The sun. [volume], September 13, 1913, Page 4, Image 4

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4
THE SUN, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 1913.
HUERTA CABINET IS
SPLIT; REYES OUT
President niu His Advisor Have
Piffpront Views on
Policy.
MILITARY RI LE GENERAL
CItII (iovpnirnpnfs In Nearly All
the States to Be
Abolished.
fperitil OMft sor la Tns Bex
Mexico City. Sept. 12. The resigna
tion of Rodolfo Iteycs an Minister of
Justice has been accepted, and he will
he succeeded In office temporarily by
Augustln Garni Gallndo, the present
Vice-Minister Ot Justice.
It Ix xtated on highly reliable au
thority that Jnsc Maria Loinno will be
changed from MlnlHtrr of I'ubllr In
xtructlon to the poxt of Mlnlxter of Jus
tlre. A feeling of unrest pcrvadex the Cabi
net and It sc-ms certain that Senor de la
Fuente tvill resign aa Mlnlxter of Com
munication and will be succeeded by lien
Oarcla Cuellar.
Thlx will solve the problem of E. N.
Brown's Peeignsi on from Ul " s
' the National Hallwayx Company, aa hta
discontent haa been rauard altogether M
oof- .. i.i i-ut-ntex interference with
the hi ma of the company.
f Many people think that the precedent
stablishcd by Senor (h) la Fuctite' i In
terference with the reliin of capital wax
the principal reason why the Govern,
ment coubl not make a complete success
of a foreign loan. These people believe
thai the rc:gn:itiun of Senor de la Fucntc
will enable Mexico to get more money
abroad.
It ix the intention of the Huerta ad
ministration to put all the frontier States
under military governor! ax a meanx of
checking the efforts of the rebela to
xmuggle arms and ammunition across the
border and to expedite pacification along
the International line. Nuevo I, con. Coa
hulla and Tamuullpax already have mili
tary governorx. No change ix to be made
In the ClVll government of Lower Cali
fornia. It Ix XX pact ad to eomplete thix pro
gramme In a very short time and leave
only OsXSOSi QtSOfoUlfO anil the terri
tories of Lower California and Teplc un
der civil administration,
MARKING TIME ON MEXICO.
Washington wails Harris's Mea
aaae to I unstress.
Washington. Sept, 1 J. - Washington
has settled, down to wait for the meg.
sage of President Huerta to Congress, to i
be delivered probably Tuesday next, ax
the only development In eight promising i
ny illumination on what is going to
happen next In Mexico.
Cspt, Santa CarnVO, who was In com- J
mand of the forces thai an- said to have
killed the Ann rictus Edward Hayes and .
Robert Thomas at .Madera on August II
hM been arrested. United States Consul
Edwards will ib mand that the man be
tried at Juares and that the United
States Government be permitted to tiac
S repreaentatlve present and offer evl
dence to the court. The arr.l of Santa
OaravO is the result of represents 'Ions I
made by Charge d'Affnlres OShaugh-
iieaay at Mexico city.
Advleee from Torreon to-day Indicated
that the aanltary xltuatlon there Is not
ax bad ax hax been reported. Dr. Ryan,
sent from Mexico city with medical aup
pllcx for tha American colony, haa ar
rived there. No Americans have been
killed, hut a number Were put In prison.
They have all been released. Oen. Bravo,
commanding the rebel forces at Torreon,
Ix permitting Amerlcanx to go and come
nx they please without the formality of
paaaes.
Oov. Maytorena of the State of Honors
has sent s communication to the White
House protesting to the President against
tbs embargo on arms. The Governor de
rlarca that American neutrality Is more
apparent than real, Inaamuch ax the
Huerta Government can buy Ha arms In
Kurope or Japan, having posseasion of
the coaxt ports, while the rebels can get
them only from the United States.
REFUGEE TRAIN ON WAY.
Americans Are Kapeeted to Reach
Kl Paso To-day.
El Paxo, Tex., Sept. 11. A train with
American and other foreign refugees
aboard Ix expected to arrive In Juares to
morrow from Chihuahua city, which It
left to-day. The train Ix coming without
an excort and ix flying white flagx. It Ix
not believed that rebelx will molest ths
passengers aa no arms, ammunition or
otner war xuppllex are on the train.
Two train loadx of coal were sent to-day
from Juares to Chihuahua city under a
guard of 100 men, to keep the American
xmelter In nperstlon. No troop trslna left
Thursday or to-day.
MEXICANS KILL TEXAN.
Urpotr Sheriff la Victim or A ax ma.
altloa lasgglen.
Ban Antonio, Tex.. Bept. 12 Word Ix
to-day anxiously swatted from two troops
of cavalry pursuing a baud of Mexican
ammunition smuggler who killed Deputy
Sheriff fatal, ten. Ortil cxterday after
taking bim and Deputy Buck Prisoners
in a ngbt with a poxxe In which one
xmuggler wax killed Buck wax found
by a rescuing party tied to a tree. Or
tix'x body wax discovered xoon afterward.
Feeling agalnxt Mexicans Ix Intenxe, and
further trouble Ix expected.
$100,000 APPROPRIATED
House Grants Money tu Brlna Irnrr
Irana Prom Mexico.
Washington, .Sept. 12. Representative
Underwood, majority leader, Introduced a
resolution in the rtouse to-niKlit providing
for an appropriation of lloo.oon for the
contingent fund of the State Department
to be used In paying for the transporta
tion of destitute American citizens out of
Mexico. The resolution was passed with
out a division.
Mr. I'nderwood explained that he wax
In receipt of a letter from the Secretary
of State telling lilm that the con
tingent fund lias been so depleted that
but 112.000 now remains. The liepart-
msnt is spending about I2.nnu a day in
aiding American! in .Mexico and it canuot
afford to wait the enactment of the sun
dry civil appropriation Mil with jhe lij.-
oOo therein provided.
MEXICANS JOIN EXODUS.
Prominent Men I. covins to Organise
Revolt la Belief.
see. ml ii6 ttripntrh to Tax 8t v
Vkha CgPS, Mexico.. Sept. 12. Each
steamer I saving hen- Is taking a full
quota of prom'ne.it Mexicans and there la
a suspicion that some of them are going
to Organise a new revolution Itaiiiou
FOUR
There are but two logical methods of building1
motor cars.
One method is to produce cars in enormous
quantities so as to bring the price down as
low as possible.
The other method is to produce cars in limited
quantities so that each car will be of the
highest quality.
Each system has but one real exponent In a
middle Western city, "mass production" en
ables a good small car to be made and sold at a
low figure. In a New England city,"The Best
Built Car in America" is produced practically
car by car, by the finest mechanics in the world.
One car carries out one ideal, the other a
totally different ideal. Both are right. Both
are built, not assembled. One company
makes 1,000 cars a day, the other company
Four Cars a Day. The idea back of one car
isto give the most for the money; the idea
back of the other is to give the best, regard
less of price.
The smaller car is turned out like the well
known and worth while "dollar watch." The
greater car is built like a Chronometer. Any
other car is a compromise.
The Locomobile now occupies a peculiar posi
tion. is the only high grade car whose sales have
There will always be a demand for the limited number of cars we make
Because we have been building for the future our plant will always run
at capacity, without reducing the quality of our product.
LOCOMOBILE COMPANY OF
Broadway and
Roaalea. Clovernoe of ths' State of Hidalgo,
snd Bordcs Mangel, President Of ths
Maderlata Congress, managed to escape
on the Ward Line boat yesterday al
though warrsnts for thslr arrest had been
sent here. R Is thought that they will
ask for orders ffm the revolutionary
Junta at Havana.
("also Acosto, a prominent Pellxlstx. left
on the Navarre to consult with Gen. Felix
Dlas In Europe.
A military train arrived here to-day
with a, regiment on ths way to Tatnplco
to Join the main foreea which are operat
ing against ths Carranslstas. They will
go to Monclova.
SWISS APPEAL FOR AID.
V. ft. Salted Protect Helvetia
Reildeata of Msalen.
Sgecxsf Caftf DsssatcA to Taa ton.
Bkrn. Hept. 18. Swltserland haa ap
pealed to the United Btstex to protect the
lives and property of Swiss residents of
Mexico, who number several hundred.
Much Swiss money Is Invested In the
country. So far one Swiss haa been
killed, several have been maltreated, and
others rained financially.
President Wilson's future policy In
Mexico will be closely followed here.
ABDEBSOV ATTACH CAUCUS.
Regreseatatlve Offers Rrxolstlon for
Commlssloa af laoolry.
WashinotoM. Sept. IS. Representative
Sydney Anderxon of Minnesota, tbs Re
publican member of the Ways snd Mesns
Committee, who resigned his seat on that
committee, charging that caucus domina
tion of the House majority nullified the
value of a thinking minority, Introduced
a resolution to-day In ths House providing
for the creation of a "commission on
legislative matters and practices."
The object of the commission will be to
ascertain whether or not the present
rub s, methods snd practices of the House
sre such sx to conduce to efficient and
economic legislation.
The resolution also authorises the com
mlxslon to Investigate and report ax to
whether or not the rules, methods snd
practices of the organisation are such aa
unreasonably restrict or curtail the rights
and prerogatives of members of the
House. Further, the commission is to
ascertain whether or not the effect of
caucus control haa been to deprive any
member of the House of his rights and
I prerogatives under the Constitution and
i statutes of the United States.
TWO WOMEN FIGHT OVER BOY.
Poller Solomon I. ri. Lad Decide for
Aaat Agjalasl Mother.
Two women who were struggling
fiercely to gain possession of s sixteen-year-old
boy yesterday In front of the
Church of the Sacred Heart. Fifty-first
street nesr Tenth avenue, while thsy
struck each other with their handbags,
brought Policemen Mslley snd Crosby of
the West Forty-seventh street station run
ning to the spot One of the women
screamed that she wss the boy's mother
and had a. right to take hlin away from
the other woman, who aaid he was her
nephew and belonged in her charge.
The two women, with the terrified
youngster, were taken to the atatlon
house. Here they said they were sisters,
Mra. Sadie Knrte and Mrs. Margaret Jen
kins, mother of the Isd. Clarence Edward
: Jenkins.
When asked by Lieut Frys the boy
I sobbed out that he preferred to go with
i his aunt. While Mrs. Korts was talking
her sister made several furioua attacka
on her and had to be dragged off by po
licemen. The lieutenant turned the boy
over to hla aunt and ordered the mother
i to leave them alone. Mrs. Jenkins went
out threatening to appear at Stnrkbridge
I and avenge herself.
CARS
MOTOR CARS AND MOTOR TRUCKS
Seventy - Sixth Street
DANGER IN GLASS
BILL, SAYS HARD WICK
Rut "Being a Good Democrat''
He Will Vote for Cnr
reney Measure.
DEFENDS CAUCI'8 SYSTEM
Sloan Says Administration Party
Was Been Wrong for n
(feneration.
Washington, Sept. 12 Representative
Thomas W. Hardwtck or Georgia In the
general debate on the Glass currency bill
to-day attacked the measure. He scouted
particularly tha regional reserve system
snd charged that the development of this
system of flnsnce. even If It destroyed the
"Wall Street Oligarchy," would establish
In Its plsce political control of the finances
of the United States.
Nevertheless Mr. Hardwtck announced
his Intention to vote for the Ulsss bill. He
ssld thst he accepted the dictum of the
("Democratic caucua as the final word for
any good Democrat and announced that
he would abide by its decision. Then he
begsn s defence of the caucus system, say
ing :
"I would not set up my Judgment arid
my own conscience as the standard of leg
islation. There would be chaos and an
archy In this Congress If we aa Individuals
refused to accept majority action ax the
guide of our votes In legislation."
Mr. Hardwick'x defence was brought
forth by the attack made on caucus legis
lation by Representative Sydney Anderson
of Minnesota, who resigned hla seat on
the Ways and Means Committee lust night.
alkleg llefeads Measarr.
Representative Robert J. Bulkley nf
Ohio, Democrat, gave a scholarly defence
of the currency measure. He assailed the
recommendations mads to Congress by the
representatives of the Chicago bankers'
conference. He ssld that the only compre
hensive reform measure on Currency In
fifty years was the Glass bill, and th.it
even though It were Imperfect In detail it
should be enacted Into law without delay.
"It will not do," said Mr. Hulkley, "to
meet the question of currency reform half
way. ax the Chicago hankers' i-onferencp
left us to do. They expressed the be
lief that we should permit thr reserves
to be carried one-third in the vault, one
third with the regional reserve bans and
one-third with the reserve agent. Thts
is temporising."
Mr. Bulkley asserted that the bankers
agreed to the basic principles of the bill,
and he denied their contention that It
would take more than three years for a
readjustment of conditions to meet the de
msnds of the new law. He did not believe
that the hankers were doing themselves
full Justice when they said they could
not prepare fpr the change In so short a
while.
Representative Edmund Piatt of New
York, and Repreaentatlve Charles it.
Sloan of Nebraska, alao spoke on the cur
rency measure. Mr. Blosn charged the
Democrats with having an overwhelming
conceit in striving to Jam through so
important a bill aa the currency measure
under the whip and spur of the caucus.
What do ths Democrats know about
A DAY
increased during the past two years-' This success
of the LocomoDile is due to the policy of build
ing not more than four cars a day. All of the
power and the experience of the Locomobile
organization has been concentrated on a
limited production.
Years ago we concluded that just so surely as
the best cheap car could only be produced in
very large number, just so surely could the
car of highest quality be produced only in
limited quantities.
Our policy from the very start was to build
cars in small lots so that each car could have
the most intimate attention. When others
were increasing their plants and building
more cars, we were increasing our quality,
striving to make the Locomobile "The Best
Built Car in America."
Every Locomobile has been built like every
other Locomobile. Every Locomobile has
been built with the utmost care. Every Loco
mobile has been built to carry out the ideal of
quality, not a commonplace, commercial ideal.
The Locomobile will be made as it always has
been made, in limited quantity and with un
limited care. (Despite the present demand
for the Locomobile and despite any rumor to
the contrary, we will not increase our produc
tion and make more cars. )
AMERICA
New York City
currency, anyhow?" demanded Mr. Sloaa.
"They have beef! consistently wrong on sll
matters of physical legislation for a gen
eration ; currency, coinage, banking, tariff
snd all, and it is disturbing to Me the
Democratic party set Itself up ax capable
of saying the last word In such Important
legislation and denying the free discus
sion and the right of freedom lo vote con
scientiously by thf members of the party
on this bill."
The House sat until 10 o'clock to
night with the attendance varying from
a half dosen to a score of members, dis
cussing In general debate the currency
bill.
JERSEY qOW'S HEW MILK RECORD
Mlchlgaa Animal Produces IN, Tun
Hopomtok, Mich., Sept. 12.--A new
world's milk record for Jersey cows was
recorded to-day by F.mlnents Hess, owned
by the Roy Cross Farm of Houghton
county, Michigan. Her yearly record
under the supervision of the Michigan
Agricultural College shows a production
of 1S.7IS pounds of milk, testing 1.132
pounds $ ounces of butter.
Ths formsr Jersey record, held by
Jacoba Irene, was 17.SS8 pounds of milk.
The new record exceeds also the Guern
sey breed record, held by SMtwoo5
Daisy Pearl, by 17 pounds of milk.
MAY HALT M'ADOO
IN CITY BANK CASE
f'viitinurd frem First 9m.
lias been accepted here as evidence that
the decision finally Is to Ue rendered from
the office of Mr. Williams or Mr. McAdoo
and not from the Comptroller's ohice.
The situation Ix made more Interesting
by the fact that thlx office of so much
importance to the banking and general
business Interests has been allowed lo
td unfilled since the retirement of l.a
rence I). Murray in April. With capable
Democrats clamoring for places people
here have not tieen abb- to understand
why the Wllaon Administration allowed
this Important office to drift on without a
regular appointee. The salary each month
has been turned back Into the Knlled
States Treasury.
To be sure, the office is now in com
petent hands. Ailing Comptroller Kane,
who has been connected with the office
for many years, Js ip charge, and under
the law Ix endowed with all the powers
of the Comptroller. But the acting Comp
troller Is appointed directly by the Sec
retary of the Treasury and Is subject to
removal by him.
Washington thinks It has finally found
an answer to why the place is being left
open It Is so that John Skeltun Williams
may step Into the office from the Assist
ant Secretaryship after the new banking
and currency hill has been enacted. Un
der the proposed law the Comptroller of
the Currency Is to become a more power
ful and important officer than he Is now.
and Incidentally the salary is to be In
creased, rrom 13,000 to flO.000 a year.
The new bill makes the Comptroller
one of the members of the Federal re
serve bank hoard, which will have con
trol of the banking system of the country.
The other members of this board are the
Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary
ot Agriculture and four so-called lay
members. The belief prevails among
bankers loat the Scretary of the Treas
ury and ths Comptroller of the Currency
will exercise a dominating Influence in the
system, and If this be true It can easily
be seen what tremendous power would lie
In the hands of Mr. Mcdoo ;ind his pres
ent Asxlttant Secretary.
PRIVATE SCHOOLS
OF THE SOUTH
How the Educational Problem Has Been Met by
Virginia. West Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee,
North Carolina, South Carolina. Geor
gia, Florida and Alabama
By I.. K. TITKRR, School Kdltor
I First The Xo.thern Social snd Kd-
I neat tonal Ideal.
The educational problem In the South
ern States, even from, the early days of
their settlement, haa differed greatly from
that of the States of the North. In the
maiorltv of the Northern Statrs, In those
: earlier daya, social rank was unthought
or. All in tne community ranaea. i ne
settlers dwelled together In little farms
clustered In a village. What was more
natural than that each village should
soon have its school?
In the South the manner of living was
very different. Rnch landowner had a
large tract of land. Therefore, nelgh
liors were far Opart. Often It look one
landowner the bcttei part of the day on
horseback to reach the dwelling of the
next landowner. Thus the country had
no clustered towns In the New Kngland
sense of the word. There wtre many
plantations stretched over a sparsely set
tled area of country. Thus It may
readily be seen that it was Impossible for
the South to have "town schools," as they
were known In New England. Therefore,
the educational tnethod In the South
naturally became , the tutorial one for
the sons and daughters of the wealthy
landowners. Ignorance was the portion
of the children of servitors and slaves.
As soon ax the child became 15 or 16
years of age, the usual custom was to
send him to England to enter the pre
paratory school, college or university, for
entrance Into which he had been tutored.
As the prosperity of the Bouthern
planters Increased the number of alavee,
and naturally of slave children, multi
plied and the percentage of Illiteracy be
came alarmingly great.
The civil war did much to rearrange
social conditions. Th" breaking up of the
large plantations Into many entailer
liomes. the freeing of the slsves and the
passage of compulsory education laws
hove combined to cause an efficient sys
tem of public schools to be established.
The nutural patrician pride of the South
has led to the establishment of a large
numla r of private schools, many of which
have become phenomenslly successful.
Vlrglala.
The State of Virginia has the honor of
being the seat of the establishment of
ths first permanent settlement In America
Fairly lack of Interest in education was
due to tutorial method of Instruction and
to geographical difficulties In the estab
lishment of schools. Howvver, this Stats
is now replacing Its former state of In
activity by one of great educational prog
ress. An excellent administrative system haa
been worked out and recently enacted
educational laws have combined to pro
mote efficiency In checking Illiteracy.
In 1908 the establishment of depart
ments of domestic economy, agriculture
and manual training in at least one high
school m 'each Congressional district waa
required. In 1910 a law provided special
State aid of at least two rooms to leach
rural graded school. Th compulsory
education law requires that all children
between the years of 8 and 12 shall at
tend public or private school at least
twelve weeks per year I of which at least
six weeks must be consecutive) unless
he Is excused on account of weakness of
mlml or unless he Uvea more titan two
miles from a publio school or more than
ons mils fron an -established public
school wagon route.
In 190 normal schools were established
at Harrisonburg and at rsderiekahn
The Virginia Xurmal and Industrial Insti
tute at Petersburg snd the Virginia Agri
cultural and Mechanical College and Poly
technic Institute at Blacksburg have been
established.
The more Important higher Institutions
of learning in the State are the Virginia
Military institute Lexington I. Univer
sity of Virginia OS17, Charlottesville),
College of William and Mary t l9J. Will
iamsburg), Washington and Lee Univer
sity (1749, lx-xlngton). Hampden-Sidney
t'oliege 1 1 776. Hampden-Sidney), Klch
mond College 1 1832. Klchmond). Han-dolph-Macon
College (1SS2, Ashland).
Kmory and Henry College is38. Kmorv).
Roanoke Collage (1S6J. Salem). Bridge
water College 11879, BrldgSWStsr), Fred
ericksburg College (lsn.l. Krederlcks-
uurg, lrgtnla Union University li99
Klchmond) and Virginia Christian College
( 1903, .Lynchburg).
West Xlralnla.
The early history of West Virginia is
the samefas that of the Stgto of Virginia,
wi w-iovii n was long a pari, flow e el
time increased the social
political eco
nomic differences between the two sections
of the country and led to the inevitable
result that West Virginia should be por
tioned off from Virginia and recognised
as a separate State.
The nrst educstional history of the
State waa naturally scanty. Recently a 1
compulsory education law provides for
each child during the ages of eight to
fifteen years twenty -four weeks a year.
I. e., provided ths publio school in his
district Is in session for that length of
time.
A fairly goo.l system of State super
vision of education bus been worked out.
The State prepares its teachers by main
taining six not inal schools for white stu
dents and two for colored students. Those
for white ones are located at Huntingdon,
Kairmoni, West Liberty, Glenvllle, Khcp
herdstown and Athens. Those for colored
students af.- located at Institute and I
Hill, field. I
West Virginia University, founded In
HIT at Moigautoun. is tin head of the
State educational avstem.
The other principal institution! of
higher learning are Hethany College
(1141, Bethany), .Morris .Harvey College
i tk. ilurhoursyllle I . West Virginia
Wsslsygn College (1911. Ituckhannon),
liuls ami Kiklns College (1904. Klklns).
Kentaekr.
Kentucky was the first Htate nettled In
that wonderful movement which devel
oped the United States west of the Alle
ghany Mountains,
The rural school history of Kentucky
reveals a most unsatisfactory condition
of affairs. There were severul changes
In the number of trustees und In the num
ber of days In the session before a butter
condition was worked out. The system
provides that negru children and whits
children shall be taught In separate
cnooig,
The Kentucky elementary schools ars
now classified as rural schools, graded
schools and city or country high schools.
Excellent copipuisoiy education acts
have been passed. Tin- teuchers are com
pelled to attend yearly county Institutes
of ttve or ten daya session.
,Thu State Agricultural and Mechanical
College has now become the State Uni
versity, free to all, except that a small
tuition fee Is required In the School of
Law.
In It "C Kentucky established two nor
mal schools, respectively ut Richmond and
Bowling Green for whites. State coun
try scholarships for these normal schools
ure maintained. A normal school for
negroes Is maintained at Frankfort.
The leading State educational Insti
tutions are Central University (Danville),
Transylvania DnlVOIlUj (Lexlngtuu),
Georgetown College (Georgetown). Kun.
j tucky Wcsleyan College (Winchester) and
I Bei-ea College (Berea).
TennegSef I lotUttOd. in that nail of the
l ulled States made I'Hmuus in the days
of exploration und discovery by He Solo.
glnla it was the chief battleground
civil war. During that war fit bolt . .
and skirmishes are said to have Uk i
place within its borders.
Thus, it may readily be seen thai I
State duty of education suffered qu i
some Interruption.
However, In common with ill ,
States. Tennessee is now entering
a period of great educational aotlvl
In 1(09 a general education law, ehli
provided that 25 per cent, of the gross
State revenue should be devoted to tv
cause of education was passed. The Unl
verslty of Tennessee Is at the head of tie
State system of education, it was fotindi I
In 1T94.
Other Important Htnte institutions of
higher learning are: University of Nash
villa (17I&), Washington mid TuSculutn
College (1794, Ureenvllls). Marvuli..
College (1819. Maryvllle), Cumberland
University (1842, Lebanon), Burrltt Col
lege (1848, Spencer), Hiwassee College
(1849, Sweetwater). Bethel College
(1880, Mackensle), Carson and Newm. i
College 11861, Jefferson City), Walden
University (IMS, Nashville), Klsk Urn
verslty (18. Nashville), University of
Chattanooga (187, Chattanooga), Urn.
verslty of the South (1888, Sewsneo
King College (18(9, Bristol), Christian
Brothers College (1871, Memphis). Knox
vtlle College (1878, Knoxvllle), Milllga i
College ( 1882, Mllligan), Southwestern
Presbyterian College (188B, ClarkTvlll,.
and Lincoln Memorial University (ltS,
Cumberland Gap).
North aad Heath Carolina.
The proprietors of this colony pfOpoSt
to establish here a feudal and aristocratic
form of government. From the very be
ginning this tract of land tended to
divide, both geographically and poht
Ically. into two aectlona, later known aa
two Hta,tes.
North Carolina established its srlmol
system In 18S9. The State was most
fortunate in having thia system based
upon the programme In 1816 for Hm'
education by Archibald Debow Murph
a man whose educational Ideas w
greatly in advance of his day. The Stat,,
educational department was for soma
years under the direction of Calvn
Henderson Wiley, often called the Horn ..
Mann of the South. The State eriuca
tionoal department was first known is
the Bute "literary board."
Thanks to the wise administration of
Dr. Wiley the schools, unlike tho f
nearly all of the Southern states er
kept open during the civil war period
The present school system, headed i
the University of North Carolina eststi
llshed at Chapel Hill In 1798 (one of tr
oldest universities of the South), is tl ill
efficient one. It has about NO students
Other State educational Institutions a.
College of Agriculture and Mechanic Art-.
(1889, West Italeigh), State Normal and
Industrial College for Women (1892
Qreeraboro) and the Kast Carolina Teach
ers Training School ( 1907, Greensville I
Negroes arc provided for by an Agrlcul
tural and Mechanical College (1891
Greensboro) and by normal and Indu
trial schools at Winston, FejrettevHle and
Elisabeth City.
Other important Institutions of hlghi r
learning are: Wake Fore: College
( 1884, Wake Forest ), Davidson Collegi
( 1837, Davidson). Biddle UnPersIt) (for
negroes, Charlotte), Greensboro rVmsk
Collage (184B. South). Guilford Colli
(18S7, near Oreensboro). Trinity Colli
(1831. Durham). Lenoir College (Is'i
Hickory), Catawba College (1k51. n .
ton). Weaverville College ( 1873. W. ,
vtlle). Elon College (189(1. Kloni f
Mary's College 1 1S77. Belmont), il
University (for negroes, ISd.y flali rh
Livingston Collese (for negroes, It
Salisbury).
In South Carolina public cli,.ol educa
tion was provided as early as 1T10 f
poor children. The present public ichis.l
system was established in lMv T
State supports ths following Instltul n
either wholly or in part: (Tniverslt)
South Carolina (1101, Columbia), S. II
Carolina Millta? Academy (called l
"Citadel," IMS, Charleston ), Clemson
Agricultural College iisin, Clemson i
Winthrop and Industrial Collegi I
Girls (1895, Rock Hill), and the Color, i
.-Normal, inilustri.il. Agilcultural ami M.
1 ? u J '"''Ke ,lv ''' Orangeburgl
' 0,ner higher educational Instltul
are: Collsgs of Charleston 1179
: Charleston ), Newberry College
Newberry). Presbyterian College
South Carolina (1110 Cll
College HN39, Due West I
Inton), Ei
Purman i 't
verslty iisB2, Greenville), Wofford c
lege (I8,ri4, Bpartansburg), Converse V
lego (1890. Rpartanaburg), College t
Women (1890, Columbia), Columbis ('
lege U8B9, Columbia). Greenville K m i
College ilsfit, Greenville), Latidei K.
male College ilnT2. Wllllamston)
he Due West Female College (1859, i
West). Par negroes there are Clafli'
University ( lilt, Orangeburg), Mien
verslty (lsKl. Columbia) and si in
normal and Industrial schools
(rorala.
The lust established of the Kn
colonial was the present State of il
The i bb f occupation Of the St. it. iv
riciilture. Which lias natural!) glvei
agricultural ton,, to tin trend of
tlon. The chief weakness Of thi
putsory educational law Is thai II
ates the labor at tender age of thi
tol.
Cl.l
dren of widows or of orphans Tl
unfortunate. beCAUgS these children
the very ones who most need tie
tectlon of the. State.
As early as im: tha state of i;.
set iisiile ii sum of money for Hi
pose of paying the tuition of In
I"
children in the private schools Tl
proprlatiou continued to be mud.' un
1870, w hen a State system of . I ,
was Introduced. The educational pri
lem In Georgia Is still far from sol tl o
for In 188U the State ranked ninth in ii
literacy.
The University of Georgia heads tl
State educational system. In );
eleven colleges of agricultural and II
chanicai arts were established, one m . i
Congressional district. Tho first gi
of the University of Georgia, know i
Franklin College ( 1785), was the tire
State college chartered In America,
Other important institutions of high. I
learning are : Medical College of (i
(Mi, Augusta), State College of As
culture and Mechanic Arts (1S7:'. . li
ens) ; North Georgia Agricultural 1
lege (1873, Dahlonego) : Georgia B
of Technology, (1888, Atlanta). G - .
Normal and Industrial College,
Miiidg, -v i lie ) ; Georgia state s
School ( 1895, Athens); Menu Inl
verelty (1871, Macon), and Hrcnau IV',.
lege Conservatory i 1878, Gainesville i
Florida.
The history of Florida begins wit
royal grant of tha Spanish King to 1'oii
de Leon and Ida piOtUTOOCfUtl attempt
discover in the fabled wand of li
the marvellous fountain of youth. I
the earliest schools were Catholic CI
schools, founded by the missionaries w
always accompanied such advent in
Florida, like Georgia, was an aglii
colony, with education thus natum
given an agricultural trend
111 IISI the Dial iul, lie school W
tabllshed at Tallahassee. The OlVll
Interrupted the progress of edueatloe i
the present school system dates '
1888. Impartial provision is tu...
separate schools for white and
children.
The Unlversll) of ths State ill I
and a Stole iiifi l.-iillur.il pgpsrl
Maiquvtltf and La Salle. Next to Vlr- Hon (both at Gainesville) and the l'l