The sun. [volume], July 24, 1898, 2, Image 15

About The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916

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p? --y-s-y, su1pAY jufry 24; 1898. - .
f YELLOW JACK'S SCOURGE.
ho.vjm or tiie mnat axd its cause
AX1 TBEAT3IEKT,
IpiinUh Indifference to It lias Cost the
World Million, and nnndreds of Thon
annda of IJTi-It Needs Fersons Cnmed
to tho Tropic to Thrive and It lias
Alwny Plenty of Such Raw Material.
Yellow fover of (ho tropic Is nn acute speolflo
ijyer Once developed It ennnot bo mistaken
for anything olso. It In Infeotlous and ordi
narily Is not 'deemed contagious A tempera
ture of eighty decrees and upward Is neces
sary Cndor certain otmospherlo conditions,
dependent apnn grent heat and moisture, con
ditions not thoroiiEhly understood. Its poison
Is intensified and epidemics result. Its poison
Oaioryactivo and subtlo accnt easily trans
missible In many loealltlos It Is endemic, due almost
wljnllv to Rpnnlsh and Spanish-American In
difference to sanitary surroundlnirs and a koon
realisation of tho value of human life. Its
chief culture beds ore nuvoua nnd Santiago In
ful a. 'Vera Cnir In Mexico. San Juan do Porto
litco. ( olon. nnd Tanama. on tho Isthmus of
I'vj-ima Thotllsenso Ispart and parcel of tho
fenloinl cities named
Its nearest habtat Is Cuba. Cuba has It nil
the time, lint Its chief ecntro of activity Is
Hiivan.i, whore It becomes nn epidemic yearly
1 luiie, July, and August, when sufficient un
a llmated mt rial Is present. When very
nctne. In Havana during midsummer It Is
nlinntt quiescent In eastern Cuba InNovem
l.r December, nnd .Tnnuary It takes on Its
gp.ite netiv Ity In Santiago Buch Is tho ordl
,1 m v Mite of Cuba regurdlng yellow fover. At
all times yellow foer may bo found In some
lutun !ort Also In the oldest cltlos. where
jctlcntlnl conditions are very marked.
Its perJod of Incubation or hatehlne In the
human body by some has been fixed at four to
el clays after landing In an Infected contre.
or having been exposed to Its poison through
infected material Authontleatod cases aro
known where the period of Incubation hns been
ffteen dnjs Arbitrary laws may apply to some
things, hut tho v-iluo Is nil In tropical yellow
fever Asagenernl statemsnt, yellow fovorts
a disease of newcomers In tho tropical belt.
They have kept It active In Cuba for over
JOO years Men In full health, of rood
1 . and habits, furnish the greater part
of Its victims. The newcomer In the
tropics constantly comes under new con
ditions, both natural and physical. The
natural conditions become a tax on an
oresnlsm previously In fall health. In tem
perate climates there Is an equipoise, the In
ternal orcans doing their own work under
normal conditions. In tho tropics chances In
the tissue must follow If the Individual Is to
itay In them and become wholly acclimated or
adapted to the new conditions The nice bal
ance of power is upset Many unduly expose
themselves to the soorohlng sunlight Others
expose themselves to the heavy dews. Many
Indulge In the fully matured Juicy fruits of the
tropics, thereby nndnly upsettlne the already
1 overtaxed Internal machinery. A fever of some
kind Is a mere Question of weeks or months.
It may be a simple malarial fever a perni
cious malarial-fever or the dread yellow jaok.
The several elements referred tocenerally re
sult In marked constipation a condition always
associated with yellow fever. Other aymptoms
are In order. "When a physician la sent for the
sick man has a red faoe, as scarlet as a boiled
lobster. There U the came scarlet fever tint
over the whole skin of the body. There are
severe headaches, generally across the fore
head; pain low down In the small of the back.
frequently of an excruciation kind. No position
(Ives any rest. Inquiry develops the faot that
a well-marked chill precedes the headache and
general malaria. The length and severity of
the chill have a marked significance. Intensity
of it means a troublesome case.
Itrlefly stated, such are the general symptoms
leading np to a oase of yellow ferer. Minor de
tails are avoided. The chief landmarks are
ample for the purpose in hand, A tew cases
show a different kind of Invasion or seizure.
They are attended by sudden nausea and diz
ziness. That greatly alarms the newcomer.
They pass, to be followed by the usual symp
toms, as stated. The lntonso suffusion or red
ness of tho face, the Intolerable headache, the
boric 1 pain In the back near the buttock, and
the man's statements generally make up the
elements necessary for Instant treatment. It
Imay be an Intense malarial fever. Be that as It
may. early and Instant treatment may mean a
life saved.
As between a sharp malarial attack In a new
comer, be it simple Intermittent or bilious re
mittent and yellow fever, quinine and laxatives
I r.:U5t be the acents In clearinir up doubts,
laxatives and quinine have a speclfle and well
known action. If they fail to reduce the fever
In ten to twche hours, both having been given
In full tropical doses, then tho yellow fever ex
pert knows just what Is ahead. What faces
Mm is a condition and not a theory, and mush
time has bean saved.
Tho temporaturo In the first stare Is from
102' to 1U4 Some cases reaoh 105 and re
coer revere at 100 and 107 asaruloare
fatal In tho tropica. If tho case passes through
the first or "initial fovnr" and enters on tho
" stage of calm," as ft Is ealled. there is a slight
falhn temperature, with a marked lessening In
all the symptoms In stage of "secondary
finer" It soon runs up to the maximum In the
first stage Necessarily with the lnereasod
fever the classio symptoms all be
come Intensified. Tho "porlod of oalm"
often Is very deceptive Generally it is a mere
repression Tho pulse resumes Ita hard, un-
yieiumg onarjcter. Respirations become hur
ried, when tho whole clinical picture becomes
ver threatening. ltespiratlons aro ofton from
40 to f.0 a minute; pulse, 70 to BO, tho slow
pulse, being -very characteristic.
The thirst is great, as a rulo. Tho vomiting
I constant and a most distressing symptom.
Tho vomiting in tho sovero cases Is marked In
the stage of "secondary fever."
The sllehtnst pressure over the pit of the
stornaeii causes Intense pain, duo to tho acute
Inflammation of that organ. If albumon falls
to appear in the urine durlngthe " Initial fever"
4 It invariably appears during the "period of
J T-7 calm," or In that of the "secondary fevor." All
"' C1WS of truo yellow fever rive albumen in tho
3 urino. This with the other symptoms makes a
; typlenl case of tropical yellow fever. Even
t , vv hen delirium Is absent the patients move
I about In bed. The pain and cenoral disturb-
anco wear them out Bleep undor such condi
tions in Impossible. Opium and morphine are
contraindlcatod by the condition of the kidneys.
Bueh Is the malignant type that kills In four
or five days. 'When it lsafover of single "ac
cess " or paroxysm, the albumen Invariably ap
pears on the second or third day, also the vom-
Iting Necessarily the hoariest mortality Is In
this class in cases ending fatally "black
vwlt," suppression of urine and other symp
toms obtain , coma In some, delirium In others.
In still others the mind Is perteotly clear whoa
death closes the scene.
jt f-omplleatod cases occur among those who
" haTe lld somo form of malarial fever. The
i tongue generally Is furrod from the back to the
rout The vomited matters at first are clear,
homo ealled "white vomit" by Dr. Blair. It
S pneedes the "black vomit" The latter gen-
J erally u a fatal symptom. Still some patients
I havuliadit and have recovered. As the fever
1 ,'Jcr' a,('s In Intensity the mucous membrane
olthu tongue and mouth shows strips where
blood etudes and collects on the teeth and lips.
n " "li' ntes the blood changes.
A ery loeullar and characteristic odor Is ex
lul"d from tho bodies of such patients wblla
ulue 1 1 1 (euliir color developed In many of
th""isns during gome of Its stages, dependinr
1uim tlmir se,.rlty, g duo to blood changes.
Ullc erloi w nTl,n rlcn Clnary jrollow It bo
c me, iirv marked aftor death and during
c "w " lwneti thn tiamo of tho disease,
j I 1 1 mn f the ease ilependH on maintaining
" '.'. f tin-blood In the majority of se
' iKiurlMiniftiit is retained by the
fcjiu.it.il 1 he no0 snstro-lntcstlnal tract U
In an abnormal condition. There Is no assimi
lation, no pabulum for blood, and a general
failure to maintain thoOlfe currents. The
blood In malignant cases, when oxamlnod
microscopically, on tho fourth day shows a
wholly disorganized fluid, deficient In the Hfo
susUInlng rod corpuscles. They are oxyren
bearers, nnd It Is their duty to purify the blood.
Tho blood loses Its flbrlno. Tho heart simply
pumps a fluid that has no tissue-repairing
property. Congestions and allied conditions
obtain. Heart failure and acute fatty degener
ation of tho lhor aro products of the disease.
The oases that recover are of two kinds.
Somo have the " secondary fever" and the In
tcnslllod symptoms. Tho fover lasts In the
"Booondary phaso" from four to ten days and
ends abruptly whon the patient enters on his
convalescence. In this class treatment does
hatOBomo effect As tho temperature falls In
such cases tho symptoms beoomo milder. The
kidneys commence to do their work and nature
Bets about righting herself.
In tho third and last form to bo considered
hero tho initial symptoms are those already de
scribed, but greatly modified. Borne writers
call It a foer of acclimation, with headache,
bnokncho, temperature, at 101 or 102 dogreos.
faco flushed, oyes congested, and a protous
constipation. This kind of yellow fover con
sists of astnglo fever, "access," or paroxysm.
It has all tho othor symptoms. The urine gives
albumen. Albumen must bo present In all the
cases, or thoy aro not yellow feer of tho tropics
Yellow fever protects against subsequent
attaoks. Tho immunity Is complete while thoy
live in tho tropics. Convalesenco is very slow.
Where practicable when welt enough patlonta
should bo sent to a cooler climate. Many aro
as vioak as Infants for days and weeks. They
hmetobo watched constantly. At times they
are ravenous for food. An Improper meal fre
quently means death In a fow hours. The rich
canary yellow of scalp and skin often remains
for weeks. In tho tedious cases the emaciation
is groat As the blood Is restored the tlssuos
aro restored and the color dlsnppoars.
Tho many treatments laid down In tho text
books of yellow fovor aro a general confession
that no real or efficacious treatment Is known.
The general plan is to ov orcomotho always pres
ent and obstinate constipation. The next is to
get the hot dry skin in proper action. Much
valuable time may be saved by instant action.
Tho administration of a full dose of sulphatoot
soda or opsom salts In a pint of hot lemonado
Is excellent and give It to tho sick man while
getting him ready for a simple npor bath one
that can bo given anywhere. Place him on
a chair with a wooden seat Put his foet
In a buckot of water as hot as ho
can bear it Light a spirit lamp and sot it un
der the chair. Wrap man In blankets. Hoe that
no heat or vapor escapes. In a few minutes the
perspiration will begin to flow down the face.
It will roll down the body. The angry red flush
of the face fades. The hot dry skin Is moist
The betterment Is very marked. This is great
ly Increased when the salts have acted. The
patient looks and Is better. He Is lifted, put to
bed. and covered with blankets. He may be
bathed In perspiration for an hour or two. If
the skin again Is hot and dry, repeat the vapor
bath. It necessary also repeat the dose of salts.
Three or four baths may be given. They must
not be pushed to causing falntness.
With this treatment two primary and most
Important indications have been met the
loaded Intestines have been emptied, the skin
has been forced to act and eliminate Its retained
escrettons. In short the patient has been
plaoed In the most favorablo condition to fight
the disease. The saving of time is a factor of
the greatest importance.
If the stomach will stand It add drinks are
very satisfying and very useful. The condition
of the etomaoh must determine the frequenoy
of administering them. Add solutions are un
favorable to development of germ life, and yel
low fever Is duo to a germ. Dr. Frolre discov
ered It In 1882. Mustard over the stomach
may be useful In chocking the vomiting.
Later.lt the temperature persists in ascending,
the oold packers will be very useful. A tempera
ture of 10K degrees and upward Is the tempera
ture associated with delirium. As soon as the
cold brings It down to 104 degrees the delirium
disappears. By preventing delirium exoeaslve
fever Is prevented, or that hypor-pyrexta
that leads to heart failure and death. The
symptoms have to be fought constantly and In
telligently, step by step. Constant vigilance is
the price of lives saved. Forth uncontrollable
thirst small pieces of Ice are very useful. The
patient has no desire for food.
In yellow fever the order of symptoms Is not
regular. One patient has one sort another
another. Skill, tact and Judgment aro essen
tial. Let tho sick room bo cool, well ventilated.
No one but nurses and attendants should be
allowed near the sick man. His life Is In the
balance. Much depends on an early recognition
of the disease and Instant treatment
Buoh patients must be Isolated it the ten
dency Is to an epidemic. During conraletence
all of the late sanitary measures must be em
ployed. Infected clothing should be burned.
TOLD OF AQVIXAIJiO.
Th Ialer of the Insurgents In the Philip
pines Against Spuniih Rule.
Frvwt tXt mladtlpla Record.
Pancho Arulnaldo, the native dictator of the
Philippines. Is a very picturesque personage.
He Is the son of a very prominent native chief.
Anxious that his boy should be educated, this
chief confided the lad to the Spanish priests,
who thought that Agulnaldo's Influence when
he grew up would help to maintain Spanish
authority among the Malay population. The
father Is rich for a native, and Pancho Agui
naldo. after being taught in the local Bohools,
was sent to Madrid to study theology and qual
ify for the priesthood. Aftor a year or two of
study the young man boldly declared ho would
not be a priest, but a soldier. So hi was drafted
into one of the native reglmente. In which a
fow of the subalterns aro Manila mon, but all
the Captains and field officers are Spanish.
Nearly two years ago Aguinaldo and a com
patriot named Alexandre, also a Lieutenant of
natho troops, organlred a revolt In tho native
corps. Agulnaldo's regiment 0110 morning
wbllo on parade shot all the Spanish 0)11 00 ra
except a few Lieutenants and took to tho sa
annos great tracklens prairies, swampy, with
occasional high biw of land called "mattos"
Horn Aguinaldo made his headquarters At
one timo ho must have had 4.000 or ft.000 men
under arms of some sort hidden In theso fast
nesses, raiding tho rich settlement whenover
thoy felt like It. The political Governor-General
of the Philippines, Heflor Don Baslllo Augustln
y Dat lla, offered a reward of 20,000 for tho
head of Aguinaldo. Within a week he received
a note from the insurgent chief, saying; ' I
need tho sum you offer very much, and will de
liver the head myself." ., . . .
Ton days later tho southeast typhoon was
raging. The hurricane for It was ono was
touring things to bits, and it was raining, as It
can rim only in the Orlont, a sheet of block
water flooding tho earth. Tho two sentinels at
the Qoornor-Genorars gate made the usual
referent slgu as a priest passed In, who asked
if his Excellency was within and unengaged.
7'hoy answered yes to both questions. Don
laslllo did not turn his head, as some one en
tered. It was his secretary, ho supposed, come
to help prepare an olouuent statement upon
the condition of tho colonies. It was not the
secretary, but a priest, who said; "Peace be
with you, my son " ,
T hit cleric locked tho door, and, dropping his
clou k, said:
"Doiouknowrao?" ,, , , ,
Don Iiusllio did not know hlra. It was Aguin
aldo. also a twenty-inch bolo. a native knife.
Bharp as a razor, larrled by evury Malay In time
of trouble Thoy can lop oil an arm with one
blow, as though it was u carrot.
" I htK brought the head of Aguinaldo.'' the
chief aaW. touching the edgo of lils low el-hllteu
bolo to atcortain its condition, "and I claim the
reward! Hasten, also I shall have to expedite '
tho matter mjrself " ...,. t..
Don Baslllo was trapped. He had to open his
desk and oount out the sum In bpuntah gold.
Aguinaldo iiunctlllouBly wrote a rece ptcoolljr
counted tho money and, walked backward
toward the door, lie suddenly opeiiodttand
dashed out just ahead of a pistol bullet that
cut his looks on tho temples Captain-General
l'ulavleia offered hlra and Alexandre a freo par
don nnd $200,000 each to quit tho colony Thoy
accepted It and got the money, only to learn
that they were botfito be assassinated the nex.t
night nt a festa Tho two men who had un
dertoken the job were found dead, stabbed to
tho heart. In their own beds On tho kriss
handle was a bit of paper with a lino saying:
"Itewaroof the Malay's vengeaneo
l'olaleja resigned und returned to Bpain.
being Biicceedo'l by Gen, Augustln, formerly
Caitaln.(ieneralof Barcelona.
Aguinaldo Is about 2H years old. He anil his
comrade. Alexandre, hold the future of the
Philippines almost In their hands.
l mi MiimnmaniaaaBMSJMMBi
SPAIN'S BILL IN THE WAR.
ovn mica of pbacb wilt, thobahzt
bb $.ira,opo,ooo.
If TTe Take Territory an Allowance for It
Will Undoubtedly Do Made The In
demnities That Other Nation nave Ilad
to Pay Under Similar Clronmttanees,
In the earlier wars of the century some nota
ble precedents have been made from which an
Idea may be formed of the size of tho bill short
ly to be made out by the United States agalnBt
Spain, Tho principle followed has been that
both In territory and in cash, tho defeated na
tion Is liable to pay for Its oxperlenoo Afar
off but famous illustration of this principle la
found In the terms of peaco dictated by the
alllod powers of Europo to France, after the fall
of Napoleon at Waterloo. Not only were various
pieces of French territory appropriated, buther
Important frontier fortresses were held for flvo
years bynn "army of occupation," which the
French treasury woa mode to pay and support
As a result of the three wars between Great
Britain and China (1840, 1857 and 1800) tho
Chtnoso Government besides ceding Hong
Kong to tho victorious British and opening sev
eral of her porta to trade, was made to pay an
indemnity amounting In all to about $35,000.
000. In the case of tho war botween tho United
States nnd Mexico, when tho terms of peace
wore dictated by our Government compensa
tion was taken wholly in torrltory. Moxlco was
too poor at that time to have paid a cash in
demnity equivalent to thn cost of the war,
which was about $100,000,000. Bo we took
California and New Moxlco Instead of money,
and considered the bargain so good that we
paid $15,000,000 to tho Moxlcan Government
as an additional consideration for tho transfer.
Although not strictly a war indemnity, that
paid by Great Britain on account of the depre
dations of tho Alabama during our civil war Is
of tlmoly Interest as exemplifying tho extent to
which claims for compensation may bo built up
and cut down. As originally put forward, the
Amorlcan claims practically comprised every
item In tho exponso of tho war from tho dny on
which tho Alabama put to sea. Tho prolonga
tion of tho war was attributed entirely to hor,
and she was therefore made responsible for
this, as well as for tho loss suffered
by American commerce through its trans
ference to foreign vessels and the
Increased rates of maritime insurance.
The Geneva tribunal, however, decided
that suoh Indirect results of the Alabama's
depredations oould not be Inoludod In the bill,
and awarded an Indemnity of $15,875,000 as an
equivalent for the Injury actually done to the
United States through tile fault or negligence
of England.
Tho recent war between China and Japan
was terminated by the peace ot Bhlmonoskl
three years ago. By the treaty China agreed
to pay Japan a sum equivalent to $170,000,000
In addition, sho oeded the island of Formosa to
her conquerors, recognized the Independence
ot Corea, and consented to open four bow
treaty ports.
Tho war betwoon Prussia and Austria, In
1800. was rounded off by the payment of a
notable indemnity by the vanquished Aus
trians. In addition to the territorial aggran
dizement of Prussia and tho exclusion ot
Austria from the German Bund, the treaty of
Prague, which terminated the war, provided
for the payment by Austria of an indemnity ot
40.000,000 Prussian thalore. or nbout $J0,0O0.
000. From this amount how over, deduction
was made of 15,000,000 t balers, representing
Austrian claims on Bchleswig-IIolstelii, nnd
5.000,000 thalersasan equivalent for the free
maintenance of tho Prussian army in Austria,
pending the conclusion ot peace
The heav lost w ar indemnity of modern times
was. of course that paid bv France at tho olose
ot tho warwtth Germany The hostilities lasted
ov or eight months, andihn total cost of the war
w as estimated at $1,380,000 000 Besides tho
cession of Alsace and Lorraine, Franco had to
pay Gonuany llvo milliards of francs ($1,000,
OOO.OOO) in installments which were allowed to
extend over three years Tho original demand
ot Germany was six milliards, or $200 000WO
more M Thiers strove in vain to save Metz.
but it was to his exertions that tho reduction in
the amount of the indemnity was due
Tho cost of tho ltusso-Turklsh war of 1877
has beon estimated at SlM&.WiO.tKX) Between
the declaration of; war by Itussia and the treaty
of San Btefano nearly eleven months elapsed.
By this treaty the Porte admitted itself In
debted to Bussla In the sum ot 1.410.000.000
rublos (about $725,000.0001 as indemnity for
the losses and expenses ot the war. The items
In tho aooount were as follows: $4(30.000,000
for war expenses, $205,000,000 for dam ago done
to tho south coast of Itussia, her export com
merce, Industries and railways: $53,000,000
for Injuries caused by the invasion of the
Caucasus, and $5,000,000 forinjurlos suffered
b Itusslan subjects nnd establishments in
Turkey. In consideration of the tinanUal em
barrassments of tho Ottoman Empire, the fV.tr
consented to accept In substitution for about
three-fifths of tho total sum the various terri
torial cessions sanctioned by the treaty ot
Berlin. This left a balance of $223,000,000
due to Russia by Turkej-, and a part of it is still
unpaid
Tho latest and most lenient war Indemnity
was that lov led by victorious Turkey on Greece
last year. Tho Sultan was obliged by the great
powers of Europe to cut It down to $20,000.
000. which was not a fourth part of what It ac
tually cost him.
A few comparative figures, taken from official
records, will sorve to put tho great Increase in
the cost of war as now conduoted. with all the
modern improvements. In a clear light Our
war for Independence lasted eight years, and
Its cost is officially recorded as $135,000,000,
using round figures There were about dlO,
000 troops ongaged In that war one-third
more than have been ealled out In the present
conflict with Spain, It follows that accepting
Mr. Dlngloy's estimate of $600,000,000 a year
as the cost of the present war. It is going to
cost threo times as much to fight Spain for one
year In 1808 as it cost to fight Great Britain for
tho eight years from 1775 to 178. The war of
1812, which lasted two years and eight months,
cost the United States a little ovor $107,000,
000, and to carry it on we put in the Hold 570.
000 troops, nearly threo times as many as we
have now under arms
The Mexican war. which lasted two years and
throo months, cost the Amerlcnn people $100.
tXJO.OOU and 112.000 troops were engaged In It.
If the number of the troops who carried our
Hag victoriously to the capital of Mexico had
been doubled thoy would have about equalled
thtt nttmher nf the nrmvnrm'in f tie tlnlri npnliiAt.
Spain, and tho cost of their two) ears and threo
months of operations would have been about
$2W,O00.000 From which It Is a plain deduc
tion that, with tho name number of men under
arms, a year ot war in 1898 Is about flvo times
asexpenslvoos was a year of war in 1840.
Thn cost of our great civ 11 conflict has been
put down at $,18 1.020.000. but that estimate
includes all expenses growing out of tho vtar,
as well us tho actual cost ot the military und
naval operations Tho direct outlay of tho
Uultod btates Government In carrying on tho
war for four j cars was .'1.400.000 000, und in
tho course ot the struggle 2,859.1:12 Union
troops were engaged. It is estimated that the
number of troops actually engaged on tha
Union side averaged 2 H20.108 for three years.
Hence it appears that the direct cost ot the
war, counting it on this threo years' basis, was
about $1,403,000,000 a your. But Mr. Ding
ley has told us that It will oost i500.000.000 to
keep 200.000 men fighting Spain for ono yeur.
which is more than one-Third as much as it
cost the Government to keep 2,320,000 men
fighting the Confederate States tor tho same
length ot time.
It Is easy to understand why modern warfare
Is so much more costly thnn tho old-fashioned
hind if we turn to a few of the leading Items in
10 military and naval oxpeudljurii of our tlrao.
Thn average cost ot a llrst-class battlsshlp is
$:i.O(X),000 1 lie cost of tho Maine, vv hleh was
a battleship ot the Eocond class, was $2,500,
000. An armored cruiser of the Brook
lyn tvpo costs tl.OOO.tKH) An armored
ram like thu Katahdln toss $1,000,000 A
doubln-turreted monitor nsts aliout $1.
500,000 A single-tut rnted monitor costs
about $500,000, A protected cruiser costs
all tho wuy from $1,000,000 to $2.700.000 : tho
Charleston cost tho former und tho Columbia
thn latter sum An unprotected cruiser of the
Ditrolt typo costs tOOO.OOO. An tinarmored
gunboat llku tho Concord Is worth $500,000 A
comiioslto gunboat of the Newport class costs
$2.10.000 Adyuatnite gunboat llko tho famous
Vesuvius Is worth $350,000, A torpedo boat of
th Tarragut pattern costB $225,000
Wohavo not lost any of our vessels in the
war with Spain The Maine, destroyed in Ha
vana harbor before tho war began, Is tho only
Item of this kind that will llgure la thn oomtne
bill of costs Tho Maine cost about $2,500,000
to build. A more serious Item will be compen
sation for thn lives ot the 200 American sailors
that were destroyed with her This may well
justify a claim of $5,000,000 more, to be distrib
uted among the surviving families of the men
who were thus treacherously killed, Other
Items In the bill will cover our general wor ex
penses of all kinds, for coal used at sea. for
transportation of our soldiers by land and by
sea. for war supplies of all kinds, for th pay
of our soldiers and sailors, and for thn losses
sustained by tho Interruption and disturb
auce of our trade and commerce, not only
with Cuba, but with other part of tho world
Thn Quartermaster's Department has estl
mated that $44,000,000 will bo nnoded to pay
the transportation charges alone of our armies
now engaged in lighting Hpnln forslx months
Tho Nftvi Department's latest estimate of tho
cost of furnishing our tWte In time of peace
with, nl their necessary oquipment of which
, ettiU u tut Uaillnw xtlnU tn uarir $L500,-
1
HHBHVjBHBBBBaHa
000 .a year. The exigencies of. war have cer
tainly doubled it This has nothing to do with
the cost of guns or the ammunition or the tor
pedoes. It covers only such things as coal,
hemp, wire, anohors, cables, chains, nautical
Instruments, lamps, bunting, and other tilings
that come strictly under tho head of "ships'
equipments." ,
The high cost of modern ordnance and am
munition will also help, swell Spain's Indemnity
bill. A complete supply of Ammunition to flu
ontealltho vessels sent to sea against Spain
costs about $4.750.XK). One battleship's full
supply of shot and shell coats about $400,000.
Kvorytlmo ono ot our monster 13-Inch guns Is
fired tho charge costs $1,500: a great many of
these charges are already Included In our little
account against Spain. The, smaller guns nro
fired nt a cost running all tho way from $200
up to $1,000 for each chsreo. The guns them
selves nro costly, too The bfll for 100 high
power steol guns for scacoast defences, built at
Bethlehem, Pa , Is $n,500.(XX)-avernglng $35,
000 aplecn.
Sir Dlngley's estimate of $500,000,000 as the
cost of our war operations against Spain for a
yenr covers nil these things, and Is prohnblya
calculation well within tho actual expenditure.
Even though (Spain sues for nenoe quickly it is
not posslhlo for our Government to avoid n
largo portion of this estimated outlay, as tho
troops have boon called out and contracts of
alf kinds have been madn for months ahead
The lndomnlty demanded of Hnaln.thoroforo,
will probably bo not less thnn thn cost ot nine
months of war, bnsed on Mr Dlngley's t-Btl-mato-$375,OO0.0OO
But. thon. there is tho
nlternntlvo of torrltory. v hero thn victorious
nation hns elected to tako largo areas of torrl
tory from tho conquered nation It has usually
been counted as part of the Indemnity. Bo that
If the ownership of thn Philippines, tho Ln
drones, Cuba, and Torto Rico passes from Hpnin
toUncloBam.ortothnpnopIn of those islands
under the protection of thn United States, that
may be allowed to cut down the amount ot the
Indemnity very considerably.
CltATTFIsa Alt OAlfB AKD FOOD.
TJovr They Are Captured and Cooked in tho
Freshwater Southwest,
JTrnm W SI. Lcuit Qhbt DtmorraU
"Crawfceshl" Is tho cry most frequently
hoard on Bt. Louis streets theso sultry July
nights. At a modorato computation It Is re
peated 10.000 times dally from 8 P. M. to 4
A. M. between Vandov enter nvonue and tho
lovoe. It has superseded tho "Itcd hot!"
slogan ot tho wlonerwurst man. It is symp
tomatic) evidence of a new industry, an Industry
by which hundreds of men. women and boys
are making a living. It means that n man or
boy Is traversing tho streets carrying a basket
lnileti with freshwater lobsters boiled to a
beautiful canulne nnd ready to be cnten.
"Cruwfeesh" Is tho vendor's pronunciation
of what modern dictionaries spell " crawfish."
rilny doslgnated "crevice." our English cous
lnsknowns "crovls."nnd Southern folk, edu
cated before tho word was corrupted, write
"crayfish." although thoy pronounce it "craw"
which is proper unless you have the knock of
say..ig " kra" after the French fashion. The
distinction in the sound is the same as In " aw"
and "ah"
II you havo never oaten crawfish you havoa
pleasure in store. But don't make your llrst
venture whon you are sorlous in your desire
for food To a hungry man entlng crawfish is
like taking soup with a fork : it is an aggrava
tion rather than a soloco. Walt till you merely
wish to oat to pamper our palate, then try craw
fish. If you do. and are lucky enough to get them
properly prepared, and your timo is only good
to pass, and you havo a proper appreciation of
Bt. Louis Ibeer, tho odds aro 100 to 1 that you
will become a slave to the cruwllsh habit.
It Is given to few persons to know tho craw
fish allt e as well as dead Them is a dim but
widely disseminated theory that the oraw
never moves forward. Evon tho ltov. Bam
Jones fosters this ballot by telling a story of
the old crew fish saying to tho young crawfish.
"Go ahead, young man." and the young craw
fish retorting. "Suppose you set the example."
But it is an error to suppose that the craw
fish always reverses the lever to go ahead. Ho
eau advance head first very slowly and pain
fully on land, and with more facility under
witter, and he habitually swims that way. but
when he Is In a hurry he goes backward.
The craw belongs to the crustacean family. Is
nearly related to thn lobster, and has tho same
disposition and tastes moditled to suit his fresh
water habitation. He is a scavenger, just as
the lobster is, and In his small way is quite as
flercn a flchter. He (tho irender !b immaterial)
breeds rapidly, utnepv lse tne race wouiu soon
become extinct, as fish and ttirtlon devour great
numbers, und man oontributos largely to its
decimation
The craw found in this latitude isalmost one
tenth tho woight of a lobster. In tho South
they attain a greater sizo Specimens twelve
Inches long havo been caught in Florida and
louisiana The Northorn oraw is rarely more
than four inches long. A notable circumstance
Is that the large crawfish, particularly those
living In clear water, nra almost as red while
alive as they aro after being boiled. This
Is not tho case with the other members of
the crustacean family. 'When very young
thu craw is white, like a shrimp Then
ho is great bait for bass and pickerel Aftor he
fets old and dark fish will not strike at him.
ut tho meat ot his tall will attract perch and
crapplo when ovon llvominnowsaro unavailing.
Catching crawfish Is even better sport for a
la7y man than shooting frogs All tho appara
tus needed is a tew yards of twine, a chunk of
liver (raw meat of any kind will do. but liver is
preferabln) and n row light sticks a yard long.
Tin 2S feet of string to tho end of astlck. fasten
a plecoof !crtotho other end of tho string:
let thu livor sink into tho water two feet; iiiB
tho butt end of your threo-foot rod Into tho
bank ; then fix another tacklo and do likewise.
One llshorman can attend to half a dozen
lines No honks nro needod. The orawllsh
seizes the bait firmly with one claw and pro
ceeds to tear off chunks of liver with the
other and feed himself. The motion of thn lino
tells when you have a blto Frcn your rod from
the bank and raise thn crawfish ucntly nnd
steadily upward Hn w ill cling to thn 1U er till he
Isilroppedlntoyourbasket.provldedyouhandlo
your linn so as not to jostle him. Of course, if
you want to bo a hog and take all chance of cs
capo from the craw, you can use a landing net,
nut tho truo sportsman scorns such an ud
vantago. If you are a pot-hunter you can catch
craws br the wholesale with almost no trouble.
Bait a basket with refuse and Bink it In tho
water where orawllsh congregate Let it re
main a few hours, then lift it out. It will be
halt full of craws fighting for tho food But
that method ot catching tho simple but succu
lent member of the genus C'ambarus cannot bo
too severely condemned , ,
After vou got your crawfish you probably
won't know what to do with there. If you ure
v ersed in tho lore of tho kitchen you flrst put a
kettle of water on the lire to boil Put In a
handful of suit and plonty of pepper. Cayonno
Is good, but real artists prefer Moxican iiods.
While tho kottle Is coming to a fierce boll wash
your craws In cold, clear water
Now comes that part of tho operation which
Is wrotiKfully-almo-t criminal!) neglected by
cooks who prepare craws for public sale Grasp
vour craw llrnily about tho liody and clnwB
with your left hnnd. so that ho cannot pinch
ou will llnd that he has lite legs, ono of
which grows out of his hod) in tho solar plexus
region Twist this off Then break tho tin of
mount ana pun iron it win oniii; iin 11 n
black string. This is the cniw's intestlnn. und
should always bo removed before tho fish is
cookod As soon as this Is done, toss tho craw
luto the boiling water, which has already been
Hcnsoned to suit thn taste. In flvo minutes ho
lsdonound ready to bo served. Ot course, if
you nro fastidious, you can skin tho tails and
servo only tho white meat with dressing, or
brown them in the oven
Most peonlo oat only thn sweet, white flesh
concealed under thn shell of the tall and In tho
claws of thn crawlleh. Others like the dark
contents of tho bod Georgo Hornor of tho
Louisville and Nashville llallroad and Artist
John Cunningham go In for this portion of tho
craw with great zest, and when you see one of
them ut n orawllsh lunch you may feel assured
thoro will bo no waste. , ,
The oraw tasteB llko a lobster, but is more
delicate. One person can finish 100 at asltting
and not feel overloaded. They are sold at 16
cents a dornn by thn Itinerant venders, and tha
few high-class restaurants that keep them
charge a trifle more. , , ,
To a person who knows how crawfish should
bn prepared tho practice of bolllna them bo
fore they are cleaned and serving thom with
out romov Ing tho Intestlno Is revolting, but the
frequenters of the summer gardens don't seem
to know the difference.
The Drugglit's Ilerenge.
Front tht Lanctt,
A case has recently been before a provincial
polloo court whloh Is not without Its amusing
side A small boy persisted in swinging on
the supports to tho blinds ot n druggist's shop.
Tho druggist dosed him with quassia iu solu
tion as a punishment. Tho Bmall boy ' hadthe
law of" the drugijlstwho, as a result, had to
pay a fine Our ByrnpathlcH are all with the
druggist, but yet wo think the decision ot the
case against him was right as well as a fore-
f:one conclusion, lie should have spanked thn
y. whose outsldo would certainly not have
been regarded either by magistrate, puront or
inibllo us so dearly sacred from Interference as
Ills gostro-lntestlnal tract. The Ingenuity of
tho punishment was bound to Inflame general
sentiment against him. even while no one may
deny that the boy's behavior was aggravating.
Wo think the magistrates were right to Inflict
a line and hope that thn decision will aot as a
Interrent for two rather obvlons reasons.
Firstly, if such retaliatory measures were to be
sanctioned by law thn noxt solution adminis
tered In this way might not bo so harmless as
quassia, the punishment might not fit the
crimo so well, and tho executioner might be
loss Instructed In therniwutlos Secondly, an
element In this way Is Imported into duiiUIi
ment which should nover be present In the
punishment of children at any rate thn ele
ment of nervous terror ,Wn know, and the
druggist knew, that the solution ot quasnia was
as harmless as, say. mani sorts of tablo lieer.
but the boy did not know it Ho might easily
believe that his dlsagreenblo sensations were
tho prelude to Impending death from poison
ing nnd a fond mother might possibly support
tho view, with tho result that much morn pain,
and of a different sort, would be caused than
was intended.
ON GEN. MERRIITS SHIP.
FUIST BTAOE OF TIIB JOVJISET TO
tiib ritiLXrriNBs.
Five Hundred Soldiers (let Acquainted with
the Corkscrew Motion of the Pacific
Gen. Menitt's Core of Ills Men-The
Fourth of July Prodigality of Hawaii.
TJ. S. Tiunsfoht Hkwt-obt. Honolulu. July
8 "The Confessions of a Candid Paasengor,"
an essay on tho doubtful joys of a transatlantic
trip which I read long ago In manuscript, but
which was too frank In Itsdetalls to find a plaoo
In tho columns ot a newspaper, has como up to
my mind during the fow days of tho voyngo of
tho Newport from San Francisco to Honolulu.
All tho Incidents of a son voage. stalo enough
to a hardened transatlantic traveller, have beon
repeated on the trip, but with the additional
and mnnlfold Interests of tho dally llfo ot tho
GOO soldiers on board.
Was It tho atmospheric disturbance caused
by the vibrations of tho ennnonado which
greeted us as we ran out of hearing of tho
chcora from every wharf end, we wondered,
that oompolled tho gathering ot tho fog that
drifted Into tho grcnt bay as wo crossed the
bar? Speculations us to tho cause, ot this phe
nomenon were soon brought to n sudden
termination by tho unexpected rlsoof a violent
gnlc, surprising even Capt. Saundors. whoso
long experience In theso waters mado him
confident of a fairly pleasant voyngo at this
season. All allusions to the misnomer ot the
great ocean were met with expressions
of irritation and disgust during tho sev
enteen hours wo lay to and breasted tho
gale, nnd those who were unfortunately
not inimnno from tho dread but ephemeral
malady now to the oxporlonoo of most of thoso
on bonrd spent most of their efforts between
spasms in slinging thoso few for whom tho
racking corkscrew motion ot the boat was. it
not dolight, at least not torture. But tho wind
blew Itself out before tho Invention of now ox
plotlves was exhausted, and we nt loat put our
stem toward distant Hawaii and steamed into
quieter waters and Into tho pleasant trade
winds as wo rando southing. The quotation
fiend ondod his scrlos with tho concise
declaration of Horace Greoloy, "Of all
my experiences of protracted physical dis
comfort seasickness Isdecldedly tho most vivid
and enduring." I fully Intended to kooptha
word out of this letter, preferring to suggest
the malady by easily interpreted references,
but I must repeat tho quotation In order to re
fute the last part ot it It is vlvid.it was vivid
enough on tho occasion ot the storm, but the
effect on mind and body, judging from the
hearty good spirits of tho mon shortly after
they had bathed awhllo in the refreshing air
and warm sunshine, was. In tholr case, at least
by no means enduring.
Everything in an entorprlso like this takes
its cue from tho loader, and those who are
familiar with the character of Gon. Merritt
and remomber tho Incidents of hts remarkable
military okroer noed not bo told that tho spirit
which animates every man on board Is. first of
all. soldierly and manly. It Is easy to under
stand why tho General Is so beloved by his
associates and popular with tho men In hts
command. His personality inspires confidence
and his contagious good humor is salutary and
exhilarating. A single observation wlUindicato
his disposition to make everybody as comfort
able as possible and show how Instinctively he
decides for what is best for the mass in distinc
tion to what Is best for tho favored few. The
soldiers aro quartered on tho lower deek In rows
ot neat bunks which reaoh from tho floor to the
deck above and oxtond from bow to stern.
narrow passagos give accoss to tnese bunks,
but there is no room for lounging or for exer
cise, and. worst ot all, no place to eat tho ra
tions Indeod, it is rather difficult to give out
rations at all In the narrow spaces In the neigh
borhood of tho galloy. It is usual in such cir
cumstances to allow tho men the run of part ot
tho upper deck at stated hours, but on tho
Newport thoro are no restrictions to freo circu
lation except those necessarily Imposed by the
limits of the officers' quarters in the saloon and
the so-called social boll.
Consequently tho decks are as busy as a
prairio dog village from dawn to dawn again,
and the wisdom that drifts Into the open win
dow of the upper-deck staterooms as tho men
exohango Ideas In unreserved expressions and
loud tones would make tho fortuno of an accu
rate chronicler. Thoy havo long ago settled,
judging from what I hear as I go to sleep and
from what wakes mo atthe earliest poepof day,
all important questions about the war, tho
habits of tho Islanders In tho far Philippines,
the morals ot Hawaii, the problems ot naviga
tion, and the degenerooy of man. Spencer.
Kant Huxley, Darwin, Capt. Cook, and Colum
bus a heterogenous list of authorities is quoted
in tho moonlight and all the intimate details of
soldier life are discussed by tho rcorults, and
tho duties of tho soldier's trodo are expounded
by the veterans. I am pleased to say that I
have yet to listen to criticism of the officers a
habit common to soldiers, but which has not
yet gnined a footing among theso troops.
As I write to-day. almost In sight of Molo
kat. the busy hum ot voices fills thn balmy air,
a gentle breeze Is blowing, the water Is as blue
as in tho pleasant bays of the Mediterranean.
The quartermasters aro busy issuing tho thin
ennvus suits of tan-colored llnon with a suit of
thin cotton underwear, two pairs of socks and an
abdominal belt ot flannel, shore-going clothes
for landing In Honolulu, Tho non-commls-slonnd
officers are learning to know by sight
tho men in tholr respective shorogoing
squads, for since tho batteries ot heavy
artillery havo been recruited from 04 to
200 men there has beon no time for tho
men to beeomo acquainted with tholr now
comrades. The usual discussions about fit of
garments and tho hearty ridtouloof tho recruits
in their reach-me-down suits nro as dlvnrttncr
to tho veterans as distracting to mo, and I
can with difficulty keep from writing what I
hear. And In this not dlsagreoable oocupation
of trying on what they call high-water pants
and poo-more coats tho last day before wo reach
the islands passes all too quickly.
But the trip has been surprisingly short It
seems to me Perhaps tho break made by the
Fourth of July helped the timo pass quickly.
An impromptu entertainment was arranged for
tho forenoon, and a lists of toasts was pro
posed after the luncheon at tho officers' mess.
At the exorcises on dock the Astor Battery Glee
Club sang ipatrlotro songs, the Declaration ot
Independence was read by Major C. H. Whip
ple, and what was unanimously pronounced a
rattllug good oration was delivered by Father
Doherty, the Chaplain of tho oxpodltlon. Gen.
Merritt did his part exceedingly well, for ho has
a concise, direct and sound method ot speak
ing, and the restof the participants In tho exor
cises were adjudged to bo in tho smattering ot
Spanish, which toll now are practicing, " Todos
noblles." This was the programme:
FBOOBAUMB OF KXKnCIBXB
Oil SOABD TOE STJtlMER NKWPOBT OF XBW
tokk on the jrounTit or JULT, 1808.
1. Prayer Chaplain Doherty,
2. RUrflpancUdltenntr.Aator llattery Olee Club.
3. DccUreUon of Indr-
prnilancs .... Hidbj-MJnrO n WtilppK
4. America . . Aator Jlattrry Qleo Club,
A, Oration ChspUIn Doherty
0. Red, Whits and Blue Aator lUttrry dies Club,
Ofllrer and cnlUtcd men will aiirmbln in front nf
tho oUoen' cabin, on the Jiumrane deck, 11 SO A. U.
COMMITTEE OF jVnitANOKMENTS.
Col Tom. Ool. McCiure, Major Kilbourne, Major
fltroth.r, Major Bcuient, Major Thorapeon and Capt
March.
TOASTS AFTER LUK( II.
" Our Country and Our Prraldent," Major den,
Msrritt
" Nation. Friendly tn Us and the Queen of Eng
land," Mr Frank D Millet.
"OurneueralComniandlngthe Army of the Phil
ippine.," Col McCiure "
" A Modern C'ni.atle," Gen Pabeock.
"TheDaj We Celebrate." Mr Murat BalaUtad
" Tha Olrla W e Ift llehlnd tie " den VV hltUer.
" The Army and the Navy," Col Crowder
" Our Oood Bhip Kewi.ort and Uer QalUnt Captain
and Crew." Capt Hatinuera.
Tbree cueera for Oeu Merritt. aud three cbeera for
the dar we celebrate
I have spoken of the dny we celebrated as a
pleasant break In thn trip, but that break was
of our own making There was another break
of quite another description the dny after the
Fourth, which took thn engineers of the
steamer flvo hours or more to repair Mean-
i while many victims of a new and original
motion as the itcamor slowly drifted In tha
wind returned to their devotions to tho sea
gods, and but for tho presence of a number ot
sharks around tho ship, which furnished a
fresh novelty, tho wait would havo been tedi
ous enough. A notlco on tho bulletin board
placed there aftor we got under way again Is
suggestive and fairly descriptive: "Lost two
sharks, ono hook, and ten pounds of bait lto
turn to tho men "
It Is curious to noto how llttlo Information
wo poisons nbout tho Islands wo nro going to
occupy, provided wo csenpotho Bpnnlsh floot
which, according to our last Information from
Washington, will arrive off tho Philippines
about tho last ot July, a date which w III llnd us
still at somo distance uw ay Thorn Is ono mnga
7lne nrtlcln In circulation and several minor
accounts of llfo and customs there. Tho only
nutliorltatho hook I havo heard of Is "Fore
man's Philippine Islnnds," published In 181)1,
nnd one copy of this Is on tho oxpodltlon. un
fortunntoly on another bont The only man In
our out lit who hns ever been thoro Is ltonry
S Jnromuof Now York, an agent of tho Paciflo
Mall Steamship Company If ho Is not a llvlna
cnoycloptcdla ho Is quite as satisfactory, bo
rn use with unfailing good nnture ho answers
questions nil day long, and, I suspect has a
fertilo Invention of his own to supply deficien
cies of Informutlon Ho his tho floor becauso
no ono can refute his statements, and he Is an
tnvaluahlo and cheery companion
It in a disagreeable duty to record tho serious
illness ot Mr. Murat Halstead. w ho accompanied
tho expedition oh historian. For sov oral days
ho has been keeping his berth, and will hare
to be left behind nt Honolulu.
Honolulu now prosonts somo of the most re
marknblo speotacles imaginable. Thoasands
ot soldiers arc dully turned loose In the town
without any apparent restrictions, and thoy
make tho best use of their liberty Notwith
standing tilts there has been up to this date not
ono slnglo arrest for mlscondunt or drunken
ness. Tho men speedily adopt tho native cus
tom of wearing wrcuths, nnd with pinks gird
ling their hats and long garlands across their
shoulders tho brawny soldiers from tho West
ern States maybe scon strolling nbont every
where with an imitation of Hawaiian Indolence,
or dashing aorossthe country on hired bloyclcB,
socking new fields ot fascinating adventure.
Every detachment Is feasted at least once
undor palm-thatched shutters In the grounds
ot tho old palace, whore Mrs. Dole, with
a company ot ladles, rocolves tlie men and
presides over tho festivities Writing rooms
In tho palace aro open to the men, and (the
height ot generous hospitality), their letters
aro posted free of charge. One of tho commit
tee told me that tho postage bill tor tho first
detachment woji $440. nnd further, thot tho
first banquet cost about $5,000. No more fas
cinating, picturesque and suggestive sceno
ever met my eye than this great assembly of
stalwart men seated at tables filled with tropi
cal delicacies, tn tha flickering half shade of
the trees and bowers.
Capt. March and his Astor battery with their
speolal red trlmmod suits are. It Is almost su
perfluous to remark, tha focus of Interest and
attention. Tho many qualities of beth men
and officers have been too ofton remnrked
upon to need further comment. I need only
say thoy aro keeping up tholr reputation.
Wo are off this noon after only too short a stay
In this Capua.
REST IX 3IAXIT.A.
Every Tear tTns ISO Hollduye Two IToura for
Luncheon Music nud Alluring Ileauty,
From Me LoudnlU Courier Journal.
Outsldo of the Spanish colony In Manila there
Is little care for the fashions as they chango
from season to season In Kuropo anil America.
Tho same matertlal and cut does in summer
and In winter or. more accurately. In tho wet
Bcason and In tho dry. Tlioio Is never any
frost and never occasion for furnaces or opon
fires Except for cooking, there is plenty of
heat in the atmosphere the yoar around
Men wear white duck suits, with thin flannel
or sllkundorwcur.no llnon shirt orcollar. white
pith helmets, and white canvas shoes tho year
round. The Spaniards and tho Spanish half
castes go In for style a little more. The Span
iards are haughty and fond of dlsplav ing their
uniformsof blun or white and thnir gold trim
mings Thehalf-oostes.orMnstlra, are equally
fond of display, but their attfrn is something of
a compromise between European und Chinese
medes.
Besides the one year out ot sovon that all
foreign employees of tho great morcantilo
houses represented in Manila havo given to
them as "homo leave." there Is a month's va
cation eaoh year, u regular holiday each
month, and all thn saints1 dnvs. and Spanish,
French, Fnglish German, nnd American holi
days Not to observe a saint's day In Manila is
sinful, und ovory ono holds such sinfulness In
5 special detestation. Figuring In ull the saints'
ais. Sundays, and general holidays, there are
l'-'O da) s in each year whun thvso pooplo do not
work
Clerks earn from $2,500 to $5,000 a vear.
besides having lodgings found. n mess allow
ance, medical ntteudnneo. and travelling ex
penses In many cases tholr rooms nro over
tho nfllces They work from daylight to noon,
rest for two or threo hours, and then work till
5 o'clock, but they have much freedom in
choosing their hours and are hurried only on
mull duvs
There are many excellent bands In Manila,
and oimn-nir concerts nr given ovory evening
In fair weather. Theatrical companies, both
native and foreign, play through tho season
The Mestlea chorus girl is alluring In tho
onkhcdrnl and tho ohurches the muslo Is
always good, though it is startling to tho new
comer to hear, as ho will In Komo sorvicos, a
Gloria from "Trovatoro," thn Credo with muslo
from "Barblere," and tho Elevation from
"Travlata"
VV8IXESS was nusixxss.
ITow a Paymaster In Our Navy Took a Fnll
Out of tho Bank of l'nglnud.
From tht 'lodtltihia Txmtt
The late Paymaster Clark of tho Cnitod
Stntes Navy, of Delaware, was attached to ono
of the ships on tho European station durlnc
tho period of tho civil war, Itmai havo been
tho Kearsarco, but It Is not important. Sho
was an nrmod vo9sel und had been long at son
and camo In for coal, provisions ami to give tho
men a liberty day on shore To moet theso
and othor exponses it was necessary to have
somo 8,000 (mon aro paid In tho cur
rency of tho country they may bo In when
on foreign stations) and I'u muster Clark
drew sight drafts on tho Hub-Treasury of
New York through tho Government Hgonts,
J. S. Morgan k Co , I ankers, in old Brond
Btroet, I,ondon. Accompanied by tha Vieo
Consul he went to tho l'l mouth branch nt tho
Bank of England, and presenting his drafts,
asked to havn them changed for notes nnii gold.
Tho bank manager, not content with exorcis
ing proper commercial scrutiny, was very
nasty, and finally suld .
" Viell, I do not know tho Sub-Treasury. X
do not know the paper nor vou, nud I havo
never had business with thn gentleniun who
is United States Icn-Consul here, so I won't
cash your drults You say J 8 Morgan will
Indorse thorn ion had better go up to Imdon
and lot him cash them "
Mr Clark went out to tho telegraph office,
put himself In communication with Mr Mor-
f:an. and Mr. Morgan went to the Bunk of Etig
and in London, thu managor stmt word to tho
Plymouth branch manner nml that gentle
man camo personullv to thn Itovnl Hotel and.
with Ills hat In hand, btggcd to bo of Horvlcn to
Paymaster Clark In nny way that geutlemin
would suggest The apparently plaintotl l',i)
master, accompanied by his clerk, nceomptolcd
the bank ofilcor to tho bank Thn drafts were
duly passnd over and a largo buiidln of Bank ot
Englund notes placed before tho Pu muster
" v h.it are tht so?" said lark
"Those nro Bunk of Englund notes"
" jes I sen the) are notes signed by Ireil
crick May that the hunk will pay Ijiarer, An
Well, I do not know Mr Mui.nnd.of uiuri I do
not know vou This pitmr inav bn pood but I
liiuuin assurance of that I'll trouble ou for
the gold " ...
Thn humiliated b ink manager hud to hunt It
up, and Paymaster ("lark uirried it down to thn
bont in triumph "I would li in iirefcireilptrt
of thn inoiinv In notes." hu haul, " but I luuluu t
rofuso Uih ihaiicu of gitting uveu "
The l'lag That Wai Unlard Over Mnrro,
JYom He M Louii (Hub' lUmorral
Wabhimiton.JiiIv 17 -When Old Glory was
flung to thn lirnnyo nt noon to-day from tho
highest wall of Morro Castle, there was ono in
cident which nroiii'd enthusiasm of which the
Spaniards were Ignorant The flue which w ts
seleetcil for this purpose was currltd b a Mich
igan regiment through the lain -iv li war. and
was sent tohttretar) Alger In a number of Ins
oldenmrvdos, who requested lliut It should bit
thn llrst live raised when fcaiillngosiirri microti
to tho vjnorlcnn rm Thn ll.uf I one of un
tisunllj largo proportions, and t-.tn lie seen far
out at se.i hen thn flag vv nt up In Mm Pres
ent of the isseinbled armies unit bownl down
with ilefi-.tt the other flushed with titturj. a
cheer aroKtt from tho victors that nil but dis
turbed the eternul slenp of the calhnt dead
who slumber in the trencnes where they so
bravely fought
cocoAfluc mik-htoa, 9
the sew nELicAvr witjT, iriutzr'oirjd jH
uisn ron a uttuiTE'a xecb. Ml
New PoMeialons Abound In Cocoanuta and UfH
In 1'lnrnpplpii Whloh Before) the Wm iImH
trrn ltrmunerntlvn Products Delight SHI
of thn Alllk Trickle In Ita Native TVlldj H
From the I'MtadttpKn Itrtord. j ft 9
Washington, July 10 Noxt to bananas, tha j MjS
most Important product ot eastern Cuba la. (i ?!
cocoanuts Tho trees grow rapidly, without WM
cultivation, nnd every man's field Is fringed (jjB
with thom Fruiters buy tho nuts at the rata 1 Rjfl
of $8 tho thousand: and they nro hulled on tha U
island, ground in primitive mills, und pressed En
far oil Or, correetl) speuklng, we ahouht pu W9
tt tn tho last tense, and say this w as donettb to Rfl
a fow weeks ago, Now ovory Industry, how Eifl
ever simple, is pnralvzod Spanish soldiers,
almost as hungry as tho starving poople, oeou (Bfl
py every vlltago and hnuilotand prey like Iom ul
ousts on tha devastated land. MM
Tho Cuban process ot extracting 'oil from tha 3ffl
coconnut resemble thnt by whloh Texanq
make oil from cotton seed. The "cake" olj ?
solid residue Is tod to tho pigs nbout tha onljs. ft hi
" llvo stock " over successfully rained In eastern i I'm
Cuba and tho shells aro UBod for tool In tha '
sugar factories. So far tho oil has beon locally Sj9
employed only on a lubricator tor sugar-mak- ilm
Ing maahlnory a wlckod wnsto ot valuablo m f 'M
torlal. It saoms to thoso who are familiar with)
tho splendid possibilities ot the produot Herat Y ,ffl
Is an unequallod opening for tho manufaatnra? iH
of palm oil soap, eocoa-fibro mats, hats, && 1 ill
to say nothing ot tho hundred other uses) 1 19
to whloh parts of tho troo, its fruit, and jjfl
fibres, may be put. Tho saying goe )- H
that a cocoa tree bears a nut for overyv j jfl
day In the year. In timo ot peaoe ono t !
might buy n dozen nuts for a twenty- Ht8
cont coin nnywhoro la the rural diitrioU ofl ufl
Cuba: and ho who has novor tasted the "mllk' hU
from one freshly gathered can havo no Idea ('9
wh at Is meant by " a draught fit for the coda.'' M
In their proper state, how ovor, the nuts ar not jl
brown nnd hard, as vou bco them tn Northern, nm
marketHt they look llko uiormous pale green ilVm
apples. HllHhtly elongated for each still wears ,
Its llobln Hood jacket, which is removed before. itifl
shipment Being still "alive." as they say orT 119
tho Island. Its shell is soft and easily Cut tvltu chffl
tho mncheto or long-bl.idetl knife whloh, QYerr Mi V
countrymnn carrion: or your own pocket kfllfai MM
may answor tho purpose Mako a hole In onS, !"
end of tlio nut nbout thn elzeot a half dollaJS'j U)im
and out gushes the " milk" like a living sprlnsj); 8i
not by any means such sour stuff aa you havo 1 wM
(-(en or no out ot cocoanuts at home, white ait'1 Sr 9
chalk and thick us buttermilk. t Mm
Givo ono ot those Imported things toaxnonsv wjfl
key. Pining in captivity forlts natho food, and,' HlB
ho w ill refuso it with scorn and indignation. Ji,H
Tho trouble 1b that tho cocoanuts of Com V WM
morce are gathered before thoy are ripe ana, mm
entirely spoiled in transit. The fluid snutuo1 (iim
within it should havo no suggestion Ot milk.' Waal
but be colorless as water, with a slight sparklqi !fmJ
like that from Homo clear mountain spring, en ' ml
oept for a slightly sweet and most delioiou 1
flavor: and If freshly plckod in tho early znomv !
Ing. after the nut has been swinging all night' fi (
in tho cool DreezoB. the liquid is almost 109 oolov! &m
Where toeoanuts grow you never see Inside of1, TiifB
their shells any of that hard, white layer whloh Wm
Northerners grate and "desiccate" (oneli ri'dM
rulKht us well Bay dosocrato). tor In Ita, '?
best estute tho nut hns no suoh bum mm
stnnce: only a creamy whlto film Inside ot lL. U'M
hardly thlekor than vour thumb nail, whloh lifv. mm
Bcmtmd off with u spoon whon oaten. Before) WM
drinking tho julco tho " tenderfoot" genorallr mm
pours It out Into another vessel than thaa iiJM
whloh nature Intended: but tho sophisticated frisi
epiduru tilts the cocoauut at just tho right an ihiai
Kioto let thn "milk" tricklo gontly down hla turn
throat, and, like tho old topor wo nave heard! tJ-M
of. he wishes his throat were n mile long. iSm
There is nothing In tho wido world mors nouri an
ishing or fattening, more health-restoring and 99
mull-preserving. Emaciated invalids aro . nM
recommended to begin on tho juloo of halt tai am
dozen nuts a day. tho doso to bo lnoreased no i fi.'m
cording to the patient's inclination. And tha tin
invaiiu is yet ro ce niscovernu wno noes not do- ;
vnlopnUsto for it so rapidly that in a week's) Wm
timo half n dozen nuts at a single Bitting;
will hardly satisfy him. Each full-crown, m
nut contains nearly aplntof this true "foun- K'M
tain ot youth." tho samo. perhaps, which tho KM
old ConqulstadorcB Bought vainly far and wide, rl
nvpeetlug to find it gushing nut ot the earth in $!
tome sequestered spot. Instead of hanging. iKjH
green and beautiful, everywhere overhead. Tho ('-91
big nuts grow in bunches, flv n or six on a stem. 191
awav up near tho top of thn tall troo. last under? vm
its crown of plumn-liko loaves A native, younfl. im
orold.thlnksnothingof shinning up a smooth. $9
branchless trunk, which looks like a telegraph!
poln, towerliHr straight and slender from 60 to D9
100 foet, whacking off thn nuts with hlsnia.' 19
chute (carried up lnhis teeth), and tossing then' IM
down with tire easoand agility of his anoeitors. 9
tho monkeys No coconnut ever fallslfrom tho Km
Carent stem until It ia too old and withered 14 (19
ngood for anything. Tho poorest denizen ot jM
the tropics would disdain to eat Mich windfalls' 9
and so they are shipped to tho North, to bo HI
eaten, by those who know no bettor! gm
Nowhere on thn globo do pineapples thrive as .' v.m
in eastern C'ubi, whero tho conditions bfsoll ' B9
and climate brine "tho golden apples of IIes j Km
parities " to absolute perfection, yet tho pine J M
apple industry hns never had much attention! , KB
in this miction Hern is another chance for tha J X M
enterprising Yankee. A tract of unocoupied I 9
land, extending ns far as ono can ene, may bo j ym
bought for a few dollars and turned into a trull j Um
fnrm, tho virgin soil of unparalleled richness)!
being riipahlo of produulng overy tropical i $
growth shipping facilities arn already en- I em
tablished ut Biracou and several smalH 9
ports, and If the laud touches the YumlrM Lm
or somo other river so much tho better.-t 1
for its owner Until ono lias soen thdi
coltlnn glory of a pineappln plantation he oaaj I
think of no more utJrnotim sight than a sugar-3
cine field, glistening pule yellow under the top t
rid sun und billowing in the guntJo breeze liktf ' ,
a wind-swept sen But oven more fascinating! I
Is afield of pines, oaeh great "anplo" guarded1
bv a circle of glittering sharp-edged bayonets, i
In Florida the Pineappln leaf is so sharply ser i
rtted that tint thought of gottlngaroundamons j
them suggests a fluid of torture. Evolution t
Booms to have progres-ed furthur in Cuba, fof I I
on thn older and more taref ull cultivated plan I j
tatlons the saw-tenth that edgo the lontv 1 .
pointed leaves huvo mainly disappeared. !
Before thn war It was thn sight ot a lifetime to
o out to Mariunno. a suburb of Havana, and
icrn drive through an cstuto which had 8Q.O0O i j
ulnenpiiln plants in full bearing Ovor In Nas- f
i an thoy call thu nine plintntlons "groves" an4
in.hanls." as if they vvero trees. Whethev i
TovwMir fields the plant is nliout the same.'
producing oun of thn most luscious and popular ,
fruits known to mnn. for which there is conte
stant nnd ample demand I.lkn most tblnga J
worth having in this troubled iifo. the golden.,
"pines" aro aot e:ts to net at A ?trT r
short stroll among tho stinging Jeavos wlQ-j
lendjou to RvuipMlilzn with tho New Yorker .
who. niter h visit to Marl.mao. mid: lou oo J
not mind tho flrst 2 000 or Il.OOO sticks and
prods from tho needle points of the bayonet)!
haves us yoti cross a Held, but after a whlla
vour tortured cutis can endure no mora and.
jour remarks about thn pinr.ipplo crop arat
likely to bo prejudiced by present soreness,
How mueli niter it would bn If tho 'applos'j
really did crew In 'on birds," and you rouldl
seiulat olornd to up Mm trees to shako dowrit
a few. and then you could sit down In the shado'l
undent them'" , , ,
A plant produces only oun pinn nt a time. Tho J
fruit thrusts itself upward in tho middle of a '
mass of lone, narrow aim sharp-arched leaves.
snrcaillnc forth from u central stalk, precisely j
llko those of tho .qarc Aut icnna, or een
tur" plant wlrfl which nverlody is familiar.
Thu stem Is pcrhups eighteen inches to two '
feet high . , . "
Thn mnio plant produces n second apple, ana
a third, and so on throiiRh snvwrnl bearings,
after which n new plant must bo started from,
the " slip " Nothlna Is nasler of cultivation or
requires less miiltul and piovious nvperienoo,
una fow crops bring in greater returns.
. .
'
A Hot Time Vniterfoot In l'ijl.
from ttii At Jam'i'i ilaztite
Tim curious fire ceremony of Fiji was de
scribed at Mm last mooting of tho Citato InstU
tutnbyDr Hockon of Duiioilln, who, with Dr.
Colquhoun, had just returned from a visit to
Fiji Tlmcnremon) Is now st Idom performed,
nnd fho power of flro walking, so far as FIJI I
concerned, appi ars to bo confined to a family
p aidant on MLoiiuj. an islot liinc about
tweutj miles south of Suva Thoso people
walk with bare feet unharmed across tho
white, hot stones which form tho pave
liient of a ro iking ovnn On thu occasion
when tho Duiiedlii doeters worn present an
uttiinit was mad" to rccNt' r thn lient bwS ;
when thn tlinrmoineti r hid been pwoed fot3 I
fw sucnnds about foui oi llvo feot aliovotho
Moieith.iil to be wlthilinwn.ns thn soidor oj
tlin tin t'-iwtiiie in gun t m-lt Tho ther
momi ten lien registered JH degrees 1 ahren- f
heit, and l)r lltwken's ei-llm.uoof tliogxtrema g
ti iiiperaturr vtns ovtr 400 degrees -Clio Are. ,j
walkers, soviTi or tight In iiumbr, then ap- ;
promhtd, anil In singly ill walked leisurely J
across nnii around thn oven '1 hn leader was j
on the stones fin noarlj hlf a minute Then I
heaps nf hibiscus leaves were thrown Into tho I
oven, causing, otitis of steam t arise. The na S
tiles who were almost uu le at ir Mood on tha n
leans In thn mldet of thnneaui 'Ihomenwern K
carefully 'xninlnitl bv the iIih tors both before U
and after Mm iMTnmoiiv 1 In fire had not af Rj
footed thn Mmpl itrtlt.lt s of Iress thoy wore, r!
ami the im n hr.tvtl nvinp n of distress, , f,
nnd Uif ir pulw worn urulT it d rhnsolniol 9
their feet whudi wen t t un usually thick or kt
hard w re n in the uu llmtnred Thero ' Cj
w rn n" signs ' uiiv sru ,al preparation havV f
Ing bimi m.t h T li o'll d x-t rs while denying
thnnxlHtenijjof aiivtlilnc miroeu ous about tha !
performance, expressed themselves unable Mh5 m
lerraany wlenUtlo explanation of the mutter, j m
j. 9