The sun. [volume], July 24, 1898, 2, Page 6, Image 18

About The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916

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H 1 A BLOCKADE RUNKER ONCE.
IBU Mm mxctmn nj.TnnttOATT.nn nr a oat
k THr tFonxiA nAsmiUAtf.
EH Mil FrodU Made Dnrlng Hie Civil War by Car-
IIHp iH rjrlng Supplies t the Cnnf(lmln and
MHi fam. Taking Awny Cotton-Trick Plnyed an
iSt an Admiral -An Unlucky Recognition.
Kir HI Sitta Mamuiu, Cl July 10. The Cuban
5 flip Hi blockade has had a good deal of Interest for a
HT& wealthy sheopraiiihinan in the OJal Vnlloy, In
ti at fi this part of California. He Is Frank A. Glllntt.
' fa Pi Iiurlng the civil war lie m one of the iuo
Tl r if eessful blockade runners, and earned a fortnne
il vf fft In tho business. llwas&boiit no ytarsoldat
i'W I tho tlmo and, having been n Bailor for ton
lilf ' Tearsboforothn war, ho gntnplaoeosmotoon
I, .f J crnf t which ran tho blockado of Mobile Bar
I I t ' three times Then ho cot command of n ves-
11 ' I' , set built purposely In Kngland for running tho
ti'JS iff blockade, no na a blockado runnor In 1H03
j ' and lhU't.
; E "There never was bo groat a naval blockade
ill S as that of t lie Southern ports by the Idernls
I ffi during the civil war." said Capt. Glllott tho
lift A othordaf. "Whop the war broko out In April.
& ? 1801. Uncle Pain's few eliips wore scattered all
I w J ovorthe world. Durintrtho first two roar of
'i & at. tho wqr tho naval resources of tho North wore
iff . ( taxod to tho utmost to maintain a blockade
4g j Jf along nbout H.OOQ miles of senconst. Bueli a
il' ot naal patrol has nover been duplicated. Undo
B , Jjji Bam had to use, craftof all kinds and conditions
to do tho work. Tho two largest equndrons
( 4i wero thnso nbout tho mouth of Chea-
poako liar and In the Gull of .Mexico. At
i j , ono time fhero wero nbout 100 bontB engaged
JR ' exclusively In running tho Union blockades
( ; W " on tho Atlantloand flnlf coasts. First and last
V f '." thoro wero 2WI boats engaged In blockado nin-
I K ; 4 nlng. I havo seen twnty craft In tho harbor
It '" at Nassau at one tltnn loading up with English
bK j goods for tho Routhern ports. HylrW the I'od-
$1 m '' eral nnvy hid boon so largely Increasod and the
H ' ll cordon hid been so strengthened that blockado
Hj (' ft- , . runnlnc became extra hazardons. Beveral of
I Br V '10 'le8' Doa'fl nai been punk by Fedoral Runs.
I-S T i v '"d " do7n of tho most skilful blockade rnn-
i " ' Bers had ben raptured,
Rl j "The greater part of the blockade runolnic
Li jg i was done by craft from England. Romo of the
t S. ' boats wero manned by Knitllsh ornws but
i ''ft f ofTlcered byRouthoniers AsthowarproKressed
r ' i laatstenmers wero built In Kncland purposely
' v 'or run,nc t'' bloekndo The Southerners
!, 8 . W had prcyi-ed ths best men (or golnit throimh tho
R r Federal blockade, and they wore omptoyod by
f" i ft tho Encllsh ship owners ns far as possible.
( If Thcso Enelieh steamers were tho fastost in
' ' K J' their day. Thcv were painted nn ashen eolor
' 'V r and nothlnsr In tho way rif spars or deck houses
; m f' vessel Inconspicuous To this end tho sailors
. rjL I. dressed In dull-colo-ed sarb, and whito or
; L blackpultswerenever worn When tho blockadn
is jli runner ncared tho Confeilerntn coast no ouo
' W K was nllowed to smoko on dock, and a thousand
'B C and ono tricks were employed to make steam
j, ft f aud nttho same time not i'iid spirks from tho
; i to sraokpstack. Tho funnels could bo lowered
t J closo to the deck, and tho lioatsworo huncfrom
; 9 the dnilts squaro with tho cunwalcs. The
' ft hteam, in caso of a sodden stop, could bo blown
f Jr oiT underwater. I ne or allowed nny fowls on
i C ff board my boats beeauo their crowlnc mleht
JS. nttrnct attention. Tho steamer rtlehmond
I f Hi from Jamaica was captured In tho fall
I J M of 1WJ3 nnd about 9400,000 worth of
' ( ff, Koods conneatod beeauhO ons of hor
! i St men foolishly used pine wood in the fuel.
Of cour-,0 tho bloekadu-runiilng craft had to
IK chance their namw often, and mnnystrance
W names for tho craft wero adopted. There were
B no end of Ynnkeo .linis.Ynnkeo Hens and llrave
IE Yankees anionc rimllsh lwjats. Amoni; tho
W blocknde runners was a line of thren boats be-
& lonclnRto a Iflndon Arm. Thco boats wero
W christened Letter II. I,ettir Oo, nnd Letter Itln.
ft. Tho finest essel In the business only mide one
Ji voynsoi sho was clirlstened Col. Lamb, and
Ef was built to carry 15,M0 bales of cotton. Tho
ii war ended soon after sho was built andput an
K Snd to her careor as a bloekatlo runner.
,' "Tho craft enlaced in runnlnc tho Foderal
' blou-kade ;invisated botweon tho liahamaand
Ilormucla Islands. Cuba ami Jamaica and tho
J Boutlinru ports. Nassau was tho port from
P which the lamest iiumbor of blockade runners
, Ballnd fortbo Confedornto Rtates. Tho Ensllsh
ffi? mado that their In adqmrtors for brenklnc
u R" tbrouRh tho blockade. Xnssau Is about threo
w f dnys' run from Charleston or Wilmington,
ffi lit Until 18)1 It was a lary, tumblo-down seaport
a & on i tiny island belonRlnc; to Orcat llrltain.
jBcjS ffil I'ow Americans had oor henidof it. When tho
Hff- K, Encllshhad to have Routhern cotton for their
Klf mills nnd tho Confederates had tohao L'nRllsh
Me mi mnrchandlso.Nas'sausiiddenlybeeaniotlieprln-
M m cipal depot for contraband coods. No mining
inl Si" campoiorRrewmuchfasterthanNassaudldln
M It 1801. In six months tho seaport lllaco crow
jR W t n Population of H.O00. The harbor was alive
af. kc with craft. Adventurers, men of piratical
l tastes, and schemers who would tako risks for
jHE'Kr creat italn. flocked to Nassau from Europo,
IB' R. especially from Enaland ami Franco. The Her
HS. It- inuda Islands, a little further awny from the
I' Confederate coast, had nn almost slmilai leap
' laK' mi lntn iniportanco. Thu slmplo pf lirow on tho
RW m& jlahnmnsand llormudas looked on tho sudden
Mr Wt prospi'dty that came to their Nlnnds with as-
vBti it touisliment. 1 havo never seen money so tree
W I, In nny Western mlnlnc camp een In Its
HI palmiest days as I saw itln Nassau in the first
Hk'h' tnoicamof tho war
Ht 9t' "Tlio principal objectho points of tho Moek-
9H B., Ede runners wero Charleston and OeorKOtown,
EK' W H. C ; Wilmington nnd Hmithilllp. N. V. : Havan-
Hil, nah, Ga. nnd (iaUeston, Tex. Occasional runs
MB m wertv mado Into Sfoblle. Ala. Fcrnandina. 11a.,
rngt Hs 9,ni5 Heaufort, N. C... but as tho blockade by tho
. MS W Jedenil warships was tightened, and as tho
Hk' ft) fonlco became mote and more ha7ardous. the
m bloekndo runners gradually confined their
tff t! operations to i uns to Charleston and Wllminc-
ton-ntl(1 during the last at tho war Wilmington
Mb H done was accessible. Charleston was entored
m I ".y 'IT Wrop on tho very day of Its evacuation,
B. t the bloekndo runner being captured : but for all
K I that blockade runiierH had pruoticallyglvon up
R I Charleston ns nn objeetlin point ever siuoo the
(J I beginning of tho year 1H05
lfj " Tho enormous rrolltii of successful bloek-
fft 1 ode running incited men to takf. tho risks. Tho
t . 1 eicltemontWKslIko nothing else I havo over
f, I known on thu sen. Wo used to tako chances
I 5 i Br that I shudder now to relate. Ashotihrcd from
( '. the blockade runner In solf-defence was, no-
', cording to the maritime laws, cause for trcat-
t f lng tho blockado runner as a pirate. Sevoral
S men wero hanged In the Oulf In 1WI1 because
P H they bad acted llko.plratos while trying to run
f tho blockado to Galveston and Mobllo. For a
B , run front Nassau to Wilmington or Charleston
. I and back, htotnl distance ofabont 1,100 miles,
, II, aCaptaln usually got 1.000, or tri.OOO: the
i t pilot 7tK), and the crew and Uremon about
: p L 50. Thuro was always abundant mn-
'.ii- terlal from which to select a crew, anil the ng
' LlsJ men-of-war in the Bahamas and Bermudas
' K. ' had difficulty!;! rcatrainlng their sailors from
i deaortingand joining in blockado runnlnc. Ho
, K r much money wa-s mude,ln the contrnbanifbusl
1 f i ness that some blockade-running vossols paid
E for themselves In one round trip. That Is, a
p big profit vim made on the calicoes, woollons,
V hnrdware, leather, and general merchandlso
; F carried into the Confederacy, but a still greater
E profit was made on the ootton and sugar mo-
B ;v lasses that was taken out. Calicoes that cost
i K ttliput 10 cents a yard then in England brought
S J, Ulty and more cants In Wilmington or Charles-
X ' on. Cotton was bought In the Bouth for 25
Sn pound In gold and sold like hot cakes at
$1.00 u to'Wd..Xonc carried a eargo of oottpn
I fci. $37,000 at Wilmington and sold for
I faOO.OOO In Nassau. Here Is a copy of a bill of
r purchases at Charleston by a company engaged
j In running Undo Barn's blockades in 1803. Jt
c shows the pricss of ruerclmodlsew carried In
S, those dayB;
IIP ? Oct. 15 For lbox(K)eonUlnlnc400lo.
V A CoMm's ool cnttrtii t !'-' or iloi .. 5,OO0 00
1(. Tor 17 rollt ol laatlier, U. , W'c, 3.204
f $ lbs. at(Miwrlb . ...... JB.err 00
B j For r. roli tola lthcr, II fff) C. Wg,
a t M6Xlbs ttflH irSb B,o:s BT
2 '$ For 4 ewes fnolieap rPr ll W) C, r,0
! it rf m, eel - 500 riiuii t 7a , 14.400 00
I S. I 'or s ctL" yellow nvelope (II f No. 4a,
5 9 f 100 MmitsIovm t 140 ... 4,000 00
f Ti : fill .1 eo' steel pens II (V) C. No. 40(1.
,' 9 i 407,C(iOKrnMfsch 1,500 KrOM, t 8 BO 13.7W) 00
t, rordrnit, inrMe, 18 iisndlfi, t $36.. (ISO 00
I J Vor40ilot. tpnAm (W) t 18Upr do... 7.V00 00
' f Total .178 940 9T
6 I i ' " iK-caslqnnlly there was some humor in run-
f nlng the blockade. In 1803. when the Confed-
i 4 HM''? Wfre lrd up for salt, Capt. McMillan of
5 i : Charleston purchased at Nnssan a large cen-
r t $ trtmoard schooner ami loaded her with salt,
t I h clearing hnr from, Nassau to Baltimore He
I 1 L i.upt two log- false log and a tnie loci his
- i falsi) log slioTved that ho was between Cape
u, i ,V Jlatwras and Capo Henry, when he was really
X t r, o:t Cnarleston II drorred both his anchor
ovai board, damaged his sails, and appeared
H i i very much, surprised hsn ho sighted
k tho Federal fleet oft Charleston. Ho ap-
K ", pealed to the Fodeml Admiral for assist-
R unco. The Admiral, bclntn klncl-heartodman,
H ! , impplled nlm with anchors and sent a sail-
k ci maker ,M. crew aboard to repair his bsIIs.
', Oapt. McMillan spont two days with tho Fed-
S i eral fleet.. When he went aboard tho flagship
j be bade the Admiral good-brand thanked him
I for hU kindness. TliS Admiral offered him a
I
t
j , ij.
' .
tonboatto tow him to the windward. This was
what the Captniu didn't want, bnt he couldn't
refuse It. no ho was towed n short distance..
When ho got rid of the tug. he hoisted his centre
boa nl and begati drifting back into the fleet.
As soon as he drifted as far as ko thoaght safe,
lie dropixd Ms centreboard and ran tho block
ade Ai'er loading up with cotton he At
tempted to run the blockade out, but was
captured. The Admiral sntd:
,r I hm got you new, m y boy. You played mo
a sharp trick, but I will treat you well. I will
send you to how York ' Ada he did. ,,
"1 bhliove I om correct in saying that the
blockade at Wilmington. N. 0., was run In the
daytime only three times during the touryeara
of warfare. The Olbrnltar got through one
morning in the summer of lwl'2. Tho fact la
memorable, beoauso she had aboard munitions.
Tho veesel had a narrow cseapo. Her sraoke-
Iitack was shot away, her pilot was killed, and
f sho had been on the water ten minutes
ongor sho would have sunk, with several
ioIos In hor hull. Hhe fooled tho Federal
fleet for a snort while by . hoisting tho
United Htates Dug, Tho Federals thought she
was a now transport from tho Chesapeake.
Tho A III o' tho WIsn. Cnpt Cspor ownor and
commander, succeeded on another occasion in
running thn bloekndo In thedaytlrao Tho Cap
tain was a Heotehnian. and ono day some of the
blockade runners on the Board of Trado wore
guying him on tho Insignificant appearance of
his vossol, which was small, but one of the best
I or speed In tho port Hho could make olghteen
inots They offered to hot him 11)0.000
against 50.000 that ho could not run thu
blookad In thn daytime. Ho took them up.
It was customary for blockade runners to load
and run down and anchor off Smithvillo, at tho
mouth of Gape) Fear lllvnr. under protection of
our forts, anil then make tho lilockadA at
night Tho l'cderal fleet saw the Will o' tho
Wisp coming down the river and sup
posed, of courso, that sho would anchor, but In
stead she shapod her courvo right through tuo
flyot They had nothing that could catch her,
Tlioy fired two shots at Iter, one passing through
her cabin above tho water line atidtno other
carrying away her flagstaff Capt. Caper won
his 100.00(
"Oh, yes, I'vo had somo lively times In block
ado running myself. I was oneo In command
of tho Jonathan n neat little sohooner former
ly tho Belle. I ran hor through the cordon at
Charleston on a very dark, rainy nig lit, April,
1802. Tho stringent blockading was just bo-
! Inning. Wo wont oor to Jamaica nud un
OJdeil Then tno sailed with a general oargo.
t was a warm, lazy day In erring. Wo were
somewhere off Fcrnandina. As wo wero lying
thorn with hardly a breath of wind blowing.blacx
twioko showed up on tho horlron. and it -was
not very long before I saw the familiar spars of
tho United Stntes revonuo steamer Harriet
Lane romo out In bold relief. I Bnld notlUng.
but it looked as If tho game with mo was up.
Down tho I.ins earao. and out flew from hor
eaff tho British colors. I smiled to myself as I
Fieard somo of the crew declare sho was a Brit
ish gunboat. My supercargo wa-j a Spaniard,
Francisco Silas by name. and. as the Harriot
l,nno run up to w (thin easy speaking distance.
I hoisted hpanlsli colors and told Francisco to
reply In Spanish as I dlrcetod him As for ray
telf. I f treteht d mysolf out as unconcernedly ns
I could, leaving IrauclHooto stalk about and
plu fuptnln.
' What schooner Ib that?' was called out
from tho Lano In Bpanlsh Fortunately we had
no namo planted on the stem, so that Frftn,
elsco supplied a tlotitlous ono In Spanish To
tho question where we wero from and whero
we were bound, Francisco replied, at my
prompting, that wo wore from Hnnnn. bound
to Rt John, N B. As the Lano was coming up
my suporcargo remarked to me that ho was
sure the strangor was British. 'Dont fool
yonrself, rrancisco,' I sld 'Look up at hor
gn(T end. Do you see that snug little roll thoro
all ready for breaking out? Just wals a few
minutes And, sure enough, the roll broke
nnd out fluttered tho Btnrs nnd Stripes. As
thoy fluttered In the air the BrftLsh colors
6lowiy descended. 'There, rrancisco.' I said
In an undertone 'is your British gunboat.
Now. don't make a botclrof yonr replies '
"The Captain asked sovcral auoBtjons, and
wo thought ho was satisfied with Our Spanish
character Ho rang to go nhead, when I
obsened an officer go and speak to him In a
moment ho and the officer loellcd their
glasses nt us. I know something was
up. but what could we do with a schooner
against a steamer In that calm ? Presently a
boat was lot down from tho davits and tho
etenmerftorpod Tho cannon were trained on
us, and wo know the Jig was up. When tho
boat reachod our side ayoung Lieutenant whom
I had known In my anto-bcllum sailor days
camo climbing up the sides of tho schooner,
followed by several sillors.
'Well. Cant. Olllott.' he said as he camo
toward, me, ' I'm clad to soe you '
"I recognized lilm and replied: 'I'm not bo
glad to sen you '
" He told mo that he had reoocnlzed mo
through his glass, and that he had informed
the Captain of his recognition. While myself
and crow wero takon as prisoners on board tho
Harriet Lane, the schooner was takon pos
session of by theLioutenont."
wor.rns o.v tuf. stock jianges.
Cnttle nnlsers Again Tlltterly Complaining
of Their Costly Rnvngrs.
From thr St. Paul Globe.
DEAnwoon. B. D., July 18 Unless somo
method Is discovered very soon to oxtormlnato
tho wolves on tho Blaok Hills ranges, stoek
mon will be compelled to either go out of the
business or mo their hords to a country
whero wolves do not exist. Tho samo condi
tion exNts in tho western part of North Da
kota, eastern Wonring and Montana, In parts
of Colorado and in Now Mexico and Texas.
Stockmen estimate that each wolf during tho
year will do $100 damage to a herd of eattlo,
and this loss is tho greatest that befalls tho
stockmon. Ono onttle ownor In Butto county
reports Iravlng lost forty head of stoors lost soa
eon by wolves. Old oattlemen are of th'o opin
ion that there is but ono way to oxtormlnato
them, and that Is by concerted notion of tho
Btatcs and counties In making wolf hunting a
profltablo business. By placing a bounty of $10
upon every wolf and paying tho amount In cash
ana not in long-tlmo warrants, and by having
every county In all of the States join in the
business. It is thought thore would be Quick,
work made of tho animals.
The samo bounty should bo placed on old
nml young, male and female allko. When a
discrimination Is made In the age. wolf hunters
are apt to rear tho young pups, by hand until
thoy bto old. enough to reoeivo full bounty.
More earo should be taken Ait tho offlaors
whose duty it Is to check up the scalps and
see that no fraud Is perpetrated. Often coyoto
bealps are palmed off for wolf. There aro
poveral methods used by professional wolf
hunters to capture tho animals. Tho nso
(if hounds Is becoming common, but it
e expensive, and dogs can only be used
In an open country, A good pack of fifteen
hounds Would eat a beef every tuowoeks for
food. Using poison Is another common meth
od, and In a new country It is considered tho
cheapest and most effective but tho wolves
S9P t,omo suspicious and avoid the dootored
bait, Thoro arc thoe who believe that wolves
have an antidote, somo kind of a weed whloh
they ent when thoy are poisoned. When using
poison thoro Is groat risk that dogs, cattle,
horses and other domestlo animals may eat of
the polsonod bait with serious results. Dig
ging out tho young is praotloed by many hunt
ers. When a don can be located It meanB a
food sum for tho hunter In bounty money,
rapping Is used as commonly as any mothod.
and is probably a successful as any.
An old liuntormnkes the statement that when
tho bounty la made large onough professional
wolf hunters will find a way of exterminating
the animals. Coyotes do not do much damago
exeoptto sheep and barn fowls. The ububI
bounty for them is from 50 cents to $1. Ab a
rule stockmen would prefer not to have the
coyotes entirely killed off. It has been tho his
tory of other countries tlmtas soon as thoy are
exterminated Jack rabbits, gophers and prairie
dogs increase at an astonishing rate and be
come creator nuisances and do more real dam
age thun the coyotes. Cattlemen are becoming
serious in the matter of exterminating tho
wolies, and mcotlngs are being called all ovor
the country to consider the question.
Pets of n Learned Man.
From Ai Youth' i Ccmpmdn.
Blr Henry Ilawllnson, the groat authority on
Persian Inscriptions, wrote his "Memoir" In a
Bummer house overhanging the Tigris, whero
the outside boat of 120 was reduced to 00
by tho action of a water wheol whloh poured a
continuous stream of water ovor tho rool
For recreation while writing his book, Ilaw
llnson Indulged in petting wild animals, no
hud a tamo leopard named Fahad which he
brought to England and presented to tho Zoo
logical Oardans at Clifton, near Bristol, When
ever Ilawllnson was In England he would visit
Fahad. As Boon as the beast heard his ory,
"Iahadl rahadl" It would rlso from the floor
of iut cage, arproaeh thn bars, and thenrolling
on tho floor, extend Its head u bo scratched.
Once the keoper, who did not know blr Henry,
0Ii.t.?0,'nB him. patting the leopard, oxelajmed:
'Take your hand out of the cage I Tho ani
mal's very sa age and will bite vou I"
V WK thinl B0 K.S d 8lr H,"T " I dont
think ho'll bite me. A ill you. Fahad r and the
beast answered br s purr, and would hardly let
(tin hand be withdrawn.
lie also had at Bagdad a pot Hon, which had
been found when a kitten on tho bank of the
TJgrlB-lta mother haling been shqt-and
brought to Blr Henry IJ alone fed It, and
the lion when grown would follow hliu about
IIKeadog. One hot day the Hon mopd uuil
rejected its food. lt paced about the master's
room, and ho, being very busy, called two ser
vants to take tho lion away.
Tho lion would not go with them, but drew
Rearer iu inaster. and, at last sat down under
is chair with Ita .head between his knees.
"Oh," said he, "If he won't go let him bide "
The pen anw went out. and Blr Heniywrote
pn. The lion sank from a sitting position Into
that of a "Hon eouohant " AlTwasoulet for
several hours save the scrstohlng ot a pen.
When his work was over the mastor put down
hla hand to put the pet. Theilion was dead.
THE BEACHED APOTHECARY
FIKlSn OF A UAIT WIIO LOST HIS
JlATIlfO IK TltE NAVY.
XThr Men tTno Are "BroVo" In the Army
or "Dnsted" In the Nnvy Are Apt to
Desert-Tragedies That Itve Followed
Redaction In Bank "Way at Smooth
Chap from the East TTho KnMtted.
WiBHtwoToir, July 23. Corporal Mulvaney's
manner ot freauontly dwelling upon the time
When he was last " rejooosd " probably recelvos
toll understanding from only such of KIplloc'n
readers as havo been In a military service. A
reduced non-coin, nevor porcetios any humor
In his redaction. It Is usually a rather sod and
blrtor business for him. Men rod need from tho
. rank ot non-commlsaloned offloers In tho
American Army, or from he rnto of petty or
ohlef petty officers in the American Navy, do
not desert their servioo anymore frequently
than do moo In foreign military and naval ser
vices who undergo tho same humiliation,
but thoy desert in numbers, neverthe
less. In trulh, a good many ot them are
expectod to desert when thoy are reduced
" broke." It Is called in the army, and " busted "
In tho navy. Commanding officers, of courso,
do not reduce enlisted men for the sake of
having tjiom dosort, but when reduced men do
dosert commanding officers are not surprised.
"Busted "petty officers In the navy aro rather
exported by their mates up forward to "jump
ship " at tho first opportunity, and tho soldiers
In the outfit of a " broke " non-com. look upon
the reduced man as a fellow of little, spirit If he
does not forthwith turn himself loose from
military Borvlce.
Reduced men occasionally stay on In both
services when they receive a tip from the right
source that they aro soon to be reinstated In
their former ranks. These aro men who havo
been reluctantly reduced by commanding offl
oers, for the purposo of setting tho right ex
ample to bluejackets and private soldiers, and
after awbllo they aro "mado" again. Tho
"made" soldier or sailor Is tho man who. after
reduction. gets back the billot ho formerly held.
Thoro are not many such nowadays. Both
services have too many good men In
lino watting for berths Involuntarily vacated
by men ot unsteady conduct. The fact Is not
generally known, by the way, that, undor tho
law, any naval officer may bo reduced, by a
general court-martial, "to tho rate of an or
dinary seaman." Tills law wae mado early In
tho progress of tho civil war. when some wild
blades got Into tho navy through tho hawse
plpe to the quarter deck. The law was made
for deterrent purposes, and It still appears In
the Revised Statutes, although It Is not In
cluded among the regulations governing the
conduct of officers and men in the Amorloan
Navy. It has never been abrogated, however.
Not itfany yoars after tho elvil war a Lieutenant
serving on the China station was "busted" to
tho rate of ordinary seaman for tumultuous
mlseonduct.nnd ho had to go forward and work
alongside tho bluejackets, too. The Navy De
partment permitted him to get out of the ser
vice not long after his humiliation. Nowadays,
misbehaving army nnd navy officers are simply
dismissed tho service by general oourt-martlal.
If their misconduct has been sufficiently serious
to warrant this, or suspended for varying pe
riods if their offoneos ore not of a nature to call
for cashiering,
Both In the army and In the navy it takes a
oourt-martlal to "break" or "bust" a non
commissioned or o, potty offloor, unlesB the
offender holds simply an acting appointment.
In which case his chevrons or his rating badgo
may be taken from blra at nny time by order
ot his commanding officer. It should be said
that neither in tho army nor In tho navy do
commanding offlcors like, the job of reducing
non-commlssloned or petty ofllcors. Officers
don't like thus to exhibit tholr disappoint
ment iuonllstod men who have shown them
selves sufficiently clever and worthy to be
promoted from the ranks. A non-oom. or a
petty officer who goes to pieces after being
singled out for promotion costs his officers a
good deal of worrlmone. Tho officers are In
clined to. give the man nil sorts of ohanccs be
fore they finally deoide to smash him to the
ranks. The reduced man who stays on in the
Borvlco is nenrly always an eye sorrow to the
officer or officers who recommended his eleva
tion, because he is a proof ot bad judgment.
There havo bocn many tragic outcomes of re
ductions In the American Army and Navy. Tho
finish of a case of this sort happened less than
a year ago In San Francisco. The apothecary
otone of tho cruisers on the Pnclflo station was
the man chlofly eoneornod. He was a member
ot a good family of New Orleans, and had been
a wild let from his boyhood, no figured. In
spite of his wildness. at tho top of his clnss
upon his graduation from the University ot
Virginia, and ho also captured tho honors ot his
class when he waa graduated In medicine in
Philadelphia. Bum got hold of him, and he
joinod the Texas Rangers as Surgeon. Then be
entered tho regular army as a hospital steward.
Ills record In tho army was not creditable, but
he kept quiet about it after ho entered the
navy as an apothecary. In spite ot his wildness
and reoklcssnoBS on frequent occasions ashore,
ho made an almost unequalled reputation for
himself as a naval apothecary. It was his luok
to get' assigned to ships that glided accidentally
Into Infected ports, and he was utterly fearloss
In handling men brought low with yellow fover,
Aslatio cholora, smallpox, and other highly In
fectious diseases that worked their way over
tho side of the ships on which he was serving.
Ho passed through many bad doses of this sort
without ever being 111 himself, and he gained
the regard of his commanding officers In aplte
of his frequent lapses when ho went on tho
beach. The surgoons. his immediate superior
officers, uven refrained from baling him pun
ished when thoy found, aid several of them
did, that there was nothing left among thn
medical stores In tho w ay of liquors and wines,
such as aro carried on board American mou-of-war
for convalescing men. Dunbar was not
tho namo of this apothecary, but it will do.
Dunbar nibbled at any kind of fluid aboard
ship, and It was this sort ot business that
brought him to his naval finish.
Apothecary Dunbar's ship wason a surveying
expedition off tho west coast of Central Amer
ica, and one day. while the apothecary wae
ashore, tho 6nrgeon, with whom Dunbar nadn't
got along so well as he had with former sur
geons, hod occasion to use somo alcohol, lis
went to tho rnodlool storeroom and took down
one of the gallon alcohol jars. It didn't smell
like alcohol and the surgeon wns surprised. He
tried to light It but It didn't light, It was
water. There were flfteeu other gallon Jars
supposed to befllled with alcohol on the shelves
and the surgeon tried all of thcso. There was
nothing but wator in any of them. Tho Bur
geon went to the cabin and reported those tacts
to the commanding offlcor.
When Dunbar returned on board he was
taken to tho mast, and the commanding offlcor,
a man who Is not notublo for overdoing geuor
oslty to enlisted men, questioned him,
."What became of that alcohol?" he asked
the apothecary.
"I drank It, sir," replied Dunbar.
"All of It?''
"Yes. sir."
" N hat was your ldoa In doing this t"
No Idea, except to drink It, sir."
"Thoft. was it not?"
"Not, meant as theft, precisely; but If you
call It theft, theft It was. sir."
My man." said tho commanding offloer, "we,
aro In foreign waters, and I am not permitted
ip put you on tho beach In a foreign country.
Jut I intend to beach you s soon as wo return
to Bau rrancisco, Meantime, you aro not to
oome abaft the mainmast of this ship while
you are aboard of her."
As the sick bay of this ship won situated awny
pit. next to the wardroom, tho skipper's pro
hibition of tho after part of the ship praetlcnlly
meant tho apotheoary's dlsr.itement. Now, an
apothecary Is a chief petty offloer, a brass
buttoned man who stands only after the eoni
mlssioned officers in the respeot exacted of the
bluejackets. This apothecary was mado to
swab decks, clean splttooiw. sorub gratings,
coal ship alongsldo of the blue jackets, and per
form all mannor of dirty work lie was not
Eiermltted to do any of the medical work called
or by his rate. Ho was a pretty game man a
i had often proved himself to be, but tills was
oharo. doss, and It got him down for fair. Ho
did all of his roustabout work up to the handlo,
buthle head went a bit wrong under tho Btraln.
When the ship loft southern waters and start
ed on the return trip to Ban Franclsoo, the
npotheoarywassummarllyoourt-martlallsdand
sentenced to dishonorable discharge. It can
not bs, reasonably said thatthoman woeabused
by hrs oommandlng offlcor, but for several
years ho had been brave, faithful, and unselfish
In handling tho sick on the vessels to which ho
was attached, and this war of getting htm out
of the service eeemed a rather dlsmalbuelncss
to the men of the orew. Dunbar wont over the
side at Ban Francisco with onlv the clothes hs
had on his back his ohief petty officer's uni
form for he declined to take any of hie gear
otojig. He sntd he wouldn't noed It. Before
starting on his last orulee he nod married
a voir beautiful woman, a teacher In a
private school In Ban rmnoltco,. Dunbar had
had her Initials tattooed In small letters on hie
shoulder for several years before ho married
hor. and it had been the woman's Idea to re
form an unmistakably brilliant and accom
plished roan. The ox-apothecary paid a short
visit to hie wife when he was beached In Ban
Franolsoo. and thon he walked out to Golden
Oato Park and shot himself. Thoro was a frag
ment of. paper found In tils blouso with this
pencilled Hue:
" Thoy may beach mo, but they can't make
mostayontho beach. I have succooded ad
mirably in making a colossal hash of my life.
Damn all hands, fore and aft."
A young, Brooklyn man. the eon of wealthy
fiarente. Bhlpped In tho navy as a landsman a
ew.yoars ago. for the purposo of getting nn
engineer's, yeoman's billet that was promised
him .He shipped with tho approialot his peo
ple, who wanted hlnito tako a fowhsrd knocks.
Ho got, his yeoman's billet threo days after he
shlppod as n bluejacket, and went to sea with a
chief engineer who. although he did not come
In through the hawse-pipe. Is known to most
naval black gangs as a bucko of a somewhat
ferocious tyno. Thlsiohlet engineer, the imme
diate superior of tho yooman. made It warm
for tho young man from the first dayot the
cruise, and finally wound up by having the
young follow disrated by a court-martial for
alleged Incompetency. The young fellow
may have been incompetent, for Iho engineer's
yoomau'a billot, whloh Is a clerical job re
quiring a superior order of ability as an no
countnnt. Is not one that many men In the
navy can fill even acceptably. This yeo
man was reduoed to the rate of a coal possor,
and was fired Into the bunkers with a suit of
dungarees on his back to shovel ooal In a tern-
Scrature of 130 degrees. Ho had never done a
ay s manual labor In tils life. During his Itrst
four-hour watch in a bunkor the Are register
ing bell outside of tho cabin door that gives tho
alarm when thoro is fire In the bunkers began
to ring and registered tho number of the
bunker Iu which the disrated yeoman was
working-. Tho man was found dying from
poison He had held a couple of lighted
matches beneath the flro alarm apparatus to
set It going and to notify those on deck thathls
bunker would bo worth looking Into. The
Skipper had, ot course, no means ot knowing
that tho young fellow would take his reduction
so much to heart, and ho felt badly enough over
the business.
A man who put In fifteen years In Indian cam
paigning In tbo cavalry arm ot the regular
urniy. having bean a Borgeantmost of tho tlmo.
Is now serving a life sonteuco in a Western
prison for having klllednls FlrstSorgeant. The
orlroe came about through the cavalryman's
suspicion that his First Sergeant had been In
strumental In ha lng him reduced to the ranks.
At the time tho crlmo was committed It was a
custom in tho regular army tor ono of tho duty
(Sergeants of each troop or company to take
what Is oalled a "cheok roll call" about mid
night every night, tp see that all tho men wore
In their beds. Tho First Sergeant got It into his
head that this especial Sergeant was not per
forming his duty when he took oheok roll can.
and was not reporting men absent from their
bunks Ho reported this to the troop command
er, and. ntter an Investigation, tho Sergeant
was court-mnrtialltd and reduced to tho ranks,
llischevrons were cut from his arm and the
stripes from his trousers whllo his troop wae
drann up In formation, and It happened that
tho Sergeant's sweotheurt, on a visit at the
post from tho near-by town, was an acoldental
witness of this performance. Tho "broko"
Sergeant caught sight ot hor while the opera
tion was going on, nnd it made him desperate.
He mado a rush for the orderly room of his
troop, grabbed a pistol that had boen turned In
by ono of tho supernumerary guards, and
ruRhlngout to whero the "top Sergeant who
had got him Into (roublo stood, put a bullet
straight through his heart. Ho recetvod allfo
sentence nt tho hands of tho civil authorities,
to whom ho was turnotl over.
There was a Bergeant of artillery out at Al
catra?; Island, Cal , the military prison, who
killed himself when hn saw that he was in not
only for a reduction, but also tor more sorious
punishment Among tho military prisoners
confined In Alcatrar. was a young eoldlerwho
had attracted tho attention of an elderly and
wealthy woman of Ban Francisco on aoeount of
his cleverness ns n musician, and this soldier
was captured when he deserted from his bat
tery In order to marry tho mn Francisco
woman. Tho woman bad a number of tho Ser
geants stationed at Alcatroz sounded as to tho
prospects of getting tho young prisoner oft tho
Island", and Anally gained tho enrof one of them,
Who, for a largo consideration In cash, agreed
to let tho prisoner slip ono evening when ho
was Sergeant of the guard. Tho scheme was
discovered, and the Bergeant blew his head oil
in the guardhouse office, knowing that ho was
about to be arrested
A great many non-commlssloncd and petty
offlcors havo reason to dread reduction on ac
count of their relationship to tho men undor
them A pttT officer who Is known to his In
ferior bluejackets as n bucko and a bulldozer
Is perfectly well aware that If he got himself
reduced the men up forward who disllko him
will mako his lot so wretched that he will havo
to desert, and a non-commisloned officer who
makes tyrannical use of his modicum of author
ity knows that he might as well light out as
attempt to get nlongwlth the monlnquartors
whom he has Ill-treated, if he should got into a
sorape that Is liable to cause him to bo
"brqko."
At Fort D. A. Russell. Wyo.. a few days ago a
Fmooth chap from thn East enlisted and was
Immediately mado a company clerk. As com
pany elerk. ho didn't have to do any fatigue
work or actual soldiering, but attended to the
clerical duties of the company commander. He
was promoted Corporal and then hergeant. and
tho result was that he had not been compelled
to do a lick of the work such as recruits In tho
army have to worry through. Homadoniory
bulldozing sort of non-commlsaloned offloor,
and the men of his outfit used to express the
longing they folttoseo him "broko" and put to
work shoielllng brush and whitewashing and
flushing sewers and that sort of thing.
Tho Sergeant who had escaped all such
work know tbo men said thojo things, und
so when ho wns discovored In some fancy
lying and was reduced to the ranks ho was
ready for his departure. Ho did not toll any of
tho men that hs was going, but ho went on the
very night that his chevrons were takon from
his blouso sleeves He was rather a clovor
free-hand artist, was this smooth soldier, and
he left In his chest a woll-drawn picture of him
self encaged In piling up oordwood. Under
neath the pencil picture was the title lino:
"Me. engaged in the act of working as a buck
private You'll nover see me doing It In the
flesh, and so I thought I'd loavo yon a little
fanciful illustration of it. to sort of assuage
yourgnef."
nsnixo in SLEEPY Bovxn STjumr.
The Game Kxpected to Do Part of the Work
of the Angler on Bunday,
A man who went to a certain plor on South
street last Sunday to meet some frlonds ex
pectod on an incoming steamship found that
ho had reaohed thn placo some hours too soon,
and was provided with a chair by the watch
man, who was tho only person visible around
tho place. No region of the city Is more som
nolent on a warm Sunday nfternoon than a
covered plor on South street. There ts no
near-by trafllo to disturb tho hearing, the long
shoremen nnd roustabouts aro either abnent or
dozing, and the whiffs ot breeze from off the
rivor boar a pleasing coolness, Tho watchman
himself had boen napping, and Immediately re
turned to his slumbers. For a time the visitor
road his Sunday paper, loaning comfortably
back, but presently his eyes bocamo heavy and
he succumbed to the Influence of tho place.
Ills first contused thought upon coming
back to the realm of actuality was that he most
have slept clear through Into the next morn
ing, for was It not tho breakfast bell that had
summoned him from his dreams? Tes. there
itsounded again, a short. Imperative tinkling.
"Hey? What? What's the matter?" he
muttered, straightening up In his chair.
Bilenco ensued and tho awakened man looked
around him In an attempt to locate the bell,
but couldn't find It. Just as ho was about to
decide that ho had been fooled by a distant
horse car, the tinkling Bounded out again very
distinct and near, and this tlmo the visitor de
cided that It oamo from an oponlng in tha plor
shed which fronted on tho wator.
"Wako up," he callod to tho slumbrous
watchman: somebody ringing to get In."
"Didn't hoar nothing." saloTtho watchman
drowsily, ' Whore aro they ? What do "
The ringing of tho bull again cut short his
query. He leaped to his feet, ran over to tho
opening und stepped out on tho strlngplece,
whore Ills subsequout movements could not bo
Seen by the visitor. Presently ho returned with
n sour faco, saving:
"Didn't get him that time. Would you please
watch aftfer thn Hue for a minute, while I go up
to tho end of tho pier ?"
Beforo the other had tlmo to explain that he
didn't know what the line was tho watchmnn
was gone, Tho temporary guardian ot affairs
walked over to the opening as tbo ringing be
gan again, and was rewarded with thosiglitof
a large sleigh bull jiggling on tho and oti llm
berwlreepiko, which was firmly stuck in tho
Btringploco, To this spike was fastenod a cord
which disappeared Iu tho water below. Obvi
ously tho communication, whateier it might
mean, wns from tho other end of tho line. The
visitor pulled in thu line ami pulled out, to his
great surprise, a fut und very lively eel, willed
upon being safely landed proceeded totiinglo
up tho cord In the lnextrlcsble manner that Is
u hereditary trult of Its species, Ho left the eel
to tho tender mercies of the watchman, who
presently returned and while struggling with
the tangle explained that that mode ot fishing
was the regulur Sunday nftnrnoon patimo of
the watchmen during the summer
"That's the first cvtch to-day." ho said: "but
soma days they'll bite on lively, and tunny's the
time I've caught the makings of a good dinner
that way Tho watchman on the next pier, he's
got an American flag fixed bo that It raises up
when he gets a bite, but the bell's better In
case a fellow gets sleepy, and you don't have to.
be watching It all the time. AH you need is a
. few sandworms for bait bad you're fixed,"
MjMjiMMtffflBgiaBaKaaflaafflgjaje
EDITOR PO MUffS SCOOP.
A CttUTBIIB PAPHIl FlItBT TO TliLT, OF
Dewey's ricxonr.
Ko TThlte People In Ban Fraaclico TTonld
Itelleve lilt News, Though, nnd Bo Ho
Won't Fnbllih Any Store War Cnble
Despatches Making a Chinese Pnner
Bin Fbancibco. July 17. Mun Ket. the load
ing Chtneso paper ot Ban Francisco, announces
with commondablo frankness that it will print
no more war cable despatches. Po Mun, the
editor, points with pride to the record his paper
has made and proves that he has scored a beat
of tho greatest Importance. Men who write
funny paragraphs for tho Amorloan newspapers
have montloned Mun Keenn tho least onter
prising nowspapor In tho world; It has now
shown what It Is capable of.
Just beforo the war began Po Mun sat In his
offleo on Dupont streetovery night, paintbrush
in hand, writing editorials telling his sub
scribers that war wns Imminent. China had
had a war, and Po Mun know of no reason why
America could not havo one also. So, whllo tho
editors of tho big papers downtown wore lntl
mnting that the conflict was a long way off, Po
Mun was preparing his readers to expect an
other conn let like the battloof tho Yalti. PoMun
comes from Canton, but ho has a friend who
works on a Chineso nowspapor published In
Hong Kong. A long letter full of queer Chi
nese characters was sent across tho Paolflo to
the Hong Kong nowspapor man. Instructing
him to cablo to Mun lte ten words of cipher
about the first battlo.
When Admiral Dewoy left Hong Kong to find
and destroy the Spanish floet many rumors
were circulated among tho Inhabitants ot that
metropolis of the Orient. Chineso aro in
veterate gossips. Ono who Is not acquainted
.with their character cannot undorstand how
quickly they transform an unsubstantial rumor
Into what purports to be an absolute faot sur
rounded with Interesting dotalls.
On the Sunday on which tho battlo of Manila
took plaoo rumors of a naval conflict were
plentiful in Hong Kong. They finally orystol
llzod to such an extent that Po Mun's Hong
Kong correspondent believed himsolf justified
In sending a despatch to tho San Francisco
nowspapor. When Po Mun got tho cablegram
ho had no doubt ot its truth. Tho Chineso
editor had no moans of ascertaining Its truth
or falsity even It he had been suspicious
that It might not bo true. As soon
us ho roooived It ho began tho wort of
printing It. and being something of a patriot
ho added that tho Americans had won tho
greatest victory of modern times. After bis
paper had been printed he went downtown to
the American newspapor offices, exjieetlng. of
course, to get nil the dotalls of the battle. Po
Mun reads English very well, and It did not
tako him long to ascertain that tho American
newspapers nod no news from Manila. His
commercial instincts at onco assorted them
selves and he wentinto tbo business office otone
of the dallies. When tho voungman bohindtho
counter recovered from his amazement at tho
offor of tho Chineso editor to sell his paper
somo news ho explained to Po Slun that no
newspaper would consldorthemntterserlously.
Po Mun wont home. All that day whtto men
who visited Chinatown saw the Mongolians
standing around In llWe crowds nud heard
them talking about the war. They smiled as
thoy oommenteJ on the credulity of the Chinks.
Of course Ho ow. the Vlee-Consul, nnd other
Educated Chinamen did not implicitly beliove
fun Aee r cablegram, but tho rnsk and flle of
tho Mongolians wero sure It was true, especially
whon Po Mun personally vouched for the ac
curacy of tho assertions his papor had mads
Taking n losson from his white brethren. Po
Mun in each succeeding Issue of Mun Ktt pro
claimed tho fact that thorn had boon n battlo
on Bunday at Manila, and that tho Amorleans
bad won a wonderful victory. Ho reiterated
this so persistently that Ho Yow. tho Vlee-Consul,
expressed his belief that it might bo true.
The American nowepapars heard ot this and
promptly sent reporters to Interview him.
When Ho low frankly confessed that his only
soureoof Information was Jfun Kee tho re
porters smiled charitably, and politely said that
It was qulto natural that ho should placo cre
denco In tho paper published by his country
man. After assuring him that thoy would let
him know all about tho fight when It actually
took placo they went back to their offices, and
no further attention wns paid to tho mattor.
Meanwhile Po Mun, through the medium of
h s oratory and Ids nowspnier. kept telling tho
Chinamen about the battlo. Bo when tho
American papers finally camo nlongwlth tho
account ot Dowoy's victory tho Chineso sub
scribers to Afrm Kee wore the only persons in
San Tnineteco who wero not surprised.
In thoaffalrsof tho Chinese everything seems
to go by contraries. Such a stroke of luck and
enterprise would have boon of Immonso valuo
to an American newpapor. but It noarly caused
Jinn her to susjiend publication. Tho editor
received so many congratulations and had so
inueh faith In tho far-sightedness of his Hong
Kong correspondent, that ho instructed him to
cublo somo more nows like that of Dowey's
victory. Manifestly It was impossible for tho
correspondent to comply, and Po Mun's telo
graph tolls so dej)leted the treasury of his pa
per that ho was oompolled to announce that he
would print no mora wnr eablo despatches.
The staff of a Chineso nowspapor consists of
the managing editor nnd news editor, who is
necessarily a trnnslatorof English, and an many
roiorters as aro needed to gathor such local
news and gossip as tho paper has room to print.
The mechanical department In its entirety is
the pressroom, presided over by tho pressman,
who is Invariably the only skilled workman
employod. There are no typo oosos. no ma
chines, no imposing stones, no nd. alloys, au J
So printers In tho ofllo of even the most up-to-ato
ChtneNo journal. Several hours before the
tlmo the, paper Is to nppoaron tho street the
managing editor takes a sheet ot paporof the
required sire and rules It into columns with a
common steel pen, using a pocnllar kind of
luk, the socrotof making which Is ono of the
accomplishment which a Chfnaman must ac
quire liefnre ho can hope to assume the re
sponsibilities of a managing editor. After
ruling his paper, he carefully printfl
by hand the, title of the shoot, using
n Chinese writing brush Instead of the pen.
Then he tacks this finished form to a slanting
board, somowhat resembling an architect's
table, nnd retires to his desk to await coming
queries from his assistants. Tho nows editor,
having read nil tho telegraphlo news In tho
latest editions of tho English papers, translates
tho chief Items of Interest, putting each Into
the briefest possible form. These ho lays be
fore his chief, who again takes up his brush and
pinkos a note at the head of each article, tolling
his BUbordlnato just how much to make of It.
The news editor thengoos to the form and
with a brush draws, in Chinese eharnotere, each
article as ho comes to It, carefully following tho
instructions of the managing editor ns to tho
spaco and display ho Is to give. In tho mean
while tho reiwrters of the paper are scouring
the Chinese quarter for nows, and as each ono
finishes his particular assignment he returns
to the offleo. By this tlmo tho news editer has
llnlshed his task, and tho reporters tako tholr
turn at filling tho form with autogrnphlo ao
pounts of tho happenings of the day as they
have heard them. Two reporters usually worlt
on tho paper at tho same time ono at each of
tho only two pages which tho finished papor
will have. Aftor all tho nows Is written in the
managing editor looks It over, and If tho space
Is npt all taken up he fills it, probably with
what by white pe6ple would bo terxnod edi
torial mattor.
Hero the pressman takes charge of opera
tions He removes the form to his department,
it It does not happen to bo In the samo room,
and lays It. facq down, on a stone similar to
those used by American lithographers. Then
with a soft spongo he wets tho back of It thor
oughly, at the same time gently patting it with
his hand and pressing It. Whon tho paper Is
completely soaked through ho takes It by ono
corner and carefully pulls itawny from the sur
face of tho stono. The papor Is now a blank, all
tho written characters having beeomo loosened,
and adhered, face down, to the stone. This is
then laid in a wator nath, and being porous It
becomes thoroughly saturated. It ft carried
from the bath to Iho press and laid on the bed.
In the samo manner ns a white printer lays a
form of type on the bed of the samo kind of
press. The press Is thon started, and as the
stone shoots under tho rollers the ink does not
adhere to the wetstone. but takes perfectly on
the characters which have boon transferred.
Tho paper Is fed to tho cylinder, and as tho
stone runs under it a perfect impression is
taken.
nil Tfrad Swells Annnally.
Froti IKe Toia State Journal.
Osorgo Lugden, the little old-fashioned man
who has superi Islon of the elevator In tho Tost
Office building, is tho victim of a peculiar physi
cal phpuomonon, Eighteen yeare ago to-day
ho suffered a sunstroke in Jjinrenco, nnd on
this date every ysarslnco that tlmo ho has felt
tho effects of the sunstroke When he wakos
up In the morning It is with a feellnggf drowsi
ness, and when he puts on his list ho llnds that
his head Is larger than when betook it off the
night before. .In walklng.at Intervals his vision
falls him. and ho stnggors nliout as If Intoxi
cated II also Invariably has a dull, beating
puln at tho base of the brain Tho symptoms
continue during the day of July IB, but disap
pear in thu night, nnd on the following day he
Is Iii his usuatgood state of health
Mr. Lugdon la having all thu symptoms to
day that ho has had without intermission on
tho 18th day of July each year for tho past sev
enteen yoars. Whllo in charge of tho elevator
at the rertornl building ho wears a small black
Ikull cap, which usually fits comfortably, but
o-diiy ho says it fits bo tightly thnt ho can
lardly l;ar to keep It on Ho Issufforlnga
dull pain in the back af his head, and complains
that objects become obscured as by a mist,
A number ot physicians have boon consulted
by Mr. Lugden, but bo far no one has been able
to explain this remarkable phenomenon,
i
AFItO-AUEniCAlT SOTXS.
Illinois and North Carolina have each an Afro
Amerloan regiment with offloers of its own raoe,
from Colonel down. Company h ef the Birth Mmu
chtiittta Ilegtment was the flnt of Afro-American
volunteers to rweiCube. The effort to raise Afro
American companies and regtmenta to be officered
hy white men baa been a failure. The Afro-Americans
would accept so inch arrangement.
Kx-Oongreeiman John P, Lynch of Wesinippi,
who resides In Washington and was reoently ap
pointed a Paymaster In the army with the rank ef
Major by the President, hsa had presented to him
by admiring friends a gold-mounted ewor with tor-tolte-ehrll
handle, and a Major's uniform.
The Rev. ntchard Oerroll of flouth Caroline, the
nev. 0. T. Welker of Oeonria and the Rev, IJ. W.
Arnett, Jr., of Ohio have been appointed chaplains
InthevotBnteutervioe. II is a singular faet that
none of the four Afro-American cheplelnt of the
regular army was allowed to go to Onba with Me
regiment. Therare all doing the peculiar work of
recruiting officers. Itr. Arnett It a son of Blsbop
Arnett.
A convention was called to meet at Parle, Ky
July 4, to eonelder the matter of I.lbcrlan emigra
tion." The prejudice dliplayed In accepting offloers
and recruit for the pending war and the hareh end
cruel things that have brn aald by such newipapera
as the Weehtngton Art and the New Orleans Timn
Dtwuxrat are likely to Intensify the deelre of many
Afro-Am erica ae to go to Africa or eo-newhere else.
The Afro-American schools of higher education
have been busy during the past few weeks conferring
degrees of one sert or another upon men who have
no claim to them. This degree bnslneee has become
a scandal and nuisance among Afro-Amerlcane, and
especially among the preachers, most of whom are
doctors of divinity by the grace of some raoe sohool
er by bold and unblushing appropriation of It.
The Afro-American agne of California will meet
at Pasadena Aug. 2, and will be attended by about
SOO delegates. It la expected that the National Afro
American League will meet in September.
The Ormnd Lodge of Knights of Pythias of Massa
chusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut convened In
New Bedford Julr B. The next eeml-enmial conven
tion will be held at Hartford Jan. 10, 1800.
The Florida EnxnoiHit does not like the war status
of Afro-Americans a Wt. Itsarsi " Race prejudice
and race hatred have dominated everybody, from
the President down to the army scullion, when deal
ing with the negro eoldler. The black soldiers, who
have always been true to the Stars and Stripes, havo
been alighted, sent to out-of-the-way plsoee, shifted
from pillar to post, insulted, proscribed, forced to
ride to camp In Jim Crow cars, and denied the rights
and privileges of loyal and brave soldiers, simply to
please and natter those who, only recently, did all In
their power to destroy the TJnlon." But the fact Is
that some of the Southern Governors have gone
a great deal farther In accepting Afro-American
soldiers and giving them eommlnioas than the
President or tho Governors of some of the Northern
States. At the battle of Santiago the Ninth and
Tenth cavalry regiments, under Major-Gen. Joseph
Wheeler of Alabama, had the post of greatest honor
and danger, and glortouslr sustained It along with
Wood's rough riders. In the main, many of the
Southern Governors have acted with more generosity
and fairness than the Washington authorities,
J. If. Jackson has been elected President of Lin
coln Institute at Jefferson City, the Afro-American
State institution of Missouri, of which Inman A,
Page was long President. Mr. Page resigned recently
to accept tho Presidency of anew echoolinOklahoma,
The Populist Governor of Kansas offered a Lleuten-ant-Colonelcy
to Major Charles B. Toung of the Ninth
Ohio Battalion, who is a West Point graduate and a
Lieutenant In the regular army, bnt he declined It,
because, It Is said, he expects to be appointed a Colo
nel by Gov. Bnshnell of Ohio. Gov. Leedy has com-
'missioned John M. Brown of Topeka and James
Beck of Manhattan to be Majors and John M. Waller
of Kannas City to bo a Captain. Mr. Waller la the ex-
I Consnl to Madagascar who got into trouble with the
French Government and had so muoh trouble to got
out. Ills claim for $1,500,000 against the French
Government for the lose of a concession of rubber
landrls still hauglng fire,
Mr. William L. Reed of Boston, an ex-member of
the General Court of Massachusetts, has been ap
pointed a Deputy Collector of Internal Revenue.
The Rev. E. B. Love, one of the volranlo elements
of the Baptist faith In the South, who is a ehronlo
oontrovenlallst, has begun the publication of the
Baptitt TruOt at Savannah, Ga.
At the recent meeting of the Republican State Com
mittee of Alabama, the Rev. A. J. Warner and W. J,
Stevens were read out of the party. These men be
came dissatisfied with the decision of tho Republican
State Committee not to nominate a State ticket, and
held a convention which placed a full. Afro-American
ticket In the field, with Warner for Governor. The
State Committee has recommended Republicans to
vote for the Populist candidates, who aro pledged
against the Democratic programme to restrict the
miffrase by constitutional enactment, as haa been
done In Mississippi, South Carolina and Louisiana.
It Is estimated that there are 80,000 Afro-American
members of the Maaonlo fraternity.
The amount of money that Afro-Americans raise
for church purposes Is bewildering. The Baltimore
Afro-Anuruan ears that In Baltimore the Sharp Street
M.K Church Is building a church to cost $70,000;
St. John's Church haa contracted to purchase a par
sonage for 12,000, and the North Street Baptist
Church Is collecting funds to build a $10,000 church,
tE.OOOofwhichlthM in bank. The Afro-Amtnam
adds: "We wonder, considering the poverty of many
of the members, where the money comes from to
meet their heavy expenditures." Tho same paper
announces that the Colored Toung Men's Christian
Association has boen compelled to close up ahop be
cause of lack of funds, while " the Colored Toung
Women's Christian Asaociatlon, In strong contrast,
is not only doing a good work, but thinking of get
ting larger quarters."
The Atlantlo City rubHc Rtcord say that during
the paet six months over one hundred conoerta, re
ceptions, balls, parties, picnics, and other entertain
ments have been given by the Afro-Americans of that
resort. And so it Is all over. The Afro-Amerloan
manses everywhere manage to (ret a lot of solid fnn
out of the serious business of living.
The Norfolk Batlv Rtooritr, an Afro-American
newspaper which does a great deal of kicking, sirs I
"Why negroes will persist m visiting Ocean View,
Virginia Beach, and like plaoes la simply a mystery.
No self-respecting negro will go down to the seaelde,
stand up In the sunshine, or wander along the burn
ing asnds of the shore in order that he may aee the
white people feasting and enjoying themselves. To
be dodging around among a crowd of white people,
afraid to crass the pavilion, denied even the privilege
of a drink of water, afraid to alt down, afraid to stand
still, liable to be lnsalted every minute by the first
white ruffian that come along, is a privflegs which
many negroes seem so muoh to enjoy that they must
deck themselves in their best Sunday clethes and
hie themselves Just where their good clothe is cause
for offenoe."
The Rev, A. M. Newman, one of the most popular
preachers in Louisiana, ha Just died. He waa born
In Fairfax county, V., June T, 18B. In 1880 he en
tered Wayland Seminary and remained there three
terms; in lftse he entered Madison University, New
York, graduating In 187A. He entered the Baptist
ministry and held many inlluentlal pastorate and
other church dignities during his life.
A call haa been leaned for a meeting of the Inter
national Industrial AasodaUon of the World at Chica
go Aug. 1, Dr. Oeorge Halt is Chairman. The ob
ject of tho association la "to devise way and mean
to promote the industrial, moral, financial, educa
tional, and political Interest of the colored people
of America." Why " International " wa put in the
title, except to elongate it, does not appear In the ob
ject of the meeting a set forth.
The Western Negro Press Association, of which Ed
win n. Hockley of the Denver (almon Is President,
will meet at Omaha Aug. 22,
The Savannah Wttkly Tribunt says: "The city is
Infested with several money brokers' office, Theee
placo only rtch the poorer oltssea of cltlreni, and
they have to pay dear for what they get. It wis re.
cently published that a colored man borrowed B
from one of these ooncems and paid back In Interest
over S0." The man got tired of paying Interest and
appealud to the law, and the broker ws compelled to
refund tho money. A lot of that sort of swindling I
practiced all over the South.
Daniel n Johnson, who died in Philadelphia June
2B, was born a slave in Wsrren county, N Cln 184ft
but by bard study he obtained a fair education sfter
the civil war and became prominent in North Caro
lina, serving three terras In the Legislature, When
be wa 7 years old hla mother, who la still Jiving, wa
left a widow with nine children. He had fourteen chll
area, nine ef whom survive aim.
TITOMTTSWAlllUlvTlUNl:
xt xa. tub oirx.Y oits to wmaa iar-
X.IBTED UBV MAX BIBB.
Gunner, Boatswain, Sallmnker ana Ctx
penters Constitute This Grnde-Thelr Ufa
Is Lonesome, for They Are) Between OO
cers and Men nnd Belong to Neither.
The announcement that tho men who no
oompanled Llout. Hobson Into Santiago harbor
on board the Morrlmao aro to be mado warrant
offlcors calls fresh attention to a peculiar urnda
In tho naval Borvloo, tho only grndo to which
enlisted mon oan rlso. There ore two nnd a
halt dogroos in the social ecnlo ef tho navy.
First como Iho commissioned ofllcors ot tha
lino and staff tho Admirals, Captains. Lleu
tonnnts, ensigns, surgoons. paymasters, on
Btnoorfl. marluo officers and chaplains, who
constitute ono degreo) then next In tho eeola
are the warrant officers tho boatewolns. trun
nere. carpontersandsallmakors who, by virtue
of tholr email complement nnd tholr hnlf-war
position, can be counted only as half nunltj
and last In order Is the great mass of enlisted
men, who rango from tho ohlef petty oftloors to
tho apprentices.
The gunners, boatswains, snllmnkors and
onrpentors of tiro navy aro neither commis
sioned offlcors nor onllsted men,. They wear a
uniform similar to that worn by tho former '
but have no share In their social arauscmonta
afloat or ashore, no familiar intercourse with
them on board, and aro barred by tholr own
pride ot olass from seeking companions
among tho enlisted part ot tho crew.
They moss In a room set apart for
their common nso, havo aoparato state
rooms, woar swords on duty nnd nt
muster, but with it all thoy are neither "fleh,
flesh, nor fowl." That this Btato of affairs Is
unpleasant to them and antagonists to their
duty is evident It Is a relloof tho old nnvy.
whon ships wore wooden and canvas tho only
motive power: whon tho carpenter's adre and
the Ballraakor's needle wore badges of authority ,
and their use a dally and important task.
Of the tour erodes, the gunner nnd boatswain
are still valuable In the servioa, tho latter as t
so-btweon with offloers and mon, and tho
formor In dlreot oharge of the ordnanco. In
fact, tho Importance of thocunnor as a factor
in tho new navy 1b sneh that a spocial school
tor the solontiflo training ot naval gunners has
been maintained by the Qovommont at Wash
lngton for fifteen years.
Warrant rank Is the highest rung In the lad
der of promotion for enllstod mon. Beyond
that they cannot go.no matter what oducatlon
they have or what political lnfluonco they can
bring to boar. In tho army commissions are
open to competent non-commlssloned offloers,
Sut In the navy the only door to the Quartor
eck la the Annapolis Naval Acadomy.
In tho Borvloe to-day nro men principally
among the boatswains, carpenters, and sail
makers who wore tha rolling collar and the '
jaunty cap ot tho seaman for yoars and yearn
beforo somo act of bravery or stroke of good ,
fortune sentthelr names to Washington for re- I
word. Thoy wero men pickled in the brine of t
tho harness cask and redolent with tho salty ,
oaths of tho fo'c's'le. Thoy csred more for a j
" swipe" ot salt homo than all the pato do foto 1
Bra, ever served In the whole of Paris, and tho I f
cutty pipe with Its load of navy plug was I S
swoetor than tho best porfeoto over turnod out a
ot a Havana factory. g
To theso men camo In the fulness of tlmo f
word from the department that "as a reward i
for n distinguished act of bravory" or "In pur-
suanco of your application and In consideration '
ot long and faithful servioo" thoy had been mado I)
boatswains or acting carpenters, or noting r I
something else, as the caso may bo. and that
thoy would servo as such until oxperlenco hnd ',
proved their enpabilltlos. With tho acting rank
came tho privilege of wearing a uniform differ- ,
lng from that of the commissioned officer only j
by tho Insignia worn on coat lapel nnd cap front. n
Tho promotion also brought now quartors. n, '
new field nnd new dignity. Tho quarters nnl v
thn field of action did not weigh heavily, but tho
uniform and dignity wero liko tho golden. i
sandals to the child of tho dosert. TheseJ '
men. who wero accustomed to tho freedom of i
the forward deck and tho reckless dovll-may- I!
caro charms ot comradeship, found thcmsolvns f j
. perched upon an eminence where resting wni
hard nnd moving awkwardness itself. rrom i
their placo amldshlp thoy looked aft with u
sonseot awe thoy could not overcome, and for
ward with a yearning hard to stifle.
if thoy mado bold to assume familiar nir
with a commissioned offlcor icu ono ns low I
as nn instgn thoy were given whatlsknown
In tho parlance of the confidence man as tho '
frozen face." If they turned back to an old J ;
shipmate who was still wearing tho bluo jacket, .
thoy wero reminded brusquely by tho exocu- '
tlvoofllcer that discipline In tho eorvloe would f'
not permit ot association botweon tho enlisted
man and tho ofllcer. Thoy wore then driven. f
perforce to seek confidence nnd tho pleasure rjf (
gossip among their own setthe solitary quar- I
t of tho ship. An exact simile can ha found B
In tho caso of the poor minor who finds wealth
in a sudden turn of tho shovel, and who Is com- ft
polled to forsake tho accustomed joys of thi I
mining camp for tho painful atmosphere of K
Eastern civilization.
Theso carpenters and snllmakors and boot- j(
ewalns remain In tho servioo beenuse thoy havo J
spent the best years of tholr llfo In It. They
do not caro to relinquish tho Increased pay nor
Incur tho I told you so'a" of tholr former '
mates by resigning tholr warrants, but thov
would bo inuoJi happlor swinging in tho old S
fourteen-lnch spaco on tho berth dock and n
mossing with Jack and Bill nnd tho rest ot tha
fellows.
Tho samo can hardly bo said of tho majority '
of gunners In service. This class of warrant
officers Is composed mainly of young men who
are graduates of tho Ounnory Sohoolat Wash
ington, and aro fitted by education and I
taste for tho position. The curriculum of the i
school and the scientific naturo of tho studies
tend toward refinement, and as a rula g
there is less hesitancy nbout fratomizlns; 8
with them by the hlghor offlcors than I
with tho older sallmakern and carpentors. V
T,. i.01?.?0 of. ..Bunnor Is eagerly sought i
after by tho ambitious apprentices of thoeor- I
vice. Tho attention paid to the apprentice sys- 1
tcm of recent years has rosultod in tho infusion S
of now nnd youthful Amorlcan blood into tha 1
nayv. Warrant rank being tho only ono opon ?
tothp enlisted, men, thuro Is therefore avust i
nunibor pf applications on fllo In ttie Navy Do- 1
pnrtment for promotion. Tho groat majority 1
of these nro for tho rank of gunner, as that bil V
lot li considered the most desirable. I
Vi Ith rare exceptions, the presont gunners of j
tho Bervlco were formerly apprentices, and not I
u few of thorn won tholr promotion by dlstln- ?
fulshnd and gallant conduct. Qunnor Henry I
A. tilers, one of the brightest and moat prom- i
lslng ofllcors in thn grude. gained his warrant 1
by an net of daring that woufd havo won llm
VX A1 iftfl Cro,-H, ?,' England tf ho had been a l
inm2rtiiJ.lit7,n'i 'i? f0"", n board the, )
Philadelphia In Ifata he coolly enterod tho
magazine into whloh had fallenlho burninir J
f ragments of an exploded chargo and stamped
them out with his foet. In the opinion "nils t
superior officers this formor npprontlce boy's 8
"Gimnni S..plina orew 'rom destraotlom
t viUDFry."arlos Morttan, -who was appointed I
In 1B0O after serving aa nn approntico for a. I
number of years, won famo nii3 commendation 1
for his services in charge of the dlvere engaged t
IV.nV'S ,iQlno '"vcstlgatlon. Ills professional
skill find conscientious abors assisted mute
rial y In the finding of tho Investigating cSntl
m iTn2,'Ylllc'1 Admiral Hampson was the heai k
liy law the service Is allowed forty-flvo eua. )
SfiB,??li;?no toa.W". fortr-three carpet"! I
ft'l''ha,ld.lilftflen sallmakers. The members of J
the first three grades are scattered about afloat v A
and asliore, but the latter nre all assigned i to - '
nav Kl stations and special duty with the oxnin t
tL0eUMOafrloWn? dBt"18 to ' ""StSr aiR
-A 'rrrant,9ffleer'a pay ranges from $1,200 a
?Y fr JPiVKf0? ray f lls nn' throe years. i
to l.HO0. which he receives after twelve yoara l
?m.ida,a ot "PPOIntment. Considerably lower f
salaries aro paid for shore duty or on waltliiir 5
orders. This does not Inoludo tho uSu 3 '
monthly ration of til.) allowed. 8 USUia j
In tho Navy Porsonnel bill now before Con
gress provision Is mado for tho creation of 1
new warrant rank to bo Icnown aS warrant
machinist. Tho members of tho oliss wlfTbo
Placed on duty In the englno rooms of our bat-
nnS'l'K 5,1.1 c.I2"BerJ- a," w'11 havo equal nn
and pay with tho other warrant offlcors In Oil
connection it may bo m?nt ned that a nurnbe?
o'Nnvol Constructor Hobson's gallant Tcrow
will bo mode warrant machinists As n .reward
f!,i'il.r.Pori'0.us ,,e.ll'n Si"itHigo harbor.
eiidM
SCliroYnon f"'teJ teTN'AvVa:
Itosebery Pronounces Ileaconsfield,"
Lord llosebery in delivering an oration on
Edmund Ilurko at Uoaconeflold the other day
wit corrected for mispronouncing the name of
the place, but justified himself as follows ao
cording to tho Times report:
"As I have boen romlndedbymy friend thi
rector. I Bpokeof Iloaconsflold. not'IleoonsfleloV
I well knew what I was doing. Iwaa hmiK.iT
?i i. V:1 nve 'l'.' Pronunciation waMooua!
Held' until on the creat on of thotltlsnfrn.fi
lteaeonstleld. nnd still moro of IxiVd ileLt i'
IJiMsM aM III 111101 "' -W-- ,.u. j
MMMMBBMMBsMMBMsaaMM ni U. fjt-ih yaadHl