A COMPLETE REVIEW OF THE FIRST YEAR OF THE GREAT WAR Articles on Every Phase of the European Conflict Military Campaigns, Finance, Politics, Economics and the Prospects for Peace The Theatres Books Queries Chess THIRD section TWELVE PAGES tm. NEW YORK, SUNDAY, AUGUST 1, 1915. Copyright, 1915, by tht Sun Printing and Publishing Association. GERMAN TIDE STEMMED AT THE GATES OF PARIS; TRENCH WAR A DEADLOCK IlltOOKt.VN ADVERTISEMENTS. mT-. ' jfc""rfls "Hr " ktktkw . ?3si111111111111111a ,BuflW ' BROOKLYN ADVERTISEMENTS. I BROOKLYN ADVERTISEJIENTS. I linOOKI.VN ADVERTISEMENTS. I Nn' BY SUBWAY-25 Minutes from 96th Street, 22 Minute, from 72d Street, 17 Minute from Noon. I ! J Grand Central, 9 Mlnutet from Brooklyn Bridge to A. AS. Subway Entrance, HOYT STREET. Jl Invaders' Onrush Through Belgium Swept the Allies Back to Last Line. Tub Sun presents on this and the following pages a review of the first year of the great European tear In alt its phases, an impartial description of the in'Marv campaigns on the eastern and western fronts and in the Dar danelles, the naval operations and the financial, economic and poJIHcnl phases of the struggle. Special articles are devoted to the development of the submarine, the all Important question of munition, the relief tcork done in Hrlgulm, Poland and Serbia, the liquor problem, the violation of Intrrnnflonn! lam and the rules of warfare and other subjects. From an American standpoint the campaign in the west, Oermanv against France and Great Britain, is considered of the greatest importance. This subfect, therefore, is given first place. "France will be smashed In lx weeks" was the confident prediction of the German General Staff when on August J. 1914. Oerman scouting parties crossed the 1-orralne frontier near Longwy while another army violated the neutrality of the Duchy of Luxemburg, barring the road to Paris, and Prussian force were gathered on the Belgian frontier for the team roller movement across the terri tory of the little kingdom. .Six weeks later the avalanche had passed over Belgium, sweeping away first class fortifications aa It they had teen made of paper; the Kranco-Brltlah allied armies had gone through the hor rors of one of the most terrible and costly retreats and the Germans reached the gates of Parts, Hut there the Ger man storm had spent Its fury, French troops, flushed with victory after their recovery from the deadly onslaught, were driving back the Invaders, Paris was saved, Germany's mighty effort had failed. This first phase of the Great War, as It anVrts the western theatre, the bat tles from the Invasion of Iielgium In Wolatinn of that State's neutrality to the Krench stand on the Marno, gave the world a full realization of the gl rantlc strength of the German war ina chins, of the ruthletnness with which the empire was attempting to crush out all opposition, but It gave to the warld lso a picture of the French army ns It as In the most glorious days nf Its history. The world has always Ijetn ready to give the French soldier credit for elan and fire ; It had now to realize that he has fortitude and endurance also, the endurance of tempered sttel. Snug-lit to Crush I'rani'r, Germany's wholo war plan depended n crushing France before Huzsla could ""b Hit, For this purpose she sent eron the western frontier flfty-om rmy corps, which with subsidiary troops nl cavalry meant two and a half mill ion wn Her Immense strength In motor transport enabled her to move "r (treat armies at a speed unknown to htrtnrv In big guns she outnumbered kr fon two to one, Against thin tor 'ntial force France, on mobilisation, aw to produce something between million and a million and a half men. 0,-p Jnffre, the French eommnnder n chlpf f.iced x task as great as any Jht S'lipnieoti had ever conquered. He "Jit lo i1iHifr his troop over a lino of r,on miles, not knowing where the ''"lffMinmer of the Invasion would , !! iirnt Mobilisation was still pro 'Mian when the aermsne entered Bel li! and uid siege to Lleie. He had to Five Best Known Commanders Above Grand Duke Nicholas (Russian), Gen. Joffrc (French) ; Field Marshal French (British). Below Field Marshal von Hindenburg (German), Field Marshal von Hoetzendorff (Austrian). Disaster of Long Retreat Transformed Into Vic tory at the Maine. rage. THE SUN'S WAR REVIEW CONTENTS. Suhtect. Pace. Subject. Franco-British-German Campaign 1 Japanese Campaign 2 Austro-aerman-Uusslan Campaign 3 Caucasus Campaign 3 Itals-Austrlan Campaign t 2 South African Campaign 2 Dardanelles Campaign 5 l'orilan Gulf Campaign 6 Serbian Campaign 3 Naval Operations Finance 5 International Law 5 Cost of the War r. IJITect on Neutrals 4 Aviation 3 Munitions 6 Politics 5 Kmden 3 Kconomles M'luor Problems 3 Hellef Work 6 Surprises of the War C Submarines 4 Kffect on Woman Suffrage 3 Spies f Peace Prospects 6 Casualties 3 dispose of a Urge force to guard the Nancy gateway In tho suuth while llel glum was calling on him to go to hor assistance 'In the north. The British ex peditionary force was Just beginning to be landed on the Channel coast. As the Germans begun their sweep through Belgium the French crossed tho border Into Alsace and occupied Alt klrch. Within a week nfter the declaration of war French troops crossed the frontier Into German Lorraine their objective being Stnissburg. They occupied the villages of Vic and Moycn Vic on August 7. This forco and the troops operating in Alsace were under the general com mand of den. Pnu, a veteran of the Franco-Prussian War, but the name of the Clenerul directly responsible for this expedition has never been publicly known, Driving back tho German fron tier guards and small detnrhmentH of regular troops the French advanced to n line from Potion to Chatenu-Sallns. The mlvnnco guards reached the towns of Delme, Dinuxe nnd Morhnngo before strong German forcis were encountered. The first serious buttle In the Invasion nf Lorr-lne was fought on August 110. when the French were counter attacked nnd forced to fall back, They were sol idly established on the Itlver Sellle and along the canal leading from tho Marnn to the Ilhlne and reudy for a resumption of the general advance ngalnst Ktrass burg. The German staff, evidently realizing the menace to Ktrussburg, sent several army corps to stem the onrush ot the French and on August 21 a very lively battle was fought, the Germans driving the French back over the border, On August 4 Liege was attacked by the Germans. Two days Inter the In vaders entered tho city, but tho forts held out for nineteen days more, sur rendering only when the terrific pound ing of the German mortars had buttered them to bits. On tho following day, Au gust 23, Namur fell before the German guns and the Sombre roud to Franco was open. Brussels was surrendered to the Invader without a fight, the Belgian Government escaped to Antwerp and the Belgian Held army fell back for the defence of the grent fortress on the Scheldt. Despatching a large force to proceed against Antwerp, the German stuff ordered the mass of the army to march south on tho road to the French frontier nnd the northern gate to Paris. British and German met for tho first time on August 22 at Moiih, near the historic field of Waterloo. Tho British troops were cnvalry, tho first of tho expeditionary force of about 150,(100 men who were Inter to take ti heroic part In the retreat on Paris und the buttles which saved tho capital. On Sunday, August 23, Gen. Joffro had to face tho most critical moment In the history of his country since Sedan. Tho Gcrmnn nvaluncho was launched In full force ngnlnst the lino of the Kambre nnd tho Mcusc, Its right wins, under Von Kluck and Von Hue low, consisted of nine corps (nearly half a million men). A Saxon army, under Von Huut.cn, had forced the Stciise nnd pierced tho nllled centre. TI frontier forts wero useless ; In Lorraine the Havn rliini were threatening to turn the Hunk ai i!:o northern nritiUn huh ., nrm off from tho capital and the reserves. The northern gate to Paris was forced, tho eastern gate, Nancy, whs menaced and for n time the gloomy forebodings of the pessimists looked like the reality. Joffre know he could not Bet his re serves to the front In time to chock the ndvance. He took tho only course open, a ictreat to a line prepared for a stand. This, the most dllllcult of nil operations nf warfare, was carried out at an awful cost, but with the army Intact. The story nf the retreat front Minis, with the British army forming the rearguard and fighting desperately every step of the wn from the Belgian Hue down to Sen ds, within annum shot of the Paris fertlllcntlons, Is one of llio glorious epi sodes of the Great War, It saved the armies of the Allies, It saved France, Gen. de Custelnnu was holding the Nancy gate and so lone ai he stemmed the German advance there and the northern armies were able to etcane en eloping movements and reach the line chosen for the stand there was still hope. Knrprlsc at Parle Outre. On September 6 the Germans sweet I through Kolssons and reached Prevlns and Nogent-sur-Selne, the high water mark of their advance. On that day I loffro decided that the retreat was at i an end. In the eyes o the Germans i Purl had already fallen. Hut they did i not seo the tioops that were even then I marching through the streets of the capital, they did not know what was ! In Joffre's mind, they could not guess it the number and nuillty of the Krench I reserves or the brains of Gen. Foch. their commander, near Sjzanne. I On September 0 Gen. Joffre lsued a proclamation to his troops saying the fate of France depended on the battle about to be begun, that forces unnble to hold their ground must die rather than yield, that every effort must be directed to attacking nnd repulsing the enemy. . Joffre announced to Sir John French, I tho jirltlsh commander, that tho day for the counter offensive had arrived. The position of the armies was as fol lows on September 5 : Gen. von Kluck was wheeling his right, northeast of Parts, to envelop the Fifth French army ; the Wuerttemberg army was driving hard at Vltry to pierce the French centre : the Crown Prince had pushed southwest of Ver dun and was awaiting the great how itzers from Belgium to smash the fort ns they had battered down the Liege and Namur defences ; Maubeuge, the northern frontier fort, still holding out, was at Its last extremity. Gen. Joffre had at last got his reserves Into line but was still outnumbered. . From a point southwest of Sotssons, through Chnlons-sur-Mnrne and north of Verdun, almost to the Swiss border. I the Germans held a Hue of 200 miles. ut that time tne most extended battle line In history. Along this front the battle of the Marne raged for eight days. The French were exposed to four pressing dangers that Von Kluck would get around the left and dash against Paris, that the Wuerttem bcrgers would pierce the centre, that Verdun might fall, that De Castelnau could not hold the heights of Nancy. French Envelop Von KlueU, Instead of this the' French left out fought Von Kluck and enveloped him, forcing him to fall back and uncover Von Huelnw at the centre ; the Duke of Wuorttcmberg nfter four days desperate driving at the French centre was forced to fall back north of the Champagne Poullleuse ; Verdun wns Intact and the Kaiser, who was ready for a triumph nnt march Into Nancy, had turned away In bitter disappointment from a dream which had not come true The tlnnl blow which shnttered Ger man hopcH on the Marne was delivered by Gen, Manoury's Sixth Army on the Ourocii. A lnrge force of reserves had been held In Paris and when the time came for the decisive battle every tnxl cab In the capital wns requisitioned to rush them to the front. Tho army was Increased to about 150,000 men. For' several days this force had been plug-i King nt the German right wing when on September 10 Sir John French and j (lull, .milium y Ji'llicw iwiicn ill wn "rtt- whelming drive nt Von Kluck's army nnd forced It to fall buck. At the same time Gen. Foch, who had been engaging the Saxon right wing, and Von Buelow at the centre, took ad vantage of a stormy night to thrust a wedge between these two forces and fur two days fought a battle on two frontB, finally driving the Germans Into the marshes of St. Gond, where their losses were tremendous. Then, the Ger man centre bent and the right falling back, the German retreat began. Tho Crown Prince, who had got well to the south of Verdun, was caught In a trap nnd large forces had to be de tached from the German centre to ex tricate him. On September 11 the gen eral retirement ot the Germans was In full swing and It kept up until the In vaders had reached the Alsne, where they hnd already dug Intrenchments and prepared n position of Immense strength for the next pnaae ot me war uie win 1 Compare the Offerings in This Furniture Sale Four-Piece Dining Room Suites, $65.00 Ouffei, Chios ClOMt. Extension Table and .Serving Table, finished la fumed oik, FivC'Piccc Bedroom Suites, $59 lrf?JT, ChllTnnlrr, DreMlnK Tahlr. Night HUnd and full slie Bed, of aa Adam doign. and flnUbrd In mahoirany, old Ivory and walnut. Continued" on fffcond Page, 'I With Any Others Anywhere MOST EVERY STORE announces a Furniture Sale this morning the thing for you to decide is which is BEST. MAKE CAREFUL COMPARISONS BE FAIR TO YOURSELF. Bear in mind that our regular prices are from 109? to 209J lower than those of most stores, and now You Save From 10 Per Cent, to 50 Per Cent, in Addition Go til over the citv see the stocks offered In anv other store make minute examination of construction, ucholstcrine. finishes, etc. COME BACK HERE in your most critical mood you will have the opportunity to see Furniture that was all personally selected, chosen from the VERY BEST product of the best makers in this country and all backed by our broad guarantee. THE SUBWAY will bring you from any station In Manhattan directly Into the Store at the llojt .Street Station. I Mlenies from Mth Ml. I 17 Minutes from Grand ten- I Minutes from Brooklyn I Sj Minutes from Rnnllug n Minutes from ltd Nt. tral. Bridge. Grren. Save the 10 Per Cent, to 50 Per Cent, and Get the Best Furniture $2.75 Dining Room Chairs at $1.95. Golden oak. banister back and daw feet. Boxed, slip seats, cov ered with black or Spanlnh leather, as.o.l Arm Chair to match IS.tU $8.00 Parlor Pieces, $4.00. Arm chairs and rocker, mahogany finish frames with auortcd grade of covering. Library Suites, 3 Pieces, $35 Mahogmv tlnih franir. uphol. ten-d. entered with Spani-li le.ither $10 Extension Tables, $7.75. Golden oak; pedestal hac. Top 42 Inches In diameter, extend 0 feci Parlor Suites, $15.00. Mahogany flnlth frames, with looio panns cushions. Threo pieces sofa, arm chair and rocker. $13.00 China Closets, $9.75. (loldrn oak, with plan door and bent ula. side, Silk Floss Mattress, All Sizes, at $10.90. Made of pure Javannio kapok, sterilized nnd absolutely sanitary, entered with fancy tlcklni? and lia Mltcheil roll ihIkc Pillows, 59c. Filled with odorles feather; 22x 28 Inches, welnlit 3l pound, cov ered with fancy ticking, Brass Cribs, $8.75. Colonial design and continuous post, lilv-'li ldc and ends, llright or satin tlnWi. Costumers, 50c. Golden oak and fumed oak finish, with heavy square pott, and fl l,ook. Parlor Suites, Three Pieces At Ili.M. Mahogany finish; panne cushions. At S2C.M. Mahogany finish; panno cushions. At ISS.ee. Mahogany finish ; tapes try covering. At MI.M. Mahogany finish; velour covering. $7o.W Parlor Suits. S37.S0. Ma hogany finish; panno covering. At t7.fte. Mahogany finish; tapes try covering. At 7.oe. Mahogany finish; panne covering. 1100.00 Parlor Suites, M0.00. Ma hogany ; tapestry covering. The Ordinary Beds TI .3 11110 3 I I ! I 11 1 Pllj Jointfd Tubct OrnftmnU to Covtr Rome Metallic Ba i All In Oo. PUct OrnamanU for Orna mepUOnly The Most Carefully Constructed Metal Beds. Head and foot board are each of ono piece of metal. Not a lied with ornaments for tho puroe of con cealing the parts where tulej arc Joined together, but made all In ono piece and solid as a rock. Straight post beds havo caps tilled with cement. Killing rod locked with a patented attachment and will not becorao loose or rattle. All Ilras Hetl finished with acid proof lacquer, and every spot cov ered, Not one I permitted to Icavo the factory until Its perfection is assured. The Ordinary Beds , Rods-Rickctr ftThe ' dtf Rome fttf Metallic Bed Th. On.-Pieee Rods Solid u Rock Chiffoniers 95.00 Chlirnnlvrs, $3.95. Ooldv.t onk. (l.,'iO Chiffoniers, $5.30. Golden oak. 19.00 Chiffoniers, $7.30. Oolilrn oak. S10.A0 Chiffoniers, SS.40. Golden oak. 930.00 Chiffoniers, I3.S0. White Knauicl. 935.00 Chiffoniers. $19.00. Maple. At 937.00. Walnut. At 933.00. Wnlmit. 940.00 Chiffoniers, 935.00. Ma. hngnny 900.00 Chiffoniers, 94S.OO. Maple Women's $12.98 to $22.98 Silk Dresses, $9-75 A Record Breaking Value Bargain Budget In Brief Women's 113.08 to 133. OH Silk Dresses. 9.71. Men Half Hose, c. a pair. Her Mainly Comets, Osr, each. White trench Crepe, 3.1c. yd. Women a ,ow Shorn. !... I.A8U Corset Cot crs, IDe. each, ii.W American Cut Olaaa Itowls. 1.M. Men s $1.00 Pajamas, OOc. a pair. Cretonne and Itepp summer Pillows, 40c. to BI.4II. 20c. Dresden Itlhbnns. 10c. yd. Accordion Pirated Kimonos. Ole. rrh. Women's llathlng Hulls, with Tights, t.00 each. A. A ti. (linger or Peppermint, usually 13c, at Oe. Women s Underwear, 10c. a garment, sanitary Dress Protectors, usually 28c, at INe. Writing Paper, Correspondence Cards and Knvrloptu to match, usually up to aoc., at 17r. a boi of 24. 20.(100 Mild Havana Wend Cigars, about 40 iter cent, reduced. I ft. 000 High (irade Porto Iliean Cigars, about 40 per cent, redur!. Hale or 110) ' Washable Hults at Bsc,, ai.so and tl.os. Home Dresses of Flowered Crepe at 70c, Men's Illue Herge Nulls, H.W. 37-Inch floral Swiss. He. yd. 4fi-lnch Vollo Flouncinga, Mr, and lie. yd, Women's 55c. Long 811k fl loves, 48c. pr. Kadlcal Clearance of Women's Stylish Coata at M.7S. 1,000 Women's Wash Skirls at 75c. to 80c, Navy Ttlue Chiffon Taffeta, 60c, yd. Women'a Spring and Summer Suit, hereto fore to aA0.7, to be cleared out at a.7, 12,711 and 1,7(1. (21.98 China Dinner Sets, 8t1.9. Clearance of Wardrobe and Dresa Trunks at an average 20 per rent, saving. 12,000 pairs of Women's Stockings, !3Kc pslr. Heavy tllrarhed, Round Thread Muslin Sheets, SBc. each. g.VDH Irish Satin Damask Napkins, aa.JS a riorrn. 14.10 to fs.sn Summer Olanketa on sale at 3.10 to M.BS. S4.2A to 13.00 Hand Kmhroldered Jap anese Crepe llobes, (l,sn each. Midsummer Sale of Women's lOlA-lOlt fur Costs at 2a per rent, to 31 1-3 percent, off original prices. MOST EXTRAORDINARY In points of style, materials and the marvelous low price. This is a ir that no woman who is seeking a dress for afternoon or eveninu wear can afford to miss. This is a sale t you cannot duplicate from one end of Greater New York to the other. Hifih crade workmanship and I mtiful materials, coupled with the smallest price you have ever paid for such Dresses, make insistent appeal your sense of economy. Correct to the smallest detail and simply charming in effect. Made of chsrmeuse, crepe de chine and satin. Smart advance styles, assortment of shade also black and white. Sizes 34 to 44. H-comi floor, Central tin. ( Women's Spring and Summer Suit Pinal Clearance at $8.75, $12.75 and $18.', Suits That Have Been Heretofore to $59.75 r EVERYTHING HIGH GRADE. lie tfd Everv Suit in the lot a type that would brine its full price even middle of full weartime season you will have more than half the wear ynu would get if you had pui earlier, but in many instances you will tie paying far less than half of the former prices. Materials are fine gabardine, serges, tweeds, white serge, taffcia, silk poplin, linen pongee and n- ,lty materials for sport wear. Because of the extreme reductions in price, we must say none sent on approval and store orders onlu fecund Moor. Oi-ntral HulMIlm Misses' $13.Q8 to $24.98 Tailored Suits, $5.98 to $11.98 THE MATERIALS in these Suits are serges, gabardines and checks. They are in both sport and short Iscket styles. Sizes 14, 16 and 18 years. Si Uses' StHH to SIR US Dresses . ... l.t1 I Misses' $2.(IS to S3 ,10 llannel Middy mouses SI. SO Misses' S10.50 to SM.llS Hllk Dancimt Frocks fj.9 1 C.lrlt' 8.1e, to 11.00 Hay Dresses 4lr. ' 44c First Showing New Fall Styles Misses' Fall Dresses, $12.98 to $26.98 Afternoon Style of Taffeta or Serge. These Include also plain and plaid combinations of silk. They are altoueihcr fctchlnn, nnd you will vwmt to see them and If you seo them you tlll want at least one Isvuuno they are the N IIWIWT of the N KW "Kcnnd Hnoi- (Vntnl llull.lln; hi 4tw 'vvV-n W- -f .