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M AG AZIN E SECTION .-anBuftyKKwau* . . ... ...... PART VI EIGHT PAGES m MAGAZINE SECTION AMERICA'S TRIBU *1 NDAY, \\\\ 28. !!>JJ EIGHT PAGES PART VI r m nn there Coioniai c?iii?nt? ,,, i?n? HE RAIL SPLITTER Y'\ jerkins once defied malana that they might shoot reed birds foi rhoir lady loves the Lincoln Mr jnnr'a' row stands. For eighl yrars tho memorial ha* hren Vaildinc. but for nmir than twenty yoa--- thr rision oi it<= beauty ha* been vivid in thr mind" of those who ooncoived it. Now that il .? finished expert? say that no finer memorial adsta arywhere in the world. with the o.\ p jjption of the Taj Maha! in India. To look fjovn the Mal! from the foot of the Washing? ton Monument and see the stately Doric col omn! "r the Lincoln Memorial reflected in the ouiet lagoon when ihe moon ridea full, flood ing the land with its silver light, will rival the moonlit turrets of 'he Taj Mahal?a sighl that has inspired rhapsodies and lyrics from not:* and art lovers for centuries. Th'- beauty of the memorial stirs the emo tions aimost to ecstaay. There is not an un necessary line, not a fault in proportion. Line and mass combine to make that for which dealists strive?the unity that is perfect ion. ;? "?...(% the mind with do'irrht and with the -i-.r of great and beautiful things, There oass i n rcv iew Sonatas of Beethoven, songs ol Handel an -' ? ed to activi mi itior; . ('vov ding wil h em ? a keener consciousiiep? of the heroic of the day- and the singular greatness. "' tin man in whose memory ih, memorial ia been raised. Settmg of the Memorial 4 Magnificenl One , The iv.cmori; . tands in a groa! open space < .". ;i moun-l buili ol a "orios of terr?.c.c?, ris ?? total \\e ?.!:: al i ve grade of 1'2'J 'f( i. \ .'??;-: ?-..'?? of ?:' 'al Doric cohmins of ''hi'.e marble surmund tbe w?ll?. within which, in thc cciitei - i.-K'c. . in colossal sta'ui of Lin (coln. 1. col ;nm ti-iirty-sis in all, repre ? n'- . - ea i -'ati existing at he tim< ? I in ? ?:' i '? h. On tho wall' ? a ?/ r-. . i. ? ? " io ?;?!'?? i mn -. one for r M i: ::,?,. . r ' t tii pr; 'cm I iirn . The M1" ?.''', nc ioj i! i- niagniflccnt. Behind i' Ho he I'-it miac- and beyond i'i"e ihe hill v'i n -.. X?a -by 1?. Vrlington, where i ' ?'? r< mc - of thc men who un er Lincoln's lead -r iip went do\ n valiantly :-i11? death tha' tl,e nationpl dostin'y nrghl i." scrved. To thc <a-t. nearly .-. mile away. -'and.- in its austete dignity Washington's Monument, which is to bc connccted with the Lincoln Memorial by a great lagoon thal wil! refleet both monument*;. A mile beyond the Washington Monument is ;hr Capitol. These three?the Capitol. Washington's Monument and thc Lincoln Memorial -form thc three jrreal features of thc Mail. thc plan of which provides for walkf and drives and rows of clrns for the entire distance. It is a compo sition without parallcl in any other city in the world. Passing between the columns of the colon nade thc visitor cnters 'he memorial aivl is confronted with the colossal statue. seated at the end of an uninterruptcd vista of seventy fett, Lincoln is represented a.- ths great war president, with mental ami physical strength -ind confidence in his ability to preserve the ntegrity of the Union. Above his head is the inscription: In This Temple, As iv th.e Hearts af the Peoplt Foi Whom He Saved the Union, The Memory of Abraham Lincoln /* EnshYined Forever. 1 i right and left are rows of white marble lonic columns which. thouirh in no way impaiv '?"? lh? sense of unity of the interior. isolate tno statue from the tahlets memorializing th" Gettysburg and Second Inaugural addresses ?nd the mural decorations above them tha' *re placed on thc <-ast and west walls. Four Features Combined ln Single Design Speaking of his conception of the memorial. Henrv Bacon. its architect. said: "from the beginning of my study 1 be? lieved that this memorial of Abraham Lincoln Would be composed of four features: a statue ?f the man. a memorial of his Gettysburg sPeei.ri, a memorial of his Second Inaugural address and a symbol of the Union of the United States, which he stated it was his Paramount object to save and which he did 8avc. Each feature is related to the others 9y nu-ans of its design and position, and each is ?o arranged that it becomes an integral part of the whole in order to attain a unity an<l simplicity in the appearance of the monu? ment. "The most important object is the statue W Lincoln, in which is expressed as far as By GRACE PHELPS Dccotations by CHARLES B. FALLS i m m iiiPMmri?<4 Lincoln Memorial, Eight Years in Building, Which Is To Re Dedicated Tuesdav Ccnzrcss approPriaied $2 339,720 for the construction of thc Memorial. The colu^ns of the colonnade, 36 in number, are made of Lcioraao-rule marble, which carr.es from quarries in. lhe Rocky Mountains, 300 miles wesl of Denver. Each column is 44 feet high ana Vleet 5 mches tn diameter at the base. The colonnade is 188 feet long. The total heighi of the building above grade is 122 feet. nc statue, with tts pedesial and base, rises to a height of 30 feet. Thc statue itself, without ihe pedestal, is 21 feet high and weight loO tons. Tne figure oi Lincoln h 19 feet high from the top of the head to thc sole of thc foot. Th; head measures 3 feet in height t he statue rr. c. Gecrgta marble, ihe pedesio! and base of Tennessee marble. The statue took thc sculptor four years to produce possible lhe gentleness, power and intelli genre of the man." The statue. v hii h i.s ih< work nf Daniel Chesler French, loole four years to carve. I. is of interesi o n ?:?? that the sculptor's unclc, Benjamin X. French, wns Lhe officer in charge of publi ? buihiii .-1 during ; ho Line ?::: n ! ministrations. The mural decorations, by Jules Guerin, painted entirely without assistance, are nol onlj weatherproof, but expected to be as im pcrishable as thi memorial itself. He mixed his paints with wax and kerosene, and since the wax is chemically similar to that found in the tombs of the kings of Egypt, it is be? lieved that lhe colors will be as lasting. The figures in the decorations aro heroic iti pro portion, being eighl and one-half feet high. forty-eighl figures apptaring in all. 7:. Guerin said when ? -kc-l to interpret his work: "Therv are six groups i'i a grove, each group having for a background cypress trees, the emblem of eternity. "Tht- decoration above th'.1 Gettysburg ad? dress typifies. i'i lhe central group, Freedom nnd Liberty. The left group represents Jus? tice and Law. The righl group represents Immortality. "The decoration tbove thi Second Inaugural address has for the motive of the central group Unity. The left group typifies Fra ternity. The righl group represents Charity!" The memorial wns built under the direc tion of the Lincoln Memorial Commission, ap? pointed by Congress in 1911, with Wfiliam Howard Taft for chairman. Other members of the commission were Shelby M. Cullom, Joseph G. Cannon, George Peabody Wetmore, Samuel Walker McCall, Hernando D, Money and Champ Clark, with Lieutenant Colonel C. O. Sherrill as seci'etary and executive officer. Throughout it? work the commission wus aided and advised by lhe National Commis? sion of Fine Arts, the members of which are Charles Moore, chairman; Herbert Adams, sculptor; John Russell Pope, architeet; James L. Greenleaf. landscape architeet; J. Alden Weir, painter; Charles A. Platt. architeet; William MitcheU Kendail. architeet. The site of the Lincoln Memorial is part of the rleveiopment in 190! of the L'Enfant plan of 1792. When George Washington fixed upon the present site for the capital he commis :onrd Major Peter Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city. and having accepted L'Enfant's plan, so much of it as was carried out was done under" the personal supcrvision of Wa.'h ii-.ston ;;; . .1, >7 rson. \\ Ih : : me and for d< cad< -? after the sittj ivn \ u 1 f an arm of tht Potomac River, and its fcclamation was i)--; begun by Congress until 1882. By 1900 a considerable area had heen rescued from !hc water and on it thc Senab Park Commis ? I'ii. appointed the following year, advocatcd ihe erection of a memorial to Lincoln, i<i con ' tute thc: rond-point ol" the Mail. ? proposal, however, ;-iiet with fiorce op tion, lhe area being then known as thc ' on ic I- lats, a favorite pla- c st ill for ? ting birds, a gathering ground for thc ir:;.- in their spring concerts and the abid i. g place of mosquitoes and malaria. lt was remote from the city, a waste and isolated place. "Uncle Joe" < annon was one ot the mosl vigorous opponents of the plan and de? clared that ''the building would shake itself down with loneliness and ague." A few months ago, when "Uncle .Ioo" announced his intention of leaving Congress, the Lincoln Memorial was the one achievement in his fifty years of service in Congress to which he pointed with most pride. "If ever 1 come back to Washington," he .-aid, "it won't be to wander up and down through the balls of the House of Representa? tives. You will find me walking down the Mail toward the Lincoln Memorial, or stand? ing there, looking at the statue of the great? est man in American history." The very isolation of the site. now known as Potomac Park, was a peculiar advantage. For a long distance in every direction the surroundin.es were absolutely free for such treatment as would best enhance the effect of the memorial. The fact that there were no features of interesl or importance, that every thing had yet to be done, meant that no em barrassinp,- obstacles would interfere with the development, of a setting adequate in extent and perfect in design, without eompromise and without discord. Its advocates pointed out that in judging the site for a memorial l i endure through thc ajros the fact to consider was not what the location had been, nor what it might he at the moment, but what it could be made for all time to come. Thc short period required for grading and the growth of trees was as nothing compared with the possibility which the site presented of treating freely every element of the surroundings in the best man ner that. the skill of man could devise. John Hay, one of Lincoln's secretaries and biographers, strongly favored the site. "Lincoln, of all Americans next to Wash? ington, deserves this place of honor," hc said. "Toil must not approach too close to the im mortals. His monument should stand alone, remote from the common habitations of men, apart from the business and turmoil of the city?isolated, distinguished and serene. Of all the sites this one, near the Potomac, is most suitod to the purpose." Since 1911, as its advocates had foreseen, the location has become the most popular of all parts of the capital. Near It are the golf links. tennis courte, baseball diamonds and great park spacea through which drivewayg have heen built. The fall Bpring floods the world with the lush life and vivid green of growing things, and what, a few years ago was nothing bul a dismal and malarial swamp is now the recreation ground for the peopio of a great .-api'ai city. The object now ia io se cure for the Lincoln Memorial a needed degre of isolation by proper planting of trce-. The memorial and Potomac Park aro both parts of the extension of the L'Enfant Plan. For decades after the preliminary work done under the supervision of Washington and Jefl erson, the capital remained merely a strag gling village, ridiculed alike by those who had hoped for a different site and by visitors from abroad. In 1800 Pennsylvania Avenue was merely a deep morass covered with aldcr bushes. There were few houses, and catt browsed everywhere, while quail and other birds were shot w thin a I ui dred yardf of I ? ('apitol. From Chaos to Beauty, A Century's Progress Even after tho Civil War Washington con? tinued to be but a mediocre town, ill-built, unpaved, with cattle and swine roaming through the streets at will. P remained in much this state until, in thi- early 70's, some "f tin- long-neKieetcd improvements were made, particularly the grading and pavm- of the streets. Once begun, the work wen! rapid? ly ahead until President Grant was abi^ to state in his annual message to Congress in 1873 tha, "Washington . . . is now one of the most sighlly cities in the country and ran hoast of being the best paved." But the growth of the city had been with? out plan. so that when it. met in 1901 the Senate Park Commission, appoint-d hy Con? gress tho year befot-o io draw up plans fnr tho improvement of the national eapitai. were confronted by many difficult problems and situations. The commission finally decided upon the vinual restoration and extension of the long-neglected L'Enfant plan. According to this century-old plan, rh.- city had two dominant features: tho Capitol. as the seat of th" legislative branch, and the White Ilonso; as the seat of the "executive branch of the government. From ihe Capi! * and the White House the great avenues ra I - ate. These two foci have two connections: Pennsylvania Avenue as a direct traffic thor- A oughfare and the Mal] ,-.s a park connection. " Tho commission found that during the cen? tury that had elapsed Pennsylvania Avenue had gradually been developed more or less ac? cording to tho J.'Fnfant conception, but that the Mal] had heen cut up into pieces, each. section being developed separately without reference to other sections, thereby losing tho basic continuity of the plan of 17P_\ The commission's <*b7r problem was to restore to the Mail tho pre-eminence to which it had been destined by L'Enfant. One obstacle was the Rotanir Garden. which had heen located in such a manner as to cut off access to the Mail from the Capitol grounds. Put a much more serious obstacle, involving questions of vested rights and great masses of private capital, eonsiste.J in the fact that Con? gress had granted authority to railroads to construct tracks across the Mail at about the middle of its Iength and to build a station in the public grounds. and these grants had but recently been confirmed by Congress after prolonged legislation for the elimination of grade cro.ssings. The Commission finally succeeded in seach ing an agreement with President Cassatt of the Pennsylvania Railroad, by which the Mail tracks and station were abandoned and the present Union Station, accommodating all railroad tracks entering Washington, was built in plaee of them. It was a most happy exchange, since it has not only resulted in the building of a station unsurpassed among the railroad terminals of the world, but has also allowed Washisigton to develop without hind drance into what ono day it will unquostion ably be?the most beautiful and magnificent of all the capitals of the world. Taft to Make Presentation; President to Accept On Tuesday of this week the Lineoin Me morial will be dedicated with a ceremony in keeping with the simplicity of the man iu whose memory the monument is erected. Tlie remnants of the Grand Army of the Republic ?men some of whom knew Lincoln, and all of whom fought to uphold the Union which ho preserved?will form a guard on the terrace when the colors are presented. They will be supported by veterans of the Spanish-Ameri can War and of the World War. The presen? tation of thc memorial will be made by former President William Howard Taft, and wi'l be accepted in the name of the Republic by -Pres? ident Harding. Edwin Markham, the author of "The Man With the Hoe," will read a poem to Lincoln which he has written especially for this occa siou. The invocation will be delivered by the Rev. Wallace Radeliffe and an address made by Dr. Robert R. Moton.