as ts 1 +
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THE SUN SUNDAY MAT 24 Mug v 4
I
UNDER THE WHITE CZAR
tun raorrna AND xninst nvrsn
OEl nr r1ln AVIOVRAT
The Fii d m mtnl CtemmiU of th Dlvori
If neil Population Arc the FUne > th
Tartnn < he HIyT Finn of
rinUxl Their Ilr thr U the Ilitltla
Frovlaeee nnd Their Uncivilised Kin
I red an Ilia Btrpp eTli Tartr
la the Different Part of the Empire
Tb Kotmnck the Siberian
nr MILI n MaAtiAir
Amid the bewildering diversity of the nnt >
sUn empires population there are to b distin
guished strictly speaking three fundamental
elements ID It tho Finn tho Tartar ale th
Blav People belonging to either of these
race or what li more frequent presenting a
ernsa between two of them are settled side by
Ihlo and apart from their Innate or acquired
peculiarities present a most vivid demonstra
tion of tho wel known fact that whenever
Aryans happen to settle amid people of another
race save perhaps tho sturdy Semites they
seem to prepare tho ayqulte unpremeditated
for the aborlKencs gradual deterioration and
ultimate extinction and that not only through
the survival of the fittest In lifes struggle but
Imply from the very fact of the presence of the
IndoEuropean race In short In Russia the
ame developments take place whenever people
of different races are brought In more or less
oDe contact that aro still observable In the
elemy the nobility the landed gentry the 011
of Oovornment employees and tho merchant
TIle Flnnsof Finland have preserved their
selfgovernment Intact mi to the present time
btlll It teems that Iho Finns never for 1 mo
ment forgot that eternal vigilance Is Iho
menl torlot
price of liberty tho more so ns tho
retention of their liberties li based I on
nothing but thn word of honor of an htiipcror
Thr watch tho
long since deceased They 101ich Ihl
llUMlan authorities with tho utmost sue
plclou and tho local press gets up quite a scuro
now and than by suggesting tho existence of
some wily attempt on the parts of tho Itus
wl Ilemlt 11 > lr
stans to curtail tho liberties nf tho Finns
In the mean time they let at limes HO eni
t
boldoned at the quietness of tho muchdreaded
whose they feel themselves
big hound at mercy IhemRelvs
thnt they nOl puss laws discriminating agalnrt
UuHslas commercial Interests Thus for Instance
UIAS
stance among other things they havo rained
tho protective duties agalnnt the Impor
tation of Hiisslnn manufactured gnnds ton
tnton llttlo short nf absolute prohibition
I point I alllto Ilrohlhliol
Naturally they have crentod enemies thereby and
Mrengthened the Impression of belnirliilnileal to
Urenlthele
Uussln and of nursing treasonable designs of n
political union with bwedcn Kuoli I
course can certainly never bo tolerated
by Itussla and If tho enemies of Fin
n 0 freedom over succeed In Impressing
the Czar wltli the actuality of such treasonable
tendencies nmotig tho Finns there Is no doubt
hut their Independence will bo greatly curtnllod
However from what came under my perconnl
observation during an extended trip through
Finland In tbo summer of 1NU41 hnvo no fear
of any nob dire contingency
lre ontDlcnoy
The Finns themselves constitute fivesixths of
the population of thoGrand Duchy of Flnlnnd
and are almost exclusively engaged In agricul
tural pursuits while In tho towns predominate
the Swedish clement mixed np with tuu Uermnn
and Huiilan In their disposition the mass of
the Finnic people reflect the gloomy natural
scenery amid which are cast tlie lines of their
existence All bout tholr country thorn Is
nothing but cold picturesque rocks and dark
placid lakes spreading amidst gloomy silent
forest They aro very hardworking yet tho
Huoml Finns literally live almost on nothing
10 poor Is their food that ofton In tho winter
r = 5 J < jZS el rr
A RELIGIOUS PROCESSION OF TARTARS
United States where tho Indian race steadily
declines and threatens to become extinct
I must be remembered that the four great
culture races are tho Tiiniiifan nr LrnlotUale
frequently misnamed Mongolian the Semitic
the Ctishlte and the Aryan Tho oldest of them
al Is the Turanian whose representatives pro
duced tho first known civilization now prove
older than tho Egyptian of which the ruins
and cuneiform monuments of Chaldca tbe low
lands of the Tiger and tho Euphrates are the
eloquent witnesses and remains The Turanian
race may also b set down a tho yellow race
0 Its eastern croup consists of the Chinese Mon
gols and Mundchu Its western group Is formed
of the Turks Tartars Finns and Hnpearlans
tbe latter being descendants of AttllaVs Iluns
mixed with Slav and some German elements
and having a language akin to tho Turkish
At the present time according to official sta
tistics there appears to b about five million
Finns In tho Itusslan It to
Huslln empire I seems me
however that tlicso returns nro not altogether
reliable on account of the fact that the Flnnlo
origin of many tribes of this people have bcon
ascertained within a comparatively recent date
while the official subdivision of tho races in the
empire has not been altered for a long time
consequently I Is not unnatural tn presume
that a few Flnnlo tribes aro still figuring In offi
cial lists among the Tartar or tho seven
million miscellaneous populatlon
Finns nowadays are found almost exclusively
In Russia and Bomo of thorn tn Sweden such
a tho Lapps for Instance The barbarians who
truck terror Into the hearts of the Europeans
and wen under the appellation of Inns wee
FInns as aro tho Magyars of Hungary the lat
ter by the way have achieved the highest civil
Izatlon attained yet by any people of Flnnlo orl
Bin The great numbers of Finns dwelling In
I the realm of the Czar belong either to the east
ern or tho western branch of that family or
j
Ii i It t I
i
t
1f 1 f
r
i CIIIIIBTIAtf TARTAnS Or KAYAK
i 1 M are to be reckoned a FinnoTartara pre
senting a mixture of the two peoples
Tho eastern group Is composed of these
I Tho Mordva In the very heartof Kustla between
I tween tho Volga and tho Oka as well as In the
central and eastern governments
I Tbo Tcheremlsscs on tho left bank of tho
VolgaThe
churn a The Zyrlans on the Dwlna and the Pet
1 4 The Tohuvaibes along the banks ot the
Volga
I Url 6 Tlio Vogools In tho northern part of the
I II Tho Ugrtan family having still represen
tatives In Ila
7 Tho Minks nomads In western Siberia
t Tho wuatern group U I composed of the follow
I Ingli rlroul COIP
1 Tho Finns proper living In the government
1 of St Petersburg and lu the Urand Uucby of
Finland where they form tho main lucby tho
population They cal theinselve Suomt while
1 I tho common name for those who live In whlo
ctnltv of tho capital Is Tchonktmee
Thu Kbihiuilaiis farmers settled In the
Koiuriimeninof Iithland 1 and llvliml
a The Karellnns 1 In Ihvnartlirastnf Finland
4 ThaTtmiateu In tho nortlivrost of Finland
II I u Tho VCJIM in the wont In tho region of tho
great Klnnlu luVcs as well an In Oreat ltu o
I Thu lnppi nonmds In tho Government of
I 1 Archangel und lu Lapland
7 Hiu Ilmlii Kurland
t I Thn Telent and
I I Ihitrioynts
Thu mixed FliinoTartartrlbo aroall situated
In lh euiturii parts nf tho country Theso arei
1 Iho Votlalonn tha Vlatka
r U IVrmluks In thu biuln ot the Kama
t Mmcberlukunn tho Kuma llKeirUe
4 The humoyelee nho ui tho Mvscherlaks
are nearer thu Monuo than the Tartar and
I 0 llie Tvptlnrs Moliuiiittuns Mcltlud al < the
antcrn kovirununta uf llusslu
Tiir KINNS nr 1l4SP
f The Finns of Flnlnnd ropre ent the noblest
type of thu Flnnlo ruee ami navo bon time out
of wild > ottlei nn the lands they occupy now
thoj nol
I nd uuyvr chnugeil from tholr nriglnul occupa
tion of iigrlciilturliti and tattlu breeders tuch
A they weru found to b In thu ninth con
tury Never have Unas gnlnM dlillnctlon as
WHrrlon In all cases they have been conquered
by their foos tholr talents and Mrtues lie In I
Irue
quite another direction
I 1 wan In 1 11U37 that tho Swedish King Krlo
thohalnt conertrd thu Finn to 1hrUlltuity
I by the power of tho lire and thvunord Atflrt
i they were madu Honun Catholics and later to
g tuer wltU their vonaueron patted over to
the Lutheran faith In order to maintain Chrl
tlantty a great many tiwrdix were sealed In I
rlnlaudjiirgauUlnKtliemiclves Into the higher
Jlnldl 8aIIIDi themltv IW hilher
ela el i aa rer iluce > tlirr rprCIOI lite
season It consists of a kind of hardtack crack
ers made out of rye four mixed half ana half
with the powdered bark of spruco tree Pau
pers are very numerous In Finland but as
among the Ilusslnn peasants pauperism thero
Is I by no means considered a disgrace but repre
sents an additional claim on alf Christians
consideration Accordingly the lioues of all
rural Finns evon such as aro very poor
themselves are at all times open to
the paupers who go visiting from house
to house accompanied by their entlra families
and nn every slue aro made to share all that tho
family can ntlord for themselves Yet not
withstanding their dire poverty thn Suomlo
manage to keep their houscu very clean arid
stealing them Under Is an the almost local unheardof law theft thine Incurs among the
penalty of capital punishment This sentence
Is always pronounced upon tho culprit but Is In
al cases commuted t penal servitude It need
WOWET or TiE vnrxu
hardly b said that the Finns havo trial by jury
It would b strange If they had not that since
open trial by Jury baa existed In Great Hussla
IDo 1800 and by this time Is extended to all
parts of European Itussla whore there Is any
civilization at all
TiE TIXKS Or TiE BATTIC PROVINCES
The nearest neighbors of tho Saomle of their
own blood are the Estln or Ksthonlans and tho
now almost extinct Llvs who have given their
name tn province called Livonia
The Esthsaro far behind the feuomlo tn civil
ization bat this may be entirely attributable to
the bondage In which they ha > o boon held for
nearly five hundred years by the Invaders of
Iro country and their relentless oppressor
the Herman barons descenders nf the Cru
sader who came to Christianize the Esths nnd
remained In tbo latter country ever slnco liv
sllcoIY
ing oil tbe hardy aborigines
I had occasion I to mention the Ruths In
peaking of the Germans In a preceding arti
cle I refer to them now only to point out that
tha grievances of the Kuths are In part of tho
amocharacter a that of the FlnnsSuomle
only donbly lnten lllcd Tho Germans who
represent In Ecthland what Is called tbe bet
ter or rather tho bolder and more affluent
Iluent
classes count only for something less than
7100 In the three Ilaltlo liovurnments tbo
rest of the population of this part or Russia
that Is so frequently referred to as the Her
man provinces of Hussla II composed of
30100 Finns 47100 LettoItthoanlans while
the balance Is made up of Russians Poles
Swedes and Hebrews
Jfbrewl
Notwithstanding the oppression to which
they have been for so many centuries submitted
Esths do not show tho slightest tendency to ex
tinction quite to the contrary la lact they
multiply fast nnd represent upward of a mil
lon now Their language Is the softest and
purest of the Flnnlo tongues they also have
1
1f f
A TcunnEUis1
Finn Ural
their press and national literature Most of
them belong to the llustduu Church 10st this
U I another ruanun for their oppro lon by their
Uuruian lords and
alllalur
TIIK UMIVUUlir > riXXS
Among thfiiuclveii the Flnnlo tribes differ
greatly not only In thu extent of their clvtllra
t clYllla
ton but 001 ut to tbelr racial tralli ui to
their religious ballof they are 1 minutely sub
dlvldeil that Finn appear to have a wider
ran o ot rellulous belief than any other race
on earth belonging al they do In tho Ituulin
orthodox or the Lutheran falthprofeulnglilam
HbauiauUm c whllo a great many of them
aro nnelltgulted parann I say undl
KuUed since It roust b owned that not rare
have ben the occatlon when omeenlerprUIng
rural police offlcvr Mimnwhere out In the Arctto
tundra or In faraway blberla getting Impa
ttent at tbe Ilownel of tt promotion would
I pre forcibly to baptlxa a w bol tribe and
one them to fie eniaUUbed cbarclt of 11 <
1 reporting this wonderful conversion to
the authorities ns being due to tho recognition
by the heathens of the light of Christianity
nnd gutting n decoration for his deal or pcrhap
the longcoviited promotion Tho sequel tl
Mich methods Is I that most of tho nomads am
halfsavage Finns nro duly entered the list
ns communltnnts of tho Itusslan Church ro
mntnlng all thn whllo Indians nnd having no
more conception nf Christianity than Iho Any
ag Indian lias nf chemistry
all lulnn the Flnnlo Irlhos show their Turanian
origin In their yellow skin high cheek bones
nnrrow yet not slanting eyes scanty bcnrds
flat nprondoiit nnecn some hnvo also short
crooked legs deformed either by the rickets do
vcloped In children through spending long Arc
tic wlnterc In smoky draughty tentsou wholly
V I
QI
1
11 rA
Inadequate tool n li I the case with the Fnmo
ycds or else by constant horseback riding as
with tho Ilashkfrs whow children aro taught to
rldo L before thoy aro ablo to walk uou With 0 fow 0 0
coptions tno riunio peoples aro muro ur icsa iu
dnstrlous and honest stealing being the rarest
of faults among them ery pcacoful although
taciturn looking down on tholr women and
making tho latter do tho hardest of work bout
hohousoor tents In which many of them being
noiuuda live Others however having an ad
mixture of Itusslan blood like the Knrellans nr
tho yrlana both Christian tribes aro tall
straight and fairly cool lonklng the Inltor dis
playing not Infrcquontlynivilllno Drone again
hoso nf tho Lopslnhnbltiints of Lapland at
most wholly dependent on the reindeer for their
existence although they do not disdain even tho
noat of the wild boasts of the forest that havo
Swedish blood In them aro tall and blond and
sometimes fairly attractive Hut for tho most
part the halfcivilized Finns aro as repulsive as
ind looks beings nnd untidy habits can make any human I
Many tribes arenomaas yet or half nomads
Ivlng In winter In their badly ventilated houses I
And migrating to tho seashore or to tho rivers
as soon as summer sets In Such nro as yet the I
tashklrK living otT tholr droves nf horses and
celebrated fnr tho healing qualities of the ku
nyns they make which HiiFsInn Invalids coma
tn drink on tho spnt spending whole sum
mcrs In the Bteppcs of Snranna llvlngrlnht amid
tho nomad Tho Hahklm aro Mohammedans
and speak a Tartar laiiBiago akin tn the Hun
cnrlnn Tho Samoyedf ar Incorrigible nomad
ovlng their Arctic tundrns and marshy forests
nakln tlielr tents ns well ns all the coverings
tor their bodle nut nf reindeer skins thrusting
themolves Intn rolnilcer skin bngs with I few
openings to them nnd going abut In such bags
winter after winter
Tho Vntlaks hldoouslooklng people with
heir flaxy halrnnd whitish tlsliy eyes oven at
his late day have to be trlul occasionally for
killing people so as to nfTor them us human
sacrifices their wnodon Idcls the
Mcrlic to ther wOOlon Idr oulflt rotlr
Inl serviceable hospltnblntlnkBllvenn drlnd
llsh In winter and In other ensnnsent tholr llh
raiv nnd on occasions drink thoblooil of freshly
slauchtcred nnlmals vnrtlv In tlio gulso of
nodlclno for the scurvy so prevalent among
them and partly because they like I the taste
Most lf the Finnic 1rII II thnt aro not t the
Moslem persuasion restrict thomvelves to nio
nnd their rule conform
louamv AII women as I to
tho universally established rnes as to textthl
virtues but een to this rule there nro hldcou
exceptions as In the cno nf the Votlnkb men
tioned above arnnnt wbnui tho IKUS aro mar
ried children to oiiienthatnreabnut
as mere chldrel II nnrn lre abnnt
INI years older than themselves He ldes this
tho Vntlaks In select In
ltkA marrying eect II preferencu
women having I children tho mnro ho buys so
as tn brlni woikurs Intn I thn household i r that
vouM soon bo able to display tbelr uscfulnesA
I wonlil I bn unjust however to rt the Rtono at
the Vntlaks for this Mnco Ibo
Ulk tlr IIco exactly same
irnctlce of marrying nomen havlm eternl
children obtains In the south of France every
where about Dix Hayonne and lllarrlt and
thr Homnn Catbnllc clergy seem tumble to check
I t However with the Frem h thn man who mat
rles the woman la l almost always the father of
the children she brines him
Snmo of tho Finns livu by agriculture but tbe
majority aro fishermen hunter and trappers
Among tbo Inter are the Voioolsincl Permlnks
loth M low In development that tli yih < > their
ntellect rolely I In the cunnlne nltli which they I
entrap the wild nnlmals On the other Mile the
leoplo called yrlnns who uru hunters and trnp
iers alio nre verv Intelligent Indeed although
hoy aro tempted to I this Intelligence In nn
unscrupulous nay nadir rotibln anil cxtilnlt
Inl their Blmplemlnded nelKhbors tho Same
eds pnlsonlnc tho latter with bad nilkn and
getting them entirely 111 their clutches virtually
nnklnc serfs nf them Tho Xyrlan Is I a fearless
mntor thlnklicR nothing nf facing a bear mIl
ICHpntchlncr him Rlnalo handed ho
1tIalhln Inll hlllrl ns ioes
uintlnc h bites off plecesnf lend from a blab he
carries own strong and fashions teeth the lead Into bullets by his
TIU TAIITAIIS
Tho very name nf Tartar Is misleading
elnco to most minds it conxevs I remembrance
of tho Mongolian hordes that invaded Kurojie
II the thirteenth century and threatened to
d lestrny Kuropenn civilization Vot tho fact Is
hat tho Tartars have themselves been driven
away by the Mongols from thnlr original lands
In Turkestan As stated previously they elong l
to another branch of the yellow nice the Iralo
Utnlc and they are strictly speaking Turks
IIIAT IILSMAN WOMKVOfrnE MIKES OF prml
Iho pamens tho Ottomans There nro In Itussla
omu Tartar tribes thnt aro akin to tho Man
ols but thoso nro nf a very mliod clock not
iuru Tartars by any means standing much
rarer to tho Finns than thu Mongols Inac
uratu Is I also thu Huiclan official statement
irlnelnu tho number nf thu Tartar tribes inlmb
Ilnl thu empire to the llijure nf nine million
They are by no meant fo nuiiieroun as that and
tho mistake Uduo I to thu fact that nnth Mu
li > llcal list many tribe are entered ns Tartar
who hnvo nn right to tho name nt all as tho
Clrghl for Instance ot whom theru aro over
til millions
Tho descendants of llatyo and JinkIs Khan
whobo followers l1to thu entire enat
lllw rs occupied nncn 1ltlro lst
ot Kuropeun lliifctU ficatturlng ninnni thu Im
ilc tribes iuttleil In thou pars aro now even
ess trnubleBnino ttrn the Finns moro ill
Tided uniniig themaelvcs and besides uvery
whero thulrcattlementb aro now surrounded on
alolloR by llusulans who havo steadily puMied
tho Tnrtarx coming from thn went However I
thl fact nf tho Hussluns having cvcnwhero
ler the Tartars tho unlrnminulleiT UHU of their
tloslem religion hns erected an liutienetrnblu
iarrlcr brtHuen the tun peoplo 1he witty
ronchuud to nay that Mruti lithe luolln
1111 > ou will llml the Tartar but even thy
0001 to hate relegated thU nlttlclsm tn the
rchlvos klncu their own countryman thnt
iiliibtnklng and learned liivntlgator of Itiiislo
1 Leroylleaulleu hns ileclnreil The Implro
nt tho IVnrs pace 80 thnt thn Husulani
iovo hardly any Tartar blond In them they
lave ln a Tartar blonil than < tho rpnnlsh liavo
loorlsh or Arab blond Tho Tartar
urlm tha threu centuries nf thvlr
nvinlon uf Hufula barely levied trlbutu
1IrI
rum the llUNBlan province lying to the ninth
an1 the northwest of them they never llteil
mongthem Thu only outright bettlement of
lIrlar among llusilun Slavs tnok place but
0110 nnd that svui when In thu fourteenth
entnry King Vttovt took a nninberof Tartar
> ri onor nnd nettleil them In Llthuanlu and In
rrlonor wliero they iiubseqiiuiitly adopted 1
Ioldl names and were then entirely merged
ellro1
II tho Polish population On the other hand
uch of the ItiinUns an descend I from tho
brUtlanUrd Tartars rully illitlngillKhed
lhrlUlallzel are raly llllgllMId
hromih their nuiiien ucli a thu Ha liKlrt7ef
he llakhmetefii thu liarablim the Karen
leeks tho Princes Shakovskoyt Mestcherskyii
aUtl others When any Tartar chief calc
llrza adnpte < l Chrlitlanlty IUd Idomllltd him
s1 with < the ItUMlans he received tbe ituiilan
Itle of prlncK conMsiurntly with rare pxcep
tlos thl > title when coupled lo a name ot
artar origin carries very little Importance
with It I In the eitlmntlnn of tho llumlans
Die Tartars that live In ItuuU are very
l > a < otal and although as a rule they do not
mix socially with people of other nationalities
Itll they appear entirely satlttleU with tlielr
appa
lot while the llniilan authorities seem t trust
hrlr loyalty Implicitly ever since tbe Crimean
war during which the Tartars of the eoutn and
tlo Crimea hardly lent any service to tbelr 0
t
ellglonliU tbe Turks who were amontr the tu
e aonl to
Yaer And < e now a trail are th tie
Uat bind tho Tartar to other Uvaleuu tbat la
the Crimea It Is I by no means safe fnr Moslem
missionaries to venture amid the Tartar Mt
ttemehU Tho Itusslan authorities do not pro
hlblt such missionaries t go among tho Tar
tari dlnce both aro Moslems but tho local Tar
Ur not Infrequently lay violent hands on fuch
missionaries bind them securely nnd dlver I
them to the ItuMlan police with tin request 10
expel the Intruders Hut then the Crimea
Tartars religious are matters noted for their laxity ai concern
As a rule tho Tartars nre cnnnlng and rathe
unscrupulous In their dealings with Christians
nlthnnuh among themselves they aro the per
Ironl
Bonification nf honor All their transactions in
trade nra inudo orally and faithfully kept t He
tncen Tartars and Mongols there Is I strong
hereditary enmity originating most likely In
tlielr riillqlnus Icitnlngs tho first being MoIcn
and tho Mongols mostly Huddhlits Thu Hus
man authorities aru awnre of thu tnt ant tine I I
to their nihanlaen whenever occasion oflors
but of course this Is good dlplotnaoylopu sine
consecrated by tradition
Throughout Itimsla tho name of Tartar stand
not so much for 1 typo as fnr n certain grndo n t t
culture Itnpmng the Mohammedan faith I I
wnuld beldlo to expect any purity nf typo In the
tlo
Tartars who from times Immemorial have llvei
by mills of fnrelgn lands bringing tmck wltl
tem Ibo handsomest women they could gctnni
Installing those ns wives all slaves In thel
harems Their own typo has been thoroughly
modified by this strong current nf outside blond 1
uhllunn tho cither hand In tho eastern prov
inces nf Itussla they hut e greatly blended with
tbu Finns
llnsTII TAUT A113 OC KAZAN
Tho purest typo nf Tartars Is considered to bo
thnt of tho Tartar nf Knrnn tho ancient cnpl
tal of the thrco Khanates that sprang from tho
dlptnombcrmcnl of tho lolden rrlll that lies
Inthorcglon whiruthorlver Kama Hows Into tho
Volga Hern they aro generally tall and er ct
havo olive complexions nnd perfect oval faces
clear cut profiles rnther narrow Mack eyes not
elnntlng nnd cheekbones thnt aro but sllchtl
prominent while many of their women kept
In strict feclusloii In their harems havo as
handsome and largo black tho Georgian
hlnIRlle nllllarKo oycs as orliln
nr tho Armenian women lliomeu shato their
heads and wear small skull cnps They nru
noted for tbutr strict morality and thu neaco
thnt reigns In their families as well as fur per
sonal cleanliness They mostly tnko to trade
nnd nro very Hlcc Thor In this pursuit wlillo
tho poorer ones gn about the streets of Itustdnn
cities crying JO clothes or selling very good
egg soap in thu making nf which they excel
Homo of tha Tartars grntv very rich and own
large manufactories and It Is not an unusual
thing to sco these rich Tartars attired In their
long cnaln and richly embroidered knll caps
attend balls of tho nobility of Kuran although
thoy huilcllo together do not take part In tho
dancing and never bring their women along
Such as havo visited Makka wear white tur
bans The Tartars often become waiters nml
excel tho ItasHnns In that occupation Walters
In tho most fashionable restaurant of Hu Ma
oro generally Tartars Wherever thn Tartars
nro In the minority In the local population tholr
women discard their veils but this dncannt add
vei no ntd
to tlielr attractiveness Mnco they have I way nf
painting their pound teeth n black color and
their hair and nails 1 darkish red color tbn
women nra not made to work much In Tartar
lioiiftcholds
There aro no Illiterate Tartars ntnons thoso
of Kazan all boys aro taught by thu priests tho
Phf J
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r f
1
1
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11
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4 I
f 4 1 Ytr f
lf 1 i I Itl I J V 1 > It i
i1 li 7jir
i = t
svMovrns
mollahs nnd the girls by their mothers They
hnvo printing houses of their own nml Helm 1
number of books In the Tartar tongue As to
the Knrnn nlthniiih they nru erj orthodox
thuy simply learn parts of It by heart without
nny understanding of tho Arabic languaico tn
which It la I w rlttun Still they aru nut itrlct In
keeping away from liquor ns enjoined 1 by thu
Moslem religion can outdo a Hiimliui In u
drinking bOlt and hardly ever touch hnrno
flesh except In villages when reduced tn thnt
stnplo article of Tartar diet by dlro < poverty
TIn TAHTAII8
Nowherodo thn nsslmllntlve cnpacltles of tho
treat llnsslnns how them elv < with micli
force ns In Siberia where from tho first they
assumed tho rnlc nrcrnquerorsof all the aliorlu
Inal peoples never svvorvoil from this position
and aro looked up to accordingly although not
much trusted The Tartnrs of Mbcrla
too mich trllel nrnrs Iberll nro
ncrlculturlsts who havo b
by
mostly olrlclllrlt no means
ill vested themselves of the Imbttsof the no
mads Their honesty however Is proverbial
Thus astorv In told as to how I merchant hav
ing I long list of creditors lost his ledger 111 n
llro and could not recall hovr mnch each Tnrtnr
owed hIm however the total of their indebted
ness to him he remembered perfectly well Hn
denvormg to make a new list of wlot was iluu
to him he Interviewed all his Tnrtnr customers
jottingilowntlic sum of fachmihs Indebtedness
to him jnst as the latter stated 11 to him What
was tho merchants astonishment when liar
Ingdoncthlf he found that themini total vouched
for by these conscientious creditors amounted
exactly to thu sum thnt he rembembered vns
tot down In his lost ledger as the total of tbolr
dcbu lot I man mining thu Tartars hit gave
tho amount of his debt correctly Tho trlbo
unions which thin occurred were the rncnytzy
nf thu Christian faith hut It h I raid the nro no
exception Tlio other local trlliesaro tho ICat
i hlntry Kajba the Tartars of Kyll and nf
Tchnl m all displaying a strongly marked Mon
golian type whllo the Kinnll local tribes nf the
Kargnss and the Arltcn aie more like tbu Mnnd
chu race Half nomadn as they all nro thoy
aro born horsemen and It Is paid that even
when ono of them uetsMnpldly l drunk on nraka
fermented drink ho
I spirit they muko out of
alwajs clings to his hor < e the itnlmnl bringing
Mill safely hnme I he 1 ureit majority of thu
Siberianlarlnrs aro Mohammedans of thu Sun
nlo persuusinn and they urn reported us ex
tremoly Intelligent and cnpablu nf cultivation
Tit NIHIAV TiirAli
Tartars present striking cnntiasts among
themselves aecnrdlng as to tho locality they
belong to lhe I Noeny lartnm breeders of
ennrmnus hcirds ot cattle with which they I roam
nhntit the vnt atomics nf thu north of the nenln
rulnof Taurlappear to bu lln < ul dcMeiidants
of the robber hordes that dovaituted 111 U In
tlie thirteenth century They hnvo a mnoi pro
nounced Mnngollan lIe nro vrv craftydo
coltful and avaricious linnever they mo not
such robbers thieves Thuy
oucl now as lclllhle just
llvonn eoBBlp as loot noinndsdo Their women
aro perfect slaves to Ibo men and wear a tillver
ring In the left nostril Helng Mnhnramednn
lullite and Millies tboy allow thu men to
ke p sovetal wives each still marital fidelity
ranks high among them
TIIK CmviKAN TAHTAHS IllOIIMl
The Taurls was formerly tho Btinnghnld of
the Tartars from which they pent nut tholr pillaging
laging expcdltlnnx north mm inlays hovevir
thnt is a must beautiful locality vv horn inhabi
tants llobj thu cultivation of tho ioil 1 and In
tha oxtrumu south hy fruit growing Many
Tartar emigrated from theie as conn as Ihu pon
liiHiilnvvns cnnquered In tho Inn century by
Catherine I again between tho ycirx INilu
1MIIH ugrent exndus took plaeu there lit ally
<
two hiindreil thousand icnplo cmlcratud to
Turkey nnd oven now the iniUTitlim of Crimean
onl 1IIJrnll
mean 1 nrlars continues t 11 Mil ill scale They
are I lary casyKoini gossipy people having
ho liking for any work Inallng nil thiounhthu
winter knowing thnt tlie lain sniiiincr nnd full
will bring them a pcrfec It sliovver of money fioin
llussluii lourlsts who tlirom Hie southern coast
of tho Crimea n locality renovv ncd ullke for Us
grand fcenery I 10ca1tr vivifvlng climate Thn
local Tartar guide intnurlitH and In
lucnl1arlor engage us tl Illrl18 anlll
1luhle
tint role with their plftureiiue cnstuniesaiid
remarkable benuty they aru I Ihnrnueh keep
tliK vvlth the bewitching biirroundinc
Ihu Tartar wnmen aio nntfo hnndHomonstho
men and buslrio they mar their loiks by plus
terlng tbelr faies and iljelng tlielr Iair palms
and nails I brownish fl Again they aio
spoiled h their Indolence upending dajMtfier
ila8 piiunttlng on cushions tlirust over tho rim
that cover thu floora In their mud dwellings It
mally U hard to nureo to tliu dolliiltlein thnt
ranxs tho nborlclnusnf thu nnulh eoist nf tho
Crimea vvlih thu Tiiitam 1or U U I a Hull
Known fact attested bv I thu yieldlnirs of the un
dent mouiiiU MI plentiful In tlio Tanrls that
III prehistoric tlC that plncuvvnt ncttlud with
a 1 peopla inppobrd to be Iho Uolhs then In
ancient tluio lieek colonies were etabll8hed
there with which the story nf tho sulTerlnts of
Iphltfcnla Is eo closely bound Later on tho
lenoeie built them their forts and cite
Lventunlly all civilization therocrumbled un
der tbo on > lnuglit of triumplinnt Islam Klrt
trllllholi
theblnoinliitf country was nnrpt by the horlo
nf tlie Tartar Ihan Hero anil later on by the
And now tho population nf the Crimea showe
traces of all tlice nationalities Tlio classical
beauty of tho local Tiirturs combined with u
light color and many other trulls leell lo bear
evidence tn the noblu blnnd nf tho ancient
Irrcki alt the medlievel Italians cimrInK In
their vein I they bate Ihil i retained a great
thpJ <
many Irolk and Italian words In their vocabu
larv and have a much milter pronunoluilnn
than other Tartar Hotliki their descent the
Turanian ttrrak nf blond In them ua In all the
Tartar and Turk In fact had been further
lute by the conitant addition to their
liaremiof foreign wiitnuii who wero not either
by rid abroad or by purchase
TUB KAlUfCKS
It I hardly right to place In the r nk of the
Tattari tl bomtljr Boujftiln wlto aro thtlr
f u
neighbors In the extreme lonUieatt of European
Ilrpll
IltiHHia the lUfmuc who roam In tho CIs
Caspian Iahuo quailing In their tents
itlbltkiiinalonf fell over wooden frames
Not only are Ih Intterof undoubtedly Mongolian
< f littn 1lt they nre very much Ilko the Chinese
In looks in tlCt as distant from the lUiMlans
and Tartnrs In appearance n can b They
nru very Inconsiderable In numbers and have
but recently settlvd In European Itussla having
migrated from Asia Although It Is I tho Crar
ho nnmlnntcs not the chief ot thn Kalmuck
tribes called tho Grand Llama mill the Kal
mucks acknowledge Ihemsolvrs the spiritual
clilldrcn of the Dalai Llama of Thlliet and ills
play n civilisation nil their on n They are very
lt i i j I
religious and honorhlghiythelrcclllinto priests
who are for the most pnrt men nf great lenrnllu
In their wny they do lint restrict themselves te
thu worship of their wooden and 1 metallic Idols
hit net as medicine men of the clan as astroln
uors astronomcm and even havo artlntlc m
duwments nceupy themselves with painting
wlh
pictures and Illumlnntltig sacred Dlntnl
lint busy watching tho Blurs tor directions
t 8lrl directons
1 htKnlmiinks nro 1 pntrlnrchnl pcnplot their
children display tha utmost respect fur theIr
pnrents but what Is more women with them
Mann so liluh n with tin other penplo outside
tho pale of Western clrlllrallnn The wlfo II
complete mistress of tho hiiiueholdnnd calls on
the men to help her In every wav not only
Het
would I not shu think of saddling H horse for n
tnnn or of helping to ml up tholr tent klbltkft
nsiionll thn wnmen ntnonc nnniads bnt any
man would put nlnonl of his way t show
politeness in I wntipin and wnuld not presume
to retiuest the lowest nmonit them to hold his
hon Irl her 0111 ho dare refuse refrnshmen1
when offered byanoman The Kalmuck aro
accomplished horsemen great ore the horse
races lliov rrganlro and tlielr women nro not
much behind tho men tn thcpe accomplish
ments a woman tlilnls nothing of throw
ing hereelf on her horso and galloping
ou tin tho hteppn In pursuit of an Intlme1 horse
nnd n Mmvvleldn tbo lasso no worse than a cow
boy ihu seldom falls to bring the wild horse
back set any limn feels compelled to jump
down from his horse so R to help down I wo
man from hem were ho to eeo that nho Intends
tn alight Tho Kalmucks nru monogamists am
illvorou Is iiurmlMlhlu nmong them althougl
difficult to obtain Once divorced however Ibo
womnn rccclvoa bock her whole dowry Tho
vrtt
wninun do not cover their faces 111 freolv f asso
clato In dances and In games vvlth the men Tho
mel aro ureat at their handicrafts aro carpen
ter gunners even shoemakers when not fol
low Ill their herds In tho steppes cleaning I out
wells for them nr beating aliout the steppes In
pearoh of tho animals xtiajed In I snow Morm
Tlio accomplishment a Kalmuck prides hlmsol
most ot Is I tlin way ho throws bis club and In
deed ho does It with a degree of cunning une
qualled by any other men Ho tnkes prompt
aim and seldom misses attaining hlo object
whether It buslmplv to throw a rider from his
horse to wound and overtake nn I animal or olso
sclfBamoclub to kill a wild beast on thu spot all with the
THE FRXXSnrAXIA DUTCH
Good Material thnt Hit Not Hern Utilized
hy the Hlory Writer
Prim Ihr Mfa < WiM < i fi rnfng Trlteraph
No Inn has yet told tho heart of the 1cnnsvl
van Inch Doutsch Almost nlonoamnng tho non
English spcnklnc peoples long established In our
country they await their rovoaler
Tho Into Dr Seldcnstlckor wrnto much In
Gorman about their history their religions
their Inn I1e ludiro Pcnnypickcr has madu I
study of their eottlcmcnt of tho State Dr Ilar
bnuuh speaks authoritatively as ono of tbolr
number and Mrs Glblons hns recorded some
of tbolr Interesting customs Hut there has ot
to bo written a novel of Icnnavlvanlsch Deutsch
llfo Moravian llfu In Hethlehcm has figured In
one or tvvn short stories but these dwelt prlncl
pally nn tho quaint customs of these modern
followers of Hiiss nnd Xlnrindorf they wore
not revelations nf their Inner life
nereis a great opportunity fnr a novelist a
field of virgin soil Unit will brln forth abun
dant fruit Hut tho nmn who tells the heart o
thoPennsylvunichIeiit < chmustboonoof them
bu I must hnv o lived nmnmr them and known them
nnd loved them nnn hated tnem If they nro to
b len I 1 > place In literature It must lit done
quickly for with the eotiitant eten lnn of rail
roads and cnuipul nry education they are bo
cnmlne rapidly Angliclred and In another gen
eration much of tbelr plcturviucness their
mul tlr
customs nnrt manners of the Khcnlsh father
land vrlll havodtsappcared The emannorsaiid
customs would bo surprisingly and
ourJrllull strange ald re
freshing to the general render as well as nf
thu greatest vnliie to tho student of folk
lore Thn Halloween pranks the ElI
tereeg liuntlnr tho forecnntlng nf falobytho I
sediment ul In thu ilu barrels how theno nnd a
Ihoupmd other practices unknown to the in a
Jnrlty o their brethren of Hrllish aneestry
rnulcl bu introduced Into stories of their lives
They aru geucrnll con ldercd I stolid unimag
inative people and perhaps they aro but tlielr
lower classes away back In tho llttlo mountain
alley of tho tier of Dutch counties from
nll ter cuulte
Northampton on the east to Adams on the west
have superstitions and traditions that are of In
tense Interext And llfu with them In all Its
great features of tho struggle for existence and
tlio Mrucclt for advaneement of love and of
hate of Joy and of orrow nf excitement and of
uionoton Is I the f1110 ns with all mankind
And then vvliut a background Is It played out
agnln < t What pictures nf natural benuty of
rugged grandeur nf pastoral serenityf monot
onous farming lands of dense gloomy forests
do the mere miming I of tho Dutch counties
<
hrlnz up Monroe Northampton Lohlch
lierki Ducks Montgomery Lancaster Leba
non Dauphin York Adams and Perry I Tot
every phne of tho natural beauty of Penn
sylvania reveuled In ono or tho other of
tlieto counties Then how different aro
thu various icrliian peoples Inhabiting
them What contrasting characters their
various religions develop Herman He
formed Lutheran JchwenKfelder Men
lionlte Dunkard and Moravian and how dl
verccnt In I the dally Itfonf thoso sects Iho
Pennsylvania 1 Deutsf li aro 1 people distrust
ful of btrancers nud this has proven a barrier
tnnnv other than one uf themnelves giving tho
nnrld tlielr I Inner hl tory and in bornamibrnl
Pennsylvania Oerman hns risen to npeak fnr his
rnce llaynrd Tajlnr was Pennsvlvanlsch
Deuthih on his mothers nldu but bis Interest In
matters derman found Its outlet In the father
land and W l I Ilnwelli another litterateur
of tbu fiaine mntcrna nncc trv hnd tho
misfortune to bo born and bred In
Ohio The Pennsvlvanlsch IKlitsrh aru au
knovvledctd 1 to bo tho best farmers In America
tbo traditions and customs of many nf their
farm laborers nre of an Old World order found
now hero else in America tlio Pequca alleyis I
nn Ideal scene for I farm Idyl yet none of tlio
Ielinj h anlsch DeutHCh hns written It Tho
Ponnsjivnnleh Deutech were tho tlrst weavers
and vintnuers and printers of Pennsylvania yet
nnnootthein bus written a utory of tlio old
lrrmrvn C Industries tow n WINO they first establlsho 1 these
earonnt ndvncntlng a literature In Ponn
svlvanUch DeutKch hut we iln want toneothe
Penn Ivatilseli Deutsch given a placu In
Enkllsli lltiriture I them no man of their
race to do thin for them Ills would be t life
nobly spent
101t inntixa HVII lHJtDAY
A UJIey IVho IIa > lea Driven to T aeb
IDE Ovvlntt tt tlir Jllcyclo Crurr
Tven tho wandering gypsies feel the Influence
of tho popular rage for tho bicycle The bead
of I g > psy family camped for some weeks near
Now Hochclle complains that tie dullness of
the liorsu market brought about In part by the
popularity of tho bicycle has taken from him
nn Important Hourco of Income He has a few
unrn horses than he needs to drag his great van
about Iho I country nnd It has been his custom
fur tnt years to muko a trade whenever tha
ipportunlty nlfera nut nobody cares to trade
Kir es uiiyinnru nnd he is I driven to other
tlmds of earnlm livelihood
mi tlll II nrln < I Ivolhlor
Luckily fnr him hu hat vuilous resources
Invlntc a fair education ho undertakes to tench
oiing men mathcmullcx penmanship and even
clcKraphv Iln guts pupils too luno mechan
lel vv ho wUh to learn something of arithmetic
or algebra undoceMslnnullv ole that liana fanry
tur learning tulcgraphv Tho gipsy llad that
hlo puplU ask quoitlons of him tbat they would
inrdly a k of an ordinary schnnlmastur Ihey
omo to him hy night for tho most part and R
Ir Mays Hix or eight weeks at n good camping
ground ho In ablo to do 1 good deal fnr a willing
nipll Meanvthile his wlfn telU fortunes with
rreut sueccin and In spite nf the bicycle tho
uinlly hnpus to keup up the romantic life fur
unity J cum to come
AiirioTff rtx HATE
To Iln the Hnma V n t YearCornellu
VunilorUllt tbe Ilcnvlmt Tiixpurcr
NlvvpiiiT May 10 Newports lax assessors
nnounerd today that the rate fnr the year
vnuld bo S10no per thousand tho xamo as last
eir It ivnsthoiiKht that becausn of a falling off
li the porsnnul property valuation the rate of
aatlun vuiuldliavotobolncreaicd Tills caused
oiikternutlonainnng muny of tha summer rest
ents but a gain In roul ejtato value wan found
ulllclent to more than maku up for tlie loss
u perwinal estate As usual very much more
han half tho property U In the form of cot
anus und vHluB owned by residents of New
ork According to the tax auusimont re
ported today Cornellui nnderbllte villa Is
he incut valuable In Newport It being taxed
nr jiwiooi Mrs Heluonla inarblo bouse
s tho uuxt In vulue
Iutrlollitu l > Wlndbma
> rom A HnQor uffy fttwt
In the town of Wlndlmro near the Ilaymond
tne live William llurlund veteran of the
war who cannot bo outdone tu patriotism by
ny man in the Inlted btalet Vor year he
ins kept three rUge cuiiitantly flying one from
tlagstall In thu front yard one from his houne
nd u third from hl huu house HU homo U
latnted In allerintu stripes ot red white and
> luond In various convenient places are the
rgulatlon number of etari ThcMecviot hU
oyal IIMU mu l It uoutlfbBaent or good cJtl
eiublp
itotr iiaiaianATioiT JIAB ntsatt
CAnttXED ox nr DECADES
AND MACKS
The rroportloDi of ForelRK Bern to Total
ropnlnllon for Forty Ynr Ilfnultr of
HeUlemcntltlali Tld In Immlicrutlon
WABIIINQTON May 2ilt Is a loan time
since to elaborate a tudy of Immigration ilsv
tlstlcs has been mode In Congress as during
the recent debates nnoti tho Ixxlgo bill In tho
Honato and upon tho McCall bill with Us
Corliss amendment In thr House It is worth
noting by tho way that UKMO two measures
although directed to tho narno purposo of ap
plying to the Immigrant n rending and writ
Ing test differ a llttlo In details The Lodgo
bill excludes perrons over 14 years of ago
who cannot rend nnd write sotno language
except that tho parents or crnndparentsof an
admissible Immigrant may accompany him
or bo tont for by him Tho McCnll bill mnkus
the iges for the reading and writing test bo
tweon 10 and 00 with an exception In favor of
the parent of persons now living horo or here
after admitted Tho McCall bill alto con
tains provisions for further enforcing tho
Contract Labor law upon Immigrant and for
modlfylnc Immigration from Canada
Careful and detailed records of Immigra
tion have been kept slneo tho year IS0 and
those ot previous years were relatively unim
portant since not until the year endingSept
20 1BC4 aro 10000 arrivals In a year re
corded And In fact up to 18fiM thn records
of alien arrivals were combined whereas after
that dale they were sctnuatcd Into Immigrant
and nonImmigrant clan os Tho mo t fa
moui decode In Immigration wns the ono from
1881 to l no InclusUc for which tho figures
wore In the airsregate CS4tl013 wheroas
the previous decode had shown only 281
101 and tho decade from Jan 1 1801 to
Juno 30 1870 only ail4824 Another fa
mous docndo of high tide In Immigration wns
tho ono from 1851 to 1800 when tho total of
alien pnfsengors nnd Immigrants wan CnK
214 whereas tue previous dooado hud seen
but 1718931 Iho decado from lfc11 to 1840
only CnolCJ and tho ono from 1H21 to 18I10
only 143t1U Ko far at can bo Judged from
Its first half tho current decade will not qutto
come up to Its predecessor tho reckoning uo
to 1805 showing a tntul of 2880074 Still
there may bo another flood tide Iwforo IfiOO
Ip to the end of tho loot fiscal year tho sta
tistics showed an aggregate since 1820 of
17708ini persons It If to be remembered
that thosn Included alien passengers In the
earlier years not Immigrants but on tho
other hand Immigrants from British North
America and Mexico havo not been Included
sliuo July 1 18H3 Perhaps In round num
bers wo may expect Iho figures uo to the fiscal
jear 18110 to show nearly SOnooOOO Hut
It Is noteworthy that while tho Immigration
of tho last fifteen years has l on prodigious
tho percentage of foreign born to total t ou
iatlon AHS not greatly Increased during the
last thlrtyllo years That Is to say while
tho actual number of foreign born was 04 >
547 In the census year 1810 or more than
double as much as In 1SOO when It was4KI8
007 yet tho percentage to thn total population
was only 1477 In the former case against
1110 In the Intter During tho two Inter
mediate census years tho percentages wore
1444 and 1312
Excluding Alaska and Indian Territory tho
country has an average of 2111 Inhabitants
per nnuaro mile This Is a llttlo greater den
sity than that of Norway but not ijulte ns
great as that of Sweden It Is rnefnnrth that
of Spain or Ircece a little more than one
Fetcnth that of Denmark IortnsMl or Scot
land about ono9eenth that nf Ireland ami
perhaps about onctwcntythlrd partuf Knglnnd
Ve still have room therefore for tho right
kind of Immigrants
During thB last ll ral year 270048 Immi
grants arilved In this cmntry exclusive of
those from Hrltlsh North America and Mexico
Some published tUures sav that there ts an
nctunl Increase of lit071 Immigrant frnm Ire
land 11217 frnm Kngland and Wales Hi from
Scotland and 122 from Ilnland whereas all
other countries In Kurone phnwcd a decrease
that of iormany amounting to 21811 and
that of Italy to TiVjt Hut during the current
ear them has wen a great Increase In Immi
gration from Italy AH an olTset tho dabar
ring of these Immigrants has boon carried on
to an unprecedented extent tho result being
a decided check utxm Immigration frnm this
source of late
Mention has been made of tho fact that
prior to 1R20 no exact statistics of Immigra
tion were kept It has been estimated how
ever that between 1T8I1 and IHVO about 2iO
t00 immigrants may have settled In the coun
try Thu figures also since 1820 nro notasa >
cnrate as could bo desired from tho cansns
already mentioned and also from the lack nf
taking account 3f Immigrants who lime landed
a setond tlmo after a visit to their nntho
homes Still It Is obvious what in Influence
has been hnd upon aur present population by
thin Inllux from foreign hinds
Of tho H2o22Vl who formed our popula
tion at the 1HK coniMis > iiT2Tui v ro na
tives nnil n > 140M7 fnrelcn Imrii Hut nf tho
nntho born HosiOlli hnd both parents and
i418ilf > tl had ono parent foreign This gives
a total of 2075222 cither foreign Imrn nr of
foreign pnrentazo nn omi or botli sides Taking
as proUiblc a total of IN02785 aliens arriving
up f > Ian 1 18111 Mr Nelson cixes these
result In ela slfjnc by countries nnd by races
iermany Rilpplles4ll7i0ltl of tho number or
moro than onefourth Next comes Irelind
with 40I511H thru Knirlnnd ttlth 2i70il
and fourth bcandlniitlA with lilfi5Vi Tho
immigration nf Hrltlsh North Amelin Is put nt
liHdlii anil thon conies Halj with ilRilll
followed by Kuropenn Ilussln nutstdo nf Fin
land and Toland 470II2H
Hut there Is a rato clAtslflcatlon In the offi
cial figures In which lennnny the Herman
tmrts of Austria Knilnnd > randliuvla Hrit
IMi North America anil the Netherlands aro
lumped racially as liormanlc This N not ex
act fnr ft Ions reasons Imt tnklnu It as it
stands the Jcrmnnlo Immigration thus turns
out to be Iiisili204 or much nuire than half
of tho whole Tho leriiianle Celtic which In
eludes Ireland Scotland and Wales ionics
next tvlth 44inU81 Third on thu race list
Is tho Latin comprising Italr France Spain
and Portugal with 1420101 Then come a
rather huturogcneous irroup cilhd poled
o 11 UIIKIII iiiiiD itii i iviiiiiri t rule locum
Inz also Turkey Itoiininnlii Itulunila erln
anil Montenegro making In nil 4Hl5ill Vet
again wo have the TartarMat Gcnimnle rum
namely Hussla In ruroii exclufUe of In
anil and Poland 470H2il Then o have the
NallnOcrmnnlc consisting of S lt7erland nnd
llolglm 257l1 Finland nctiples a group
of Its own called Flnnlshlienimnlc with11
222 This leaves unclassified 178055 portions
Including IntlnInillan negro and AMutlo
Immigrants
Tho wonder Is that with these manses of va
ried clement continuing to pour Into onr
population even the existing deitrvo of homo
geneity has been secured
Htolen omlort
the ndfannpoHj journal
Bay stld tho man with tho correct clothes
ind the bowed back and horny bunds ot a
ariner to the restaurant waller hnvo you gut
pig jowl nnd iirtenn hereV An1 buttermilk An
corn bread An kin 1 hui el tho truck In with
aknlfunnU tako niy coulofl >
The waller told film hu could bo accommo
dated In all particulars
Thn exfarmer removud his coat ami Fat down
opposite a man who looked as If ho rulshl bo
willing to linen anil explained
Its been twcicar now said he eenco wo
struck cas ou the farm and I ulnL had u souaru
rornl scnro Keen tlllln up on Charley fiur > > o
iiilus sonflay do allakatnm an all them
rrenchUlihcs ever senoe Thats what comes
of mnrryln a woman ho bvllccs In ke > pin1 up
with the rmrccs lon when you got the price an
he puts li
1 tbould think you would havo rebelled long
go f aid the IIMmier
Nond but yon see about thrcii jcar go I
vo 10 deep In debt thai I hnil to put thu farm
n her name I unenked anay today an led
icr at ono of them fine h < iteU Im gum to Imvo
anorglo of nldfathlnncd lltcl ni prllly pop
an mebbe a beer nr two an no hick un toll her
vhnt Ive did an f hu wants tn Llt a dlvnrcn
shu can git It Old Kit will hey lied lilt day of
rcfdoui for a fow glorinua hours any way
Ill IlMtirooia Kolled luto Town
Von Hit Ktu Otkani Tlmitltmoenil
A gentleman recently returned front a bull
ness trip through Mlislolppl bat si
Itt a hard mattor to get a bath In certain
parti of Mli l ilipi und Unas a realization of
his fact that tonnmllcil mo tn make thu elTort
t getting a bath whllo making tho run bv
ween twu tuwni on thn caboom of a freight
rain My bath tub conilitud uf u largo tin cup
nil my bathronm of thu body nf thu cnbnoie
which an on know U ns oponns an nbterva
Ion car Well 1 hud gotten Into tho
uiual condition mnenllal to bnlhliiK and
wa > pourlnic water otrr my Ilinbi whvu
o and behold tho caboose with oveiy
ooi wlilo open rolled Into a city where Duo
eople wer ynlhernl at a iliput waiting for nil
xciirtlon trnln Thu cabnoiv n lueK nould
mva It stoppod prrcltely uppntlte thumntlnn
nd a tbo crowit caught bltflit nf tuu I roiild
iear aucry mattering I looted around me 1
> onder4 every chance of trucnpo I ilgur l thu
xpedlency of persooatlne a wild man and
Onally leaped at the top of tho car and hunu by
orue prujoctlon Dear the roof whllo tbe train
oiled out of town It waa a terrible xp rl iic
Ad 1 do not car fvr vUi > j UtU u caboot
FLAGS THAT MEN DIED FOR
colon itovxn viixvit 8Otnirnn
OF KoitTtt AXD aovnt
Hr ve Aele of Thoe Who 114 Ide l nn
IH < Nut Cnlenlnle the to t of Hnvliid
Their Cniiiilrrl Blm nliit KUnnlUn
ner of Hie Hlnte The Irluli Colnrn
There Isa field for social ntudy In DM upris
ing of 1811 On neither Hide wiufthere then
firm nnchornas for the fouls to profoundly
Btlrrcd ns to rush tonrms Thoro wa no na
tional idea ni today 1enliy had been all en
previously to pnrtlos and to party leader
nnd tlio degree of hatred felt and expressed
In tlioro days Inward political opponent
would bo considered treason now With r
f peel of tlio great question which caused the
war tlio armies on bolli fides were divided
ting rcprcsontlne shivery would hnvo found
half tho South arrajcd against It and one cm
blomnlto of abolition would hnvo divided
tho urmcd North There were nlxilltloiiliH
In hosts In the rnnki of tho Confederacy and
there were hosttii of antlabolltlonlit4 In the
armies of McCldltn nnd Irani The Star
Hpnnclcd banner vn tho symbol of the on
thlnit In which tho united Xorth did b llove
AtlllUry puvror nnd the appeal M true lo th
flag proved moro effcctlvo In etlrrlnc up nar
enthusiasm than the slogan of any party or
crctlon Tho Southern loaders oro fullr
anaro of this nnd qillclch devised a banner
In whlth tho striking and familiar colors und
dinblazonry noropreacrvol
Tho custom In tho tnlon nmy was to hav
each rrulmont carry two llazs a roitluiontal
with tho Hlato coatofarms cmblaromd upon
a jilnlii lilue field nnd n mtknnl the Stare and
Strip with tho name and number of tho
reirlmrnt The rcxlmnntal lings of tho Irish
llrljtndo New York ior Instance woro of
deep urecn orablii7one < l with the harp sun
burst and shamrock All Irish re lmenta lu
tho service carried such line How deeply
Celtic cnthuslu m could bo stirred T the
banner of xrton wns Illustrated dtirlnB tla
repulse of Plckott at Oottysbiirff Townns
riMtXow York Battery was ordereil In toic
HevnCushlncs about tho time tlmt AnnlUwl
men luid renchrd tho ntnno will A Blniul
tHiieoiipj movement was made by tho Irish Hrl
cade from tho left toward tho threatened rolnt
Ono of Cowans driver an Irishman not i ie
rlallr brac hesitated about urging his tcnra
forward where tlin inlnllcs flew thick nnd fast
Suddenly Erins banner flashed from behind a
ledge of rock and cauaht his cyo Rising In
Ma Htlrrun ho exclnlmed Mlther of MosesI
tho owld llac and lashed and spurred hla
horfei on with a display of zeal that bin Cap
tain by tho mo t profano appeals had novcr
bon able to arouse
All that can be snld of Northern battle flags
cm 1 snld of Fontliurn ones too Each
nccnllntr State bent out troops on Its own oc
count am with them ana fjnibol Its own
colors UMinlly the coat of nrmi of tho State
on a plain field Amnnjt puch wore tho f
moiiK Inlmettn of Smith Carolina tho Pel
lcnnf tjnulxlana nnd the Inne Star or
llnnnle lllno FHK of Tcxai Tho flatr of the
Koity cventh North Carolina boro the daten
Mav ITT and May JO IRfU tht > dates
of tlie lovnlt nf thu colony acalnst Kngland
and of the ncrrvilon of the Stat
Iho Ilift olllclal flag of tho South was tho
Stars and liars a Iliik partly copied from the
Inlnn banner nnd hearing Hiich a strong re
fomblniire to It that th two wtrn not dls
tlnktilHlmhlc In the field In lattle the op
pofltn r commands l > erainO hopelessly < < n
tansled na in too first Hull Hun and though
the rliilU nirc hloodr wotlgn to suit the oc
casion tho Southerners tliouuhttho slaughter
was not well distributed nnd began to In
trolUo n < iv colori as battln fins leavlnu
tlio Stars nnd liars for civil and hcalnuartr
uso A tlaj known as a battle flag ap
peared In INrtJ and tho cross Irallar to th t
uf the Crevent Ilty flag of 1801 was Us prin
cipal rmhhin ThU fine consisted of a red nr
wltlit o blue diagonal burs having narrow
whlto Imnlurs cro oJ In thocentro the bars
were white ctnrn numlored accoidlnn to fan
cy Soino nf tlin Toians pinned their ban
with a tlnglo star Tho famous Has song
Hurrah for Ilic ttonnln blue fle
Ibat heari a uln le star
was unirepstrU by the flag of TOTOS The orl
nal TPTIXB flag had been a blue fly with a whlta
star In the centre and when thoToxan troops
tonk the cross they retained tbn lone star
The cross made the Confederate tlac con
Eiplcnnus In liatle and It was retained to the
end being twice modified On tho battle flag of
IHrttJ the crosso < l bars extended from corner
tocirner making an easy target for Union cunc
and that arrangement cave phuo In ISUI to
ono with a white fly having a reduced battle
flnf as a corner > l ce Hut the whlto so pre
ponderated In nuvKS that tho color became al
jiost Invisible mastrnne brcue and the flac
looked like a slirnal of true To removo this
objection a wlile vertical liar of ml wnnplaewl
on the nt her cilgo ofthoflv Thore wis no
mlstjiklng tills Hymbiil and It vatlsfled the
Minth an tho features of the old fine still re
mained the stars and the red nblte and blue
Tho lings of thii Forty ninth ieorgla and the
Sixth Kentucky arc typos of tho CnnfrdKrate
battle Haas nf tho Tast and the Went OH they
were flr t designed with tho mammoth bluo
cross with wlilto stars nnd borders on a red
ground
Tho Sixth Kcntuky belonged to the re
nonnol Orplnin llrlealeof that State a nimo
liesto cd liv ien llrecklnrldso after tho bat
tle of Miirfrceibiiro Irevlnus tn tho bnttl
these mon had been referred to ns orphans
becnu u they were expatriated dens of Ken
tucky ilSfranclil l nnd disowned bv their
nntlo Stiti > fnr jnlnlnc the Confederacy At
Mnrfrreilioro thty io > t tbelr leader Coi Han
son th father of thu brigade who was killed
while leiilliiK them under tho tire of llftytwo
Inlnn cannon a Urn that not only mowed
dmvn ranks nf men lint laid the trcen of tlio
fnrest IIIA as with tho smiting hand of a tor
nado runs they bfcame doubly nrphnncd
1inr shall rot 1 far aid In bin study of Man
mil Nature In America speaks of themonccm
inlnir this brigade astlliiJtratinK the highest
O pi of American mauhiOd Nnmlwrlnir oriz
Inulli nro after tlircK years of nnlce In
tin hardest flyls of the West tho Orphans
intereil iiion tho Atlanta series of battles only
1HO hlrnnir Dinnirtho IDO days of rtthtlnit
In retreat under Hood the ranks lost Kill
uniindid and killed Ff > w r tlii nr
entiwl unhurt and only C40 remained fnr duty
Tho remnant nf tbe Sixth wih Its flng nnd
nlonel wern cnnturod nt Innealxiro by the
lenlh MlvliluHii It as n nailng In the West
that llond aiiandnnod Atlanta bccauso hn Jjnd
no more Kentueklans to use js breaf twnrks
The color nuard which nlnj8 the chief part
In tlio manipulation and defence of abattli
Ilau nnmbrrcd In the Union Infantry roEl
inonts ejght men and In the Oinfodorato
twelve The color twarors were rergeants chos
ods of fighting nut only do not lnvlt then
they scarcely fnrnlsh opnortunltlvi for them
tt
1 the fl1 > r h J
In Iho rliarvu 31 tlin stone wall at Freder
Ickshiirir a chirgo uquat In
every renpect to
thiuif Ikett at Gettysburg the Slxirnlnth
in f0101 with the rnu of tha
I ii i H
flndo lull
if11 ItH umintuf UHl heroes In
t fcllu n MM Iurriraue i lit CD lor
lrllll > rcll mortally wotindert but h hud
trengtli luff to detaeli th banner the Stars
mrV I10 MalT 11 wn > It round
h in iinderneatli his Jacket Hu then propped
iiimseir up uirtlnt a Ixmlder to await denth
iYrnVVl1111 Ill0r W ft lllut h <
ilioreil I heart and through thu tlag thai
The Hawor the BUtythlnl New York of tb
rorv0inrlttile imot u mlftr fnl ° nt Chancel
lorsvllle Its bivirer
Lloyd WHS shot down
ulono and unseen In the hael thicket and to
nave tbo banner from lapture he disposed of It
no way Tbn Stain l niierof tho
tartytlilnl Now Vnrk was In like manner
jircHrvedln the Wilderness whon the bearer
ferBiiint llnckett knew that he and I I charJi
nuro about to fail Into tho hands of the Jnu
my It remnlneTunder his uniform during a
long inprlsiiniimnt at Andersonvllle and t
loV HV uurM with him AInro for
tunuto ttouirh not moro worthy of praise wn
> nr cif Color riergeunt W JImneTS
the Thlrtysevenli Vi conkln In ilia asiault
nt Icfrnburu Juno 17 MorUlli woiindii
ami serrated from hU eomraOeai faouf t
A IoutiluKB lrodlKT
From IHt A o Or If an < Vmorrat
There Is an elghtyearold nearo nrr7ll l
everywhrro regarded M wondr if