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4 THESUN THE SUN SUNDAY SUNDAYeMAY MAY l 1 bOa 19 3
Bj V tt 1 iii
V
k MUlE NEW Tff BOOK BOOKInteresting DOO1CInterNtln
1 Interesting Legislation lltlon In Anrtral AnrtralA AannA AnilrslLa AnilrslLaI
I A work which KM hulong long been needed neededUngth ia 1 1IL2jth t tIqth
Ungth forthcoming In the t two volume volumetitled volumestlthd eI eItitled
titled fltote Karptrimmf Bz rjrnent m in A igro2ia roKo < roKoA orul orulNe c cXe
A Ne > > ZwJand by WJUIAM Pramioi Prw r Rm RmflB RZI RKETm RKETmE
flB I P Dutton n Jt Co The author ta I Ieminently pre premnatl p pI
eminently qualified quall ed for hU bl task lie liebeenaColonlal liebeensColonial hu hubeeaCoIonW
beenaColonlal politician J olIdclan > and U I still till a aonUl Col Colonla C CI <
onUl official He has h already made him himknown bll1llcll bll1llclli h1mI
I I i known to British and nd American readem readempapers rtdeniI hy hyI
I I papers contributed to English ruriewv ruriewvthe reyIewI le1ll > on onthe
I j the ti subjects hem her he dlscuswd at length lengthdoot lie liedoaI I Ido
doot do not profess to hare Mv given u UI a loot lootgraph 100110 100110paph
graph yet hia book U the most nearly nearlyhaoativs ntarlyebiys u un
haoativs n aooount In print of the th more nota notaexperiments rotable rotabledperlmeat rotat rotatzperfmt
experiments in law Ia and adminUtration th thC ti tibar tht thtII
C bar II been mode In Australasia during t ttwentyone tI tItwtY008 tiLwtt7oI1
twentyone yean r 114 between the antlChlnf antlChlnfaot antlchlr
aot ota of ol1l81l1dtheadoptlonofthewomn ol1l81l1dtheadoptlonofthewomnfrucbw 1 31andtheadoptionotthewornnI 1 and the adoption of the woroer woroerfranon
I I r frucbw franon by the Australian Commonweal Commonwealin
I i in May Ka 1KB If we except some chaptt chapttoa chapten chaptenOft
oa th the land question and a few pages palftllllCAt palftllllCAtI pag pagI s < a atered
I tem here and there in other o flr parts of h hwork 1 1work hill hillI
work ita contents all al1liA have ha to o do with ma maten mat maS
1 I ten t en later in date than IWO 1 The featur featurof feat featurq 1nII 1nIIof
q of thi thla valuable nlUb book to which we hall he hedirect wore worei I
I i f dlreot attention are the chaptera which d dsrfth de dewv < al i
wv 1 srfth 1 iha th land d question and especially t tprovision the theproTlaloca tI
I provision for cheap transfer and andMuraflCO inaurariof inaurari tnniirircof
of title the labor 1awandpai1kiJ1tI7t 1awandpai1kiJ1tI7tI Uw IAwand and particularly t tcompulsory le ler
I r compulsory arbitration system and flnall flnallthe ftnAllT ftnAllTthepeMlonlawotSezdand flnalljI
I the thepeMlonlawotSezdand pension law of New Zealand Atanothtime Atanoth Atanothflrtime AtanothI
I time we may ma point out the measures m Ut take tokfor takeo takeo10r taket
t I J i for the exclusion of o aliens lIen and undeslrabl undeslrabland undMlraluand
1 and the th provisions PJOi iOM for preferential votin votinand votmsndrevlew otllle otllleI
I sndrevlew and review the theblatory history of federation and andF t tthe 01 01tbfo
F the tb womans franchise trwhieThe movement movementThe moeffi nl nlI nlf
I
f The story of o the Torren To I en land act will t tfound b bj b bi
1 f found set e forth very briefly on page pal 31 31tUofth III IIIV 31I
j V I t 112 t13of tUofth 01 the lb first rst volume It was very early earl i iher In Int L LberhitorythatSouthAntraILapaAsedata1
t her herblatory berhitorythatSouthAntraILapaAsedata1 berhitorythatSouthAntraILapaAsedata1R history that South Australia passed a la larelating law lawrelatln
R relating relatln to transfers UaMereofrwtlllalfl of real estate for or which whleth whichtJIe whicJ
J th tJIe othsr six Ix oolonieu of Auntralaula AUMI sti stiowe t til tilP1 ill
P1 0 ow owe her a debt of gratitude The Terror Terrorland TorrellI
i I land transfer act it placed on the statute boo booin book bookJ hOOI
I I I tn ISM prang from the brain of o an intell intellgoot lnte1l1I8Ot LotelUI
I Ld 4 goot gctoo1ictorofousumi collector ctor of customs at Adelaide wh whhaving wtlJaYiac <
1 having MeQ in early earlylle life something II of th thways the theof thi1i
1i ways of the tb English Court of Chancery h hI ha hacorns had hadIOOI2M
I J corns to hold very TerytToag strong view vie iew about exorb exorbitaatlgal exorbftaDt ezorbd
d ftaDt ftsnUia1ohrgee itaatlgal Jep1 charge He flethoughtoutaptnb flethoughtoutaptnbf thought out a plan b bwhich
f 7 jp wbIbaytmotegsterp4proprietorsi wbIbaytmotegsterp4proprietorsit which bIeb a system of registered re < laten 1 proprietorshi proprietorshihouldcheapen proprietorahipf
t t f abouJd houldcheapen houldohapenandMrnpltfyfuturedealingi houldohapenandMrnpltfyfuturedealingik obeapen and simplify future dealingwith dealing
k a I wltl1lud with land This plan he h submitted to tb tbmost tbe tbeI thij
j most eminent IocaJ legal authorlti am amthey nd ndtbey
1 I they tbythrwoold threw cold water upon It ItNot ItNot ItL
L Not disheartened Torrens fouod le lelearned I II Iem Iemi
I i learned advisers d1aer who thought better of li liAn It ItJ1 i iI
I An agitation acltato In I Ita favor waa begun gn ant antafter ad adar and andsttr
after a abort mor contest oontt with wit the legal leea profes profesion profi prof
I i lion ar ion Iothe1ayrnonwontbeday the t laymen lar won the t day After At kfwwateh wat teh tehI h hIng
1 log Jn it at a work wok in South Sutb Australia Autral colon colonafter clon clonac oolonj
11 I after ac colony o0T adopted do the tb Torrens TOrTel law witi witibut with withbu
ap
1 but bu llltls 1t change ol Now SO forty years Te r rped hn haii haiipod
pod and a the t U Colonial ColnW system lITtm of land la tr trfr ta tw twI
I I t fr p r U I tlll al in h subatanoe IlUbto the plan pl hit bitupor bituporby upo upoby upn upnby
by thsi t th ingenious IIU customs ctom officer oo M MRerre Mr MrI II
teatiflea that it work worksmoothly wckiXfbOOthIy
I Rerre R tt tt everywhere eerbe It wak
i smoothly ey and ad usefully uul Land ld registr registroffices reilt regIatroeo
offices o oeo are open op In I every STry large Iie lard district districtAny dt dtotAny
< Any Ay proprietor prietr may m apply appl to register rel h hland hl hia hiaIad
land Id in I on of 0 these t After Ater proper prop lares larestigation innltt InvesI
I tigation tt by the te publio examiner enmine of title titlehis tluNhl titeble
his hl title ttle and ad the t description delon of his hi land Id are aret an aninsnrtbed a
t insnrtbed i In one of th the office ofc ledgers l < T Free Freethe Frm Frmtb Frcrnt
t tb the moment mt he Is I a registered gilter proprietor proprietorand proper propernd
and nd any al Innocent InnoD purchaser prber from lrm him h haian hai b haaan
an indefeasible in flble title tite Thereafter Tere any n per person pr prB peron
son B on dealing with Ith the th land lnd has ha merely mflly t tsend t to toI <
I send nd an agent aeat to t the t registry ret office officememorandum ot oo A Amerndu Arnemoradum
memorandum merndu of the t transaction t1n transaCtIOnS1e sale lea leai I Ior Ior
i or mortgage moitsgeia Is I Inscribed Inab on C the theof t p pa paof
of the t office ol ledger ler devoted dTo to t the t partk partkproperty pertloular pertloularlii
lii J property PrprT A duplicate dupUo of 0 the thmeordu tb memorandi memorandiis mnorandwf1 p
f1 is I handed hnd to the thf th agent at who ho may my or o may maynotbeaso1IcltorandtebuaineeaIsoom ma manot m
not 10t notbeaso1IcltorandtebuaineeaIsoom notbeaso1IcltorandtebuaineeaIsoompletded be b a solicitor Ilcltor and ad the t business bl la I con conplated 0
plated plt in an a hour hou for lo a tithe ttb of the cost ot t ta t I Ia
a conveyancers OnTJ client clnt under uder the tb th old system systemThe
4 The T Tb transfer trer systems eyte e Importance IprO U I 1 due du 1 1great In Int 1jyeM
great t measure mr to t H t being bl in port p oom compulsory oompu oomI ¬
I pulsory pu All A land ld acquired au from the State Stateafter Stat Statec
I after a aft the th th coming comin into int force 10rO of the t th tranaf tranafact te traiafer
c 1 It act ota U I pl placed under uder them te aa a matter mt o ocome ot otc ofiL
iL c co come The Tb registration rirtlo of other prIvet privatlands prlnteJ prIvetr
r lands J k I optional and ad though tholh the elde eldesystem ole oWertL
tL system 8 itdleshard itdleshardCharacteristic it 1td1bwiT d b Is I op being bia gradually culy extinguished extinguisheditdleshard ext extingulahed1td1bwi Illhed Illhedit
T Characteristic Clale also a of Australia Autrall are the tiylaw te teIn thelawi
law In lawi authorizing aurz loans lo of money Ione by th thState the theState
State 8 to t owners oera of real r rea estate on bond b arx arxmortgage ad adm and andI
I mortgage m ofl1e 1 I In ° legislation illatu of o this t thu kind kiniNew Id IdN kindNew
New N 7 Z eelsnrl Iad took tk the t lead ld but she b h ha habeen h has hasL
L been bse followed 10Dw by West Wet Australia Austri South Southi SoutlAustralia Sut
i Australia AUI Victoria Vir TaHmania Tanl and an NeiSouth Sew SewWa Newt
I South Wales in the order named Under Undethe UnderI Underthe
t Wa I t orer nae
I the Kw J w Zealand z scheme am an a office ofc callet calletthe cl1
5 4 I the t Advances Adcsn to Bottlers Stden Office Of was wDcete wDceteI created createdand createdt
t and the of three millions of ofp
ad t borrowing brwln o th mllll o opounds o
I r p pounds pud sterling t was authorized atbri by th thColonial LbCIa the
1 Colonial CIa Department Dt to provide prvide the ooe ooewith offloe offloewith ofc ofcwt
with wt loan J capital cplt This TIA money the th board boardcontrolling b boardk
k controlling otl this t the offloe oo oMc proceeded po to t lend lo out outon out outon
on o first a mortgage mne oa 0 land used u for fofam farming farmingdairying fannLngdairyIng
y dairying d or o market mrket gardening pnl Urban Ur or orsuburban orr orI
r suburban uu land ld used u for building buldi or manu manufacturing manufa menufctwtg ¬
facturing fa may m1 not be b taken tkn aa security securityNeither alt
1 Neither Neitr is I Iaazy any aylfdc lending lmdlngdone done on personal prna prop property pruprtl pr ¬
erty e rtl Th T The Advances AT Offloe Omo lends ld on freehold freeholdor frhold frholdo
L or o oa o lands J held b from lrm the t Government Gent on onwhat onwb ont
what wb is termed wm perpetual pul lease lea or by b certain certainother cri certainotbsr
t other oth forma f lo of o conditional oondton tenure nu It alec alarlend a aleclendi
lend led to t tenants teata of o public publc bodies bll The ThiColonial TheI
I OIa Colonial Parliament Palient originally orginaly limited lmite th thamount th the
I amount Uu eoun to be b lent lt to t any a one on borrower blwr ti titwentyfive to toI tol
1 hundred pounds sterling This Thiihaa Thishas
twentyfive tfliJbe bu puda all Tl
l I has b since been n raised rL to three thT thousant thousantpounds thold tholdpd thotandt
t pounds pd poundasterling sterling llrlig The T Thesmalleetloan smsllest a UN t loan loa allowed allowedis al owe
is I twentyfive tetyae pounds poundsThe PODd poundsC
C The T primary prmy attraction trn of the offloe a acompared U Uem acompared
compared em with wth private lenders lndr of money Is Isthe f Istbs
the th low fee 1 fees charged c for inspecting and andvaluing s4 s41t a
1t i valuing property pryoer propeetycfteed offered ae a security rty Half Ht Htpony a aguinea agUinSOfll7
guinea gUinSOfll7 ya only is I charged ed chergedto to t the te applicant pplct for forone toron forr
pony hundred pounds tan 1er and but guinea guineawhere guineac
r r one on bur pudlOT or a bt a alla allahr
c where hr the sum Im asked uN for does d not Dt exceed exceedtwo Oxod Oxodtw
1 two tw hundred bud and fifty pounds pud sterling llrlnc a aguinea aC a aguinea
guinea and a a half ta for between btwn two tw hundred hundredand hunr hundredand
and ad C fifty ft pounds puad and nd five fTe hundred bur pounds poundsand puad puada poundsand
and a only on two t guineas KU for fo anything 1y up to t the thomaximum to torrm theinatmom
maximum rrm amount at of three t thousand t pounds poundssterling
4 sterling trl It It t sometimes eri happens hpp that t thatI the theland t
I land lad offered oe an a security ylor for a loan l b I so e unfit unfitthat unt unttbt um umI
I that the valuator vautr Bent lnt to t look lk after atr It does doesnot do donot doesnot
not trouble truble himself himl to t inspect lp it It In that thatrase thute
t case e he informs IOI the superintendent apntnnt accord accordingly accorciIngly cr ¬
ingly and nd no fee te I Is I charged ch OtherwiI Otherwise Otherwisethe Othr
I the thelandlsvaltledftndsreportmadetothe thelandlsvaltledftndsreportmadetotheii land Is valued nu and d a report rpr made me to t the theriffle I Iof
the works well is evi evident evident
ii riffle of That Tt t system em 11 e ¬
dent from the fact tat that that on o March Mrh 31 101 101the 111 111the 1901the
of the Advances Office Officewas Ofcewas
the Superintendent Suprtndnt Anl 1 Omc Omcwt
was wt able to t report rr that It had no securities securitieson ecrltle ecrltleon
on its Il hands Mr Reeves RWI thinks tlnk that the theAdvsnccs thedvnC theL
L Advsnccs dvnC dvin Offloe Ot Ofk may m well wel be b congratu congratulated ongrl oongratuletd ¬
lated lattd on this feature of Its I first frt flvo nv nvwor years yearswork yvarswork
< work wor when one on recalls rcll the te disasters dltr of many manygreat m manyI
loan in the colonies colonieshow colonieshow
I great lrt private pgl ln companies comp t olon
how they th have h had h great rat blocks blok of property proprtythrown propertythrown prpry prprytw
thrown tw on their thir hands bd and n1 hare hye lost It heavilysometimes heavily heAvUat heavUyscmetlises
sometimes at ruinously rIUIln In the th endeavor elwYor to get getrid getrid
rid rd of them themYs thm thmWI themWs
Ys bav seen en how ho small lmar are the lh valuation valuationifs Taluat
ifs I e charged chrle to t ti applicants Jplt for loans The Thalocal Te Telea Thelegal
local lea fees ffl on the tb mortgaging mranl and releasing releasingarc rlulnV releasingaJustasema3I
arc ai aJustasema3I just JUlt as A email l The Th ThehumbPeetdaasoflr ThehumbPeetdaasoflrrowerhe humblest cl claws of bor borrower horerhe ¬
rower rowerhe erhe he whose wb loan la doe d doe not nt exceed excd five fivehundred Bvehunrd fivej
j hundred hunrd pounds pund sterling atct sterlinggets gets off ol o with a apayment aprnt arr
rr payment prnt of twentyfour twntfour shillings bl1nl and six sixpence tx txpac dxI ¬
I pence pac For this U thishiiruortgagela his hl mortgage mra is prepared and andperuwd andJ endperused
perused lib hl tiUe tt searched Ihe and a Plp all al registra registration rllra rllratll regiatratloii ¬
J tion tll work wor done Should 8ud the loan llan bo 0 above abovefive ae aefv aboveLive
five fv hundred h dr pound poundbut but not above abovoono be ono on thou thousand tbouId thouands ¬
sand Id pounds rs another tr guinea gia Is I charged chargedand chcd chcdarl chargedMI
and arl on sums I between btn ono thousand thouud pound poundand pund pundand poundearid
and three t thousand tound pounds pund the M total tct co ot otCIe cost costome t tcomes
comes CIe to three thr pounds pundl seventeen IVcnteD shillings shillingsWhen eliillingeWhen hlll
W When UM U mortgage m oitgg 1s I released r1 the t fee lo feer4 ta
r4
all al ca ca cawa e U i but five lve shillings shllnl It I should shouldnoted aul ghouldnoted
noted that these mode costs ts are levied 1e o owhere on onwher ol olwhere
tht th
me
where wher the title of the land mortgaged mortgagedunder mrc mortgagedur4er I Iurmr
th ttk
under the Land L1 Transfer Trer Acts Solicit Solicitare Slctre Slctrear IIdt IIdtare
are permitted to chare about but twice twicemuch tw twicemuch al almuch
ar much when rtt hen the land ld c is u not under u r the Tr Trfer Ts Tsfer Tra Trafr
fer acts at Moat Ot of tIp property propry bowei boweiwith bowevwith how howwit
with wit which wh tit tIl the Government Ovrnlt Transfer Trer OC OCban Oilb
ban bA b to deal dlla 1s rcgi rjilwr regiawred wred tinder fr that tt act actWe at atWe artWe
We should point out that tt the te advar advarmade adancmade dnos dnosm
bult
pint
fixed loans and andetallment I Ietalirnent
made m are ar of two kindsfixed kinds klnsIXd a i iImnt
etallment loans loM The T former forr are a for Iii fliperiods Iiiperiods
periods Imnt Pr of years yvars a not nt exo e etoed1n dimsUnand dimsUnandnot dlnl Inan Wn and andbot do doDot
not differ dllr givatly Ntly from trm ordinary olnry privi privitriurtKageo prl prlrnurtg prr prrtmburt4age
triurtKageo at the prr cent ol for a t trm rm prnTears rmveor ot otn
Tears rnurtg except n pt that tht pr tli tll the mortgage mrtp has hasprivilege the therhU t tlithilege
privilege rhU of paying them tllm off of o at any tit titOnly tit titObutor tin tinOalyabouton
Oalyabouton Only about If one pTnR hundrd thousand thoUQfJ jwunds poun h hbn I Ibn
Obutor
bn n lent nt In this thll wiy Much llcb th the most t int intHOing Intr IntrtnC Iritteting
HOing tnC feature fea fsatureofthact of th tl act a th II the ifHvm sptemot rft m of oftallment il iltalmD I Iataflmnent
tallment talmD Uwion 10 und undr > r which hch more mo than t tmillions two twomlUon ti timillions
millions mlUon sterling rlla < has h already arar bo In n lent Mw o oThis ot otTh ot otThis
This Th not only provide pli the means rnaM for tern terning tmr tmrlog mpt mptIn
log In th the farmer tarr to t borrow Lrow but the te marlum marlumfor mal mariunffr MT
for tlr extricnting ntTI him hm from the t jTIPO grip cpot of hb hbdebtednoes hl In Indjbtf I Idebtednea
debtednoes djbtf The I sygtern aT rn aims alm4 at sorrxwl sorrxwlthe 8mwha 8mwhathe ecmswhthe
the the sarno object as that tt contemplated onntemplaUidthe Oatempla hy I Ithe
the Jewish Jew obj Jubilee Ju Undtr Gor tlM tll instament insta inl inlmet IOMJmont
mont met system m th thf borrower brwer pays py five fe ve P Pcent t tcent pr
cent cnt interest ltr but b hi hi yearly yy pa pament pr prrnt psrnt
ment rnt U i actually aulr ar a the t rate rAt of SIX Ix p pcent pr pront p pcent
cent ont one on per pr cent cnt of which wich goe goea 10 jose josea t ta
a Inking IIlnkln fund fn to t repay rpy the tb principal principalthe prcpl of oftM
the debt Thus TI aventythree eenttt halfyvai halfyvaiF hyarly hyarlyJyat haifyvirpsymeoth
F Jyat psymeoth > syment discharge dlehar the t debt db in thirt thirtvir thirtsir r i itlt
sir tlt years 1 and M a half hal Tim nl same a payme paymehn pymnt pymnthl paymehu
hn hl to t In I > made r every eTT half ypar but Jt as a 4 t tprincipal the ti tiprlnci i iprncp
principal prncp prlnci grows WI lees and a lees is the th thepartof part p of 0 t tpayment the theTrmnt tpayment
payment Trmnt required TJlr for intercut Intrt diminish diminishand dllDibl dllDiblan diininiahiergi
an and the th part pT added dd to t the 1 sinking ankln < fund iicrewh i icreates Ir Ircra
cra creates After Ar the th twentysecond twn1nd year yeu tlmortxageor tl the themraer timortgagcor
mraer mortxageor may mr have hae the t satisfaction satisfactionknowing autaln satiefeetionknowing o
knowll knowing that more mor of his bl six sx per pr cent ont M i is g tIng gIng I
than thanIwlng thanIJlng thanlaing
Ing toward t1 wiping wping out his bl principal princpl
Iwlng IJlng absorbed atlorb in II meeting mtnl interest Int8Tt Und Undthe Undr Undrlalmnt Undthe
the Installment lalmnt as under unlr the th fixed lxed syxtet syxtetth syMecthe 1tel
the t th mortgagecrmaypayoffthewholeof mortgagror mrlar may payoff p101 the whole whle of tP tPprlndpaland the thepracp I Iprincipal
pracp prlndpaland principal and Interest Intrt owing om at t anytime I anytImehe tm i iIw or orI
Iw I may my deposit dtpit not nt less I k than UI three thr pouni pouniIth pund pouncsith
sith Ith the superintendent sprnlendent end all 1 depodi depodiEO depia depiago
EO toextinguiahing tutlnglahln < the tb tb principal prcpl It I seen seenthat cn cnthat r rthAt
that In II March arh 1902 11 the tb Superintendent Superintendentthe 8uprinlpndnt of ofthe <
the Advances nn < e offioa om oo reported Tprpd that tt all al Instal Instalinents IntaU IntaUr lriatatroenL
r inents ata of interest itelIt and I principal princi prc > > al d due du to da dathad dahad dlt
ha had lxHn n collects colhcf and that no n dim sum un unmOf n nmained remakled
mOf mained outAtaodlng ouvtaol under uder these the beads aA On Onne Only Onlyon Onirjne
on rjne > ne mortgage motae had been bn foreclueed lor d dunn durir1m durn dunnhe
tl 1m six lx years yeal of the boards brd operations oprJn srhat sr anLhat nd ndtat
tat hat the tm superintendent Iprintndnt WAS able ab to a arithout se sewithout U Uwthut
wthut without loan If Of the t advances adToA made m It Iterorded Itrecorded i irr
rr recorded thsit tb sbrtythree 1iTtb per pr cent ont were 1rr a aUed ar artied p
> tied to t paying off o mortgage m previously pvlUy ej ejsting nIl exsting
p Il sting which wbib py had h been bll bearing ba a higher hhr rat ratif rat ratof rauf
of if f interest IntIt than five fe per pr cent ont We ahoul ahoullote aul4 aul4note sboultote
note finally taly that th la I the case c of installmet installmetrna inztaflmencane I1lnt I1lntlM
the advance be equal to three thrwIftha threeiftbs
rna may
lM t aao m b ea t
ffh Iftha of 0 the t value vu of the th security Ir1 if I it be bereehold b bereehold a afrhold
frhold reehold and a half h the t value T of the tbeItrt lease leeneeatArest leaseoterest
Itrt atArest where whr the t security ly is i leaaeholc leaaeholcIxed lhold laseholdIzed
Ixed loans most never exceed half the c cmated si silrcat
P l mt Dr e h t
Umt lrcat mated d value yaue of the property p to t be moi moiged mr mrpe mort morta mortU mortfore
a ged gedBefore
pe
I U
Before Bfore fore a compulsory ompulry arbitration ubtton law lw lwe wii wi wamacted
New He Zealand had bee beeIn beetaide
e macted i In I Z attempts ttp h bn bnm
m aide In Australia ut to t deal d with wit industr industrnftlets IUI IUIcnfc induatriaonitict
cnfc nftlets by optional optn arbitration ubltratn laws I No Nof Son Sonot Nona Nonat
ot f these tbe had b been bn ea at a an successful atul A corn cornmuleory coi coiutoory cm cmplry
plry utoory arbitration arbltUo law put pt on o the statu statuook att ItatUtook
bk ook in South Stb Australia AWU in 1M 1 also a fallc fallcmomlnloualy fal fal1snonrdn1ously
Ipmnluly momlnloualy We shall a here h confine c our ourlvs ou ouel ourclv
el clv lvs to the t New Ne Zealand Zd law both bt becaus becausItherto bu buhiter becaustitbeto
hiter Itherto it has b been ba generally lenera1 regarde regardei rre
a i successful aul and because bu It has b ha lately ltl beeiipied beei bD bDcpi beciopied
less 1 closely in New Soulalea Soul Boutlalee
cpi ipied more mo or o c0ly t Suth SuthWa
Wa alee and aD Weatera Australia Au itz i1i Drafted Dt i iMl i INi
11 Ml and u made m Dad a law toward t the te end e ini o oM 0 ci
1 M 4 the te th New Ne Zealand Z arbitration ubtUo act a ct ct ctto c caz cazrtto >
It rtto to force lor on Nw Tears y Year Day Dy IMS 18 The Thef Te sin sinthe a
f the t statute wt was w to t provide poTde a scheme ehee f fu lor foi foihe I
o t he u adjustment aUt of labor lr disputes dp fcelweelone fcelwee MtWr MtWrw betweetLnlco
Lnlco lone of o workmen wrkn on the te one aide ad an aniployers a a amployers
w thi thither theoter thithen
eply iployers or unions uoo of employers emplye on
then Of disputes between individual m mnd inst instnd
oter dt bt lcul me meand
and nd their br masters mn and a between bn employer employerad elyra elyraa tnployenmd
associated Iock I Ix It Ittok
ad bodice b of men m not D legally llalT at
tok a ock x > k no DDUo notice The Teecluon exclusion was wurude wurudeon groundei groundein
on n the belief bie that tt such Icb disputes d are a neithe neitheirge neitbetIrge
enough nor stubborn enough to cal calir calDr
Ip irge eoa D eub e t c
for ir State tt interference Intrer moreover m how oouli ooulin cl clan
nebulouj nebuloujlusters nebulots1uatas
an n award be b enforced eo against
lusters aw and a mere m shifting at groups 1p of units unitsne UNt unitsih
cu T h ne individual ivul employer empl might mft therefore therefore thefor theforb
b e the unit ulit on o the c one o on aide lde but only a unloi unloimild Unol Unolc unlommild
mild be b a recognised rs unit unt on the t other otherhe oter oterT otherhe
c T he disputes dlw to t be b dealt det with comprised oom a atatter all allmtra al alattsre
mtra tatter relating rlat to t work done or o to t be b don donr doneor
or I r to the privileges priTr rights rlht or duties dU of em emloyers employe emloyeys
workmen in industry industryFor
ploye loyers or worken any lny1Utr
For the t purpose of dealing dlnl with labor lbr con conicta conjets
nlt jets the colony oolnywu was to t be divided dvde into lat dls dlsietji dlirictit
trie ietji in each ech of which wWe a local lo board brd of con conMotion CO COe eondian
Motion might U petitioned for be b set at up upomposed upCmp upcomposed
e composed of equal eualnub pte numbers of masters mtT azxJ azxJeuwithanlmpartlal am amten
Cmp m ten euwithanlmpartlal with an impartial Imrti chairman chlnn At the re reuest reieet
qet uest of any a0 party pT to t aa a Industrial Ilt dispute disputedistrict duta dutat dispelte
t te district d board b was w ws to t call 01 the t other 0 par parj perIs
Ue Is j before bo it It and nd bear b examine eumo and award awardsoon a awardSOOfl
soon U a dispute stood referred to toard t a abrd I Icard
A 1 dt a ree
brd card ard of conciliation cdUtonl anything in I the nature natuif nt ntof
of f striking trl or locking lolnl out ot waa forbidden forbiddenfork lorbiddenWor forbiddenVork
Wor fork was to t go 1 on aa usual uu without wthout with withrawala wlthrewals It
dral rawala or dismissals dlmI for any Y cause cUI con conect c cneed ooncted
need ect cted d with the te dispute dpt The Th act armed thi thioarda t thiosrds
br oarda with wth the th fullest fut powers p owers for takinjridonce takinj t takinivfdonoe
erdeno ridonce and ad for compelling cplnttDo attendance attendanceA
A boards br award awardhoweer however howee was A not not to t V Viforcible beaforcible
ftorlbl iforcible by law but was only o to t be b i iiendlyireoommeJHiaUon I IdstdIyecommeedsUon
fried7fmmUon iendlyireoommeJHiaUon to the t th disputants disputantsi Cpt
of them t refused U Ucept 1icept
In a i case C ce these th or any an rie
a cept it any party might mlat appeal ap to t till thiourt tillourt
Cou ourt of Arbitration Abitrtin py or the conciliator eoncllatorueue1vte conciliatorlemselrni
tbemelTN lemselrni if I hopeless hpl of effecting Ielna a settle settlelent settltent t1 t1mft
mft lent might themselves theel send lIed a case cu thither thitherM tthe
T be M court cou waa w to t be b a tribunal tbl constetin constetina oDbUnc oDbUncof
of r a Judge Jup of th Supreme Sreme Court CU titling lt 1 t twident al alplet as asresident
plet resident with It two assessors er one a on select selectassociations selected
by 7 associations aoln of employers employ the other oth b bDerations bfeeUoM by bydmal1one
feeUoM Derations of trade tTe unions uloM The Te trio trlere tri trioere
wer ere to t be b appointed pplte for three th years 1 and anddefault ad adIn andI
In I default dfaut of bankruptcy bkrptc crime c or itwanlty itwanltyly 10Ity 10Ityonly imtanltyaly
only aly ly both btb houees hU of Parliament Pullrt were wee w to t havww have hA hApw haveDwei
ww to t remove rmo any any 1 of them th The Te court courtes oour oournot crt crtn
pw es not n to t be b fettered et by b precedents pet I Ijt It Ita
w a jt to t settle Ue He I iti own procedure and an heay hear hr hrany hearay
pu It chose cal calr callIn
any ay y sort or of evideeoe efo that tht chol to cl
for In r or listen letn to whether wbbf strictly troU lega legaridence leplevence legilridence
evence ridence or not Dt The hearing hf of 0 caaei caaeias cu
1 as to be b public publl or private prlvt as the court oourlight courttight
mllh light order orer The Te courts ours award ud could cul tx txiVen beIven
II Iven iVen Ve by b a majority maoriy of its It members membn wh whsre who wboWM whoSr <
WM Sr sre to t decide die in I such uh manner mner as al stoocitli stood stoodPith
wlU Pith e equly equity < 4uity and ad good g conscience conscienceIt cDlence cDlenceI
It I was U to t rest nIt with the majority mjority of theiemberu the thiembers themembr
membr embers of the Court Cout of Arbitration Arbitraton Uy U t toL7
L7 y whether whethe their tei award awa was w to have the thiirce thefore therce
fore irce of law or waa ia merely to be b in I the nature naturigood natureor
or r good od advice avie If I it i wan W to have leg legroe legal leg1lo legalrce
lo roe lo it wan w to be b filed tle In the Supreme Supremeurt SupremeDuit
Cour urt > and a would wou then Lbe hare hT the weight weighlan wellbtof
submission to an awardit award awardat
of r an a ordinary orinry lubml j jtb1
tb1 at U to t say IY any ay party prty to t it could ooul by byle leavthe leave leavethe ve veof <
of the Judge Jul get If an a order orer exacting enctnla a penalty penaltyr pnlty pnltytor
tor r breach breh of o it The Te penalty pnltY1M was not to tceeed toes toLOOM
eeed five 1 Y hundred bude pounds pund in the caw cawany caseany
es ot any ay individual Idh1UI employer emloyer or trade tr union unionloukl uin uinAhoul unioniouW
Ahoul loukl a unions unonl funds fUDdl be b insufficient Ieumclfat to toy
y the penalty plty each Nh member mlmbr of the union unions unon unonl
py l as s to be b liable lil to the th extent ett of not more morein moreIan
Costs were to tx be imposed imposedthe Imposedthedlecretlon
th Ian in ten pounds Ct e t b
pu
In the therllreon thedlecretlon discretion of the Court Cour of o Arbitration Arbitrationider Arltton ArlttonUner Arbitrationoder
Uner ider the Ue act at u first tt pawed pe the awardight award awardght
mllh ght not not have by ha force lor for longer than th two twoirs twoYMT two4T
YMT 4T irs On the th other othe hand h the award awa was wast w wnot
not t t to t be b appealed against aplDt or b b be quashed quashedany quashedrsny
by rsny any ay other aple tribunal trun tntbunalnorwere nor were wer proceedings proceedingsthe prlnp prlnpI proceedinthe
I the Court Cou of Arbitration Arbirton to be removed removedany removMto removedany
to any iY other tribunal tbual on any ay pretext prtet what whatWe whatcry ht htee
ee cry cryWe We ooeerrei o observe n vest etthat that tat the te right rbt to elect elects
s
the l conciliation cnclation boards bn and the as asof UST USTof aaseas aaseasof
of the Arbitration AbitrUo Court Cur was II to be beto bonl halO halOto
to t such leh bodies bi of masters mtere or workers workere i ior men menor in inor
under the theThe a aThe
or women wom as might register uder at atT
The T number of persons needed to form for i iof 0 0of
of these t Iulbr bodies ble pn was A in 115 iec US e fixed fxe as I Ia 10 10u It Ita
a u five aT fti r When registered they thjY were er to tocalled tocalled M Mc
called industrial We regtr unions and an virtually ruly t tcame b bcme t tcame
c indWr uun
came cme corporations rrpraUo1s with power ower to h hland bold boldland hO hOland <
land to sue al and ad bo b uHI u i and to reco recoiluee rtndues
dues Ilue from frm their te memrru mbcl One Ot of the ft ftproceeding ftiProceedings ft ftJllng
proceeding Jllng under the th act a was w a aection KUCCOW KUCCOWaction u ul ulacon
udr
f ffrom ffrm to tofrom
action by a trade union to recover rYr
acon tT
from frm a defaulting member membr The Court CourtArbitration CcurtArultrtlon ur ot otArltntlon
Arbitration Arltntlon and nd the le conciliation rnclatlO boat boatwere br brer beerwere
were er not nt only to have bae Jurisdiction JuNlclo over overemployers ofr al i iemployvrs
employers emploT and ni all al unions union of o workers orke res resterm rea reatn regi regitre4
term tre4 under uder the arbitration ubtrUou act a but bt o oall fver fveral ov ovall
tn
of the themight tbmeht the thefllifJIt
all al trade tr unions unons though Ihouh some 8me
might meht be b regi regitered t rd d only onl under uner the tnw trH trHunon trad tradunion
1 rel tradeunl tradeunlcould trad trades wth wthcould
union
unon act ac Any master mtr or any ay uon uonou
could ou be b brought bto ht into ino the Court Cour of Arbiti ArbItrlion Arbitilion Arltr i iI
I lion if ho or it were a party to a labor lbr d dpule dls dl dlpole I IpilI
pole pilI > It I was w however pry only the tb unio unioand unlol uniotand I IAd
and Ad associations cation that tt registered gltll special epeciaunder specialunder lr lrue
under the arbitration on act which could uld n nin vt o oIn I IIn
ubtr a
in ue the th election eleion of the conciliation rnclatioa bOard boanand blr blra bOardand
and the ejweenors r of the Arbitration Airtion cow eouiBy c cowBy
a t te
By not Dt registering reLtrg under tb t the act a trad tradunions trl tradtuiloni
unions unon simply amply lot lo th to the right rrht of voting ot f ftheee for forth fthese
theee th offlcera omct If I in any district dlrc a union unionworkers unionworkera
workers worker were WfT to register N ter but no 10 qo union unionemployers unionemployers o oemplor
emplor employers were er to do so A or vice Y vic versa TeT t tGovernor t tOovernor
Governor in Council might nominate tl tlconciliator th thconethators
Gowor Coucl reh nODnae te teoonltora
conciliator oonltora required reuir to make mke up a board boardIt b
tl tlpawing tbe tbepng lb lbpas1ng
It seems m that for some Ir years yr after afe
pawing of the act act one on or other of the 3 3preroe SUo SUoprem Sc Scpremne
preroe prem Court Curt Judges Judg did dd the work wor of pr prsiding p prsiding
siding over ovr the Arbitration Abition court our in add adctlon ad addtion
tion to his ordinary Odn duties dut By IftOO 10 hoe hoeever ho1ever how howeer
ever the arbitration rlttlon work ark had h become becomeheavy bme becomeheavy 8 8heav
heavy heav that tht an extra extr Judge of the Suprer SuprerCourt SupTme SupTmeCour SuprernCourt
Court Cour was Wa appointed pplnte on the t undewtandl undewtandlthat ueltdlng ueltdlngthat underetandicthat
that hi h hut time tlml was wa chiefly cef1 to be b given to t t tArbitration tbe tbeAritrtion II IIArbitration
Arbitration Aritrtion courts oour A noteworthy nteory featuof featu teture tetureof featutof
of the statute 5tut was the provision for the fllli fllliin funiii lng lngIn
in the Supreme Suprm Court Cou of contracts cta enbodying ei eibodying em embTng
bodying working conditions cndltionl agreed a upiby upi upn upnby upcby
by bTng employers mploerl and unions uNoaa These Tb doci docimenta do doment dcccmerits
merits ment called clle Industrial agreements grmat wet wetto were wereto werto
to be b when hen filed 11M binding for the perkmentioned perk prod prodrentloDf perlementioned
mentioned rentloDf in I them thfm provided proide it did dd not e er ex ci cireed I
reed r > d three Lbr years Te We are a told that numbe numbeof nurnbeiof
of these t agreements agemeu have been n voluntari voluntarientered olutarily olutarilyenter I Ientered
entered enter into it is I also all a practKe of the te Arttration Art Al Altrton Azbration
the to n dl dlpute dlpute dIputs
ration trton Court Curt to order orer parties prtie 1
pute to execute OIt an a industrial Indutra agreement agreementWe agmcnt I IWe
We pass to Mr n JIe Ibevete ve s account aunt of tlworkings tl the theworlf thworkinge
workings worlf p of the th act but we should premli premlithat preml premltht premisthat
that tht as his h book bk resins fm to have hTe been h n writti writtinot wlen wlennt writtenet
not later than thn the autumn utum of 1901 lD he wan W m moognirant not nccogTzlxant I Ioogiunt
oognirant oogiunt of certain Cran recent nt signs Ng of seriot seriotfriction serioufriction roua I
failure Mr Ir Reeve Reevirelies Reeverc1Ie
friction frcOll not to say IT faiue R I
relies rle mainly mnly on the report made mde by Jud JudBackhouse Judge JudgBackhouae I
Backhouse Bkhow who was despatched dfpUhe rep by the te Coy Goieminent Coyeminent G
eminent of New South Sut Wales Wae to aooeKAl aooeKAlthe urn urnt asoertalithe
t the truth trtb about abut the matter mter and Id pursue pursuehia pWued pWuedb pursuehis
b his inquiries inqurH in Hew Zealand Zand from frm March Marchto Mab 21 21to 2 2to
to May yl 111001 11 101 1901 during du which hc time tme he paw pawup paise paiseup
up and down dow the te colony oolon and Id crossed C i iThe It ItTe itThe I
Te The outcome of his h observations o1ror was thai thaiup tt ttup thattip
up to t that tt time tm the th act at notwithstandin notwithstandinwme Dotwthtndng DotwthtndngIm
manifest fault had been productT productTat
Im some mtt fau h bn puc
of good It I had h prevented prTMted strikes IItrike of an annagnitude aY aYmtue anrnagnitude
nagnitude e said ad and had h on the wbolnought whole wbolebrought wholebrought
brought mtue about but a better bttr relation Iatoa betwei betweimployers btWt btWttlployera betweelemployers
and than would exist exisf existIf
tlployera employers ad employees eplye tb oud eist eisttlo
tlo If f no such lo law were er operative oprtv It had h cause causeueetion cu causequestions
qufon questions ueetion relating to the th increase inC of wage wagtnd WA wagemd
and nd to other matters Ittra in II dispute dlpuI betweei betweeirorkmen bwen bwenworkn betweiworkmen
workn workmen and a capitalist to t be b settled ated with witlut wth wthout withDot
cpt
out ut the friction frcion and biUerneos bltm of feelin feelinrhioh feUnl feUnlhoh feeUni feeUniwhich
which hoh otherwise oLberil might have obtained obtnf I Iuid 1 1ad It Ith
h uid ad enabled eble employers fmploYeT for a time tun at At leas leaso let lett
t 10 o know ko with wtb certainty crnty the condition oondldoD o oreduction of ofproducton oproduction
producton production reduction and therefore terfore to t make me con conaota cn cnrta eonriots
rta riots with wt the assurance uo that tht they t wouli wouliable woud woudb
1 able to fulfil them Indirectly the ae aead enhad
b a t t u Iy t a
h ad tended tde to t produce prc a degree dc of harmon harmonjoong ho bannonimong
joong the people pt generally gey which whc musberG mus musv mu
h berG v worked for the welfare welt of o the t colony oolonjk olollY olollYTery
4 k very large 1p majority mJorty of the th employers epyera o oibor ot otlr olabor
lr labor whom wom Judge Jug Backhouse BkoU interviewe intervieweeclared Jntmewe Interviewecedared <
doue eclared themselves t ve in I favor of the t prindpl prindplif prcp1
of if f the te law lw Only O nly one 0l did dd he b meet m who sailut sail ud udout asicut
out > ut and a out out I would wou rather rthe repeal r It it an aniave Id Idhv ancaye <
hv aye a straight arlht itandtip Etdlp fight tht while whe antber an anlber another
other > was w doubtful doubtu whether wbeler the t present prlt con conition conlitlon I
dUon ition was w better bttr than tbA the preexisting p xl one oneJudge oneJod oneJudge
Judge Jod Backhouse BkU pointed pin out In his h re retort r reort I
tort r that the awards ra had h generally cr beet beein
In n favor of the t workers workra and a he thus tu fount fountt fouc
It t easy ey to understand udtrnd that tht the unionist nionIstio
to 0 a man mn should bud believe bn in I the act c whil whilhe whle whletM whilthe
tM he nonunionists nonunnl so 1 far aa his hl observe observaIons obr obrtlon observeIons
tlon Ions went ent found foud no n fault fut with it Oi Oihe Onthe Orhe
the he part of tho men he h met me with wit none nlle o ohe ot otthe ohe
the he pr opposition oppltlon to t compulsory cmpury arbitratioi arbitnatiorrhich arbitratioirhlch aitrtin aitrtinwhich
which is so 8 pronounced prnuc in England EI1nd and ad th thnited the thetnlte thLxilted <
tnlte nited Bute In the opinion opiion of Judge Judgiackhouse JudgeBCkW JudgiLlackhouse <
BCkW iackhouse however the time tie had hd not nt ye yeome yet yetrme yelioma
rme ome when whn it could cu1d be 0 mid fk with any ny ap apiroach aproach
prcb roach to certainty cnalt that tht the compulsory compulsoryrbitratkm ompu ornpu1soryirbitnitlon r
artratin rbitratkm act ac would ould provide prTde for the solu soluion soluIon lu lutoD
toD ion of all labor labr troubles troublf Since Rlnc It becami becamiperative bme bmeoptTe becsmtperative
optTe perative In New Ne Zealand Znd everything enrhc untl untloentiy uti untteoenUy
rnt oentiy haa h ha been bn in I favor Ivr of an n Inoreaai Inoreaaithe lnoreaecn
I n the t eaattmenu t and an of an a ameliora amelioraIon amelra amelraln amelioraIon
Ion ln of the th conditions rndtdon of ol labor and a theft theftan thennn t
be doubt that would liavi liaviinen ba havt1sen
C an b no n dubt tt wages wg wuld e erln
rln inen It there tbr had hd been ben no act ac From FronM Frm FrmI From8g5
I 8g5 M coward onwar New Zealand Zd advanced ava 01 01n 01 01an ocIn
an n everIncreasing everIncall wave wa of prosperity prosperityprosperity p prosperityI prity prityprpnt
I prosperity prpnt due largely lr < ly to a favorabli favorablilarket fnorablemrke favorabitnanket
mrke larket for Its It it exports epr which whch In I the year yearla yeaa00
la a00 00 were valued IU at at upward upd of 149000000 149000000hese IOO W0O00OOrhese
of commodities whicl whicliwre whtcre
Tla hese exports expr were wer ommtee whih whihre
iwre re in no n way affected aeced directly dirly by the thirbltratlon te tearblttlon theLrbltratlon
arblttlon rbltratlon act ac such lucb as a wool wol frozen fru mut muton mu muton
lon on kaurigum kaul kaurl gum < m Ao o For moat ma of the thinanufaoturers themuaouera thnanufacturera
muaouera nanufaoturers on the other hand hd the te mar maret mr mrke marSmet
ke met et is 1 exclusively ecluively within wltb the colony ooln anc anct and andt nd ndIt
It t t IJ U I a market mrkt largely guarded gre for the cob cobzial colo coloital 010 010nlal
nlal ital producer prucr No doubt doub New Ne Zealand Zealandiss Zld Zldha
ha iss had Us It unemployed umploe for there are artlien areIdlen arediere
lien in Iel every community oomuty but bu with ltb BUT BUTIUA stirIua u uphllabr
phllabr > IUA labor arising a from frm any ny cause aUla it I dealt dealty
by y employing employig it in I coperatlve oo prtve works worksiving wrk worksIv1ng
but facill facillles faciliice
iving not only employment employent bt fc
Ufl ice for settlIng on the land ld On th thrtole the thewl therbote
wl rtole up u to t the present pret time tme the supply nupplf luply luplyof supplyf
of f skilled knP labor labr does d not seem m to have beei beeio bn bnt been
t 00 > o great let Judge Jud Backhouses Bkho hope hop was waitiat 11 11tht washat
tht hat Industrial induarll depression deprllalon might miht be b farslant fAr fai1st fArdilant
dilant 1st slant ant but bu he added ad When Whn lean len year yearomeas yearsomneaI
must unless the world1Istory world1 worldailstom7
comU omeas come they tby mu uel worll
hll Istory leads ledl us u to a wrong n conclusion conclusionS onclllon onclllone
e B to the th future lutuwhen futurewhen when there tr will wU be b our ourtilment ourtaent ourailment
taent ailment instead Inlt of expansion explln and nd when wheiragec whenwagp whenragee
wagp ragec will wl be b cut cL down dwn Instead d of being belniilscd big bigral beingatoed
ral ilscd by wardthen awards then and not n till ti then thenM thenrn thenan
rn an M anyone speak lIpk with Ith authority uthorty as A t thether to towhethr torhether <
whethr hether the th principle prcipe involved Involv is 1 work workbio workable workblo
able bio or not notWe notWe notWe
We have hve said ld that tt Mr M Beeves Rne accepts acceptsudge aptl acceptsudge
udge Backhouses Bckoue report reJr as fairly tarly repre reprenlallve repre repreHenttve repreentative
Henttve nlallve of the facts fats In his hi judgment judgmentowever judent judentheweer judgirtentowever
heweer owever It overestimates o eretll the effect ee of the therbltratlon thearbltrton therbltnatlon
arbltrton rbltratlon act at In raising rlng price price Six years yearsf yer yerof
of f prosperity pTp rlty bringing brnDI as a they the1 did an ankcrea AnIDN anereaised
IDN kcrea ereaised ed demand for manufactured mnfatured goods goodsid aood goodsad
hd id enabled fnbleo sellers Iler to ask Qk more for certain certainrtlclea certan certanalle certainrtlciefl
alle rtlclea The Te price prco of other articles artlN had ha not notone n nlone notone
lone one up though their tei manufacture mnuatue was wasinled wasazvied U Ucaied
caied inled on under ur awards audl Was W there ever everiks eVrakl evereke
akl eke Mr Reeve ef a period prlod of prosperity prosprlt in a alony aclony aDIofly
clony lony > without Ubut a rise rl In the te price of several severaltides aer1 aer1artcle severalrticks
artcle tides of consumption oonmptlo He thinks thn more morew mre mreor morewr
that Backhouses report takes takesither takesether
or w Judge Bakhou861 repr tke tkerther
rther ether too to roseate rto a view of the feeling feelingf felng
01 f f employer employer A section ton of them thmct themnot not a asry aveT aery
veT sry large ncction fton perhaps prhapdo perhapsdo do cordially cordiallyisUke crdally crdallydlUke cordiallyIslike
isUke tho law A larger number nmb thoughisslve though thougbpul thoughaesive
pul isslve 1 would not say IY anything aDyhlng in ap aproval aprevel
proal revel of It It in I suggested IUlgte that the arbl arblation ubitrtin azhiatItn
trtin ation system Iltem in Now Zealand Zand owes 08 more moretan mre mrethn morean
thn tan the te Backhouse Bkhoul report rer indicates Indicate to the theelusion tbeeculion theacluslon
eculion elusion of lawyers lawYlrl from Us UI proceedings prcnp prcnpto proceedingsth
to 1 the tte th continued contlmlf friendliness Irmdlln of the Colonial Colonialirllament Colonia Colonialanliament
Pllent irllament to t the steady Itndy determination determinationthe detenton detentonof
of r the publio pbUo publioto to t give cvelt It a fair fa trial tria and to t the t tb
high hla level leTe of intelligence Intel nc and respect reapectlaw rt lor lorlaW I Ilawlualloleasee
law laW lawlualloleasee in afl classes So S Sofarlihas far it I has suceeec suceeecI succeed succeedIn u uIn
I In New ew a Zealand 2d It might mcht not nt succeed succeedcountries succeedcountries In InctntlH
countries ctntlH where men n1a like lie rougher ruch metho methoand methoand meo
and a prefer prefe wrf to fight ft for the t whole wb rather r tt ttaccept tn tna thaciept
accept a pt a part pt of what wbatthey bt they te think thn their d dNo diNo
No outcome outom of the New Ht Zealand 1 d comp cmpul cmpulBY compsory corapsory
sory BY arbitration abtn law 1 was so e novel DVe or i iexpected un unupe U Uexpected
expected as a the Le giving preference preferencei pere preferenceuniomt n to touloD
i union upe uloD In lncertajn certain crtn trades lrde gvn so I long Inl bugle as a theyc theycsupply tl theycsupply cn cnIpply
and ready to t fill fillcanciee liiicandee n net
supply Ipply men mn qualified qualif a rT < fl
canciee none non has h been bn so A much mu and andangrily ad andangrily 8 8cIT
angrily et attacked atke In the colony oloy or is I I Ilikely 1 1liely Ic Iclikely
likely liely cIT to t be b approved pproT by economists enomel economIatseii economIatseiiwhere et etwhere
where Curiously CuI enough enugh this Ull prindi prindiwaa princple princplewa prmciwas
was wa laid ld down by b the Court Cou of Arbitral Arbitralat Arblutn Arblutnl
at l the very outset oullt The Te leading case C4f on onwaa onw It Itthe
waa the ve award in the tb Federated Feet Boimakers Boi Bt Btmlru Bocmakeri
makers mlru dispute dlpu awa decided dede in UM U and ad t tbest tl ti tibest
best bt statement ltetnt of the t practice prtic since oft oftfollowed oftfollowed
followed toowe la I found loun In the th Judgment Judgent th thgiven ther therClvfn the thegiven <
given by Mr H Justice luUo Williams WilliamsSpeaking WilliamsSpeaking llm
Speaking Sakig as president pldent of the tie cou couhe cuulhe
he b pointed pinte out that tt for three tr years T1 the t tx txshops bt btao hoshops
filled soli soliwith oIe oIewith
shops ao had ha In practice plo been n fe lolely lolelywit
with wit unionist unlnl and ad laying liDI streeu It on 0 ti tifact wi Ufact
fact he Indicated that In later oar oarcourt eases t tcourt
fa h indl tt I ltr C
court cur would wou give weight welgbt to t what bt ap apto appear appearto
to be b the t custom Ct I of each eb trade te It woi woireserve woureserve ould ouldrMe
reserve rMe the th right to t decide dlde each ec c cstrictly ca castdetyon
strictly ttrl stdetyon t1o on Its It I merit mts This TlllthAdonad TlllthAdonadthough It has done a athough an anthough
though a preference prferno has ha been b granted grantedunionists Sante grantedunionists to tounlts
unionists unlts in more mor than tn fifty fft cases c it I I loften Ioften
often ofte been tn refused When Whn refusing refusingwhere refusingwhere ui It Itwbre
where wbre it has b ru not been bn customary ctma or d dnot d do donot
not seem s equitable futable the court cou has b bsatisfied bet betaatfsfed
satisfied Itlfe to order employers emploYI not to d dcriminate dl dlcrminate di dicriminate
orer
criminate crminate against IDt unionists unlonlt Mr M Beeithinks Beei ITf ITfthln Resvthinks
thinks thln that tht in New Nt Zealand Zld laborunionii laborunioniiare labuolt labuolta
tin tinthey th ththey
are a Ii more entitled entil to a preference pmero
they are afl in countries cntrit where their thflr unio unioare unioiare
are not incorporated Incrrale and consequent consequentcannot cnluently cnluentlycnot ccnsequentlcannot
cannot cnot be b sued He points poltl out that tht t tNew II IINew
e
New Se Zealand Zad arbitration ubltratol act a deliberate deliberateencouraice delbrately delbratelyenCura dellberateencourages
workmen to organize Whin Wh When WhenID Whein
encourages enCura < workmn
in obedience obien to the th law lw they thf renoun renounstriking renounstriking
striking trikin and Id register reglte as I Industrial IdUtrL union unlorit uiOl uiOlIt unionit
it does dOf not ne seem I aralaa ml that they shou shoureceive shoureceive
consideration Th Thexertions Tbelr TbelreXArl The Theexrnttozcs
receive rt e some re special lpl cnldeton
exertions eXArl and outlay outly In successfully su tu11 co coducting cn cnducing colducting
ducting ducing arbitration cases cn benefit bnet no nounionists non nonuloDlsla rzoiunionists
unionists uloDlsla as 8 well wel as themselves tbhe thou thouithe though thoughtbe thouthe
the nonunionists onuionltl have hye done d nothing nothinghelp noting nothinghelp to tohep
help hep them Nor need the prefererx prefererxentail prefern prefernenll preferencentail
entail enll any hardship halhp upon upn their employer employeiNonunionist eployeT eployeTNonunlonlt employerNonunionist
Nonunionist Nonunlonlt labor labr is I usually uuIT valued eith eithbecause sithbecauAe
because b it in i cheaper chea or because bue it is mo mopeaceful more morepafu rnoipeaceful
peaceful pafu But under the New Zealar Zealararbitration Zeatararbitration zald zaldubltrallon
arbitration law nontmionUts nonunlonlt must mlt g gthe gt gttho gthe
and union unionitrikes unlonistrikes
the same ae pay as a unionists unlo1ta ad uionist uionistIItrlk
IItrlk strikes ue ar abolished abllhed It I is I only the tht no nounionists non nonunlonltl notunionists
unionists unlonltl in n a trade where wher there ther is i iaward DO DOawr r raward
award in I force forc who ho ran strike and whr whrthough whnthough br brtoug
awr though rarely and then only in I peti petigroups ptty pttyruupdo pettgroupedo
toug therefore to tin thiextent tinextent
groupedo groups ruupdo do They are rt theor
extent the more mor dangerous danlU servants NT8ntl servantsthe i ithe
th the two Neither l be it I noted note does f i iemployer a aemployer
employe employer who ho has ha only nonunion noaulon men i ibis I I Ihis
his hl factory fary stand Itad dear c of the th act a No Noigain Sor Soraln Nolagain
aln again can cn lie le take tae himself b lf out ot of it k kdischarging by bydag ii iidisthargng
discharging his union uion hands bd and pleadlr pleadlrthat pteeAinthat
dag that he baa h none non in hie hi h1 employ If a aiward t tiward
iward has h been ben made mde dealing deing with wih tl tltrade thtrade
trde trade wa in i his hl district dltlct he is I bound bud by it i imuch u umuch a amuch
much aa ore a his hil competitors oomptltr who bo emplcinlon employ employuon emplounion
union labor laborWe lar larWe laborWe
uon We should bear bar in I mind that in Ne NeZealand Sew SewaIAd NeiZealand
Zealand aIAd wherever heTvr it cannot cannot be b show showthat ho hohat
tha hat the existence nlatc and aim am of a wile traicire uio uioa wileIre
in its I trad tradLS trsdiIs
workmen
a ire a help to t other tde tdeel
LS well el as to its It own members membr and ad pa paicularly pr prtiulrly patticularly
tiulrly icularly where wher union men are ae but a fraiIOD feat featLIon
ton LIon of those to working workle at at a given trade lrde r rreference no noJlrfe npreference
Jlrfe preference reference nc will wi be b given to gven unionists ulonlt by byjourt byor bymirt
gn
or jourt of arbitration abltaton This Tl was a clearaid clear clly cllylad clanlaid
lad aid down by Mr r Justice JutC Edwards Eud in gh gleng ghng T TIl
Il ng the th lb award awad In the Christ t Church Churh eng engteers engl englne engiee
ne teers ee case in I IMft 111 1 The Te Th claim o1 of the unit uion uionto unitto
to 0 a preference pretMnc in I employment empJot In I my opir opiron op opliten
on necessarily nel11a fails when wbl it 1 is 1 ascertains aecertalnehat
I
tht hat the th union uoa is inot not really rly representaliv representalivf rpntatlve rpntatlveot
ot > f the greater gaW number nub of workmen eniloyed em employe emdoyed
ploye iloyed in the trade t and a the claims clml of th thinlon thinion
uion inlon have h not IOt resulted rut in I any practice prcticiwaeflt practcal practcalbeft practicetenefit
beft waeflt to the te bulk bk of the worknen work 1 1Jew I iiew
Jew ew Zealand Zd moreover mrTer the unions ulol t tchose to towhO tchose
whO chose member membr preference prele nc in I employ employnent empl01ment employnent
nent is i given must mut not be b close fruildi fruildiis jUd
gen trade societies societieilie societiesrite
u is are a certain cr English Ell eietle eietleT
T lie Court Cou of Arbitration Arbitrtion tees ees to loll It the lhaulea thetiles
tiles and entrance entranC fee feee fe are ar reasonabl reasonablmd runabl reasonabiuid
re md light 1ht otherwise othenl no preference preterno will wi b branted btrant4d
trant4d ranted rant The Te president prsdent of the court cour i ileallng In Indeal ii iiieallng
deal leallng with this thl point pit said lad Not th theast t teast
leut east important Iprt matter mttr for eonsideratlo eonsideratlon con lderatlon lderatlonIn
In n each eb case C must mut be b whether or not tb tbinlon Ihe Iheui tbinlon
ui inlon la practically pracicaly open opn to each e6h pentoi pentoiimplored pcreoitxnployed wm wmemplOe
emplOe implored In I the trade tde who desires deirel to joindr join joinrlr JoinIr
rlr Rnevees IITea conclusion concluloa U 1 that a union unloirhloh unionwhloh unfoebloli
rhloh may my not strike atrke and may mlY not not shu shulut Ihut Ihutout shuUt
out any iY decent decnt workman orkm in I IU It trade wh whriahes who whowlh whivishes
wlh riahes to join joi it is I a union uion left lft with littl littltower lttl littiiower
tower for mischief mihel however much It ma mala may maydo malo
do per la legally legly and peaceably pbly for its It member membernd membercud
ad nd their nonunlonUa nonunont fellow tello workmen workmecly workmenby
by ly y organizing ornlzc probing grievances grlenc n nPgo nPgolating go golatlng
ttlng latlng arbitrating arbltttl and ad watching watchne the ob obervanoe obrno obervanoe
ervanoe rno of awards awar We e add ad that Uat ih ihward the theawa thiiward
awa ward of preference prfernc to unionists uonltl does dO no nolestroy not noleetroy
delroya lestroy a masters rtl right rht to t pick and chooa chooamong cbol cbolamon cizoosimong
amon mong Individual idivdual workmen workn Before Btore leav leavng lea Ieayog
lac ng this Lbl subject ubje we should eboud note not that tat li lifew Iiew I
few ew Zealand Zd working women have hav in inoked Invoke inpoked
voke poked the t aid ad of the Arbitration Abitton act a t tood tciood
god iood ood purpose pur though thoUlb not nearly as otter oftois
s men Female Fere typesetters t1Uera have beet beeteclared beezleelared
dela eclared entitled enUte to be b paid pd on the thl sam sanvcale ame ameI samcal
cal cale I as male me printers prnter and women em emloyed employe erailoyed
ploye loyed In n the boot bot factories faore have sharec sharecn Ihar liare <
In n 1 the benefit bnefta of the awards wr regulating regulatlniheir rllatlnc rllatlncthei regulatingheir
thei heir trade Of al a afl female fele factory fatry hands handshn hd handshe
the hn tailoreeses tlo probably pJobbl owe most mot to t thirbltratlon the theArbitraton tinLrbltration
Arbitraton rbltratlon law 11 Those T in Auckland who whoondltion whoeondition b bondlton
ondlton ondltion before btor the year Tel 165 was a In sonx sonxwen II somacseem
C wen bad b gained an Increase Ince in wage wageiitlmated wagestimated g gItiat
Itiat itlmated at IK 1 per p cent Ot and an a agreemen agreementat alumet alumett sgreemerihat
t tat union uio women should aou1 not no be b shut out OQIf out outof outf
of f any ay workshop orbho and ad that tt no n prefenmcx prefenmcxaould prfersncbould
all aould be b given gTn to nonunlonlste nonunlonlsteMr
m U
Mr r Reeves RTI considers oonliMT some n of the objec objecons obje objelone <
tlon lone ons to U > the New Zealand land Compulsory Cmpulr Arbi Arhiration Arbiration Arbitraton
traton ration act a that tht have lae been bmlU urged < by writer writerho writersrho
who ho have he predicted prie that tht the th law lw cannot cannoting cannotng nnt nntlone
lone ing continue ontnue to command oomnd obedience obedienceie obienc
We ie e are a told tld that tht so 1 soon an as the law lw la I put putthe putt putthe
t > the t strain ar of public pbl paaalon plon and ad excite excitetent e1te e1tement ezcitetent
ment tent It must mua break brk down dwn through throuh the theifusal therfUI theefusal
rfUI ifusal of either labor Ibr or capital oplt to t obeyIt obey obeyU ooy ooyIt
It U I is II unquestionably ufl1tlnbly true t that tt a law lawirmot lw lwcnnot lwinnot
cnnot irmot enforce enlor an employer emplyer to t carry cr on onIn onhi onIa
hi In buslnesn bWlne if I he h refuses refUe to t do d eo A except excepti
on a i hi hb own ow terms Neither Seithr can cn n it oblige obligethousand oblge oblgethun obligethousand
thousand thun men rn to t work wrk If they refuse rfu to toork towork toork
work ork That Tt Is II indisputable ldlpuUble But Bu how howlany ho homy howlany
my lany employern emp11em asks alk Mr M Reeves Ree will willivo 11 willlye
lye up business bwlne rather rlher than thn accept a p the therard theward
ar gve ward of a court oour whose honesty hOIsty is unquen unquenjned uque uquetonf unqueconed
tonf jned upon upn some me dispute dl pte or some Ime detail detal detailr
of r 1 a dispute Employers Eplor are re not nt given Kven toilning to tolining torlia
rlia lining themselves tomlv merely le ly because bu they theyay theymr theylay
mr ay not ot like lie the te decision deln of an a impartial impartialibunal Impril Impriltribu impartialIbuna1
tribu ibunal An employer emplyer who has b the choice choicetweeo choicebtweo choicemtweeo
btweo tweeo accepting acping a legal decision delin arrived arrivedafter arrtvdi
at i after aler painstaking Inquiry Iqry and of ofilng 01hini ofting
hini ting taken tkfn p into court cu and nd fined fne will willtnoet wl willroost
ahnot roost always alyl accept ap the thl decision deelon Inr7 In Inry Inlry
lry ry few eaten cll he may my run r the risk ri k of being beingled beingned
fned led once oac but bu he will wi not nt lay ly hlf himself open opena
to a second eld penalty pnlty That Tt at at all al events eventsIB e eventIs nta ntahu
hu IB been bn the th usual UUI experience exrenc in i New Newaland NewEaland SewZaland
Zaland aland To the th perfectly pely true tre assertion assertionat arlon arlontht
tht at a court cu of arbitration arbittin cannot cnt coerce coercesde coerceads
tre ads unions uDlonl Mr Reeves R replies rplN that thatmttr as asmatter asmatter
matter mttr of fact flc po Jryriel povertystricken rtystrirken unions unionsmpoeed unin uninomp witonatmpOeied
mpoeed of penniless ple workers workr are only onlyo ony onytn
omp tn o thankful to accept aOp the decision delion of a aate I aate
Stte ate tribunal trbul If I they they cannot nMOt often strike mrikqplnst strikesbs trlk trlkI
plnst sbs I a powerful peru employer emplo ni1oer rl much less le i
can C they te hope hop to btarre ta out a court courtarbitration cou courtarbitration ot otartrUn
arbitration artrUn Its I decision delon may my not nt al altether at atghr alt altgetbor
tether ghr pleawe pl them tm but bu It U L all al they i ilikely lr s slikely
likely lkely to get The Arbitration Abitrton Cou Coutherefore Coutherefore Cour
therefore therfore in as potent pteut tent to deal dlul with wih wit tra traunlona trde trdeuiol tiaunions
unions uiol as 81 with wih employers emplol Rich Rch unions unionscan unIon unionscan It Itca
can ca fine te PnnUe Penniless unions uln are r unable unablefight ublr unablefight 0 0fht
fight fht it it Hitherto ltbr moreover lorver at It it Its bn bnhas hahas uek uekh
has h he b been i the mighty mghty force tor of public publc opEn oplnlwhich oplniln oplnilnhl opEnwhich
which hl is I sick elk of labor Ibr wars war and letermln cker dotenninthat < letermlnthat
that the experiment xrmnt of judicial julcl sdju sdjument sdjwmont adjUt adjUt1t
mont 1t shall lhl have ha e a full tul and fair trial trialMr trl trlr trialMr
Mr r Reeve nT denies den I himself hlMI the tl plcaft plcaftof plue plueof picasuof
of speculating on the possibility rIbll of appl applIng apply applyIng applIng
Ing 1flatng the principles of the New7ealand New Ne1lnd Zealand irE Arltration Abi Abitraton irEration
ration traton act to oMer oJ1rr countries CunlrlP He HI dO dOprume do donot < U Unot
not presume prume to t preach a wjrmon fron on oneconomic t teconomic the theNnomlo
economic Nnomlo wants wat of old and nd great ci cimunities C crmunltlea I Imunlti
munities munlti He reocgnirw that the vei veinWre e enature err errnwl
nature nwl of a compulsory cpulr rczf arbitration arbitrationdemands abitr on At Atdemn a ademands
demands demn aa a condition cndtion precedent prtent to to it I n nonly not notony nonly
only that tt reformer retone In a given communl communiaball communlhall cmmuiy cmmuiya
hall a ony desire der to t see l It made me trial of but th thpublic that thatpubUo thpublio
public opinion opinon aLoe shall ll have been bn ed edcated edcateduptowlabforlL u uct
cated ct cateduptowlabforlL up to wlah wl for fu it It Compulsory Compur arbitr arbitrtlon Irbltra Irbltrat arbltrlion
lion t In any country cntry is 11 likely to have h ve to wi wiuntil wt wtuUI irauntil
until uUI the public publc catches ctchf at ft I as BI an a instr instrment iMtnmet instrmerit
merit met of relief rlf and ad until uUI trade te unions uNon arc Ul areof Nck Nckot i iof
of industrial Indutrl warfareAn warfare warfareAn ara
An A oldage pensions act At went into Int open opertion opr opention
tion ton in I New Zealand Zd pnon in i Jan 1898 The Te Uis U I Lais
is i not of universal UNn operation oprtloD nor does doesInvolve do doesinvolve It ItIvolve
Involve Ivolve any aYlhme scheme of payment pyent of conti contibuttons cntr contibuilorIS
buttons bton by prospective proptie bneBcarlP beneficiaries t tthough Al Althou A Athough
though thou the population pputon of New Zelai Zelaiis Zland
is 11 a little ltle over ov MOOOO MO the tt number numbr of peeons pe pesons pr
sons 1 entitled fnttl to receive he pensIons pnaloM at the ei eiof end endot enof
of March Hrch 1002 10 turned tu out to be b but 1271That 1271 12iil 1277That
That Tt U lees than onehalf onehlt of the aged agedall ale agedall ot
all 1 classes c in the te colony clony but it It must mWt be b r rmembered r rmembre r rmembered
membered membre that tht aliens len nomads and ad Aiatice Ai AI AItC Mtatics
atice tC as A well wl ac criminals cllnl drunkards dtkudl wi widoeerter widoserters 16 16drt
doeerter drt l and those h0 living a notoriously DotoroWly ir irmoral im immor1 inmoral
moral life lte are excluded eclude from rote the benefl beneflof beneflof tl tlot
of the act The Te law la provides provldP for an annu annupayment annul annulpyent anawpayment
payment pyent to the deserving whiles wblt andMaor andMaorof and Maor Meor Meorof
of aixlyflve ltylye years or and upward upwad providithey proide providi providothey
they tey have lived In the colony clony for twent twentfive tWfnty tWfntyfe twentfive
five years yere continuously cntnuously The maximu maximuof mximum mximumot
of payment pyent IH i 18 sterling Iterlng a year YM but th this this thisla this
is made mde only to t those th whose who yearly inconfrom Incme Incmefrom incon incomrfrom
from all al sources lurce is I le le lees J than 34 4 No per pelelon pn pnslon perslori
elon at all al can cn be claimed clie by any anyone one wIt wtlan wItan lh lha
an a income Inme of 43 2 For those tho who yhofrom po posees psarea
sees from A 34 to 52 2 of income the penaic penaicdlmtnlshf pllon pllondlmlnlbN penaicdiminishes
diminishes dlmlnlbN by eighteen elcht4n steps stp 1 hem beirUken bing bingtken hemttken
Uken tken away a ay for every ever 1 of income incomeA
A claimant camat who is getting lettin free fr booior boar bud budor boaror
or lodging lolnl from frm a friend or relative rlthe Is islare r rgarded iigarded
lare garded as 8 having hIDg an income Incme of twent twentfive twenty twentyfve twentve
five fve ve pounds pundl Paupers Iupr living lving In State Stte homare home homts homtsre homeare <
are re entitled entitle to pensions pDlon but unless unit tin tinleave th4Y th4YleTe theleave
leave leTe the homes home their pensions pnlion ore a paid pad i ithe to tothe t tthe
the charity chty authorities authorUe to t be b set lt again againtheir agatt agatttheir againitheir
their maintenance manten The Te wouldbe oudb penaloni penalonimust ptloner ptlonermut penslorumust
must mut bring brDI evidence ednCltlfacory satisfactory to a Magi Magitrate Maghttate aiL
trate tte that thAt he or she has h for the previoi previoifive prvloul prvloullve previocve
five lve ve years Ye been bn leading lal a sober eOr and repi repitable repttable rpu rputble
table life lie and is I of o good go moral mor characte characteThis chrtr chrtrTl characteThis
This excited criticism da daing thaitrig
Tl provision prollon eclle some Ime crlticlm du
trig In the debate on the law in tbe ColonParliament Colon Coloni ColonliParliament
Parliament Palient A man m will i have hve to ti be b a sail sailto Mint sairto
to earn e a pension pnlon in New Zealand Zaad sal salone Mid Midone saione
one member mebr When a man m has b reecho reachcM
M 6 5 it Is high time tie for him him hi to t be besaint b beaalnt a aulnt
saint was wa the retort rtort According crlng t tMr to toHr teMr
Mr Reeves B the first Brt three thr years T e experienc experiencof expreDC expreDCof
of working workn the pension pnln law has b conflrmetbe conflrme conftrmnethe
tbe expectations eptations of its advocates adotes Tt Ttdifficulties Te Tedtcultle Thdifficulties
dtcultle difficulties which as pessimists plmla predlcle predlclewould pricte predicteewould <
woud would attend atend the operation opration of the meai meailire mlas mlasur meacUT
ur UT lire have hye not in fact fat been ben encountere encountereTbe eCCuntere encounterecThe
Th The benefits bnetl of the law are a generally fmeraly re reognized rc rco icc iccognized <
o ognized The annual anual drain dran to which th thcolonial the thecolonil thcolonial
colonil colonial exchequer echeuer is i subjected lIubJftt by oldag oldagpensions oldle oldlepnlon oldagpensions
pnlon pensions is I now about abut a million mlon dollari dollariIt dolan dolanIt
It ls admitted aciltt by the author that were wereilmilar werehnila a aail
ail ilmilar law In force 10r in the United Unt Klngdor Klngdorbe Knedom Knedomtb Klngdozithe
tb the be proportion propron of pensioners pcal nera to t the whol wholnumber wholnumber hole holenubr
nubr number of Inhabitants Inhbltnta over OTer ftS year yearf 1 yearof
of f age ae would ould be very r much muc large largemd lrger lrgerand largeand
hev and heavy lesrv ths te th cost c of the te system atm corresponding correspondinglesrv orplldllly orplldlllyhev oorrespommdinglheavy
M MWH MWHrAlfrC MWUVrseosAniertean W H Hee
rAlfrC VrseosAniertean ee American ArabsuaUres In L Lon LonIt Leaden LeadenIt odo odoIt
It was Wa a unique uque career cr r that of Wiliian Wiliianlenry WIUlm WIUlmIII WIhliarrhenry
III henry Waddington Waddngton who played plyed a coneplc coneplcious oonlplc oonlplcuou oonepicLioUs
uou ious part in the affairs are of the Third 1lr Repub Repubo Hpub
10 Ito o during durng pr the twentythree twentytbl years yra precedini precedinius pNcdng pNcdngii precedinIdadeath
ii Idadeath us death In 1HM 1 We call his hl career c careeruniqu careeruniqubecause r uniqu uniqucauae uque uquebu
born in France he wa wahe wathe
bu because > cauae although athough br Frnc WI WIt1e
t1e he grandson grdn of an a Englishman Eglshmn and ad wa watducated waeducated a
eductt educated at Rugby BRby and ad later lter at Trinit TrinitCollege Trinity TririitCollege
0111 College Cambridge CAmbrdg AA an undergraduate undergraduatele udrgruat
he le rowed rwe in the Cambridge mbrldg boat bat in the uni uniersity UNerty univeisity
ersity erty race rao of IM9 IS Elected Eleed in 1871 to tin thiNational thSaUonl tinNatlonal
SaUonl National Assembly Ambl he became bme Kucoessivel successlvelMinister KucoessivelMinister lu < sshely sshelyMintr
Mintr Minister of Public Instruction IntrcUon and Mlnisle Mlnisleif 1111ter 1111terot
ot if Foreign lolg Affairs al and in ISiS representec representecFrance rprnled rprnledFrno representecFrance
Frno France at the Congrts Cmlns of Berlin rln Ho wai wairemier wePremier ns nsPrpmer
Prpmer Premier from frm February Jebrar to December < embr 1S79 1S79n l 1S79In j9 j9In
In n May Iay 1SA3 W 3 he was tent nt ax a Arnba Amnbnnadoi AmnbnnadoiExtraordinary rbdor rbdorEtrrdnry sado sadoixiraordlnary
Etrrdnry Extraordinary to represent rprMnt hU bl country cuntr al alhe at atthe athe
the he coronation crnation of the th Czar Czr Alexander exandtr IIIcoil III IIInd II IIand
and nd upon his hI return rtur from Russia RUtla was as ap apx applntfd appoInted
plntfd poInted x > lnt upn d Ambassador Ambdur at the Court Cour of St Stlamess StJam StIamnesn
Jam lamess a post plt which wh h h he held hlld until unti the rlar rlarbfor sear searefore eai eaiwforc
bfor wforc Us hisdeathi death dath His Hs wife te Mlsg 18 Mary Mar King Kingdaughter KingI Kng Kngdughter
I daughter dughter of Charles Cari King formerly fonner prce prcelent pr6 pr6dllt pnet pnetlent
dllt lent of Columbia Columbi College Co leec accompanied accompanietilm aompNed aompNedhim
him urn on his h mlsniona ml0na to both bth Russia Russi and Eng Engind Fnglnd Engand
lnd and and her observations o rYatol were r set forth fortlia forh forhIn
In a her hr correspondence crpondeno with wth her sisters sisterselections sisterselections fterl fterllitlone
litlone elections from frm which whch are an now published publishedinder pubUshedulr publishedaider
ulr inder the title tite of Letter LUera From a Diplomatt DiplomattV7e DipioinasiIVlfe Diplolt DiploltWife
Wife V7e ScribnerV 8rbnfr The letters lter arc ar wort worth worthmblishlng or I Ilubllshlng h hpbUhnl
because of the Interest Interestttaching interestittaching
pbUhnl lubllshlng not only b u Inlerelt Inlerelttachng
ttaching tachng to many my of thepersons the prsn persons described describedlut dllrb
but nit because bu the writer rter in II evidently a woman womarf WOmn WOmnof
of f exceptional cultivation clt aton and insight Intght The Theeoder Te Terader Theceder
rader eoder will wl turn tur with wlh particular priclr curiosity uriosty to tche tothe tohe
the he pages pc in which Mme mf Waddington dig digourees de decur dieiourees
cur ourees of Bismarck Biemark of Gladstone Gldltone of Lord LordSalisbury Lrd LrdUbur Lordislisbury
Salisbury Ubur and of other otlfr eminent emnent personages perronageei prlnags prlnagsIn
In a i pubUc life lifeJJTe lfe lfee lifee
JJTe e find td the tbeft first reference retcrno to the Gladt Glad Gladtones Gld GldItone
Itone tones t neis under date dte of March Mrh 181883 18 18 2883 Mme MmeVaddlnglon MmeWadlnjon Mmeaddington
Wadlnjon Vaddlnglon had met them that tht day da at atireakfaat at atreaktast
ireakfaat at t the English Eeleh Embassy EmbMY in Paris ParisIhe PArS PArSShe Parislime
She lime says I thought Mrs r Gladstone Gldstone looked lookedIder lookpdolder lookedIder
older Ider than her husband hUbnd He of couroe couroeid OUI coureelid
dd id most mol mostofthetalking of the talking He H ifehasa has h a flne fne fbnevoke fbnevokenight voice voiceright yolC
brgt right keen kln dark eyes eye holds himself hrlt very veryrect Tery Teryer veryNot
er Not and apparently ppretIT knows everything everythingbout everhing everhingabut everythingbout
abut bout everything evrythng When the men were weremolting wr wrlmkng weretucking
lmkng molting after afr breakfast brNkfAt I had quite a ailk atlk ailk
tlk ilk with wth Mrs Mr Gladstone Gad tn wlio wit told me about abut abutthe aboutie
the he ie murder murer of Lord Lr Frederick Frerck Cavendish Cavendishhe Cavcndlh CavcndlhBhewd
Bhewd he said her husband husbnd heard hfr it at a big Lon Lonon Ln Lndon Lonon
and had to and tell Fred Fredrick Frederok Fredrick
Lady
don on party py partyand hd go g tl ldy ¬
erok rick Mr Gladstone Gldltone was W more upset upet by byie b bthe byhe
the he ie whole thing and the having to tell tel the thenfortunate theuaforunate theafortunate
uaforunate nfortunate wife wfe than she Ihe had ever seen sennIm Mn Mnhm seenim
hm Im II V 1 I araf aroff tatt dr 7101 peel for even here hr In Inaris InPa inarts
Pa arts where wber outride outd questions questons dont trouble troublelem troublethm troubleitem
thm item very vry much there thlr was Wa great grt excitement excitementhen exciemfnt exciemfntwhn
whn hen the news DIWII cam camWhen eameWhen ameWen
When Wen the writer rlr of these tbpl ltel letter next met metlodttone mctOlatoneIt metladatoneit
OlatoneIt lodttone ladatoneit It was Wi in I London Lndon in 18S1 iStishe she he wan wanreally WI WIgty wasneatly
gty really impressed impref by b his hi versatility eTatlty She Sheund Shefoun SheJund
foun und him having ha vine a cup of tea tfa with wi h the Dow fowger Dower DowIer
Ier er Lady Stanley Sialey of Alderley Alderle and talking talkingilly talkng talkngely talkingsily
ely illy and Ind cheerfully cheeruly about all al sorts sor of oflings ofthlp ofdogs
thlp lings never a word wor of politic pltaj no one oneould oneoul oneould
ould oul have Imagined aele that that he was D to make makegreat mke mkea makegreat
a great lrt speech lIPh that evening in the thl House Houeee HoUp HoUpHe Houselie
He lie e really rely reallyisan Li an a extraordinary cxtrordlnar manyHided manyHidedan ImmYldP
m an In the course counc of conversation conTeTntlon the theIk thetl theLik
tl Ik fell on the Roman Rm Catholic Catholc religion religionid relgion relgionan
an id its lt extension eteOlon In many mny countries par parvtarl partvlrll parcefzrlv
tvlrll cefzrlv vtarl > iP in n America Amerca He said Fait turning turing to toe tomt toI
mt I e that a great gret friend of his an American Americanr AmericanM
M Er r W V H Hurlbert Hurlbrt certainly cerain the mo mot motbrlint most mostnilliant t tilllant
brlint illlant talker he had ha ever heard and ono onof onoof
of r f the most mot Intelligent Intlgnt nod h told him howuch how howuch ho homuch
much uch the R Roman mln Catholic Catholc religion rt1glon wan wanlining wasilning 1 1lalnlng
lalnlng lining ground in the Northern orther Siatos Stalf cf cfmnlca crmtrica
mnlca I rather demurred to the th Mnt Mntrnt Mtf Mtfnl state staterot >
rot nl oven though Ihoulh it pam from Mr lr Hurl Htirlirt Hurler Runart
er art UP W intelligence Inlellfncp nnd Ine en brilliancy brllno are arew
w
d 1
undeniable ueible but bt I should lhul have bae thought thoughtviews hl I II
I views vie were werp a little Itlo fantastic tlntti at time timerather tme timep 1 1I
p rather rthpr agree agr with you said Ial Mr r Gladato Gladatobut Gltne Gltnebut Gladatotbut
I but I have he recently retty had h letters leten from frm r rfriend m1 m1frlflc C Cfriends
friend frlflc Bishop Dlbop P of New York Bishop Bishopi Bihop P
i of Massachusetts aJchett and other distinguish distinguishchurclimen dbtlngl1 distinguiShchurchmen ho
churchmen burhmen in I the United Unite States 8latt who wh tell i itliat me n nthat
that the Roman Iktan Catholic CotboU religion relln b I malt maltsubstantial ml rnakiIsuilataritial I
substantial progress progre their preachers preben i iso are a aso
so 0 clever cever and an know so 1 well 11 how h to adi aditheuxelveri adpt adptUleDelvM adathemselves I
themselves UleDelvM to the liberal lbl views le1 they m mluxve mtt mu muhave
have 110 In America Americ We then talked talko BO BOtime lome lometme son sontime
time tme about 30Ul the varioUH aroU Bishop Bfhope and ad den denmen cerl clengmen I
men he knew kne in America Ameic the th slight allh dlff dlffnce duer duerpn diteflee i I
pn flee l IJtwe between > etween the two Prayer fvlr floOkOne Books BooksOne Bk <
One On would woul really rellv lave loe thought tl ught it was wasChurth W wasChurth
Churth Chu h of England clergyman who b bpawed h hi hipassed I
pawed pe all al Fnglnd his hil life le studying cergyn tuylng theologtquestions theologt thelgl thelglqutlon theologicqusetlons
questions qutlon A few rnomeol rOm after atr SOD SODthing scmthing m
thing turned luo his hi thought thought in another anotherrfction nothe di dirton d drtction
rfction rton and he was ya dtscuxsing d lnl with Ith La LaStanley Ly Ly81auley LaStanley
Stanley the translation I rMltlon into Int English Ellb of ofItalian i iItalIan a
Italian Itali sonnet which hlch lie thought w wbadly wi wibadly u ubly
badly bly done Too literal ltr really not wide undfstanding ue widestanding
standing t dlng the thl poetry ptr and the beautiful butiul u uagination i La Laaginstion
agination agitin of the writer riter It I was extrac extracdinar exrr exrrdin eztrodinar
dinar din I was rather ratber mortified morlte when wbe I Iasked he heUkM 1 1asked
asked if I know kn thetwoBUhope the two Blhop I didn didnbut dint dintbut dldnbut
but it is i fair to say r he understood unerato when whensaid whe whensaid I Isi
said si how many mny years ytr I had hd been bn away fro froAmerica trom tromAmeric froIAmerica
America AmericaMme Americ AmericaLme
Mme Waddington Waddingon was w at Hatfleld Htfld How HouIn Bou Howin
In July 1891 181 when a luncheon luchen was 1 give glvithere Ihen Ihenthere givethere
there to the lh Emperor and d Empress Epre of G Gmany GeI GeImany r rmny
many mny William Wlsm II ww wotoou of course thecentr thecentrfigure te the CDta centr centrfigure
figure fg and is L thus describedHe dfrib described Be holds hold bin hliself bi binself
self very ver straight etlbt has b a stern ltem face fac ai airather and andrther anrather I
rather rther a stiff IItl manner neJ not particularly ptcuLuly grclous gr la laI lacoul griclout
clout coul speaks Ipk English Elh of course cu perfect perfectwell prtely prtelyeU perfectiwell
well eU in factlookzs fact tactlook looks like lke an Engliahrnanpai Engliahrnanpaitieularly Englishman Elhmn pa paticularly pr prtclarlyl
ticularly tclarlyl hi ordinary ordinr circa dlj of course cur the urform ur u tinform
form for changes cbange him bima a little ltte I think tk he h hekne hekneabout taw tawabout w wabut
about abut everybody eeryby who woe wal presented prente to t bin hlisoldiers him himIldler binsoldiers
soldiers Ildler statesmen IIUtmln artists artit and seemi seemito seemeto me
to be interested Interfte in the very er short shor talks tlk talkshad 1 1had he hehad
had with Ith each ecb one He and ad W 1M M Wad Waidington Waddingon Wacdlrzgtonj
dington dingon had hd quite a talk llk and he again aan ci cipressed e epreened e epl
preened pl his hl regret rgret at not having haTne seen an hibefore hi hm hmbtore hiibefore
before btore At this thl luncheon luchon Mme Me Waddlni Waddlniton Wddlg Wddlgtin Waddlnton
ton tin was the heroine heoine of the pearl parl Incidei Incideiwhich Incdent Incdentblch incidenwhich
which blch got Into the newspapers neWlpprl The slot utoiIs Itory ItoryIII slotitt
Is here related rlate aa 8 follows folows I suddenly fe fethat telt teltthat fethat
that necklace unclasped It wi wieewed wasewed
my neklo was w unclp I Wa Warwe
sewed rwe on the corsage CT in front as 8 the pearare pear pearare pr l
are large 1 and heavy hev and I am always alwa ofral ofralof araid araidof afralof
of breaking brfaklng the string I asked aake Soveri Soverithe Svera SorersIte
Ite the Portuguese Portugt Minister MlnttrJ who was Wa next nxt nextmeLf 1 1meif to tomelf
melf he couldnt clasp it forme for me He le triebut trie tre triecbut
but was W1 nervous neroU or awkward awkard at any rate ratcouldnt ratecouldnt ratecouldnt
couldnt manage mnge it and we were were both bth gettir gettirred cettng cettngre gettinred
red re and flustered fultere when hen suddenly uddenIY1e we heal hearthe healthe herd herdthe
the Emperor Epror from hl his table tble calling calng Ws Wsaddingtons S SWaddingtonV M MWaddingonII
WaddingtonV WaddingonII attention atenton to the fact the thjJf tht thtM theif
Jf le I Portugal Porug4 t tail en train trn fttrangltr fttrangltrFrance dtranglr 1 I IFrance
France also ao Steal Stal saying 8ng that his h colltgi colltgida col c lii liido e edu
da Portugal Pougal H firratl Itai A 1 un use n pymnattiqt pymnattiqttrange gnGq gymnastiqitfrange
trange They all al made various arloW jokes joke i imy at a amy I
my expense expl and the Prince Po of Wales Wale BO BOLet sd sdLt sal salLet
Let Lt me do it and again agai we w heard hed the En Enperor E Exitperor I
pror peror remarking remrking iiainttnant Jojn an cett ce ph phttrieux plusrieuxLAnplelerre I IrzL
pa
ttrieux srieuxLAnplelerre rzL LAngkterre ngl re ten le melt W fN fNWaddfngton S SWaddington I IWaddigon
Waddington Waddigon who had hd his h back bck to me anwho an anwho and andwho
who couldnt culdnt see what ht was Wa going ClnC on wa wadecidedly WM WMdeldelT wadecidedly
decidedly deldelT mystified mytle and wondered wonder what o oearth on onearth aearth
earth earth I was WA doing to attract attrc so 1 much alter altertion aten atenton atterition
tion ton in fact was rather annoyed noye Whewe Whewe Whe Whenwe
we got up from the table tble the Prince P of Wale Waland WalM WalMand Waleand
and I retreated rtete to a corner crer of the terraoiand terrace terTao terTaoand terraceand
and he cut ct the stitches Itlthe that tbt held the te neck necklace nfk nfkI necklce
lace I in I front with hi bL liii knife klte which ago agolooked agali agalilooked a
looked loke funny funy to the people pple assembled amble on th thterrace the theI tbterrace
terrace trTac He advised d me to put the pearls pearlinot prl pearlsnot
nt not In my pocket pket but bt in a safe ae place plC aa the thewere they theywere thewere
I were very handsome handsmej so I put them tn in inmy inid inidmy < d dmy
my dress dre Regarding Rerd < William Wilam II I IIbe IIbeaddl shiadds h hidds
addl adds The general leaerallmproa impression was that th thEmperor tba tbaEpror theEmperor
Epror Emperor was 18 not a ladys ldrlI man mn He sri eviiently e edentl sridently
dentl iently preferred p te talking tln < to t army n and ad polltical poUt pUt poUtical
lel ical men My talk tal with wt him hi was I so A per perectly p perrtiy
tely ectly banal bnal that tht I can CD scarcely 1 ly have ai aiiplnlon an anoplloD atopinion
oplloD opinion but I should think thik one on might mlh tall tl ta1to
to 0 him easily es His H face lac U I certainly cry stern sternind sternsad temaDd
aDd the manner mer very r cold cld but bt the te smll smlliglits smiuilights I
Iglt6 lights up and soften soHen the face tao I said sId to t one onif one oneot oneDt
ot > f the pretty prtt young youc women who had hd made mf madeluncheon
1 luncheon Iuncho party pry for him h that tht I had hd heart heartbal hMr heardbat
bal it was wa beautifully butul done don sndthat and atht that he h wamuch wai wainuch walmuch
I much pleased plt She said Id she hoped hop he was waajut W wasbut
but jut that so far fa as a she herself heT1 was concerned concernedie once onceI
I he ie hadnt hadt the slightest agbtt idea whether wbetbe she he was waiwentyfive waatentyfTe waswentyfive
tentyfTe wentyfive or fifty fiftyMme fty ftyfe fiftyMine
Mme fe WadJingtons lost lat audience audlMc will willue withqueen Itb ItbQuen
Quen queen ue n Victoria tctori was at t Onborne Obe in August AugustVOO Auut Auut1I AugustLoo
1I VOO The house hOWa at Cowers COWP1 la not handsome handsomeL handBomelarge
a L large gray gay stone building buld in with wt two wingiind wings wingsmd inr
aDd flowerbeds oyerbs close 00 up to the windows windowsflireo windowalhreo indow indowlJe
lJe flireo or four fou footmen fotmen in i plain plin black blck liver liverrere IP livery liverycare
were waiting in the te hall hl and they took tok th thUitor the thevilor thecisitor < I
vilor Uitor at at once ono upstairs upt to t tbe ladys IdY1 draw drawngroom drawzigroom i iInerom
Inerom ngroom on the landward 1ncward side eie of the hou hoU house housene e eThe
The Duchess DuchP of Roxburglio Roxblrgh was I there the andLiter and andJter Dd Ddter
Liter ter some Ime ccnvereat cn convereaton er t on she took tk Mme MmeVatldlngton MmeVaddngton me meWa
Wa Vatldlngton dington downstAirs downtir and stopped etopp ft a aloor a adoor aloor
loor where hfrt there tblr wn was a no servant at The Theuchoi T Tbuchots
Duch > uchoi knocked noke the Queens Qu n voice oiC said saidCome ald aldCome saidComae
Come in and the ladies ladP found them thelhed thelhedIn thetneeles thetneelesU < y > lve lvea
In a a beautiful b uUful large salon I10n all al the windows windowsif Indowsof
of > if f which opened opne on the sea sa The Te Queen QueenIretweU Queenmessed QUfn QUfndrlc
drlc messed ns fS usual in black bllck was 8 seated Il in inhe il inhe
the he middle of the room rom facing facn the door dor 1 1tad 1 1had Imad
had tad barely brl time to make mke one courtesy courtesyhe CuNY CuNYabe
abe he put out her htr hand hnd and made I de mo ml sit down downtext downiext I Inext
text to tolier her She Sbelpke Shespoke spoke to me first fnt in French Frenchjust Fench Frenchjust I IWt
just Wt as she always alwar did when hfn I was wa at t the thembaBAy themhaMy I IEmbMr
EmbMr mbaBAy to mark Iuk I suppose IUpp that tha I wa walie wee weehe a
the lie French Frfncb Ambaaaadrese Abldre Jt J n uU Irdt tn four fouru hr hrtue hlMruse
tue u use e de rou rout 13 reroir rtrirI renoirI I think we w can an speak speakinglish speakzrgllehhow p
Englhhow inglish zrgllehhow how much has hal happened happne since IC we welet wemet wenet
met let and then we talked talkt about abut all al sorts arte of ofkings oftbllgs ofhinge
tbllgs kings I thought the he looked loke extremely extremelyrell eteely eteelywelf extremelycellof
welf cellof rell of course cur I couldnt tell tel If her night nightas sighteec glt gltWa
Wa eec as gone as the Ihe knew kne I was W coming cmlne and I Iit 1It Iat
It it close c086 to her Her eyes eyeI were ere blue and andlear andcfar andlear
cfar lear and her btr memory and conversation conversationuite cnvertOD cnvertODquie conversajoniulte
quie iulte uite the same sme It is interesting Intertine to learn learnwt lern lerntht learnbat
tht wt the te Queen Quen spoke lpke at once on and ad in a tone tonef toneof
of f great gt moderation meraton of the caricatures cctue of oferself 01berl oferself
berl erself that tht had appeared appr in French Fnch new newapers D Dppr newapses
and of various little Incident Incidentleasant
ppr apses ltte Incdm un unleasant u uplelnt
plelnt leasant to Englishmen Englsbmen that tt had occurred occurredi o
In ii i France Fanc Mine Waddington Waddlnetn said Id that tt she shewas Ibe IbeWr shewas
Wr was very el glad ild to have haTe an opportunity opprtuNty of oftiling oflng ofsihing
tiling lng her that that everybody eerby in France Frnc exceptfew except exceptfew ect ecta
a few hotheaded bothNdN Rdlcl Radicals and antlEng antlEngsh antE
Ish sh was wal most indignant Indljant at such gratuitous gratuitousisults gratutu gratWtosulta
Inaulu isults not only on to the Queen Quln but to a worn wornn woman
an n She said Id she h quite quie understood underto that thatlot tht thtthat thattat
that lot wherever she had been n In France Frano ever everody e ebo eyerody
bo ody had done what they the could to make nke her herippy her herhappy herappy
happy ippy and Ind comfortable that th t she he neverDuld never neveruld neercud
cud uld > forget it and hoped bns the French nation nationIt nUon nUonfllt
fllt It that thtalso thatalso also that she Ihe would never Der dreamholding dream drm drmof drmr
of r holding the country cuntr responsible rloponelblll for the theadlcal theRadical theadlcal
Radical adlcal press but my children and my mysople mypeople nayeopie
I
people sople feel fe Jllt < it very cr cry deeply deeplyIn
In May Ma 1SS5 Iss M and Mme Waddington Waddingtonere
were ere at Hat Halfield Hold House and one of the letis let letrs lettrs
trs rs here printed contains some reraluls reralulsDcott remlnlCflDOfzI renalujencee
CflDOfzI Dcott of o the I ho visit It A Urge IAr c Elizabethan Kliiuibethanuttle EII lbelhan lbelhancWitle
cWitle uttle standing rather high with courts courtsid COurtllIU1d courtsid
IU1d id terrace in every direction We foundady found foundidy toundLa
La idy y Salisbury Hali bury at her tea table on the t tv tvraC tsrce w wcu
raC cu with a lovely view of park and andoods andVClfllft andocxis
VClfllft oods on all side Variou aric > uot member of oftho
tho 10 family ramil and house hou party Katmtored up upwe upIorne upflue
Iorne we of the young ladies in their ha iJaaltl iJaaltlhaing nasitsshig ltx ltxiving <
haing iving been tiding and some guest UMta having havingilkwl havingwalkool havingallied
walkool allied up from the station which is quite quitear quitenpar
npar mar ar at the ond of the park p After an hours hoursIk hourlIlalk
lalk Ik L LAd Lady < ly Salisbury took me to my room roomrough roomthrollJlh roommrouigh
throllJlh rough the long 1on lull and up a great stair stairso IiWrCIUC stairceo
CIUC ceo so and told me dinner was as easy eight eightie eightThe
The lie ie room U ii large nil panelled in oak oakhlch oakhlch oakhich
hlch has become almost black with age agei attean ageenornious
an i enormous bed they have always had liadeir hadthdr haddr
thdr eir dr sheets marie especially r lIlIy for theo beds bedefor bedsr
for ir r more than two hundred hllnctr years in Gor Gormy GorOlar Gortry
Olar my I ttiink a > no ordinary i hff11I lie < ti > could couldtvrr NluldJr rotildvPr
Jr < tvrr more n nre th thAn n hnlf1 Thn TI Th l tod drt are nr very veryng vcr vcrgig cr crlong
long ng anU au aliuoil square They would
0 4 44 H flr
r
easily ea bold BHgfcaai dba T Yesaadsq ja wd all his wives wivesDo wivesDo wlTftIDo
Do you remember th the tbjture picture in Inf > Urk Twain TwainMine Twalllno TwainMine
Mine no Wail eo high I Ihad had to take a footstool footstoolto
1 1thellame
to clamber into it W Wa room next about aboutthe aboiathe
the thellame same We Weens went wen downstairs at tuo 110 and andcertainly Adcert4lnl aMcertainly
certainly didnt dine until after I and anda anda
a half We were ere about thirty in the great greatdining greatdining
dining room a a splendid rfld hall with portraitof portrait ponrauof
of Queen Elizabeth one in fancy drees dreesmost dreemoat
moat curlew with bright red hair Henry HenryMIL HerarrIII HenryVII
MIL VII III Mary Queen of Scot Boobltc Ac c We W played playedcards playedcarda playedcards
cards in the evening eVel11n and broke up rather ratherearly ratheeariy
early earl This morning lC Lady Salisbury showed showedme
me this the tb house hoUllem08 most interesting full of tress treasure tressure ¬
ure and memories a great library wttit wttitall wttball widall
all sorts of letter from the time of Risa Risabelh Litisbeth
beth and In the drawing room a vitrite vitritefilled TitrluIIlIed iltelafilled
filled with relic of the Virgin Queen It Itwas Igwas
was curious cnuio to eee her gloves shoes hat hatI hatI
I think Lady Salisbury wa wa somewhat stir surpriaed stirprmaed ur urprl8ed
priaed at my Interest in theee last thingbut thing thInpbut thingsbut
but I told her she must make allowance allowancefor alJowanoetor
for an American who was not accustomed accustomedto
to old family tradition and souvenirs n of ofthat ofthat ofthat
that kind We got back to London Londonthis Londontide oo oothia
this morning and of course dinedout dined out some somewhere eomewhere acm acmwhere ¬
where I Iwasamusedbyoneoftheladles Iwasamusedbyoneoftheladlessaying was u amused by b one of the ladles ladlesftaying 1adJMaayln
saying to roe after dinner Did you reallyenjoy really reallyenjoy
enjoy your visit to Hatfleld Arent they theyall the theall theyall
all oVeorfvfly clever I dont think I should shouldhave ahctMhao shouldhave
have applied the same adverb but clever cleverthey clenrtbey cleverthey
they certainly are Lord Salisbury has such sucha b ba
a tine thoughtful faceAnother face faceAnother taceADotheJ
Another Large country seat of which we weread w wd wsread
read d In these letters is Enowsley Lord LordDerbys LordDerbYlIplsCO LordDerbys
Derbys DerbYlIplsCO place in Lancashire The house Itseems It Itseems It8Iem
seems has not the beautiful beautifulproporticx proportions of ofHatfleld ofHatfield ofHatfield
Hatfield it is I long low and rambling but butmost butmo butmost
most mo t comfortable The library I Ia a fine room roomwith roomwith roomwith
with deep window receeses and meet com coatfortabie comfortable comfortble ¬
fortable with a bright fire burning The Thelibrarian 11I 11IIIhrarlan Thelibrarian
librarian was there and nd showed us some of ofhis ofWs ofhis
his treasures among them an n old copy of ofthe ofthe ofthe
the Roman de la ROM and various old oldmanuscripts oldmanu oldraannecrlpt
manuscripts manu cripte W Wi went ent on into the dining diningroom din1n1troom diningroom
room and Lady Derby explained the family familyportraits lamU lamUportraltll familyportraits
portraits to me The long unbroken line lineof 11Mot Urisof
of Earls of Derby is most interesting Int rtI n < andthe and IUIIthe andthe
the change in the portraits for the two or orthree ortbreoe orthree
three generations neration where the French blood bloodshows bloodbows bloodshows
shows Itself most mo t curious The wife of the theEarl theEarl theEarl
Earl of Derby who died on the scaffold scaffoldgiving ecaftoldgIinS scaffoldgiving
giving his life for his King was the famous famousCharlotte famoulCharlolte famousCharlotte
Charlotte de la Trtfmouille Tr mouUlc who ho defendedher defended defendedher detendedher
her castle CalltleLathom Lathorn House HoUlleIIO eo gallantly gallantlyagainst galIllIl1ralalnst gallantlyagainst
against Fairfax and his Roundheads RoundheadsThe RI tilldhead tilldheadThe >
The portraits are most interesting first the theregular thlreiUlar theregular
regular Saxon type then the French streak streakpale IOtreakpale etreakpale
pale oval faces and dork eyes and hair not notunlike notunlike notullke
unlike the Stuortewho have always a foreign foreignlook toreignlook foreignlook
look then the true British more and nd moreaccentuated more moreaccentuated moreaccentuate
accentuated < down to the present Earl EirlM EsrlM EarlM
M Waddington was AII French Ambassador AmbassadorIn Am 01 01In
In London at the time when ben the Boulanger Boulangermovement Bou1an Bou1anmovement Boulangermovement
movement cumlnated and collapsed There Thereare TbneAre Thereare
are several references rete ncetl to the Brave Gen General General General ¬
eral in the thle e letters Thus under date of ofApril ofApril ofApril
April 25 18S1 188 we read We hear a great greatdeal greatdeal IfNotdeoal
deal now no here about Boulanger and there thereseems thereeoemll thereseems
seems to be the moat extraordinary tngovr tngovrmtnt engouemeet ngoutmen
meet men for Mm 1dm here as well ell aa in France FranceRoustan FranoeRoustan FranceRoustan
Roustan the Naval Attache baa Just come comeback comflback comeback
back from Paris and says the state of thing thingIs thineIe
Is very serious people have lost their heads headsaver head0leJ headsovei
aver Boulanger He R IL thinks it Is the themost themoet themost
most serious criss crI lI France has h hthrough paused pausedthrough passedthrough
through since the Commune W fM M Wad VTadilngton Waddlnston Waddingtonl
ilngton is lees 1 blu blMhe he knows the famouSeneral famous lamoullGeneral famousGeneral
General very ery IHUe but doeant d nt think there theremuch th thIII thereis
III much character or backbone there We Weliad Wfhd Welaid
laid a big dinner the other night nJ < bt at Lord LordRothschilds LordRothwhlldsj LordRothschilds
Rothschilds and Lord Hartington a well wellknown wellknown wellknown
known political and social figure sat between betweenme
me and the Prlnoeaa Prln ds d Wagram He nat natirally naturally natzrsiiyaskrd
irally zrsiiyaskrd aaked kNt us ustbeonlytwoFrench the t only two French women womenit oment
it t table what wo W thought of Boulangerh Boulanger
Th The h Princes Prln spoke moat enthusiastically enthusiasticallyif
of if hlrn himthe the on one man in France who could couldegvaeraU couldegeneral
egvaeraU IIO ate the country ooun 7 and who would be beupported beaupported beupperted
upported by all parties parti I said exactly theontrary the theontrary theoontrary
ontrary and that I thought hi his popularity popularitynd popu1ar1tand
and nd power very much exaggerated ted Lord Lordlartington Lcrrlartlngton
lartington was w rather amused at the two twopinions twitopinions twouplxdons
pinions so absolutely ab at 1 variance varianceIn
In May M ISM the Waddington bad their theirIrst tbe1 tbe1em theirhit
em hit encounter with Boulanger who whothen was wasben washen
ben in London W and I were walking walkingiur
our iur horses down do the Row when we m met mtttlrM methares t three
hares gentlemen cantering rinl toward us usL UfAI usI
AI I L they passed we heard h ud they were speai speairig IpnkIng ape aperag
Ing rig French but didnt pay pa any particular particularMention partireluattelltlon particularlteition
Mention I merely said 1 wonder who whohot wh whUU whohose
UU hot men are1 are one on so rarely hears h TI French Frenchpoken Frenchllpoken Frenchpuken
poken in the Row A few fe minutes later Uterre lal r re
re e met Lord Charles Chari Rereeford who tcok tcoklittle tGO tGOlittle tcoilittle
little turn with us and said to W Th Thther Tho Thoother Tbtlier >
other ther distinguished Frenchman F nchman is also aliai aloIn
In i the Row Ro then we divined A roW mo molenta raerent
ment8 rent lenta afterward the Row Ro U eo email or orro orMCMee orveasee
MCMee ro ee people all the time time1we we met them themgain tlf11again thergaiii
gain Boulinger in the middle riding lu luunous h hfamoUII hamous <
famoUII unous black horse hora a man on each sId siriiding 61ej 61ejriding sIdiding >
iding good hon lf chestnuts They TIle all allrore 1111wore Il Ilcore
wore topbaU t < which no Englishmen do doow d dDO doow
DO ow in the morning The men all wear wearw lllNrlow
low > w hats < the women OUletl > ii also lro and cov covert rtcontt rtconttiie COIII COIIIthO contlie
thO lie girls colton blouses not 1I0 at all the cot coiret rolrtCt cotect
rtCt ret tttyle o tle tve used lo admire cs children childreni
In it i PttnrJt when hu those beautiful bf utiful wcnifn wcnifnf I Iot
ot f I ochs < riding In the Park filled our ourtiildUh ourdllldih ourhiIldih
tiildUh hearts with envy en I was all rather ratheruriou rathffcuriOI11 ralliertarious
curiOI11 uriou > > a 101 to what would happen as a W Wnows W Wnows Wkno
kno nows Boulanger slightly and went to toim t thim toInn
him im when hpl1 lie was 1 Minister of War aliout alioutmethln aholltromethlnl abotitemething
romethlnl > methln concerning con rninl the Military Mllitar Attache Attacheowever kttachtLowever t1ad t tHoeer
Hoeer owever there was no difficulty as asinger Bon Boningcr Ioulancer
lancer ingcr was apparently too l engrossed engr < lNtd in inmversatlon InC inonrersation
C mversatlon with hU companions to notic noticny noticanl nomirny
anl ny one I wonder If I we shall meet himnywhere him himnywhere himany
any nywhere here They tell us that some om of o tfc tfcjciety II II5OCiet1 tsdety
jciety people mean to Invite him hi but butsuppose hutI butsuppose
I suppose they will scarcely ask R 1r us usther agetheor taether
getheor getheorITS ether etherITS therITS
ITS BUTTERMILKS TtRew TURN TCRS TCRSNew TURNSW
New ew Terk Has Taken a Sudden Liking LDdn ref ferIt refIt feeIt
It a as a Summer umster Drink DrinkNew DrInkNI DrinkNew
New NI York ork has a new nil summer ripple tipplis tlrrltIt
It is hygienic too It will cool but not notlebriate OtInebriate netebriate
Inebriate It Is the simple buttermilk buttermilkYesterday buttermllkftIterdar buttermilkTeaterday
Yesterday a sign with ith the words No Noore Nolore 0 0tInre
tInre lore ore Buttermilk Until 3 oclock hung hunga hunlZIn
In I a Sixth avenue dairy In the th space of offew ofA offew
A few minutes a string of half a dozen per perms J frlIOns pernC ¬
lIOns ms came into the place looked at tlt tltgii thn iigu
gii n and retired tired In disappointment disappointmentWe
We cant explain what has suddenlyU suddenly Ruddlnlrcaultd suddenlyinsed
caultd > U > ed all 11 this new nf demand for buttermilk buttermilkid buttermilkaId
aId id a salesman Mlt aman > A year fT ago we wesold sold by bye brthe byIC
the IC e glass ten time as much sweet swe milk milkit IIIl1kBut milkUt
But it this year the tide has turned l They Thrrk Tbruk Theyik
uk ik k for buttermilk now just t M much II as asIcy s sey
Lbe ey do sweet wet milk milkSome milksmt milkSome
Some of them tell me that th the milk milkis milkhas
has is been n recommended NOOm ndPd by physicians in insee Inices
8 see of stomach and liver trouble Then Thenere Th Thniere n nthelf
thelf ere are several persons who art ar > taking takinge taldn taldntht
tht It e buttermilk cunv cunvThey CUftThfY cur curThey
They drink from two to three quart quributtermilk f1UlLTleot quartbuttermIlk
ot buttermilk every day da and nd take no solid solidod Mlidfood solidod
food od but a few water crackers The cure cureits UJ UJINttlt curets
INttlt its ts two week w fOb > Ive I seen some wonderful wonderfuliultfl wondlrlllinlIultA wonderfulsuits
nlIultA suits from itThe it itTho itTht
The roost remarkable case was that of cfyoung ofa ofyoung
a young actress act who canie back to New NewVk Newrtrk fI fIVork
Vork rtrk Vk after fler a season on the road She Sb hart hartivvlied haAtruwlllld ha haiie1Ied
truwlllld ivvlied from one end nd of th the country t ti VI VIthl tIc
thl Ic i < other eating in this place and nd that thsiany th that thatany
at any ny hour of the day d or night The Th r rIt rIIult rUt
IIult It was that aba came back here a wreck wreckjm ToTfCkrom wreckomn
rom jm Indlgcetion IndlgcetionI
I never saw 4 a woman change chan a as that thatrl thtelrl thatnl
elrl rl did In two weeks She was pinched pinchedid plnchfliIInd
IInd id sallow low when alas hI come here but hutand rosy rosyd rosyid
and d plump at the > end of her two week weekbuttermilk Wffklof weeksbuttermilk
of buttermilk If It does doe that for them themm themam
J am m not surprised that It l is so much in inmand in indemand unmand
demand demand14t1 mand mandMany mandlariy
Many 14t1 of the hotels and nd the Ih larger alocrt MloCt11 MloCt11hRw eaioenIv alocrtvo
list of sum sumir IWIImer Lin Liner
hRw Iv vo nddorl n biittvmllk to heIr Ir
mer ir drink