The sun. [volume], June 05, 1897, Page 6, Image 6

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life' T fl" ' 'THE StftlV SATURDAY, JUNE. 5, 897. ' '.- ' '
' SATURDAY, JUNK B. 1807.
RutMcrlptlona lij Mull Prnt-rald.
DAILY, perMonth o KO
DAILY, per Year O o
BUNDAY, per Year
DAILY AND SUNDAY. per Year t oo
DAILY AND SUNDAY, per Month
f Portage to foreign countries added.
1 i Tug Sen, New York City.
'
I ( I nnu. Ktoique No. 1C, near Grand Hotel.
1?-
v i If nrf rlendi tro favor u utth maniticrtpti for
WK S pultloatlun tilth to have rejected article returned,
lr, " thei mutt In all cat ettend ttumpt for that purjioie.
li
; WIH It Ho l'enco?
11' CorreBpondonco from Athens stntei that,
I. V although hostilities had been nrrcsted and
I ' i negotiation!) for peace entered upon, the
9 ) ' Greek Government continues the purchano
I J of largo quantltleaofnrmsnndnmmtinltlon
1 and war sup pi I us of all kinds. At the.
1 . Greek capital this Is regarded as a proof
T . ' that tho Government do not consider
II t t tho coucltiHlon of peace as certain,
Ms 1 1 and that It Is necessary for Greece to bo
IB-" i prepared for further fighting. Tho opinion
It f Is also prevalent that Greece Is bolng
II f , backed by ono or two powers In order to
IS ; , complicate tho situation for ulterior pur-
II ' ; poses, which aro suspected at Constantl
m '' noplo and causing a good deal of appro
m? f hcnslon. Tho new levies arriving from
I i '' Asia aro being disposed In such a man
j v ' ner as to show that danger is Imagined
IB J' both on tho stdo of Bulgaria and even at
jji i Constantinople itself. Tho German ofllcers
III .' at tho Turkish capital who, until a short
II ', .' time ago, wcro devoting all their nttcnt Ion
JJI;' ! to the campaign In Thestaly, are now stated
111 i to bo actively studying tho problems of a
ill jr f campaign In quite another direction. Tho
ID j . orders for war material for tho Turkish
Iff ? f army aro for tho earliest possible do
lill ft livery, exhibiting an absenco of con
ISw ' fldcuco In tho conclusion of a dura
Iv, nu, Peace. The efforts of tho war
J w Y party to create a belligerent feeling among
1 Pshv tno P0Pu'llt,on 'n tuo Asiatic provinces
I lit' l nro Ba't no ' ',0 mcct'"8 with tho success
I yj f wished for. Tho completo disturbance of
I SI F affairs throughout Auntolin and Armenia
I S , t Is making itself sensibly felt nmong all
I jl I classes of tho people, and numbers of Mus
I I i sulmans arc realizing the consequences
j w ' f that a headstrong policy at Cotibtnntino
j jjj i It plo may Invoke. The embassies of tho
j 1 J fe powers nro closely and fully informed of
j 1 S the state of feeling prevailing throughout
I jl Asia Minor, where the Sultan's chief rcli
I IB j nnce is placed, and know that further out
J 1 S L ratrei on the Christian populations are u il
l's Ft likely unless prompted from Constan
f J V fir tinoplc. For this reason It is said to be
! I ffl' almost certain that any recurrence of mas
j i S f sacres in Asia will bo visited not only on
lit' tho actual perpetrators, but on the instlga-
I " tors, some of nliom aro actually under tho
I I " :, observation of agents of the embassies.
I S i ' The Sultau is said to be realizing his truo
j 8 . position in a greater degree than ever be-
i ! fore, and is resorting to every art and sub
I t terfugo known to Oriental diplomacy to
1 I prolong negotiations and delay the con
I I , elusion of any definite settlement, trusting,
I 1 ; i with tho usual fatalism, to the chapter of
H ': - accidents to provide a loophole through
B jl J) - which he can escapo from tho prcs
4 I ) ' ent situation. Tho danger to which
J I he Is subject is the possibility of
V j , unanimity among the powers, nnd his
IS ' great hope, based upon past experl-
' ; I f ' - ence, is that his friend, tho German
' I ! Emperor, may prevent such a calamity.
' I i f Nothing would be so profitable for tho Sul-
' I . tan as a continental conflict in which ho
B i' " would be In demand as an ally by some
II j? ! power, in which cascho could mako his own
tenns, and reforms and guarantees for tho
) PI ; Christian populations would be thrown to
j- ,B ; the winds. Uut It is very unlikely that any
!' I ; ''", of tho European Governments would daro to
j M fj 'i plungcthc wholeof thecontinentintowarto
1 ; i , prop up such a system as is reducing one of
j I the most fertile areas of the world to a con-
, 'H . dition of savage barbarism. If any fight-
. S Ing does take place In Kuropo now, out of
fj ' ' this Kastcrn Imbroglio, it will lc against
' the Turk and over tho partition of his
f territory, and not to maintain him
r .' in possession of a trust ho only
J f holds to misuse. Tho so-called rchabil-
, vi ltation of the Turk In consequence
' jj L of his successes in tho field against the 111-
, prepared and badly led Greeks is an lllu-
! f aion that deceives no ono who understands
' 1' tho condition of Turkey, Its bankrupt re-
'j ,-fi sources and social disorganization. Even
, ,'. t -.' If tho powers decide that some kind of
t a pcaco must bo patched up now, tho
) i Turk can gain no permanent advantage.
F J, They will so dccldo for their own purposes,
. ', ' but another step will have been made in tho
')', bringing of tho Turk under foreign control.
Ij ,' Ho will be required for economic reasons,
1 . ". and because of the loss of revenue through
' (!' tbo disturbances In Asia Minor, to disband
' i ", i ', tho larger part of his army, A refusal to
', j ' comply would le followed by n withdrawal
! of all financial support, nnd the authority of
i K the Sultan would disappear in the ruin and
' disorder of his empire. Tlio near future
. j ' ' cannot fall to bring surprising do-
5 . velopmcnta In tho East, for tho fact that
; ('. no records nro kept of tho consult.v
j ) ' ti tlons that arc now being held at Constant!-
i j ; nople, and that the representatives of tho
.! J i, threo pon ore, llussla, Krnnee, and England,
, 1 i thut jointly assumed tho guardianship of
I 1 Greece nt Its birth, havo charge of the ne-
I i gptlatlons, iudicntu that thoy are acting
I '. i for th moment as tho joint representation
I " I ) ;. of collectlvo Europe, and aro conducting
I ?ffi J ' "1B dlsciiHslon Informally, referring every-
' f;f V thing to their respective Governments.
,-& ; f ' Tho Ktidsoii nny Oruln Route.
I, .' 'f V
f j . i During tho present season, by an oxpedl-
I- tlon from St. Johns, under Commander
I'' f p, 'Wakkham, with Cnpt. Vnrn:i.Y In Immc-
J ( dlatn charge of tho ship employed, tho I)o
Ir V ' minion Goveniinont Is reviving tho long
h ' cherished enterprise of determining tho
f. , .i cxtejit to which Hudson Strait can be ro
ll? e." lied upon as mi open waterway.
f & , . I For many years n project has been afoot
I' ,1 ,J to build n railroad from Winnipeg to Hud-
'' ' '( i & boii ry, with tho view of furnishing a now
; .', S i , route for the grain of Manitoba, and incl-
. ',- Si I dentally for as much also of tho grain of
fo i ft. J? tho Diikotas and others of our Northwest-
)i f W-f'i ern States as might adopt It,
f.. r So far as tho engineering practicabilities
, 5 Ji of tlio railroad nro concerned, the problem
f : J presents few obstacles. The grado offers no
-' S 't difllcultles of great cousc(iueuce, nnd tho
' E ri V ' road could bo built. As to tho profits of
J .! ' ' tho enterprlso ns a business uudertaking,
X fl t y tho matter is different. It would pass,
E ' J of course, through n region largely barren
, i fj'vj' nn,l 'r ! most part very sparsely In.
h habited. Tlio local trafllc of tho road
I Fir1 would be for n long time, to say tho least,
1 f I f ' ' of n very limited character. The country
j j, ! . "' up to tho Saskatchewan, or about 800 miles t
of tho route, has farming possibilities, but
tho remainder would havo llttlo to rely on.
Tho through grain routo to Kuropo Is Its
main feature. When tho project Is looked
nt simply ns a study of distances on maps,
It fluds much In Its favor, from Winnipeg
to Fort Churchill, on Hudson 13ny, tho
dlstnnco Is perhaps 700 miles, while to Port
Nelson, where, howover, tho harbor Is not
so good, It Is fifty miles shorter. Tho
distance from Fort Churchill to Liver
pool by way of Hudson Strait Is
about tho same as from Montreal, but
from Winnipeg to Fort Churchill Is only
nbout half tho dlstanco from Winnipeg to
Montreal. Thus tho gain for Manitoba Is
manifest, and It Is greatest of all for tho
Saskatchewan, a grain-growing country,
tho naving from Edmonton being nbout
l,:iU0 miles. A glance nt tho map shows
also that from Pembina In North Dakota
thcro Mould bo a gain of perhaps 1,000
miles over tho routo by way of Now York.
On tho strength of theso figures, inoro
than a dozen years ngo tho Dominion Par
liament took up tho question. I3ut It very
enrly became manifest, as It remains to this
day, that tho vital question Is tho naviga
bility of Hudson Strait. No serious obsta
cle Is apprehended In Hudson Hay, with Its
enormous area, forming only shore lee, but
In Hudson Strait It Is well recognized
that tho lco blockade Is maintained for all
but a few months each year. In 1884
tho Dominion Parllamont sent out, In
tho Ncptuno, observation parties that
wore stationed along tho bay and
tho strait. Tlio next year tho Alert
was sent to bring them back, but wan
caught In nn lco pack and damaged. How
ever, after returning and being repaired,
she tried again, and had better fortune,
passing the strait In August nnd reaching
all tho stations. Tho conclusion of Lieut.
Gohdon was that sultablo vessels, whoso
structure ho described, could rely on get
ting through the strait In ordinary years
between the middle of July nnd the mlddlo
of October, a period of threo months, nnd
might possibly, though with risks of delays
and perhaps of accidents, In soma years get
through between July 1 nnd Nov. 1, a max
imum of four months.
After this Investigation, with its con
servative, report, tho project languished,
but n few years ago It was revived and
pushed vigorously by Manitoba, As It
often happens whon a particular section is
greatly interested in a special measure,
pressure was brought upon loth portles In
tho Dominion to favor this scheme. An
effort was mado to have tho Government
guarantee the payment of the interest on
tho company's construction bonds. From
that, however, Parliament was inclined to
shrink, at least until the practicability of
the enterprise should bo shown more clearly.
The result has now been tho sending out of
another ship to navigate tho strait, the
purpose being to ascertain by experiment
whether a longer period might not bo
counted upon for grain ships to get through.
It will bo seen from tho foregoing state
ment aliout how the project stands. Tho
Dominion Government Is disposed to nld it
if reallv feasible, while the Ilritlsh capital
ists, upon whom tho railroad company de
pends for its funds, havo also their repre
sentative aboard tho ship. That theschemo
is tempting to Manitoba is clear enough,
yet the man who Invests his capital knows
that there are other elements in the problem
besides a saving In geographical distance
He will naturally consider the chances that a
new grain route would have, which could
only be operated a few months in each year,
when competing with existing routes
further to tho south. The additional cost
for freight and Insurance on account of the
dangerof blocking or injury by ice, and tho
delays that might in some cases make tho
shorter route in distance the longer one in
time, are also to be considered. And the
Dominion Government will of course havo
to consider the same points, If itguaranteea
the company's bonds.
However, ujiart from the question
whether it will pay, the project attracts
attention as a bold enterprise, while tho
preliminary expedition of the present sum
mer may bo expected to bring back Inter
esting information of various kinds.
A British Statistician on Our Mlddlo
States.
Tho most valuablo contribution to tbo
June number of tho Xorth American He
view is the article, on the progress of our
Mlddlo States by the well-known statisti
cian, Mr. M. G. Mulhai.l. Tlio writer
compares tho materials derived from the
United States censuses for 1800 nnd 18.10
witli corresponding data relating to the
most prosperous European countries, and
shovs how much better off in many impor
tant reapects, including the rate of wages,
ate tho citizens of our Middle States than
tho inhabitants of Great Ilritain, France,
or Germany.
In order that the European reader of the
article may form an accurate idea of tho
Middle States, ho is told that they aro
equal In area to tho United Kingdom, in
population to Spain, In manufactures to
Germany ; that their mineral output is In
voluo moro than double that of Franco ;
and that, as regards wealth, the single
Statu of New York Is equal to Belgium and
Holland put together. Under the term
Middlo States, as here used, ure compre
hended New York, Now Jersey, Pennsyl
vania, Maryland, Delaware, nnd the District
of Columbia. Mr.Mui.UALl.polutsout that
there is no other part of the New World so
dense!) populated ns tills section, tho aver
age being 1-10 persons to the squaic mile,
which is u much higher ratio than that of
Continental Europe, considered an n whole,
and falls llttlo below that of France. Do
tuepn lflTiO mill 1MID thn linmil.it Inn nf thtt
Mlddlo States Increased from 0,110,000 to
14,1-11,000, and If tho sumo rate of progress
continues as slnco 1870, this ticction will in
1000 contain 17,000,000 Inhabitants. Tho
increase slnco 18!i0 has been nearly ISO
per cent., or almost tloublo tho rato of
progress recorded In New England, hut It
Is much less than tho general average for
tho Union, which has been Jilt; percent. In
that Interval, In tho Middlo States
tho growth has been almost confined
to cities, tho ndvanco of tho rural
population being slow. If, for instance, wo
compare the census of 181)0 with that of
twenty years before, wo find that, whereas
In 1870 rural and urban populations stood
respectively as ten to six, they were in 1800
equal, Mr. Mulhai.l also notes that tho
American white population in tho Middlo
States has grown live times faster than In
New England, and almost keeps paco with
tho increase of tho population generally. In
this section tho number of whito Americans,
whose parents as well as themselves were
born in this country, slightly exceeds that
of foreigners, tho children of foreigners,
and negroes. As for agriculture, tho
area under farms exceeds by 2,000,000
acres the total cultivated area of Great
Britain ; nevertheless, agriculture has been
so far unable to keep pace with population
u
In tbln section that at present tho ratio Is
only i!a acres per Inhabitant, as against 4,
ncres In 18D0. It also appears that all tho
Mlddlo States put together do not raiso
enough food for tho single State of Penn
sylvania, Tho obvious explanation of this
fact Is that manufactures and commerco
nro moro profitable In theso States than Is
tho tillage of the soil.
In tho Mlddlo States tho progress of man
ufactures Is shown to havo been much moro
rapid thin In New England, tho output
having multiplied eightfold nnd tho sum
paid for wnges ninefold slnco 1850. Tho
manufacture-s of tho Mlddlo States, Indeed,
being valued In 1800 nt 1,!! 18,000,000,
exceed In vnluo those of Franco and Ger
many, and fall but S per cent, below thoso
of Great Britain. If thq vnluo bo divided
nmong tho population, tho result Is nn av
erage of $25!l per inhabitant, as against
$110 In Great Britain and $75 In Fmuce.
Thero is, says Mr. Mumiall, no
country In tho world, except Now
England, where the output of man
ufactures shows so high a ratio to popu
lation as it docs In tho Middlo States. The
gratifying fact Is also noted that the rlso In
wages has surpassed that In tho value pro
duced. Between 18C0 nnd 1800 tho valuo
of tho products per operatlvo rose from
$1,1:20 to .,017, nn Incroaso of 80 per
cent., whilo tho nverngo wages paid per
operative roso during tho samo period
from $240 to $317, nn Incrcaso of 115
per cent. It is thus demonstrated that tho
workman in tho Middle States now receives
a larger sharo of tho profits resulting from
manufactures than ho did fifty yenrs ago.
Passing to details, Mr. Mui.hall observes
that Pennsylvania produces hardware man
ufactures to tho value of $:)88,O0O,O0O
yearly, which is equivalent to $74 per In
habitant, tho average in Great Britain be
ing $10 and in Germany $10. The mineral
resources of tho Middle States, consisting
for tho most part of coal, Iron ore, and pe
troleum, rendered In 1800 an output valued
nt $180,000,000, representing one-third
of tho total mining industry of tho
Union. To put tho facts In another
way, tho mineral output of the Middle
States in 1800 exhibited a vnluo of $1S per
inhabitant as against $11 in Great Britain.
It is well known that the greater part of
tho foreign trado of tho Union passes
through tho ports of the Mlddlo States.
New York alone takes 411 percent, of this
commerce, nnd ranks a3 tho second seaport
In the world. The port entries of the Mid
dle States In 1 804 were 0,300,000 tons, ns
nRalnst 17,020,000 tons for the wholo re
public Even Mr. Mui.hall, nn inhabitant
of a country which, according to Lord Sai.is
nnnv. Is our natural rnemv because h1i
is our commercial rival, deplores tho fact
that American shipping luws should be
ruinous to national Interests. He reminds
us that forty years ago three-fourths of the
occan-carr) ing trade of American ports was
done on American bottoms, whereas at
present the American ratio is less than one
fourth. He also points out that at present
the United States pay an annual tribute of
$40,000,000 to British ship owners.
With respect to railways, Mr. Muuiai.i.
notes that the Middlo States in 1800 pos
sessed 21,000 miles of iron road, repre
senting a cost of $2,002,000,000. Tho
length of track compared with population
is almost tho samo as in New England,
namely, 142 miles to 100,000 inhabitants,
or three times the relative mileage thut ex
ists in France or Great Britain. The bank
discounts of tho Middle States arc
computed by this statistician at $77
per Inhabitant, as against $111 in New
England. In tho banking business Mas
sachusetts, In proportion to her popu
lation, is nhead of Now York, exhib
iting discounts averaging $100 per in
habitant, as against $100 in New York.
The savings banks deposits also average
$17i per inhabitant in Massachusetts, and
only $00 In New York. When ho proceeds
to tulk of the aggregate wealth of the Mid
dle States, Mr. Mui.hall is misled by tho
absurdly low computations of the value of
Now York personal property In the statis
tics accessible to him. The railway securi
ties, for Instance, owned in tho Empire
Commonwealth arc put by him at the ridic
ulously low llgure of $r:i.r,000,000. No
wonder that he says that "apparently" thcro
is no part of the world where the prepon
derance of real property is so great ns in
tho Middlo Stntcs, tho nverago value of real
property in European countries being but
40 per cent, of the whole. Notwithstand
ing tho derangement of his calculations,
through his undervaluation of personal
property, Mr. Muliiall notes that tho
average wealth per inhabitant in tho Mid
dle States has almost quadrupled In forty
years. This Is pronounced a marvellous
proof of tho progress of this section, and un
paralleled in Europe, McCulloch having
laid it down that only prosperous nations
can double their wealth In that Interval.
Even on the face of tho defective statistics,
tho accumulation In the Mlddlo Stntcs per
inhabitant Is shown tohavebeen$10.20 per
annum greater than In New England, and
exactly double tho average accumulation In
Great Britain between 1H00 and 18(15.
Tnxation In the Middle States, viewed col
lectively, was less onerous than it is in
New England or in tho United Kingdom;
including tho ratio of national revenue, tho
total burden per Inhabitant was but
$17.20, against $18.20 In tbo United
Kingdom and $18.70 In New England.
Tho amount of money spent on pub
lic schools in 1800 by tho Middle States
wns $ 111,000,000, or only $-1,000,000 less
than the school expenditure of Great Brit
ain, which contains considerably more than
douhlu their population. Tlio satlsfactory
rcsultof ours)Htcm of popular instruction
is that In tho Middlo States moro than 07
per cent, of tho native-born white popula
tion over ten years of ago aro able to read
ana write.
Summing up the outcome of his studies,
Mr. Mulhai.l recognizes thut tho Mlddlo
States constitute, tho most Important group
of communities In tho Union. Tho sta
tistics of tho six most important industries
show that two persons In tho Mlddlo States
exercise tho Bumo lulluenco upon American
progress as do threo Inhabitants of tho
United States at largo.
Consolidation and KxpetiRcs.
Tho consolidation of New Ymk, Brook
lyn, Statcn Island, and sover.il of tho
Queens county towns, which goes Into ef
fect, ofllclally, on the 1st of noxt Jauuary,
Is tho most extensive consolidation of mu
nicipalities over undertaken In tho United
States.
Tho population of tho city of London Is
grcutcr at present than that of tho territory
to bo Included within tho enlarged New
York; but tho additions to the Loudon
"metropolitan district," as It is called, have
been mado gradually by tho absorption of
outlying towns and hamlets, and not by nny
such radical or comprehensive measure as
that which creates the enlarged Now York.
Chicago Increased Its area considerably lu
. ..
1880 by the addition of aundry adjacent
towns upon tho neighboring prairies, nnd
Boston has annexed Boxbury, Dorchester,
nnd other towns. Tho New York consolida
tion extends tho municipal boundorlcs by
n single net of Ieglslntlon Instead of piece
meal, ns has been tho mlo In other cities.
Tho question naturally arises whether
tho experience of other cities Indicates
that tho expenditures of administration
nro Increased or lessened by roason of
n summnry enlargement of territory
nnd Increaso of population; whether
It Is moro or less expcnslvo to govern
them as distinct municipalities, each
having an Independent local Govern
ment, than ns n single consolldntcd munici
pality. Ah tho population Increases, are tho
running expenses of a city per capita In
creased proportionately? Tills Is a question
for which many Now Yorkers nnd many
citizens of tho communities to be added to
Now York next January nro asking, with
much solicitude, a satisfactory answer.
So far as tho known oxpcrlenco of other
cities has proved, and so fur as the expenses
of New York Itself, slnco tho material ad
dition to Its area lu 1874, nnd again In
1805, havo shown, tho answer is: that tho
larger tho city, the moro extensive Its area,
ami tho more numerous Its Inhabitants, so
less proportionately are Its expenses. A
community of 1,000,000 pcoplo can havo
Its nffnlrs munaged more cheaply and moro
satisfactorily at $25 a head than a com
munity of 100,000 people. Tho larger the
territory, tho greater the population, the
smaller proportionately Is tho expense
Tho total running expenses of all tho
departments of Now York this year foot
up nearly $50,000,000, and of this sum
over $15,000,000, or moro than 30 per
cent., Is applied to tho paymeilt of Interest
on tho city debt, tho redemption of so
much of that debt as has matured, and the
payment of tho city's sharo of State taxes.
Now York, with Its present unexcelled
credit, Is nblo to borrow money nt a low
rato of interest and under advantageous
terms and conditions. Hence, the burden
of cxpenso for interest charges is less pro
portionately than lu the caso of minor civil
divisions. Tho enlarged New York will bo
enabled to borrow money required for tho
prosecution of public works in Its outlying
portions nt not more than 3 percent., while
thoso districts ns beparate communities are
obliged to pay as a general rate 5 per cent.
Another benefit maybe a reduction In the
expenses of administration. Commission
ers, clerks, attendants, and office em
ployees, because of the consolidation of the
various departments. A timely illustra
tion of such posslblo reduction in "admin
istration expenses " by reason of consolida
tion Is given In Commissioner Lyman's re
port filed last January at Albany upon the
workings of the present Liquor Tax law.
When the collection of license fees was a
local matter In each of tho sixty counties of
New York, the total expense of collection
was $252,782 for public revenue of $3,100,
000. Under the new Itaines law system of
State regulation the total expenses, State
and local, were $140,800 for public collec
tions of $10,000,000.
Evcrylxidy knows that as a business in
creases in magnitude the administrative
expenses decline proportionately. Inevcry
department of mercantile and Industrial
activity, among railroads, steamship com
panies, and private enterprises generally,
consolidation tends to lessen tho cost of
administration relatively to tho revenue.
It seems reasonable to conclude, therefore,
that a like result will eventually attend
tho operations of tho enlarged New York.
Tho Test of Democracy.
An association calling itself tho " Demo
cratic Union" met in the Fifth avenue on
Wednesday evening and adopted a "plat
form of principle"." The purposo of this
collection of politicians is to assist tho
Bryanlzed Tammany Hall in Its effort to
get control of tho Greater New York, for
its own advantage and to help along tho
repudiation cause in 1000. Hence all men
tion of the revolutionary scheme of Tam
many Is omitted In the ten principles laid
down In the Fifth avenue manifesto.
Tho first "principle" is that "the gov
ernment of Now York city should be ad
ministered by her citizens free from rural
intermeddling." Our municipal govern
ment will lie administered under the char
ter of New York framed by a commission,
all of whom, including tho distinguished
Democratic memlicra, recommended its
adoption as just, fair, and sufticient to pro
tect the political rights of the city. The
only "rural intermeddling'" was that re
quired under the Constitution of tho State,
in order that tho charter granting this
furthest possible degree of home rule might
lie obtained. The declaration of the plat
form Is balderdash.
The second, third, fourth, and fifth
"principles" relate to matters which are
not In dispute, to tho preference of resi
dents for work on public Improvements, to
their pay and hours of labor, to the pro
vision of sulllclent school accommodations,
and to tho right of the Democratic party to
"chooso public ofllcers from Its member
ship," Everybody agrees to all that. No
posslblo Issues of tho campaign are In thet.o
declarations.
Tlio sixth and seventh "principles" re
late to the italues law and call for its re
peal. But that brings In a State Issuo
purely, when the pretence of this platform
Is that all Issues not distinctively munici
pal should bo excluded from the campaign,
It being devised solely to hide away
the ever-present Tammany Bryanlsm. Tho
Democratic party, moreover, will never
repeal tho Bailies law, even If It gets Into
power In tho State. Tho principle of that
law Is bound to stick, and tho great reve
nue obtained from it also assures its con
tinued permanence.
Tho eighth "principle" Is an absurd nnd
hypocritical declaration that "tho provi
sions of our State Constitution relative to
civil service should not bo evaded by par
tisan legislation." Such erosion, of course,
would be void as unconstitutional. This
plunk is puro humbug.
Tho ninth Hnjstlint "municipal franchises
should not bo granted or sold, but leased for
short periods, so that to tho pcoplo shall ac
crue their greatest benefit." In this there
Is nothing peculiar; all parties will have
something of tho sort in their platforms.
Tho tenth culls for tho election of "citi
zens of expcrlenro and high character" to
municipal ofliccs. Everybody at all times
has been of that opinion.
Tiio truth is that there is nothing In these
ten "principles" that deserrcs any atten
tion from tho citizens of Now York. Tho
whole platform Is a blank charge. It Is In
sincere, mere clap-trnp. Tho Issues It at
tempts to fabricate in order to conceal the
ono real Issuo, of tho campaign are not
Issues at all.
How can this real Issue be shored aside
by any organization calling Itself Demo
cratic? What sort of Democratic Is It? Is
It Dryanlte Democratic or is It genuinely
Democratic 1 1 Theso questions will not bo
answered until It declares squarely Its nttl
tudo with referenco to tho revolutionary
Democracy of the Chicago platform. Actu
ally tho "Democratic Union" Is Brynnlte,
for It Is In nil Inn co with tho Bryanlzed
Tammany Hall.-whlch contributes chiefly
to lta membership. It Is organized to help
along tho Democracy of tho Chlcogo plat
form, tho spurious Democracy, ngalnst
which crcry truo follower of tbo principles
of Thomas JKrrKttsoN must wago unceas
ing war until It Is expelled from tho Dem
ocratic party, whose namo It has stolen.
Thero will bo no genuine Dcmocratto
platform In tho Greater Now York cam
paign unless thcro bo ono which plainly
and emphatically repudiates tho Chicago
platform of revolution.
How to Provent Dlcyclo Accidents.
In June, 1800, when tho number of seri
ous accidents among wheelmen was very
large, Tin: SUN endeavored to find out their
prlmo cause, and to prescribe a means for
avoiding their repetition. A careful study
showed that, In four cases out of five,
tho cyclist responsible for tho troublo
was unable to control his or her wheel with
sufficient promptness. Porhapsn pedestrian
would start to cross tho street without
looking to sco if It was clear, nnd, be
fore he had taken threo steps, bo knocked
down by a bicycle. Its rider had seen the
danger, but wasn't able to avoid it. Again,
a whcclwoman, careful and experienced as
a cyclist, might bo descending a hill ; her
speed would Increaso with every turn of
tho wheel, her feet leave tho pedals, her
machluo bceomo unmanageable, until tho
frightened rider could hold on only and
trust In Providence.
During May, June, and July of lost year
accidents in and around Now York result
lug from cyclists' poor control of their ma
chines, wcro reported in almost every edi
tion of tho newspapers. And tho same
kind of reports have been coming in at an
alarming rate this season. For example,
the other day a scorcher knocked down a
boy and broke his collar bone. Cause:
couldn't stop quickly enough. Two cyclists
smashed together on a hill. Cause : the same.
Cyclist rodo off a pier and was drowned.
Cause: ns before. On Wednesday last
a young wheelwoman was drowned nenr
tho town of Garrisons. She was coasting;
lost control of her wheel nnd was thrown
into a pond. In short, a review of the
bicycle accidents in this city for the months
of April and May last shows that, in all
probability, two-thirds of the mishaps
might have been avoided If the wheels in
volved had leen equipped with brakes.
Last fall inventors gave special attention
to that feature of the wheel's make-up.
with the result that brakes of various sorts
may now be had. They are all good; they
weigh only a few ounces each, and to have
one attached to a wheel costs but a trifle.
Wheelmen who value properly their own
lives and the safety of others regard a brake
as indispensable to safety.
Biders, convince yourselves of the efficacy
of this safeguard. Get a brake. You won't
regret it, and doctors and undertakers may
then take a longer vacation.
Tlio Settlers nnd tho Indians.
Although the Indian troubles in Mon
tana arising out of the murder of Hoovkh,
the herder, are much less threatening than
before the arrest of the Cheyenne Stanley,
or Badger, as he Is commonly called, they
are not wholly over.
There are still two sources of possible
disturbance. Many Indians are off tho
reservation. There arc said to be five bands
of them under White Bull and other
chiefs, and one estimate gives their numbers
at 200. The season is far enough advanced
for them to maintain themselves and their
ponies without trouble, and the younger
braves ure perhaps stimulated somewhat
by the Inherited Indian spirit, not yet
quenched by years of peace. It Is therefore
natural that. In spite of the perfectly well
founded assurances given by Capt. Read,
tho commander of the troops from Fort
Custer, that ho w ill protect whites as well
as Indians, the fugitive families are still
reluctant to return.
The other dlUlculty is that tho settlers
declare that three others besides Stanley
nro implicated in the murder, and tho
Sheriff wants to havo them surrendered.
The Indians thus far havo refused to give
them up. How much truth there is in their
supposed complicity it is difficult to sur
mise at this distance. Tho first account
said that tho unfortunate herder had
been shot by two bullets, from am
bush, whilo sitting on a knoll nnd
tilling his pipe. Tho circumstances
suggest deliberate aim, so that even ono
man could havo done the shooting. The
Indians possibly would not regard compan
ionship with the murderer as involving
them In his guilt, and yet, of course, under
tho law by which ho is to be tried, that
presence at the time would warrant arrest
and might show complicity and aid.
Ono element in tlio affair which no doubt
has much inlluence Is that the Indians
know that Capt. Stouch, their agent. Is
opposed to tho methods adopted by tho
Sheriff and his party, and that tho troops
support tho agent. Tho Sheriff is reported
to have a warrant for tlio arrest of Agent
Stouch. Thut division of sentiment among
tho white authorities will bo noted by tho
Indians. And yet It may also havo Its good
effects. Tho determination of Agent Stoith
to protect his Indians nnd to prevent tho
settlers from working their will on tho
reservntion may help to prevent an out
break, and on tho wholo tho signs still
point toward peace.
Tho Enrly Mugwump Illrd and tho
Worm.
The Citizens' Union Is a sort of select and
esoteric Institution, nnd perhaps It Is n
mlstako for tho uninitiated to make any
remarks about It. Tho Pythagoreans pos
sessed Infinite, wisdom, and yet nobody
seems to know tho reasons which prompted
them to refuso to cat beans. The Citizens'
Union Is a Pythagorean wisdom trust of
undoubted merit, and nil Its stockholders
admit In halcyon voices that they know
beans; and yet they areas mysterious ns tho
most recondite Pythagorean Literary nnd
Socinl Mugwump Union of Magna Gnecln
over was, We approach with duo reverenco
nnd us utter laymen; hut why Is It that
time, which Is technically meant for
slaves, is vital to tho prosperity of tlio
C. U. ? Our esteemed stone-houso con
temporary, tho .Vrtc York Timet, has
declared with much passion and em
phasis that unless tho Union makes
Its nominations at once, civic virtue will
bo botrayed and all the deviltries of deals
will corrupt tho geutlo causo of non-partisanship.
It is the consensus of enlightened
Mugwump opinion that civic virtue and
non-partisanship cannot be warranted be
yond the 17th of June, at the latest. It Is
not for laymen to understand thut curious
fragility of clvlo virtue and non-partisan-Bhlp.
It must bo accepted as a fact, regret
table, but unavoidable. Common political
parties and common politicians aro capable
of remaining truo to their convictions for a
good many yenrsj but evidently nn ldenl
rlrttto must not bo exposed to the rodo tests
of time. Subllmo nnd ultimate truth does
not come down from heaven to play a long
engagement.
Our esteemed stone-honsc contemporary,
still a faithful wounder of Its friends, con
tinues to Insist with energy, and even with
asperity, that time Is futnl to the aspira
tions of struggling civic virtue. It is sad
to bo forced to believe that lmmortnl truth
Is subject to these rnrlntlonsof the time tn
bio; but so It is, nnd consequently other
wise It ennnot be. "Tho timo hns come,"
observes tho Time with a dramatic sad
ness, " for n Cltlrens' Union nomination."
The time has come and the nomination
hasn't. The Union "has an organization,
workers, principles, a distinct purpose. It
lacks n candidate." And tho peculiarity of
tho principles of the Union Is that nobody
cares a groat about them unless thcro is n
candldnto cnndidating In their behalf. Not
principles but men is tho motto of tho
Union. As tho result of having a select
though unregarded Invoice of principles,
but no candidates to algn them. " the Union
is not growing, and Its central principle of
non-partisan city government Is not ad
vancing an Inch. Tho work Is at a stand
still. Nothing but a nomination can carry
It past tho dead point and set tho machin
ery in motion again."
There is something too mortuary In this
remark about a dead point. Surely there
can bo no dead point In the history of a
movement so vital as tho Citizens' Union.
Nor can there be nny mnchinery to a con
cern which protests against political ma
chinery and Is so nobly nnd purely volun
teer. It Is the misfortune of tho Times to
apply unrcgencrnte nnd cnrnnl languago to
a dream almost too beautiful to lie ex
pressed in the concrete vulgar tongue. But
these aro considerations which It is almost
a sacrilege to dwell upon at such a time. If
It is Indispensable to tho prosperity of the
almost sacred objects of the Citizens' Union
that It should have some candidates to
represent it and to inflame tho activity of
Its rotnrles, those candidates should bo
nominated at once. In fact, if necessary,
nnd It seems to be particularly necessary,
tho candidate should !e nominated yester
day. This is a case in which delays nro moro
than dangerous ; they arc Immoral.
Yesterday's event In Urbana notifies that
town and tho pcoplo of Ohio that they might as
well illsband tfaelr National Guard and turn tho
control of affairs over to the mob and let It role
undliputcd. Shamo on the people of Urbana
and their Mayor!
"We fix tho price of pold." WnxiAM J.
Chtak.
This is one of a lone list of specious remarks
with whkh tho Boy Orator began to re
vivify the delusions of tho voters of In
dianapolis. Whilo technically wo call a certain
amount of roM a dollar, we are as powerless
to dctcrmlno what that dollar is worth or
what It will exchange for in other commod
ities ns we arc to regulate people's estimates of
their fellow citizens. For example, while the
present dollar has consisted of the samo amount
of Rold slnco 1 837, Us price in waeres has greatly
and steadily declined. Mr. Bktan hasn't learned
anything since 1690.
Theacnaltts! of Havemever and SEAm.ES is
m practical hntl'-e that thr tro.u are not to be dU
turtd by Senatorial lnTettlffitr SvraruM Pott.
Tills justifies us in saying that the Stiracutt
Pott is tho champion Dryanlte, ignoramus, and
damphool of the Empire State.
"Set-Tare Rempabllcam.
To toe Ewioa or TnE Sen Sir; The Latin quota
tion on the Shaw memorial, "Omnia rellnqnlt aer
Tire rempublicam." In which aomo Boatonlana haTe
found a Grammatical error. It the motto of tha So
ciety of the Cincinnati; probably It la to be found In
some Laila author, aa the construction it not uncom
mon In both prose and poetry. B.
Jcxe 3.
To Tn Editor or Tn sc.i Sir: I notloed thai
some critics took offence at the inscription on the
bhaw memorial in Boston. The correction accordlng
to "Allen and tirenough" Is Justlnable, but the crtUca
did cot go far enough.
In that same grammar they might hare discovered
that Terta denoting to -faTor. please, trust, be
lle e. persuade, command, otiey, serve, realst, enry,
threaten, pardon, and span" gorem the dative and
not the arcusatlve. In my opinion the quotation
should read, "Omnia Rellnqult, ut Relpubllcas Ser
ret." Respectfully, J, S. SI.
Jcxe 3.
An Ktplnnatlon rrens Mr. Foultney Blg-elaw.
To the Epitor or The Sex str: These Hues from
Tin Sex of Mar 1- do me Injustice:
"It Is amazing to find Mr. Poultner nigelow comlnc
out In fcirrer's Weekly as the defender of Carl
Teters, the ruffianly explorer whose expulsion from
the empire's foreign service for hanging black women
caused great satisfaction throughout Uerniany."
I met Carl l'etera wbn he had Just been cordially
welcomed all over the United Statea, and particularly
In Chicago; when he was the German Emperor's guest
at the opening of the Kiel Canal, and when official
Germany crawled upon lta belly to do him honor.
Whatever may have been proved against him tn a
German courl of law since our meeting, he was then,
lu my opinion ami In that of my fellow Americans,
the only German who had accomplished great things
for his country in Africa. II has made enemies
among the lierlln officials, and now he Is kicked out
of Ids countr's service, and all tboae who formerly
saug hit praises now hasten to otter him a maledic
tion. This Is not the time for Americans to paint him
blacker than he reallv is. I hate cruelty, espertally
toward women, and I hare never defended the alleged
crimes of Teters Uut I desp se the hypocrisy of those
Germans who fawned upon him when he waa strong
and Insult him freely when he la helpltas. II. M.
Stanlet Is not a Mi ml ay school sort of an Africander
yet he has done great things.
MlT 114. I'OILTKET BlQELOW.
Misconduct or the )uua Hallroad.
Tonir Editor or The si-t Mr; On Tuesday, Ii.lO
A. 31., 1 boarded n Nassau car for Path lleach. The
conductor collected tho faro without eating that tha
car would not go through. Arrived at the Twenty,
third Mrect depot, he refused to give me a transfer
and made me get out of the tar. After Halting for
twiuty minute I continued my louriic; on the next
car for the la h. I had to pay a second fare. This
la not an exception, but a dally occurrence on this
road. Snorrnu.
Poor llrlllih riersrmon.
oiii the London Axl',
"It's no, my turn for dinner to-day.' Such was
tho confession of a grnulng boy, one of the olive
branches of the vicar of an agricultural East Anglican
parish.
" Ills father had sent him to tbo Hall with a message,
Immediately after morning service, and the Squire
kindly told him to run homo quickly, or he would be
late for dinner. Hut. alas, poor little maul It waa not
his turn for dinner that Sunday,
"In every agricultural laborer's cottage the whole
family would lie gathered round their substantial
midday meali but the parson could only afford to
give his children a dinner on alternate Sundays."
Subordination, nt Itrpnrtlatlon.
Vom lac llutfalo Courier-Rerord.
Thero Is a prcctlcal unmiliully among Pemocratlo
newspapers In this Mate that the requirements of the
coming campaign demand the sulNtrdluallnn of na
tional Issuis to questions that havo to do with State
aud municipal administration. We say sul ordina
tion, not "repudiation," for the platform adopted at
Chicago last year must remain the law of the party,
an far f-a national policy Is concerned, until auotber
national concullou Is held,
Unglno nnd riddle.
from joeomotUt Engineering,
II r. Gladttonu lias said somewhere that tn perfect
the loooiuotlve has not required the expenditure of
more mental strength and application than to perfect
the violin. Tha looomotlre la not yet perfect and Is
aim Improving, while the violin has not been Im
proved In century. Mure men are to-day tinkering
at the locomotlv than aver worked at onoo on the
Tlolla.
jvjbh cii'jrx KcnrivE nvits.
The Rime Commission Prepare Them in r
form to Uetx. Itlnrka How l,mw, "
ALnANY, Juno 4. Tho Rtnto Civil Sc-Ti
Commission has roviso.1 tlio State dU tt.x
rules nnd rcirttlntlons to conform to Die rcqui.C' f
nients of "merit "and" tttics,"i protuiai i b
dor. Dlack's new Civil Service law. Tho ne
regulations will not become opcratit o uniil ih,"
have been approved by tho (lot crnnr. 1 l(. pj'
ent eligible lists havo been rev Iscd by th
mission to moot tho new requirements, b
dividing tho percentages of Micresfn rjn,if,
dates in half in order to fix. their standing (0
tho "merit" test. Theso candidate wi3n0i
havo to undergo another examination in'r"ni.
noss"at tho hands of appointing iniiu ra nh'
can mark them on this hrnnrh of tho cxnmlns!
tlon tip to 50 tier cent, Tho mv. ri.lcs nre it,.
samo ns tho old ones, oxcept Unit thc hate b
revised where they ucru int.oiislsti.iit wlihtJ:
new law. ""
Tho minimum percentage required for"incrie
before candidates can ho ccrtlllcd tn ntinninti..
officers for nn oxnmlnntlon ns to "Htnti." r.
fixed nt 33 per cent. This is -ti:linleni in th!
70 per cent, required under the old rules wk.I
tho liiaxlmumjircsumnbly for merit ulmi'e ..
100 per cent. Tliu iinmo of every candidate. !!
tho merit list must be certified tt nn in rolniiX!
ofttcor. whilo only tho first Hire.! hUhfa ,?
ccrtlllcd under tbo old law. Cniidldtssha.in.
preferred for appointment and promotion X
cording to tholr standing, ascertained by ndithVl
together their rating for merit ami that for fli
ness. Veterans havo tlio sntuo preference fas
nppolnlmont under tho new- hs under the old
Tho vnrlous municipal civil fervlce bosHi
will rovlso their city eh 11 service nculatlonsm
the same lines laid down by tlio State civil si
vlco Commission In tho ndoptlon of Stale rtJn
lntlons to-dny. "'
Gov. Illack's legal nd iscr. Charles Z. Unmln
met with thn State Civil ."irciie Commffi
yesterday and to-day and helped draft the n.
rules lu accordance with tho Governor's Ideu
CLOSE OF Till! Til A II ES CO.VO JtEjj,
Jfew Scheme or Klecllng o Hirer. Mrnnt to Clti
sin Internntloiml Ncope
PniLADELi'iltA, Juno 4. The monster Inter
national Trades Congress, which has been Ij
session In this city slnco Tuesday last, u
brought to a close to-day. Ilcfore this morning!
session tbo most Important business traiiMcted
was tho election of ofllcers to serve on the In.
tornntional Advisory Ilo-ird of the Museum!, t,
was decided to havo throe Vlcc-l'resldenta frora
tho United Ptates and ono from caih of th
South American republics, so ns to give th
museums nn international scone. Instead o'
purely national, as heretofore. The officer!
chosen were:
President. Robert Dlcakler of "S'ew- Q-leui-Vice-Presidents.
P. A. II. tVldencr, Phlladrf
fihlo; W. It. Qrace, New York, and Vina It. Car
er. Chlcafro.
Tho foreltrn Vice-Presidents arc Col. Dr. M-n.
dex. Draill; Ferrari Percr, Mexico, Carlos LU
Klett, Arcentina; P. do Murirtiiondo. rrngw
Carlos Itogers. Chili: Amino K. Delilni, Vttti
ucla; Alejandro Garland, Peru; Muro Ferns..
dez, Costa Klca; Frodcrlco Majia, San Salradar
and L. IL IUchter, British Guiana. '
manors aoiso to esgl.ixd,
A Party r Tbeaja Hailing To-Day to lie Preaad
t the Queen's Jubilee.
On the steamship Lucania, which Is scheduled
to sail to-day. are Bishop Thomas I'ndenroal
Dudley of Kentucky. Bishop George WortMnt
ton of Nebraska, Bishop YV. A. Leonard o! Oi'.a,
Bishop William Stevens Perry of Iowa, sod.
Bishop Boyd Vincent of southern Ohio, U
bound for the Congress of Bishops at Lambeth,
and, incidentally, to attend the Queen's JnUlee,
Other passengers on the Lucania are Prime Min
ister Wilfred Laurler of Canada, Sir Henry
Strong, Chief Justice of Canada; I)r. M. SrMUtr,
who is jrolnir to marry YvetteGuilbert. Mr. and
Mrs. i. W. Khlnelander. the Marquis of Cam
den. Mr. and Mrs. James Smaller, Col. J. M.
ScoreL Baron Itosenkranti, and Commodo:i
William II. Shock.
Lole Fuller and Samnel Mlnturn Peck are pu
sengers on the Anchor Line steamship City of
Home. Mrs. Cyrus W. Field and J. A. Bont
parte so away on the French liner La Toarsise,
Several Swedish singing; societies from varlost
American cities, bound for Stockholm, ars en
the Thtngvalla steamship Amerlka and til
steamship City of Rome.
PEART jIT oolbt.
Hie rnlverslty TTIlt Bead at Delegatus wta
film ts Xerfliera Greenland.
WATinviLLr, Me June 4. Lieut. Peary u
rived in this city at 4:30 this evening, and wu
met nt tho station bv Dr. J. Fred Hill. Dr. W.
Butler, President of Colby, and Dr. W. S. Bajlej,
Professor of Mineralogy at Colby. His lectnn
on his explorations in Northern Greenland vru
attended by fully 1,200 persons from Ws:
rllle and tho adjacent towns. At the cloe c!
the lecture Dr. Hill pave a reception for Lien'.
Peary, assisted by President Butler. Lea.tlnj
I citizens of Wotervllle have taken a verr dj
interest in the proposition made by Lieut. Pearr
to take n delegation from Colbx on his prtlfo!
nary trip to the northern coast of Greenland. Tnu
trip means a great deal to Colby, and there ltns
doubt that a delegation will be sent. The peo
ple of Watervllle consider that there is no wit
now open to Colby which can besoproiuctireoi
good results as this.
City fThtraeee Heard to Examine Firemen.
Commissioner Sfurgis, at the rocctin; of thl
Board of Fire Commissioners yesterdaj . o2rred
a resolution providing that the Municipal Civil
Service Board bo instructed to conduit U th
examinations for appointment and promotion in
the Fire Department, tho Fire Coinmiviosei
reserving the right to give a ratine of S for
merit in tho case of promotion of tott un
formed nnd non-uniformed members. Tbrrco
lueton was adopted, despite the oppo-itioa f
Commissioner Ls Grange, who said ihst tt'i
procedure would he an evasion of the nc Ciul
Scrvlce-law, which made it mandafun oaths
department to create a special civil ecrviot
board for its employees.
SVXIIEAMS.
X policeman of Itlchmond. Va.. burnei M' tsal
tn snatching: off the blaxlns bonnet of a 'vonaa whe
was Just emartinc from a soda water sti?re whsrs
clears are sold. The bonnet had been Utile 1 6r
comlnx tn contact with the gas Jet of a mini-mi
clear lighter.
Charles n. Tlacklev. a mtlllonalrs pMlinitre
plat of Muakejoa. Mich., restricts hlro.'lf t slmp.i
ttvlnx. It It said of him that he has ruJen In nt"
family carriage onlx once, and then to aitrnJ s fa
nsral. and that although he owns a f ne umrasi
residence on the lake he has rarctr seen It.
Not having sufficient conn ence tail ''
which he procured would rid his house cf mire, i
man In tha Cltr of Mexico sprlntlcl a tianana in
with strychnine and left It where It e nice eul
gel t. Tneost took the sain and uropi-M It Ink
the water Jar. and the whole family were potions'
Their lives were saved njr applications of Its Hob
ach pump.
At Cenlralia, Ho lives a man h" r" "r'
in same gold collar button for fort vears It "
presented to him when he starlet from n! ion'
therewith a drove of aheap for California lu l"5'
He wore It thioughout his susienunil alentute
career In the Il-wky Mountain siatei. I'-ni'J "
luiubla, the South during war time, tae ' '
dies, and i'auama.
foreign Slotr or Ileal Interest.
Requiem masses were celebrated lu Its n snls
Genoa on th fiftieth anniversary of Panl'l CO"
nell'a death. In the latter cltr a proceMton rosret'
from the church to me house In which ike II1'"
alor died, lier a hronio meualllnn Msiuntrlls13
The t10,000 memorial inurcn at Catilr'neen.foot
t Kerr , his birthplace, will be compleir 1 tW J'"
Darelr had M. Vulllod. the "man cannon, t
elected Btuator for the Jura dliirlci tftsn ' "
called upon to make political use of hli eilta''
dlnary strength. In th municipal couiirtl nt 5,u
Claude, to which hn belongi, I wo members, aft"
xcltanglUE Insulis. caino to blows. I. VullloJ,
axtendlne a hand on each, brouuht tlnni 1 "
ground and restored order to the council.
Chulalougkorn, King of Slam, who Is n0
at the Italian lakes, vlilted the lemile si "'
ay. In Cejlon. where one of lludJhs "'
is preserved, nnd asked emission to tsnl
the relic. The prions refused, alinoujti !''
had allowed the Klug's brother to tnum II
few ears ago. Chulalonglom got autrjr o tl "
onlr refused tho presents of the prleils l"t '
back th gifts he had brought for the Irirule
Clarman mtho appears In the compfesilon of
Che religious nutriment neeled by the soldier l J
flsld Into a little book weighing four ouu-e. '
"Kvangellsches Mllltalr Oeiang and riehetMi'n
Cromwell's Ironsides, too. tarried their ""'"
literature about In a verjr lompscl shape, while
modern Prltish soldier's outfit weUhs one pou"
It it calculated that wiih armlet of lOO.OOn m
tho Oermini would cairy eleven tont of ttersl i
ratur to the Britishers' fortr-tour, Itavlna me
room for thlrtjr.ihr tons more of carulH.