same time making some t
campaign material for their own
poses. They are taking full advari
of the various quarrels among the
publicans.
From Hitchcock the committee n
bers expected to unearth scanda
the South. But the former Postma
General disappointed them. He k
nothing about the use of n^oney in
South. He represented himself i
"purist" in politics. The Wood t
agement, he conceded, had made n
mistakes. These he had tried to
correct since his entrance into
managership last March.
The committee was advised
Colonel William Cooper Procter, i
Sprague, of Chicago, and Horace i
bins, of New York, can furnish a
of all the contributions to the \
fund, as well as all of the expendit
(Continued on pago eight)
Johnson's Lead
In Oregon; W<
Special Dispatch to The. Tribune
PORTLAND, Ore., May 24.?Though
Senator Johnson's lead in Oregon has
been cut to-night to less than 1,000
votes, there is no reason to believe that
it will be reduced sufficiently to en
I danger his margin. His present plu
I rality over General Wood is 862. The
j returns still to come are evenly di
| vided between Wood and Johnson
; counties. The margin is so close now
that there is talk in the Wood camp I
of demanding a recount.
"We have not decided what we shall
do," said Dow V. Walker, Oregon
manager for Wood, to-night. "The re- i
[ suits are so close that we have not j
i entirely abandoned hope. We will wait
j until the figures are in and then take
whatever action seems advisable."
Including complete returns from Mult
nomah (Portland) County, which casts
one-third of the vote of the state,
Johnson now has 41,941 votes and
Wood 41,079. These returns are com?
plete for only thirteen of the thirty-six
counties in the state. In most of the
incomplete counties, however, the pre
I cincts to come are small and remote.
Cut to 862
)od Hope Slight:
It is estimated that there are only
about 7,000 votes remaining to be re- ;
ported. These include Lowden, Hoover
and Poindexter votes. No returns have
been received from Wheeler and Curry
counties. Both are sparsely settled ?
and they will not figure heavily in the:
result. Wheeler, an eastern mountain
ous county, is expected to be for Wood.!
Curry lies on the California line and'
will probably be for Johnson, reflecting!
the California sentiment, as have other
counties bordering the Golden State.
Coos County, which adjoins Curry
on the coast, has reported a large_per
eentage in favor of the Californian.
Taking these counties into consider
ation even the Wood adherents cannot ;
see victory for their candidate, unless it
lies in a recount.
CHICAGO, May 24.?Asserting that
there was still a chance for Major
General Leonard Wood to carry Oregon,
William Cooper Proctor, national man?
ager of the Wood campaign, in a state?
ment to-day declared that, in any event,
second place in any Pacific Coast state
was virtually a victory for Wood.
Liberty Bomls
Bought?Sold?Quoted.
John Muir _ Co.. fit Rrondway.?Adrt.
Wilson Asks Congress
For Power to Accept
Mandate for Armenia
Wilson Message Asking U. S.
To Take Armenian Mandate
From The Tribune's Washington Bureau
WASHINGTON, May 24.?President Wilson's jnessac/e to Conaress
to-day, seeking authority to accept a
"Gentlemen of the Congress:
"On the 14th of May an official
communication was received at the
Executitve office from the secretary
of the Senate of the United States
conveying the following preambles
and resolutions:
" 'Whereas, The testimony adduced
at the hearings conducted by the
sub-commfttee of the Senate Com?
mittee on Foreign Relations has
clearly established the truth of the
reported massacres and other atroci?
ties from which the Armenian people
have suffered; and
" 'Whereas, The people of the
United States are deeply impressed
by the deplorable conditions of in?
security, starvation and misery now
prevalent in Armenia; and
" 'Whereas, the independence of the
Republic of Armenia has been duly
recognized by the Supreme Council
of the peace conference and by the
government of the United States of
America; therefore, be it
" 'Resolved, That the sincere con?
gratulations of the Senate of the
United States are hereby extended
to the people of Armenia on the
recognition of the independence of
the Republic of Armenia, without
pfejudice respecting the territorial
boundaries involved; and be it
further
"'Resolved, That the Senate of the
United States hereby expresses the
hope that stable government?; proper
protection of individual liberties and
rights, and the full realization of
nationalistic aspirations may soon be
attained by the Armenian people;
and be it further
" 'Resolved, That in order to afford
necessary protection for the lives
and property of citizens of the
United States at the port of Batum
and along the Une of the railroad
leading to Baku, the President is
hereby requested, if hot incom?
patible with the public interest, to
cause a United States warship and a
force of marines to be dispatched to
such port with instructions to such
marines to disembark and to protect
American lives and property.'
Calls Appeal Providential
"I received and read this docu?
ment with great interest and with
genuine gratification, not only be?
cause it embodied my own convic?
tions and feelings with regard to
Armenia and its people, but also, and
more particularly, because it seemed
to me the voice of the American
people expressing their genuine con?
victions and deep Christian sympa?
thies and intimating the line of duty
which seemed to them to lie clearly
before us.
"I cannot but regard it as provi?
dential and not as a mere casual
coincidence that almost at the same
time I received information that the
conference of statesmen now sitting
at San Remo for the purpose of
working out the details of peace
with the Central Powers, which il
was not feasible to work out in the
conference at Paris, had formally re?
solved to address a definite appeal to
this government to accept a mandate
for Armenia.
"They were at pains to add thai
they did this 'not for the smallest
desire to evade any obligations
which they might be expected to un
dertake, but because the responsibili?
ties which they are already obligee
to bear in connection with the dis
position of the former Ottoman Em
pire will strain their capacities t<
the uttermost, and because they be
lieve that the appearance on th<
scene of a power emancipated fron
the prepossessions of the Old Work
will inspire a wider confidence ant
afford a firmer guarantee for stabil
ity in the future than would the se
lection of any European power.'
Trust of Civilization
"Early in. the conferences at Pari
it was agreed that to those colonie,
and territories which as a conse
quences of the late war have ceaae(
to be under the sovereignty of th
states which formerly governed them
and which are inhabited by people
not yet able to stand by themselve
under the strenuous conditions o
the modern world, there should b
applied the principle that the we]
being and development of such peo
pies form a sacred trust of civiliza
tion, and that securities for the per
formance of this trust should b
afforded.
"It was recognized that certai
communities formerly belonging t
the Turkish Empire have reached
stage of development where their ex
istence as independent nations ca
be provisionally recognized, subjec
to the rendering of administrativ
advice and assistance by a manda
tary until such time as they are abl
to stand alone.
"It is in pursuance of this prin
ciple and with a desire of afford in
Armenia such advice and assistanc
' -?
mandate for Armenia, follows:
Y that the statesmen conferring at
San Remo have formally requested
this government to assume the
duties of mandatary in Armenia. I
may add, for the information of the
Congress, that at the same sitting it
was resolved to request the Presi?
dent of the United States to under?
take to arbitrate the difficult ques?
tion of the boundary between Turkey
and Armenia and the Vilayets of
Erzerum, Trebizond, Van and Bitlis,
and it was agreed to accept his de?
cision thereupon, as well as any
stipulation he may prescribe as to
access to the sea for the independent
state of Armenia.
Duty to Ajcept Task
"In pursuance of this action, it
was resolved to embody in the treaty
with Turkey, now under final consid?
eration, a provision that 'Turkey
and Armenia and the other high con?
tracting parties agree to refer to the
arbitration of the President of the
United States of America the ques?
tion of the boundary between Turkey
and Armenia in the Vilayets of Erze?
rum, Trebizond, Van and Bitlis, and
to accept his decision thereupon, as
well as any stipulations he may pre?
scribe as to access to the sea for the
independent state of Armenia'; pend?
ing that decision the boundaries of
Turkey and Armenia to remain as at
present. I have thought it my duty
to accept this difficult and delicate
task.
"In response to the invitation of
the council at San Rerho, I urgently
advise and request that the Congress
grant the Executive power to accept
for the United States a mandate over
Armenia.
Sympathy for Struggling People
"I make this suggestion in the
earnest belief that it will be the wish
of the people of the United States
that this should be done. The sym?
pathy with Armenia has proceeded
from no single portion of our peo?
ple, but has come with extraordinary
spontaneity and sincerity from the
whole of the great body of Christian
men and women in this country, by
? whose free-will offerings Armenia
has practically been saved at, the
i most critical juncture of its exist
ence. At-their hearts this great and
generous people have made the cause
of Armenia their own.
"It is to this people and to their
government that the hopes and earn?
est expectations of the struggling
people of Armenia turn as they now
emerge from a period of indescrib?
able suffering and peril, and I hop?
j that the Congress will think it wise
I to meet this hope and expectation
! with the utmost liberality. I know
' from unmistakable evidence giver
j by responsible representatives oi
many peoples struggling toward in
' dependence and peaceful life agair
that the government of the Unitec
: States is looked to with extraordi?
nary trust and confidence, and I be
lieve that it would do nothing less
than arrest the hopeful processes o:
! civilization, if we were to refuse th<
, request to become the helpful friend:
and advisers of such of these peopl?
as we may be authoritatively ati(
i formally requested to guide an?
I assist.
Will Mean General Liberty
"I am conscious that I am urpinj
upon the Congress a very critica
i choice, but I make the suggestion il
; the confidence that I am speaking il
j the spirit and in accordance with th'
wishes of the greatest of the Chris
! tian peoples. The sympathy for Ar
i nienia among our people has sprun?
from untainted consciences, pur
Christian faith and an earnest de
i sire to see Christian people every
j where succored in their time of suf
? fering and lifted from their abjec
? subjection and distress and enable
! to stand upon their feet and tak
i their place among the free nation
I of the world.
? "Our recognition of the indepen
. ence of Armenia will mean genuin
j liberty and assured happiness fo
j her people if we fearlessly undertak
the duties of guidance and assistanc
\ involved i* the functions of a mar
: datary.
"It is, therefore, with the nlo^
earnest hopefulness and with th
; feeling that I am giving advice froi
which the Congress will not willingl
? turn away, that I urge the acceptant
of the invitation now formally an
solemnly extended to us by the coui
cil at San Remo, into whose hant
; has passed the d fTicult task of con
posing the many complexities ai
difficulties of government in the on?
; time Ottoman Empire and the mail
tenance of order and tolerable coi
j ditions of life in those portions ?
that empire which it is no long?
possible in the interest of civil'z
tion to leave under the governmei
of the Turkish authorities ther
selves."
-*
Best Seat?, $2; Wed. Mat., "Florodor
Cuntiirv Thou Rio?"-;? Mixl-nl ITU In T?? ??
President Urges Accept?
ance of Allied Invitation
to Insure Freedom o_"
the Suffering People
Strong Opposition
In Both Houses
Sentiment in Capital Is ,
That Mr. Wilson Seeks
to Shift Responsibility
By Carter Field
From The Tribune's Washington. Bureau
WASHINGTON, May 24.?Presi?
dent Wilson to-day urged upon Con?
gress the acceptance by the United
States of a mandate over Armenia.
In a special message, which was read
ir. both houses, Mr. Wilson said that
although the choice was critical, ha
believed he was acting in accordance
with the wishes of the American peo?
ple in seeking authority to tak*
the mandate.
The President said he had felt it
his duty to accept the invitation ex?
tended to him by the Allied Premiers
at San Remo to delimit the frontiers
of Armenia.
Faces Strong Opposition
A canvass of members of both
houses of Congress immediately af?
ter the reading of the message dis?
closed that the President is faced
with an opposition more unanimous
than he has encountered on any issue
that he has taken to Capitol Hill
since he entered the White House.
Even high officials of the Administra?
tion appeared to have little hope that
the proposal would be accepted. The
impression prevailed generally that, in
putting the question up to Congress,
the President sfmply desired to shift
the responsibility of a decision to Con?
gress, and at the same time avoid
further pressure on the White House
by religious denominations favoH.ig
the undertaking.
In submitting the proposal the
President refers to acceptance of the
mandate as a high Christian duty de?
volving upon the United States, and a':
the outset recalls that as late as May
14 the Senate adopted a resolution ex?
pressing the hope "that stable govern?
ment, proper protection of individual
liberties and rights and the full real?
ization of nationalistic aspirations may
soon be attained by the Armenian peo?
ple."
This same resolution urged him to
send a battleship to Batum to protect
Ameican lives there. To this sug?
gestion he makes no direct reference in
his message.
Senators See Immediate Conflict
Among the President's advisers it is
declared that as the United States' is
not a member of the league of nations
this country would be answerable to
the league for its conduct of the man?
date only in the ultimate results and
would have the right to dictate to the
other powers, in the drawing up of s
mandate protocol, the terms upon which
it would undertake the task.
In addition to the cost in money and
military forces which acceptance of ths
mandate would involve, it is pointed
out by Senators that the undertaking
would involve the United States in im?
mediate conflict, in all probability, not
only with the Turks now warring on
the Armenians, but with the Bolshevik
forces now in control of Russian Ar?
menia and at present engaged in light?
ing the Armenians.
After the defeat of General Denikir.e,
leader of the anti-Bolshevik forces in
the Caucasus, the Russians swept
down into Russian Armenia to effect a
junction with the Turkish Nationalist
forces in a joint campaign against th?
British in Persia.
Bolshevik Force? Active
The Soviet forces were reported,
May 20, by Colonel William M. HaskelU
Allied High Commissioner in. Armenia,
in advices to the State Department, to
be in full control of Alexandropol, the
principal railroad center in Russian
Armenia, and to be fighting with
Armenian troops from the Armenian
tapital at El'vinan. In the mean time
the new Republic of Azerbaijan, which
had been recognized by the Allied
powers last .January at the same time
that Armenia and the Republic of
Georgia were recognized, has declared
war on Armenia, and Colonel Haskcll
reported that the Armenian residents
of Baku were in peril. Subsequently
the Reds captured the ships of the
Russian "White" fleet in the Caspian
Sea and drove the British from Enzeli,
a Russian port at the lower end of the
Caspian, the British falling back into
Persia.
Large V. S. Force Required
Before these organized attacks on
the Armenians were begun it was es?
timated by Major General James G
Harbord, head of a commission sent
to Armenia to gather data upon which
to base an American policy respecting
the Armenian mandate, that the task
would involve the. sending to Armenia
of a minimum force of two divisions,
or 59,000 officers and men, other esti?
mates running up to a force of 200.000.
It would take, the commission esti?
mated, at least five years to put the
country in order under the conditions
then existing, and that it would be
a generation before the United State3
conld completely withdraw.
The cost of the initial five-year pe
r od of administration and pacification
w:?.s estimated at $756,000,000, the ex
pense of th< first year hein;; $275,000.
000 and decreasing to $85.750,000 ir
the fifth year, as the ability of tht
Armenian government increased. The
maintenance of the American militar?,
force alone, the fir t year was put a1
$H8,500,000.
SS8.500.000 for Troops
Owing to the multiplicity of thi
"conflicting interests'' involved, thi
commission insisted that the Unite<
States, hefore accepting a mandate
i-houid make its own conditions, backe?