New-York tribune. [volume], December 17, 1921, Page 2, Image 2

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the fln?l outcome of the conference ob?
vious among the delegates as a result
of this curious French situation. Every
one believes that after the French
have made their case they probably
will .content themselves with blocking
the British hope for an agreement to
abolish submarines?,
This British thought about the sub?
marines has been obviously only a hope
from the first so far as this confer?
ence is concerned. In admitting rather
Yankly that thej want an open sos?
? on ' ?' the conference shortly so that
? ry may present their case to tin
"'orid the British give a hint, at least.
thai thait real purpose is to appeal ;>>
world sentiment m order that at the
aaxi conference the world, i? convinced
by she British argument, may demand
that this weapon of warfare he out?
lawed.
Meanwhile the four-power Pacific isl?
ands treaty pot was kept boiling by a
few Democratic Senators, hended hy
Senator Keed. on Capitol Hill. The
Republican Senators, after a? infor?
mal] conference with Senator Lodge to?
day, decided no; to answer the attacks
or." the treaty by Keed and others for
'he present, but to wait in patience
?until the treaties are actually before
them.
President Harding is known to refuse
to take the attacks on the treaty seri?
ously, in view of the fact that, no na?
tion signing tlic treaty obligates itself
to use force even if the other three
should unite in agreeing that this
course -honld be taken.
Mr. Hanihara, of the Japanese dele?
gation, refem .i to-day to a Washing
tor, dispatch, quoting the following:
"Tho fact is incontestable that tin
.'apa??se diplomats re?nrd the four
power irestv. and will so present it tc
sir people, as constituting a promise
which is to take The place of the guar?
anties of the Angio-Japanese alliance
It was and is their price for giving ur
the alliance with England and for re?
ducing I From Japan's point
of view it amounts to more or less 01
a guaranty that she shall be shieidec
attacks, or it amounts to noth
ng,"
?'I do not know," said Mr. Hanihara
"where such an impression could hav<
been obtained, because it is obviou:
that, i1" any Japanese diplomat shouli
mas :,",ent of that character thi
text of the two documents are so un
like each other it would be sufiicien
to display the absurdity of his conten
tion. In accepting the four-powe
treaty we have been affected more thai
once by American prohibition. \V
accepted water for whisky?be
cause our primary object was accord.'
No Sacrifice to Pr de
irst public comment on th
?naval agreement from a British sourci
Sir, Bait our to-day declared it wouh
im nish the pub'.ic burden, relicv
the economic strain, be a lesson t
nity, be an example to future re
? rmers and be no sacrifice to nationa
pride."
"There is no doubt that the grea
ncheme put forward by the Unite
States, through 'he American delegates
:s coing to benefit all countries cor
i benefit the most the coun
tries having the largest fleets,"' sai
Mr. Bai four/
"The defensive power cf Great Bri
tain will not be injured. The b?rde:
ixation p7:i the people will b
7 ? itly diminished. The scheme ha
the merit of leaving all countries saf
from attack. it will prevent cut
hroat competition, but at the sam
'.ne do nothing any patriot need re
gret if he considers the safety, secui
ity and honor of his country. Broad!
peak'"'.-, armament costs were mount
? ng up in ail countries and statesme
?'.ad to think seriously of the con
ju >nt taxation burden.
''Apart iron the moral considers
ons and solely from the point of viei
.'.'?anee, the advantage of thi
mankind is difficult to ovei
.: ? nate."
?lv. Bai??tir ,said the agreemer
' a new chapter in armament
it meant the sacrificing t
armaments and the sacrifice of pa
titular armaments. It was a wiioll
'<.'??' result in international arrangi
nents "The scheine wii! shine wit
augmenting lustre as men are able t
;:iok back an>i see how far-reachin
7i:-i how novui the scheme is."
Japan Entirely in Accord
For the Japanese, Admiral Kato mac
the following statement:
'.'The arrangements which the- seven
nations have reached will meet wit
opposition in only a few un importai
luarters in Japan. Japan, as a who!
.ill rejoice in them as completely as
not actually more fully than any oth<
gauntry in the world. Unless ti
>pirit of Japan were entirely in accoi
with that of the other great natioi
that will participate in the nav
treaty this agreement couul not ha1
been reached.
"It has been reached in substantial
the form in which it was proposed I
the United State:; and after less tli?
five weeks of discussion. These e
traordinary circumstances show ho
unsound was any pessimism that pr
"ailed before Mr. Hughes made h
historic speech of November 12, at
how unfair was the charge of delay
view of the fact that his drastic pr
posais came as a complete surprise
all of the other nations.
"I may say that from the day tl
proposals were made the Japane
delegation, supported by its gover
ment and the Japanese people, were d
termined that their country should n
be the one to prevent an agreement,
even to delay it beyond the barest n
cessity of time for ad?quate consider
'ion. As I have said before, we ha
never bargained. We presented o
case to the delegates of the powe
"on'-erned iind at all times received,
we strived in our turn to give, ff
consideration."
e
Old Warships for Sale
At Philadelphia Yar
Pride of Navy 20 Years A?
Now Being Bid T11
as Junk
PHILADELPHIA, Dec. in (By T
associated Press).? Obsolete bat
?raft that aro to be sold bv the Na
Department to the highest bidd?
were inspected to-day at the Philad
hia Navy Yard by a group of bu
n. They arc to be sold Js
?ary 16,
among the ships are the b
tieships Maine, Missouri and Wisc<
in, their turrets rusted, decks warj
and the gray paint on their steel sit
'aded and peeled. They are twer
vear? old. and are appraised as ju
at $120,000 each.
For those who have no use for
worn-out battleship there are monito
?ess unwieldy. The Ozark displaces 01
?..300 tons and the appraised value
5-10,000. For some dealer in antiqv
is the monitor Miantonomah, built
1876, appraised at $10,000, Apparen
i-he cheapest of the lot is the moni
Puritan, at $4,000. The ex-submar
k-t Plunger is hoisted aboard and
included in the appraised price. T.
combination has been used as a tar?
for navy gunners.
Another ship which the governnn
?s offering for sale is the United Sta
steamship Memphis, battle cruis
wrecked off San Domingo. It is ur?
that no one make a bid for this h
without looking at it.
?
Chester D. Pugsley Amiounr?
He Will Run for U. S. Sen?
ALBANY, Dec. 16.?Chester D. Pu
ey, of Peekskill, who was boomed
.-.ome of his friends last year for t
Democratic nomination for Unii
States Senator, stopped here ro-t
*nd announced that -ne would be & a
Jidate for the nomination again n<
?/tar. Mr. Pugsley i& the son of
Sanker iv. Peekskill and has been mi
Mo!<?d on v-?riouti occasions a?
tuUe?blt candidat? fox offlea.
i Harding Peace
Ideal Extolled
By Birkenhead
I British Chancellor Calls It
Vmong ?Greatest Contri?
butions to Mankind in
All History of World
.'?.'
Lets House of Lords Wait
?-,
Delays Debate on Irish Pact
to Attend Meeting of
American Luncheon Club
From The Tribune's Furopran Bureau
Copyifrht, 19?1. New "fork Tribuno In.?.
LONDON. Dec. 16.?Lord Birkenhead,
; Lord High Chancellor, addressing the
American Luncheon Club to-day, paid
a tribute to President Harding's initia?
tiv.? in calling the Washington Con
! ference on the Limitation of Arms?
i ment.
"No nobler contribution has ever
j been made by any civilized power to
any period of the world's history," he
said. The Lord Chancellor pointed to
the new world circumstances that had
developed) giving the Washington con
. ference free reign at the greatest mo?
ment in the world's history, The Mon?
roe Doctrine that has so long been re?
spected by all nations was drawn under
{ conditions, he said, that never fore
' shadowed any such international rela?
tionships as have now been established.
An Vnforgetable Day
Referring to the debate on the Irish
question in the House of Commons and
the House of Lords, the speaker said:
; "This day can never be forgotten in
the history of the two great English
speaking peoples." There was no cause
; for quarrel, actual or potential, be
' tween them, he said, although there
I once was discernible the old Irish spec
tor which for generations had clouded
their relationships. To-day, he added.
?? more had been done to banish, the
cause of misunderstanding between
. Groat Britain and the United States
than in 200 years.
"We have travelled together through
the concluding stager- of a war, the
; bloody r*jad of which has been marked
with graves for milestones," he said,
"and in treading that road I believe we
have found the secret of immortal and
indestructible harmony."
Lets House of lords Wait
LONDON, Dec. IG (By The Associated
Press).?Lord Birkenhead kept the
House of Lords waiting a half hour to
enable him to deliver his address to the
American Luncheon Club. He explained
? that he was certain the members of the
upper chamber would be indulgent and
permit him to fulfill a long-standing
engagement With his American friends,
: made when "no one could have fore
j seen the tremendous issue of to-day was
? pond ing."
The Lord Chancellor was resound?
ingly app'auded when he rose to speak
after he had been presented by Am?
bassador Harvey, who employed many
superlatives in extolling Lord Birken?
head's cr.reer, his abilities and his
personaMty. The ambassador said the
L'-rd Chanc?l'or's participation iri the
Irish peacemaking- was an illustration
of the indubitable fact that "great oc?
casions find great men."' He remarked
that Lord Birkenhead's presence "at
this critical moment on this crucial
day" constituted a most flattering com?
pliment.
Greatest Day of Career
"We know what confronts him," said
Ambassador Harvey, alluding' to Lord
Birkenhead's appearance in the Irish!
debate in the House of Lords this af- ;
ternoon. It was perhaps the most mo?
mentous day in the Lord Chancellor's '
career, dec'ared the ambassador, who !
added that British and American ap?
preciation of Lord Birkenhead was an'
i exception to the saying that "some-!
times we live so close to greatness that.
we fail to perceive it."
Birkenhead, in his address, said the :
American people's special quality was
? in the> happy combination of practica- '<
bility and idealism. "The Washington:
proposals," lie said, "which the. world j
should ratify, could have proceeded
from no other people in the world."
He declared the Monroe Doctrine was '?
never contemplated for such conditions'
as those of to-da;-, and added: "The
world is one. It is interdependent.'' i
Churchill Pays Tribute j
To Work of Arms Parley
| ? -.? j
Says Irish Question Remains \
as Force Tending to Divide
the English-Spenhing World
LONDON, Dec. 16 (By The Associ?
ated Press).?Winston Spencer Chuch
ill. Secretary for the Colonies, pre?
siding at a meeting of the English
Speaking Union to-night, paid an elo?
quent tribute to the work of the Wash
lington conference ind Secretary
Hughes's "great act of faith, whereby
the two great dangers of naval competi?
tion and of war in the Pacific are in a
fair way of being effectively removed
from the area of practical events."
Alluding to the Irish question, he de?
clared: '
"There, remains r;mong the forces
tending to keep the English-speaking
world divided the formidable question
of Ireland. Nobody can say how much
we suffered, through the unceasing ?
i hostility of Irish-Americans, yet we I
triumphed and built a solid structure I
of friendship with America. But only I
i consider how much better the relations \
I would have been if the whole influence j
: of the gifted Irish race had been ?
thrown in the direction of promoting
Anglo-American friendship, instead of
against it."
In conclusion, the Secretary ex
prested his conviction that the settle
: ment now arrived at with Ireland would
greatly facilitate the efforts of the
English-Speaking Union in promoting :
' harmony between the two great com- j
I munities.
Japanese Base Pleasantry
On Retention of the Mulsu
WASHINGTON, Dec. 16 (By The
! Associated Press).?"Japan lost seven
but gets Mutsu," is the play upon |
I words which is circulating among the ?
! Japanese delegates to the. Washington !
' conference. It is a pleasantry to em- j
: body Japanese satisfaction at the set- ;
| tlement of the three-power naval ratio \
'? question as to capita! ships.
Mutsu, it is explained, is not only the
| name of the battleship which Japan
j succeeded in saving from the scrap !
I heap, but, as pronounced and spelled ?
j in English, is the same as the Japanese ?
word which means the numeral 6. In '
| other words, Japan may have lost the
naval ratio of seven, which she would
\ have preferred, but in accepting the i
| "six" of the American naval proposals
she has retained the Mutsu.
The word Mutsu, as used for the '
name of the battleship, refers to one
I of the historical country district? at
tht Japanese Eiapjr*.
Lord Riddell Proves a Riddle,
But He's a Wonder as Newsgiver
Morning and Afternoon He Presents Britain's Case
Effectively in the Press; Portugal Now
Giving Publicity I o Her Cause
? *-' riir Tribun?'? M'ashinoto* f?uream
WASHINGTON, Dec. 16.?An incau
ti?us Englishman once hazarded the
j view that Lord Riddel! had no official
connection with the British delega
| tion and that ho was merely a volun
| teer in his present work as British
! liaison officer with the press. What
? ever his official title, and even though
sonic one else might have done the
I work in his place, to Lord Riddel! goes
? the first prizo for effective presenta
! tion of Britain's case to the newspapers
and to the people of America. '
Daily, in the morning and in the
j afternoon, he receives the correspond?
ents and answers, enlightens, eluci
: dates, clarities and demonstrates. His
("tory, philosophy, politics, diplomacy,
i religion, all are open books to him,
and he' passes out pages of any of them
! to Bet right a mistaken viewpoint. Pa?
tience and humor, mingled with a little
! touch of the schoolmaster's solicitude
I for the enlightenment of his pupils,
characterize his dealings. A quick
, wit and a ready tongue save him from
? embarrassing questions.
* * *
No one knows what Lord Riddcll's
j first name is. Most of the corrcspond
! cuts seem to have taken for granted
? that it is "Lord." Nor is much else
known other than that he has been at
: every conference in the world since the
Ark lumped on Ararat, and, according
i to some who have been seated near
i him, he addresses Mr. Balfour as "Ar
j thur." Although this would imply that
I Lord Riddell has attained a "ripe old
I age" he shows no signs of this in his
appearance. He is tall, well built and
? young looking, although his hair is
i white. He wears glasses occasionally
i and when ho is talking spends much
j time in wiping them and blinking.
<? a *
i When Lord Riddell isn't explaining
things to the newspaper men he is din?
ing and being dined or making speeches.
\ Day after (lay notices appear in the
? metropolitan dailies to the effect that
1 Lord Riddell spoke here, or w*s enter?
tained there, or preached in a certain
church, or delivered an address, or was
received by so and sn. Day after day
: Lord Riddell is seen in the process of
| making new contacts and explaining
the tru**- inwardness of the conference
Never does he press the British view.
? As he does not belong to the delega
lion, he naturally cannot speak with
authority for them.
a a a
To-day lie invaded new fields and
appeared at an inspection of one. oi
the Washington schools, In honor of
this occasion tho children had been
drilled to sing "Rule, Britannia,"which
i contains certain references to the
prowess of the British fleet. As the
chorus illled the school room Lord
Riddell's eyes moistened and he ex?
pressed himself as deeply touched by
the occasion.
An Irishman present, at the ceremony
hazarded the thought, that he was sor
rowing for the days that will be no
more as soon as the G?6?8 ratio is
accepted.
* * p*
Portugal has finally followed the ex?
ample of tho other nations and is giv?
ing publicity to her cause. Although
i Bomowhat tardy in her efforts, they
| possess a high literary finish. Por?
tugal's .vole possession in China is
the port of Macao, which she has held
I since Mill. Passing through many
vicissitudes, coveted by foreigners and
j hemmed in by a barrier of Chinese
I exclusivcness, the little Portuguese set?
tlement constantly remained loyal to
? tho far-off mother country. \lcr fate
? is best told in the admirable words
| of the Secretary-General of the Portu
; guese delegation, Senor Montaito cle
j Jesus:
"When the barriers <>?" excluslvism
| gave way in China," he said, "and ?
?new era dawned for foreignors in tho
! Far East tho darkest days of Macao
were ushered in, recalling th< prophet's
plaint over the ruins of the Holy City:
'All ye that pass by. listen and see if
| there be woes like unto my woes.' And
? this plaint is the more belitting, inns
much as in former ages Macao too whs
i yclept the Holy City, once so rich
' that, in the words of a sixteenth cen?
tury writer, her streets could then be
p ? ed with gold and silver.
"But. the admirable geographical posl
: tion of Macao destines her for an au?
spicious resurgence in the new era
which already sees it - first glimmer in
the Washington conference. There can
; be no doubt that, when all the present
shortcomings and grievances are set
for all, Macao, one of the
mosi picturesque and salubrious cor?
ners of the Far Kast, will be fully en?
titled to be known better by the name
1 once ?riven her by a governor of Hong
Kong/ 'Gem of the Orient. Earth and
Open Sea.' "
Pledges Show
Pact Bars Anv
Use of Force
(Continued from pan* eut/
tary action by the signatory powers,
jointly or separately. Such an occa?
sion might, even arise from the ag?
gression of a power not named in the
treaty upon some other power not
named in the treaty, and the United
Statea might decide at. such a time to
employ its navy and its army to re?
press the aggressor.
This it might do without airy treaty.
as it. did in entering- upon the war with
Germany. It is incredible that, even
if the United States hud not been at?
tacked by Germany, this country v-ould
*hayc refrained from military interven?
tion if in the course of the recent war
the imperial German government had
invaded Canada and taken possession
of its soil.
Mutual Respect Insured
it is, therefore, sophistical for any
one to say that conditions might arise
in the Pacific Ocean which, if this
treaty were ratified, would involve this
nation in war, and, therefore, it should
not be ratified. It is impossible for
human foresight to know what condi?
tions may yet arise in that ocean which
would render it necessary for the
United States to employ its army and
navy there, or elsewhere,' either with
a treaty or without it.
The chief matter deserving of con?
sideration in connection with the rati?
fication of this treaty is the effect of
the treaty upon war and peace in the
Pacific. Admittedly, its terms contain
no engagement in any conditions to use
armed force. On the contrary, they
provide for mutual respect by the sig?
natories for one another's rights and
for the adjustment, by joint confer?
ence, of controversies that may arise.
They open a pathway to mutual under?
standing and reciprocal confidence.
And, since these four signatories arc
the chief powers in the Pacific Ocean
whose rights may be, or appear to be,
in conflict, the agreement removes at?
one stroke the major probabilities of
war. This is the clear purport of Ar?
ticle I.
A3 regards the "aggressive action al
any other power,'' with which Article
II is concerned, the exposure to such
danger as prevailed when the Anglo
Japanese alliance was first formed does
not now ex st.
Outside the four powers signatory
of this treaty there are no powers in
the Pacific Ocean that can be classed
as naval powers, and it is only naval
powers that require to be taken into
account so far as the purposes of this
treaty are concerned.
No Compulsion to Agree
The reference to possible "aggres?
sive action by any other power' is
merely subsidiary to the primary idea
of the treaty, and is intended to answer
the question as to what would happen
if some other power should fail to re?
spect the rights which the signatories
of the treaty agree to respect.
The answer is simple and direct.
The four powers agree that they would
"communicate with one another fully
and frankly in order to arrive at an
understanding as to the most efficient
measures to be taken, jointly and sep?
arately, to meet the exigencies of the
particular situation."
It is not possible to extort from this
agreement a pledge to anything be?
yond an "understanding" in whie.n all
freely participate. There can be no
compulsion to agree. It is true that
measures to meet the ex.gencies of the
particular situation are the subject of
this understanding, but there is no im?
plication of warlike measures. It has
been authoritatively stated that "no
military or naval sanction lurks any?
where in the background or under
cover of these plain and direct, !
clauses." If war should follow it would
have to grow out of the "particular
situation" and not out of the obliga?
tions of the treaty, and if tnere were
in the situation good reasons for war?
like action they would exist and be
equally effective if there were no
treaty.
Provision to Avoid War
There is, however, in this agreement
provision for avoiding armed conflict
in case of aggression by another
power which would not be operative if
the treaty did not exist. It has Leen
generall, conceded that if there had
been a full and frank discussion in a
meeting of the chief European powers
when the Austrian ultimatum was sent
to Serbia in lili there -would prob? I
I ably have been no war. A course
could have been devised that would
have given satisfaction to Austria and
: would have been just tp> Serbia. So, in
; ease of .any act of aggression in the
, Pacific Ocean committed by a power
. not named in the treaty as well as by
one of the signatory powers, if the
? powers full j and frankly communi
' cated with one another in order to ar?
rive at an under landing, an incident
whieh without this provision would
ver ? certainly lead to war might be
treated in a manner that would avoid
1 a serious conflict.
A moment1 :onsideration of the
| kind of conflict, likely <>> arise in tho
! Pacific Ocean over insular possessions
and dominions give! emphasis to the
foregoing statement. Nothing is more
improbable in those posi ions and
dominions than un organized plan of
? conquest by some power other than
the four signatories of the treaty, the
appearance of some formidable armada
or any deliberate plan of invasion.
"National Passions"
1/ act of aggression is commit?
ted it i like! to bo s orno real or im?
aginary insult to a flag, some arrest
or punishment of .-ailor-, or some dis?
crimination against tho rights of per?
sons that might lead to deeds of vio
j lence. Froni such a spark national
passions might bo kindled into a flame
which would not be extinguished cx
. cept by a full and Crank communica
I tion of'the facts to the calm judgment
: of friendly powers. Article II of this
neat y provides for this, and it is, ap
: parently, to meet just such exigencies
i that it is intended.
It lias been alleged that it is im?
possible for these four powers to meet
otherwise than as armed power;., and
; therefore their decision would neces
| sarily be bared on the menace or the
exercise of force, which would render
them arbitrary, if not unjust. It has
i been further represented that if these
powers were devoid of material ef
| fectiveness, if they were not armed
?powers; in brief, if they were totally
| disarmed, then such an agreement to
? communicate, to meet, to discuss and
! to come to an understanding would be
inoffensive and unobjectionable.
It requires but little reflection to
| realize how strained and ill founded
these representations are.
Arms To Be Left Outside
What ?round ia there 'for assuming
that a> ned powers cannot meet and
? discuss controversies without the use
of arms . They have met ?nd dis?
cussed til.-' most' delicate questions in
: the present conference without the use
j or the menace of force, and, having
j explicitly excluded a resort to force
from the purposes of this treaty, it
j would be a violation of the treaty to
; baso any decision to which a future
j conference of the powers under tiiis
? treaty might arrive upon armed force.
i Tt isa part of the agreement in this
| treaty that arms are to be left outside
tho council chamber.
As for th ! alleged superior rnorat
status of tota'ly disarmed nations, it
should be evident to every intelligent
?citizen how visionary such a conception
? is. it is up..: only impossible to realize
' it as a question of fact, but it would be
; a complete abandonment of the defense
i of right against wrong. It may be
? safely asserted that this treaty will
'never be repudiated on the ground that
j on.'y the totally disarmed are tit to
; make a treaij .
- The qucstio.i has been asked, even
j supposing that there is in this treaty
] no intention to use armed force, are
not the high contracting powers under
| a moral obligation to resort to it, in
j case the particular situation is such
; thut it is rendered necessary to the ac- l
? complishment of the purposo of the
treaty, namely, the protection of the
rights of the contractants? And, if so,
is this not a treaty of alliance?
Unlike League Covenant
I' thi? treaty promised a definite act
undoubtedly that act would have to by
performed, cost what it might. If {i
were a pledge, to come to the assistance
of a part?cula.- power in case it were
nt war, and to conduct the war in com?
mon, as in the case of the Anglo-Japa?
nese alliance, which it terminates, Iher
there would be a moral obligation to
fulfill the contract. If it promised to
preserve the territorial integrity and
the political independence of all the
si ratorie3. as is the case in Article ~X
of the covenant of the League of Na?
tions, then cl?arlj it. would b*> an al?
liance.
But there is in this treaty no obli?
gation, expressed or implied," that goes
beyond the pledge to endeavor to ar?
rive at an understanding. The convo?
cation of the powers in a given emer?
gency ia simply for the purpose of
arriving at an understanding. If one
or more powers should demand mili?
tary action, another might under the
terms of the treatv justlv decline to
participate in it, unless the case were
Reed Declares
Pact Ties U. S.
Up to League
Four-Power Treaty Would
Make America a Second
Rate I'ower in Pacific,
Missouri Senator Charges
Mils Our Statesmanship
Interests of England and
Japan Alone Protected by
llie Agreement, lie Says
Prom The Tribune's Washington Bureau
WASHINGTON, Dec. 16.?Continu?
ing his attack on the four-power treaty
in the Nonato to-day, Senator Reed, of
Missouri, Democrat, one of the leaders
of the struggle against the League of
Nations covenant in the last Adminis?
tration, declared that if this treaty
were ratified the United S t?te a would
be made "a second-rate power in tho
Pacific." He pictured the treaty as the
"death warrant of China" and putting
the United States in a situation where
in case of trouble between a re?
awakened China or a rehabilitated Rus?
sia and Japan this country would
have to send troops and ships to the
backing of the Japanese,
The Senator also declared the treaty
"ties us into the League of Nations."
Dur associates are tied into the
league," ho said, "and are subject to
the orders of the leugue, and wc can,
therefore, bo affected by its decisions.
though we have no part or voice in
the league."
Holding that Japanese diplomacy
since tho beginning of the World War
had shown its superiority over liuro
pcan and American statesmen, Senator
Reed sought to show that the Japanese
diplomats, had won another victory and
that the American representatives
"truckle to her and yield to her" in
respect to the terms of the naval agree?
ment.
Sees Danger to America
'I i c Missouri Senator spoke fot
about three hours and in that time
covered a wide field. He began bj
criticizing features of tho naval agree?
ment, in which he contended .Japan had
come out ahead^ Ho then took up tlu
four-power treaty and dealt with it ii
detail, though he made it plain thai
he expected to have much more t*
say when the conference agreement:
..?i formally laid before the Senate
Senator Reed portrayed this countrj
as entering into an entangling- alliance
of a dangerous sort, out of which it
got no advantage, while the interest:
and possessions of England and Japar
m Ehe Pacific and the Orient were pro?
tected by it. Assailing the dispositior
to put the United States in alliance
with other powers, Senator Roed said:
"The longing of the American heart
for home foreign stepmother t make:
me sick."
Only a few Republicans and a fe*fl
more Democrats gave attention to th<
utterances of Senator Reed. He war
asked questions by Senators Shields
of Tennessee; Overman: of Nortl
Carolina, and Stanley, of Kentucky
that seemed to indicate they were ?
sympathy with his views. Senato
Underwood, Democratic leader am
American delegate, listened to th?
speech for a short time at the outse
and then left the chamber.
Senator-, Swanson and Robinsoi
were among those who congratulate?
Senator Reed on his efforts when hi
sat down. Senator Curtis, Rep?blica)
whip, declared the friends of the treat:
would not. discuss it until it was for
mally laid before the Senate.
It developed that Senator Curtis wa
such that without any treaty a mora! 1
obligation to participate would be evi?
dent.
In brief, whatever moral obligation
there might be would not rest, upon the
treaty, 'njt upon the particular situ?
ation wholly independent of the treaty.
It is of the highest importance that
now, before ratification, this question
should be placed beyond all doubt or
future controversy. This treaty is not
to be construed as implying an under?
standing o\c;i\ of a moral kind'to en?
gage in war with any power for any
cause. If any signatory of this treaty
regards the powers as morally pledge.!
to war this should be asserted by it
now, or til is interpretation should be
hereafter debarred.
Act of Congress Needed
This treaty is a compact to provide
for procedure by mutual understand?
ing. It is not a pledge of any definite '
action, but an agreement to seek a
peaceful solution in any situation that
may arise. There is no obligation to
apply any measures unless they are
agreed to at the time when they are
to be applied. Joint action is in no
ease obligatory. Separate action is
distinctly provided for, which signifies
that each power may take the course
it decides to take in each particular
situation, and the steps it can take mav
vary according to the constitutional
limitations of the different powers,
In the case of the United States, it
is well understood, war cannot be
undertaken except by an act, of Con?
gress; and i* would, therefore, be a
false interpretation of this treaty to
pretend that it can be intended to
pledge military aid in any circum?
stances whatever. If it has that ef?
fect as between the other powers,
which it is distinctly declared not to
have in any case, it cannot be. pre?
tended that there can be a moral obi i
cation on the part of any Executive to
violate the Constitution of the United
State .
Without committing the United
?states to war, this treaty pledges all
signatories under Article I to respect
the rights of the United States, and,
in case of any controversy in which
those rights are in dispute, not to re?
sort to arms without an effort to ad?
just the difference in a joint confer?
ence of the four powers signatory to
the treaty where the United States
would bo represented.
Not Even an Entente
The obligation is undertaken, reci?
procally, to respect the rights of the
other signatories in like manner, but
only in each case so far as they relate
to "insular possessions or insular do?
minions i.i the Pacific Ocean." Any
or all of tho four powers, might be
engaged in war with other powers, or
with one another, beyond these defined
limits, without bringing into operation
any provision of this treaty.
It is, therefore, not in any sense au
alliance; if, is not even an entente, ex?
cept in the sense of genera! friendli?
ness, beyond the circumscribed area
to which its terms applj. What gives
it great value is that it shows locally
und concretely what might he done in
a broader neld if the nations were in
Ligreement.
The really vital questions connected
with the negotiations now proceeding
at Washington, are not involved in the
terms of this treaty, except as it
covers the nature and extent of the
"rights" of the United States and other
powers in the Pacific Ocean. What
these are it does not define. They will
be just what the status quo shows that
they are when the negotiations are
concluded, and we therefore await
that indication with the* deepest in?
terest.
speaking for the Republican? who ere
it tho treaty, some of whom h?ld an
Informal conference at the Capitol with
Sonator Lodge this afternoon. Further,
it is dineloscd that the Republican j
leaders have canvassed the situation
and do not think there will be moro i
than four Republican vote? against the
treaty, Seriutors Korah and Lu Follette
will be against, it, with Franc? and
Norn? doubtful, according to thi? can?
vass. Just bow it"* Democratic Bide
will lino up j,-; yet utieattled, but. cati
flcal??m In deemed Mire.
Republican leaders expect Senator
Il ira m Johnson, who is now in Califor?
nia, to support the treaty. They do not
BOO ail) possible line-up which will do
feat oil her* the four-power treaty ot
other agreements which have, relation
to tho conS?rouce.
Opening his remarks, shortly after
the Senate met at noon, Senator Reed
look up (he 6-5-3 naval ratio. Arguing
that the number of ships and weight,
of metal did not, determine naval
strength, Senator Reed entered into a
description of th? naval bases of Groat
Britain and Japan and sought, to frhow
this nation was greatly inferior to each
in this respect. He called the Panama
Canal "tho jugular vein of America"
and held that it; wan at tho mercy of
Great Britain and Japan.
Control by A ugh?-Japanese
"In the Pacific, Japan and Great. Brit?
ain, under the now arrangement, hold
tho absolute dominance,'' eaid the Sen?
ator.
Senator Reed experienced difficulty
in pronouncing tho names of tho Japa?
nese naval stations. This led him to
observe:
"Of course, well have to learn tho
Japaneso language an soon as tho
treaty is signed. I expect to keep up
with the procession. It's a little ahead
of me now."
Reverting to the description given by
Senator Lodge; of the Pacific islands in
his address at the conference, Senator
Rood' remarked:
"I think wc ought to read this de?
scription. It ?3 so much like a poem
and .0 little like statesmanship. It, re?
minds me of the crooning of a mother
to her babe when she's about to give
a dose of castor oil. How sweet it
sounds."
Senator Reed, asserted that by the
treaty of the four powers the Marshall
and Caroline islands were given to
Japan and formed "an impregnable
group between the United States and
tue Philippines."
"It brings Japan's base 2,000 miles
closer to us than over before," said the
Senator. "It compels us to run the
gauntlet of Japan's guns to reach the
Philippine Islands. It gives, Japan ab?
solutely perfect command of China's
coast It amounts to establishing forti?
fications between the United States
and Japan and between us and the
I nilifj ines."
He held the importance of Yap had
been much overrated as compared with
other questions involved. He said the
islands in the North Pacific would by
the treaty be confirmed "forever to
Japan."
Assails four-Power Treaty
Criticising the'four-power treaty be?
cause the United States could not with?
draw for ten years, Senator Reed re?
called that many Republicans had been
unwilling to go into an arrangement to
ente;' tho League of Nations with a r?
quirement of a two years' notice to
get out.
War between "Russia and Japan was
possible, he said, and if 180.000.000
Russians arose and sought to drive the
, ar.-antse from their soil the United
States would be obliged to stand by
Japan.
"If the 300,000,000 Chinamen shall
find themselves," he added, "who dares
say that they will allow Japan to keep
her clutches at China'.-, throat'.'"
Senator Shields, of Tennessee, held
there was a conflict of jurisdiction be?
tween this alliance and the League, and
said if a question cam?- before the
League concerning the Pacific islands
England, France, and Japan would have
to obey the League or secede from it.
Senator Reed supported this" view.
He held tho four-power treaty amount?
ed to an ailianco to go to war if neces
sar to protect dominions of the four
powers in the Pacific,
Britons Wish Naval
Cut Had Gone Further
From The Tribune's European Bureau
Copyright. 1921, New York Tribuno Inc.
LONDON, Dec. I6.--TI10 British re
celved news of the final agreement in
Washington yesterday on naval ratios
with mixed feelings. Of course there
is widespread satisfaction that arma?
ment limitation to some extent has
bean possible, but thcr? is a note of
disappointment in to-day's press com?
ment. Briton? had Hoped that there
would be need no more for prepara?
tion* for war, but the decision as
finally reached involves the construc?
tion of two moro super-battle cruisers
of the Hood type. This wil^mean much
to the fleet, but it is the reduction of
tho cash saving that the people think
of. When the AdmiraitTo?a^^
pension of work on th? f0ni ??i** I
that had been planned it ??11"**
that their entire cost of ??7??***
would be Rr,ved the t?ftL ' ?**?."
with work to be resuml?A *?*
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1! !
Buy a Blue Forget-Me-Not
For the Benefit of American Dis
abled Veterans of the World War
Any of a genus of small herbs, of the
borage family, having bright blue or
white flowers, widely treated as the
emblem of friendship and fidelity. ?WEBSTER.
To which may be added that F.orget-Me-Nots grow
almost anywhere, but find it very difficult to flourish]
in the human mind. The soil there does not seem to be
congenial to them, and even when a tiny dapple bltu
forget-me-not does manage to take root in the memory
it is nearly always obscured by the jaundiced sunflower?
of self. That must be why today has been official 1\
designated by the Governor of New York as "Forget-Me
Not-Day." It takes an official proclamation to make niosl
people remember their benefits and their benefactors
War is a fine thing when the boys are marching down the
street, but thtrc are no drums for the disabled! Then
are only blue and white Forget-Me-Nots, and not man}
of those save by proclamation. So buy one today and
put it in your buttonhole for the benefit of those whose
Forget-Me-Nots are bullet holes!
franklin Simon a 'Co.
J? Store of Individual Shops ?s??
FIFTH AVENUE, 37th and 38th STS. SflfiS