THE SUN, SUNDAY, APRIL 6, 1913.
OKU V PT TRT TP iVTANT RANTTSHRn RY PR RS f DENT LINCOLN
C. L. Vallandigham, Most Troublesome
of Copperheads in Civil War Times,
as Pictured in Family Records
Vlcmcnt L. Vallamliuham xhart tl iuhlic ttlti ntmn uitli the I 'nion command
ers in the field 1'iftu hit iffo. The only man xint into ijrile, he trim bitterly
denounced nml ax warmly defendtd. What man m r of mini nan he, rhat were j
At aims? Thine tiuentionn could not he anmeml in tin hint nj the civil war;
ic nhrtch iiiren here annex laryilu from family nroidn.
"
HltAIIA.M LINCOLN as I'rcsl-
A
A dent of the I'nlted States
lialllslied hut one public man,
Clement Laird Viillaiidlgham
of Ohio, the most troublesome and au
dacious of the Peace Democrats, some
time!) called Copper heaiK The banlsh
tnnt of Vall.indluli.ini occurred llfty
j ears ago, In May, HAS, and ranked
along with the great hattles of that time
as a stlliject of public Interest.
It was part of the irony of the event
that the man primarily responsible for
the military arrest of Vallandigham
tlmitld have lieeu his old neighbor and
fellow Democrat IMwIn M. Stanton,
ami that Stanton prohalily owed his
first appearance In politic life a. a mem
ber of fluchiinan's rahlnet In pint to
the recommendation of Vallaiidlgham.
Stanton as a young man had practised
liw at Stellhenvllle. Jils native place.
ml In neighboring enmities, among
ithers Columbiana, the county seat of
fthleh was New Lisbon, the birthplace
vt Vullandlghaiu. Here an elder
crother of Vallandiuham for a time
fractl.-ed law, and Stanton when called
to New Lisbon on business shared his
,l!!o. S'.an'on and Clement Vallandiu
ham afterward worked together as fel
low Democrats In Ohio and were both
delegates to the national Democratic
toiivelitlon of isiirt at KehaWtou.
Vallandiuham, six years younger
than Stanton, had decided upon a po
litical career while he was still a youth
t college, and was a member of Con
gress while Stanton yet remained un
known In national affairs. The two re
lucted each other, and it Is believed
(hat when Buchanan's Cabinet began
to break up Vallandigham suggested his
neighbor Stanton for the po.-t of Attor-ey-fieneral.
to which he was ap
pointed. It is Improbable that with
out this preliminary service Stanton
would have become Lincoln's energetic
nd Implacable Secretary of War, and
thus Vallandigham may have paved the
wav for his own arrest and banishment.
When Lincoln was Inaugurated as
President of the I'nlted States In lSrtl j
Clement L. Vallandiuham had just been
fleeted a third time to Congress. He i
Lelleved secession to be madness, but
from the time It began with South Caro
lina he feared a permanent breach of
the L'nioii, and from a letter written to
Ms wife In December, lSfirt. he seems
to have expected that he would be
called upon to act In a fashion that
Bilu-ht brim; him Into collision with the
authorities.
Men were rapidly changing sides In
' .lays, atm xanamiiKiia.n oeuooe.,
decided to take the most dlfticult I"'-
.Ition possible for a public man to as-
sume. that ol an opponent anne 01 (
re.-sion and of coercion. He held ab.o-
lutely to this position so long as he re-
iiialne.l in i -.ingress, who m- Federal authorities. His official posl-
that he became within eighteen months ! ,,0) .S r,,nu.-,.saman Klinrnntl.,.,i him
the most hated man In the North and jHl.ilm., arr,.m i,v (.v process, but now
Hie most annoying enemy of the Ad- ! W )S ,,rVilt(. ctzl,n m, was
ministration. It became necessary tj doubly In .Linger of seizure by Hum
ect rid of hltn. and the riddance was ac- slll,..s H(1rs , accordingly his
complished for the moment by a gerry- fri,.n.l- reibub:,-d their vigilance,
manderlng of his district, so that he was ( Matters finally came to a head at
defeated when lie ran for Congress in Mount Vernon, Old n May 1. where
the fall of D.G2, though he held Ills full be addressed a huge open air meeting
strength and made considerable gains ,,f fanners and others brought together
in the original area of the district from from many miles around. There came
which he had been thrice- elected. also to this meeting disguised agents
When the thlrty-seveiitli tongress
fxplred on March 4. lSf.3, Vallanuigiiain
left Washington a private and Intense
ly angry citizen lie had indicated the
trend of his thought In one of his last
speeches In Congress, when he said:
"The day which divides the North from
the South, tin; self-same day decrees
eternal divorce between the West and
the Kast." A little further on In the
same spe. ch he said: "Tin re Is not one
drop of rain that falls over the whole
vast expanse of the Northwest that
does not find Its home In the bosom of
the flulf. We must and we will follow It
with travel and trade, not by treaty, hut
by right, freely, peaceably and with
out restriction or tribute, under tin:
same Government and Hag."
A disappoint, d and ambitious man,
smarting under .sense of wrong, con
vinced that his position was wise and
patriotic and blind to the fact that an
effective majority of the American
people were determined to sacrifice all
else to the successful prosecution of the
war, was a dangerous sort of person to
turn loose where a good many thou
sand of simpler folk shared his opinions,
the more so as he was without fear and
Klfted with unusual powers as a public
speaker.
The man thus sent back to Ohio as a
private citizen was then 43 years old, a
stoutly built person of feet '., with a
dense mass of black, slightly curling
hair, a ruddy complexion, a full, keen,
dark blue eye, an nqulllno nose nnd a
fighting Jaw. Ho had been bred In the
Calhoun school of State rights no
mocracy, was well read In law, In his
tory nnd In literature, ancient and mod
ern. Charles James Iox was one of his
political Idols, and his mind was forever
runnlnK back to the strugglo of the
English Liberals with the Stuarts. He
believed that strugglo was repeated in
his own opposition to the Administra
tion of Mr. Lincoln.
VallandlKham stopped In Philadelphia
iunaiu ine mu tvipimi iuuiuiivh
V fftUKd.tho downfall of hU army, and
" "
and New Veil, mi his way home from
Washington and addressed large public
meetings. He spoke In New York be.
fore the Democratic Union Association.
... ,
mere was plenty of sympathy with
such a man in ine cuy seized a rew
weeks later by t lie draft rioters and his
speech was savage In Its Intensity. He
demanded a free ballot and added:
"We 'are ready to try these questions
In that way. but I have only to repeat
what I said a little while ago, that
when (he attempt Is made to take away
that other right, and the only Instru
mentality peaceably of reforming and
correcting abuses- free assemblages,
free speech, free ballot and free elec
tions that then the hour will have ar
rived when It will be the duty of free
men to find some other and elllclent
mode of defending their liberties."
When Vall.indlghnm reached home he
found exactly the condition that lie had
Just said in New York would Justify
freemen In finding "some other and cltl
.lent mode of defending their liberties."
fien. Ambrose K. lturnslde was com
mander of a military district composed
of Ohio. Kentucky. Indiana and Illinois,
and those States were under a form of
martial law A more ticklish situation
could hardly hae been contrived than
that whlili set Hurnslde and Vallan
digham face to face.
Hurnslde was fresh from the defeat
at Fredericksburg, and his 12.U00 dead
of that battlefield were calling upon
him to bo zealous In his new duty. Val
landigham had Just been relegated to
private life at the height of his career
and his powers, after ns he wrote, quot
ing Hyron. to a relative, having had
"life's life nlmost lied away." The two
were like the spark and the gunpowder
keg.
Vallandigham welcomed the situation
as giving hlin his opportunity. He hoped
and believed that Stanton's policy
would bring about the defeat of
the Hepubllcans In the Presidential
and Congressional elections of ISOt, and
ho was determined to risk everything In
furthering this result. Then he epected
to see an armistice, a parley, terms of
compromise reached anil the I'nlon re
stored. He firmly believed that It could
not be restored by force of arms and
that the coercion of the South would
mean the establishment of a military
despotism both North and South. Tor
a man with such convictions there was
but one course, and he promptly set
about following his convictions to their
logical conclusion.
For many months Vallainligharn had
been expecting arrest and he described
n n mil).(, ch f
1)auntini; foar ,.,.,, ,,y lnt XJ.,.tli.
iin frlnilj , ,,, m lx,vU,n ha(.
,irilnz,
a sort of volunteer police
force for his protection, and his agents
closely uatiliod the movements of tin;
i
,t is.irm il.-. . lib. is of the army In
civil nttlie. ulin took their stand near
the speaker to make sure of hearing all
he said. What they heard was the bold
est defiance of Hurnslde and his orders,
and a demand for the full constitutional
rights of free speech and public as
semblage. He denounced the war as "wicked.
cruel and unnecessary," not waged for
the preservation of the I'nlon hut for
the purpose of crushing out freedom
.ml erecting a despotism, of freelmr the
blacks and enslaving the whites. He
charged that the Cover nment of the
I'nlted States was about to appoint
military commanders In every district
to restrain the people of their liberties,
to deprive them of their rights and
privileges. Hiirnside's Oeneral Order
No. 38 he denounced as "a base usurpa
tion of arbitrary authority," and he
vidded :
"The sooner the people Inform the
minions of usurped power that they will
not submit to such restrictions upon
their liberties tho better."
He declared that he would always
do what ho could to defeat tho attempts
being made to build up a monarchy
upon the ruins of our free government,
that the men In power wero attempting
to establish a despotism In this country
more cruel and more oppressive than
over existed before. As to Order No. 38
lie despised It and spnt upon it, trampled
It under foot und declined to regard It.
Most of these tilings he had said In
one form or nnother nt previous meet
ings, and it was known that tho Demo
crats of Ohio wero in nn angry nnd dan
gerous mood. Indeed, Vallandigham,
fearing tho premature effect of his
words, had found it necessary to declare
with tho utmost precision that nothing
would Justify violent rcslstanco to the.
Administration except tho utter failure
of constitutional means.
Immediately after this speech rumors
of his coming nrrest thickened, nnd
his friends offered to form a nightly
guard about his house, but ho declined.
Hurnslde was now ready to not, nnd af
ter midnight on tho morning of May 5,
J 1863, ho sent very secretly a file ot
r
oho f i ...ru mv i., o...
'.ilalcaused me to JndulBojn some pale blue
1 soldiers tiy special train from Cin
cinnati to Dayton for the purpose of
making ttu urrrst. At half past two
Vnllnndighnm was nwnkened liy a
pounding on tils front door. Looking
out do heard the tniniti of soldiers and
knew that his hour had come.
Vnlliiridlghnm culled from the window
to ask what was wanted and the reply
was a command that he come down
and submit to arrest at the order of
ItiirtiHlde. He denied Ittirnslde's right
to arrest hint and declined to come
down, The answer was a threat to
shoot 1 1 1 in and his reply was one of
defiance. He then shouted for the po
I lice and closed the window.
Calling a nephew who hud served
with the troops of the I'lilon he armed
him and hade him shoot If there seemed
any hope of resisting effectively. He
, armed himself with a pistol und waited
, wl,,llt' hoMIwh broke Into the house
'and ascended the stairs, occupying
i ,lmsc,f lliirt of u,at. , Uu. llM
eiTort to soothe the four hysterical
women of the household. After three
doors had been brok.m down Vallan
digham, realizing that resistance was
vain, awaited the coming of the sol
diers. They found him standing alone
In a bedroom, nnd presented half a
dozen muskets nt his breast. To them
ho said:
"You have now broken open my
house, and overpowered me by su
perior force and I am obliged to sur
render." The bugles sounded the recall, nnd
the prisoner, surrounded by tho soldiers,
was taken to the railway station nnd
hurried by special train to Cincinnati.
I'earing a popular movement for his
release tho authorities promptly trans
ferred their prisoner to Kemper Bar
racks, across the Ohio Itlver nt Coving
ton, K.
When daylight came a Democratic
mob took possession of Dayton, sacked
VALLANDIGHAM.
From a photograph taken in 1855.
.
bidden even to. member, of the don
I. .1 i- 1
KH, y0 :HqBm
H sd ttfiit
jpl 1 1 Jjj
the ofllce of the chief Itcpubllenn news
paper, tore up the railway tracks, cut
the telegraph lines, nnd was appar
ently ready to resist ttie" troops when
they should come, A few temperate
leaders, however, renllzed the futility
of n civil war at Dayton and er
suaded the hot heads to go home, nnd
when llurnslde's troops approached no
resistance was offered.
Elsewhere In Ohio and among Demo
crats nil over the Fast the nrrest
stirred strong excitement. Vallandlg
hnm managed to smuggle out from his
place of imprisonment nn address to
the Democrats of Ohio, In which he took
the attitude of a martyr to constitu
tional liberty, and such no doubt ho
felt himself to be. Meetings of pro
test were held In various parts of the
State, In New York, at Philadelphia and
elsewhere, and later a delegation of
prominent Democrats went to Wash
ington to present a formal written pro
test to Mr. Lincoln.
'
'.''Hi(S2,pi
CLEMENT L. VALLANDIGHAM.
From a wartime photograph.
That protest gave tho President, who
was certainly no friend of arbitrary
government nnd who probably re
gretted In this particular Instance tho
zeal of Stanton nnd Hurnslde, the op
portunity for a characteristically home
ly and effective saying. Tho Democrats
pointed out that if civilians were sub
jected to military arrest In time of war
tho custom would be continued nfter
tho restoration of peace and the Fed
eral Government would be merely a
despotism upheld by the army. Lin
coln's reply was that whllo he had often
known a sick man to take emetics to
hasten his cure he had never known a
man onco cured to make them a part of
his regular diet.
Burnstdo hastened the trial of bis
prisoner by military commission. It
lasted several days, and distinguished
counsel appeared for the accused. Sun
Bet Cox nppeared as a witness In his be
hnlf. Tho outcome of tho trial was a
THE REV. CLEMENT VALLANDIGHAM,
Father of Clement L., who died in 1839.
- 1 yCt:r Je'.jcx pf tbc S?d f nclo!nK, copy
conviction, nnd the military court lm
pond a sentence of Imprisonment dur
ing the continuance of the war. It was
believed by Vallandlghnm's friends that
Hurnslde favored n sentence of death
and that lie had nrgued some tlmo be
fore the arrest that he could properly
shoot Vallandigham for words uttered
In speeches preceding that at Mount
Vernon.
A writ of habeas corpus was denied
by Judge Leavltt of the I'nlted States
court upon the ground that the crlslx
Justified extra Judicial action. As a
matter of fact the Judge at first felt
that the writ must Issue, but he was so
Impressed with the necessity of sllen-
Ing Vallandigham that he took to his
knees In prayer after reaching his first
conclusion nnd seemed to find guidance
Justifying denial of the writ. The Su
preme Court of the United States de
clined to Interfere upon ground that
Vallandigham himself as a lawyer
seems to havo appruved li sound.
While the country was still buzzing
with the affair and rumors were flying
that Vallandigham would bo sent to the
Dry Tortugas, one of the most dreaded
of Amerlcun fortresses, Mr. Lincoln
tactfully commuted the sentence to
banishment beyond the Union lines Into
the Confederacy. Loyal folk laughed
and said with glee, "Vallandigham Is
going to his. friends nt last." Tom
McGehan. the man In whose defence
Vnllandlgham eight years later sacrl
tlccd his life, wrote upon the banish
ment a doggerel poem to be sung to the
tuno of "Lannigan's Hall," running In
part thus:
Says Jeff to Val. "What's this almtitr'
Sas Val to Jeff, "They've found me out."
Whack, fallnck, falay. faladda.ly.
Whack, fallnck, for Vallaiidlluim'a ball.
Upon Gn. Hosecrans was placed the
duty of transferring tho prisoner to the
Confederacy. Vallandigham wus placed
on board the gunboat Exchange at Cln-
. VALLANDIGHAM.
From photograph taken In 1866.
ol compieiu BttueinLHiuu. nt,OM uu
His Military Arrest
Confederate Lines One ot the Oreat
Sensations of Fifty Years Ago
clnnatl on May 19. On .May 22 she
started for Louisville. It was then that
Vallandigham first learned that his
sentence had been commuted from Im
prisonment In Kurt Warren, Hoston
harbor, to banishment, and he drew up
another address to the Democrats of
Hhlo. protesting that nothing should
deprive him of his citizenship of that
State and of th L'nlted States, nnd pro
claiming his attachment to the I'nlon.
He reached Louisville on May 23 nnd
was hurried southward to Murfreesboro.
where hi; was turned over to Gen. Itose-
crans. "Old Hosy" and the prisoner got
in together pleasantly enough over a
bottle of pleasing proportions and con
tents, but the Oencral did not succeed
In convincing the prisoner of the error
of his ways.
"Ho doesn't look n bit like a traitor
now, docs he?" said the General, eye
ing the prisoner through a glass darkly.
Vallandlgham's request that Rose
crans draw up hit men In hollow squire
and permit him to address them In vin
dication of himself wns prudently .de
nied. "They'd tear you to pieces," said the
General.
"After they'd heard me they'd be
more anxious to tear the Administra
tion to pieces." was the substance of the
prisoner's reply.
At 2 A. M. on May 25 Vallandigham
set out for the Confederate lines guarded
by a squad of cavalry. They advanced
by way of the Shelhyvllle pike, and af
ter nn hour halted nt a wayside house
to await daylight. At dawn the march
was resumed. The prisoner talked
cheerfully of the situation with his es
cort, but seemed considerably moved
as he approached the Confederate lines.
There was some delay because the
Confederate ofllcer to whom a flag of
truce had been sent had doubts whether
the prisoner should be received. He
sent word to Gen. Hragg about the mat
ter, and the Federal escort rode away,
leaving Vallandigham in doubt as to
what would be done with him. Hefor
the Federal soldiers left the scene Val
landigham turned to the only Confed
erate In sight, a private of the Eighth
Alabama, and said gravely:
"I am a citizen of Ohio and of the
United States. I am hero within your
lines by force and against my will. I
therefore surrender myself to you as a
prisoner of war."
Neither Vallandigham nor his some
what uriwllllng captor saw the humor
of that early morning situation. The
prisoner, whom the Alabamlan hardly
knew whether to treat as friend or
Priemy. quietly waited until noon, when
an order from Gen. Hragg Invited him
to headquarters. His reception there
was courteous, and he wns the guest
that night of a hospitable household.
His hostess told him that she had set
aside n room for him a year before, when
she had had a presentiment that he
would bo banished to the Confederacy
and would come to her house. Oddly
enough, she had told the same tale to
some of her neighbors long before Val
landlgham's arrest.
it nnvnnnv pvhopiah runt tun h-iri.
iMhnrl mnn tviiMlfl mnu-n n inlutnL-n rf
minim? tlio rnnfonnrrtpv Mint namnn
w.'ia iinnmnil tn illtinnnnlnrniAnt 1 T a
an t-AWL-mvij nunui u ni-vp iu rvc-
ord clean In accordance with the Action
....... ...., -u ... .I,.-- emu
ctull nn .Tone 1 tri roimpt ftn it'ir.il.,
- - ' "
..en. nmng at v limington. .N. A
friendly demonstration by Confederate
soldiers ns he was alxiut to take the
train nt Shelhyvllle for Chattanooga
was suppressed by the olllcers.
At Wilmington he took passage June
17 on a blockade runner for Hermuda,
i ml Just escaped capture by a United
States man-of-war by suggesting to
the captain that he parade his men on
deck In British uniforms. The sight
of the scarlet led the man-of-war to
mistake the blockade runner for a Brit
ish troop ship and she was suffered to
proceed unquestioned. Vallandigham
took steamer from Bermuda and ar
rived at Halifax 'on July 5.
From Halifax the exile, who had
meanwhile tieen nominated for Gover
nor of Ohio, went t Quebec and thence
to Niagara Falls. From this point lie
began his campaign for Governor by
Issuing n long address to the Democrats
of Ohio. I.ater he removed to Windsor,
where he lived for the remainder of his
stay In Canada.
Vallandigham apparently hoped that
he would be elected Governor, a result
that would have meant the repudiation
of the national Administration by Ohio,
and might have led to n serious at
tempt to force nn nrmistlce with the
South. Yallandlghnm's favorite notion,
and a convention of the States to make
terms of reunion. He was defeated by
a majority of 100,000, but a surprising
number or voters stood by him. As a
matter of fact his vote was the largest
hitherto given to n Democratic can
didate for Governor of Ohio, and was
morn than 25,000 greater than that cast
for tho Democratic candldato of two
years earlier.
Vallandigham had planned to return
to Ohio Just before the end of his cam
paign to make n dramatic and unex
pected nppenrnnce at one of the great
public meetings and to stump the State
from that time to tho day of tho elec
tion. HlB friends, however, strongly
dissuaded him from the undertaking as
sure to end in his death, and a severe
storm on the night he had planned his
return prevented his crossing tho
Detroit river.
Confederate agents conferred with
Vallandigham during his stay In Cnn
ada, but he soon realized that he and
they wero too far apart In hopes and
alms for any effective cooperation. After
his defeat he consented to become the
head of nn nnthbound secret organiza
tion strong In tho middle West and
known under various titles. Under his
headship It was called the Sons of Lib
erty. Some of Its members planned
trensononie uoings, and the Indiana
treason trials of 1865 disclosed these
designs and ended in tho sentencing of
one man to ueatn, nut ho was pardoned
by President Johnson. Vallandigham
apparently believed that the Sons of
Liberty might bo effectively used to
torco an nrmtsuce Willi tlie Confeder
ncy, but he Insisted that the constHu
tlon of the order should bo In no way
inconsistent witn tne Constitution of the
United States. No man ever trod nearer
m) line or treason.
The exile secretly returned home In
June, 1864, and suddenly appeared at a
puuuc meeting, ue aeems to havo ex-
and Exile Into the
honed that such an event would cause
rising of the Sons of Liberty, .-so arresi
came, however. He manuge.l to have
the 'war declared a failure by the Demo
cratic national convention of 18.il. but
the effective answer to that charge was
t i , ...AtArt ....... M.I ft,., rnfilit lirentt-
down of the Confederacy.
The rest Is soon told. Vallandigham
resumed his old place of influence in
Ohio and was barely beaten for Con
gress by Gen. Schenck In 18C8. Then in
1871 he astonished his party by father'
Ing In Ohio what wns known ns the New
Departure that Is, an announcement
tliut bygones should be bygones, that
the results of the war should lie ac
cepted and that the party In State nnd
nation should turn to nw issues.
The thing wns receded with enthu-
asm nil over tne .Norm, uui me auuior
01 IIIC LTC'IIUl lUlf UIU t.Wfc n
profit by ills own invention. He had
been busy with his law practice in the
Intervals of politics. The man who hud
lampooned him In 1S63, a rough but
witty professional gambler nnd saloon
keeper, wns accused of having murdered
a man In a gambling house at Hamilton,
Ohio, nnd turned to his old political
enemy for aid. Vallandigham took the
case and conceived the theory that the
dead man had accidentally killed himself
In drawing his pistol as McGehan
entered the room.
The theory was clinched by the law
yer himself, for In demonstrating to lib
associate how the thing could have been
done Vallundlgham picked up a loaded
... I- ! I - S k n n . 1 Tm n I .... I
.lent ncctirred nt Lebanon. Ohio. June 16
iBTn i j .itn.i iiiA nnvi rtav Mni.pn.in
Jury at first disagreed and eventually
wns cleared.
, ft ftC.t
Among the troops moving forward
the Mexican border tho army mule
pack train has its place of honor, for in
Mexico the mule pack train would be of
immeasurable service. With the Thir
teenth United States Infantry Is a pack
train or nooui seveniy-nve muies, many
of them veterans
The army pack mule Is a wise, crafty
animal. He has customs and manners
uiiu pevuuui lues ui tits uwii itiai tcsc-tt
problems In psychology. During
recent military manoeuvres In Kansas
tho Fort ltlley pack train was In the
field. Kansas farmers are still swearing
at tho acquired and inborn cussedness
of those mules.
If the terms descriptive of the equl
mem oi .tic uuioinouiip Him ueropian
words that tell or the Cf.ir of the nne
train, in weignt me typical pack mil
runs from 600 to 700 pounds, and h
to robin hlue.
The Fort Riley pack train Is managed
by n master packer and seven or eight
assistants. These packem are civilians,
mostly from the plains nnd mountain
country and are the most picturesque
individuals in the army service. They
i i.aia . i i .i . .
n n mi . . .
tvmn ntu t.An.i i i. ....n-
t i.
elimination, ns the weaker recruits
drop out.
,11ml aiiu are a icariess, independent lot
... . rt. .. . ...
ot men. i new wear ine nroaii nr mmori
'white hat of the rmvhnv v,l.,l
shirts, high hovleil hrkntR nnil untiva with
....... a.i a ,.icici siuoKing a pipe.
The packers chew vast quantities of
tobacco and smoke many cigarettes.
On the march a pipe Is n bother to the
packer In his frequently getting on and
'"ei'vii u, ii, uikuu wiiu a muie mat
ltplicenn fhn t,,ntli nnrl ..... V.A ...(.Mir
'..... ...... .... ..., j utt u uii. ri j
tuai UMiir int. .' x i it' i i nnnuar ifnnuri
many strange oatns. some of them so
. 1 1 , I .. c lhal tltn 1. 1 .1 . . . L
shudder at the sound.
r.n.1 nn . I 1. . I . . 1 . I . 1
the mule's Kick sore, ae a mule with
sore back Is about as tractable as
blhn wnlf n'lfh n "nnuqum wnnnlrml" tail
The exnert nneker can balance a nark
nine. iiy .1 kiiiii oi iiieuiiii leieiiHLii
wun mo pacK nna at once lie appiie
the remedy.
Led by a loose animal wenrlng a bell
the pack train goes swaying along th'
road, the mules In single file at on
liioiiietll tittii inc'll uj iivin til lilt era Vljm
nil together, sometimes at n walk nndl
mean la thn Itau, In Oia finite If ilir'
Is anything tn eat tho packers find It
In his Indian campaigns Gen. Crook
preferred to eat with his packers, know-.
ing that their table was the best. I
Many of the mules are called he'll
sharks. A bell shark Is a mule hope
lessly enamored of the bell leader. For
the latter a freakish pony or horse la
chosen, one that has been locoed or is
too vicious nnd Intractable for other
use. He moves ahead, with the ball
Jingling, and the mules follow. They
would follow him to the muzzle ot a
cannon. The moment he stops thJy
crowd round him ns closely as possible,
each trying to get nearest, and so long
as the bell Jingled round his neck they
would remain, refusing to graze or go
to water. For this reason when ti
bell horse and the mules are turned ou
to graze at night the bell la muffled or
removed.
A pack train Is an expensive mode of
transportation, taking much feed and
water and many packers, but It has
been demonstrated that despite the ex
penses the army cannot get along with
out lta paek mules. Nowadays on
good roada an army auto truck can haul
at one load as much as a whole mulr
pack train can carry. So could twor
three of the old army escort wagdtf
Out when the roads are boggy, bridge
gone and the mud knee deep, when
wagons can no longer be pulled up
mountain aides and the trail grow
dimmer and narrower and la lost anion,"
the rocks of the mountains or the aand
ot the desert, all that haa been de
valoped In the way of rapid tranaportn
tlon fives war to the paek mule, who'
bonaa whiten the routes ot the arml
ol the world.