The sun. [volume], August 01, 1915, Page 4, Image 4

About The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916

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THE SUN, SUNDAY, AUGUST 1, 1915.
HAYTIANS END
" RESISTANCE TO
. U. S. MARINES
FcnrliiK rni'tlnnnl Klfrhts,
America May Prevent llold
Injr of KlecMon.
OFI'EH OK IMtKSIDKNCY
DECMXKI) IJY 12 MEN
WAniiis-ciToy, .Tuly 11 Wlills no
further nnnul resistance ha bfpti n
toTlntertrt liy ltr Admiral Caperton,
In command of Iho American forest of
(icriip.ill.in At fort nil Trine. Ilaytl. he
reborlcil to-day Hint the iiolltlcnt situ
ujion In rapidly Winning complicated.
'Faction liavn nlrtiidy developed In
connection with efforts tiy the llnytlnnt
li form a new leovernment Twelve
tn, to each of whom n committee In
IVirt nu I'rlnce ottered tlm l'lmldciicy.
refuned It. nnd the rominlrolon llnally
decided In far of th. rehel leader. Ur.
ltesolvo Holm, who In with Ills mcaRre
oKe In the north of lUytl.
Faction In other part of Ilaytl hnve
declared for other men In vlv of the
renditions that would he sure to follow
tlbm the rlvHlry of fir. Hobo uiid the
other aspirants for the 1'renlJency It
ill' doubtful If the t'nltcii Stales will
permit the choice of a President at tills
time. It la certain that with American
fij-ces In occupation of I'ort au Prince
nirlitlnK between rival faction will not
bf permitted. This (irohably could not
bfr prevented If the HaytUns weie per
rrljttoj to Install any one In the I'reel
delicy.
Jj .o 11. S. Dec-Ulan.
"A decision on n complete programme
lri'Haytl Is still being deferreJ pending
fjlftn by President Wilson. The Htate
Department transmits to Cornish each
day detailed Information about the situ
ullon and urgent recommendations are
njijsv being submitted for the Piesldent's
approval.
Veannhllo Admiral Operton It
eirengthenlng his position at I'ort nu
Ptfnce. The Connecticut left Philadel
phia with nearly SOO marines on board
afid will pick up J00 more at Norfolk
off the Virginia capes to-night or to
morrow. The Navy Department nlso or
clted the hospital ship Holace from
Newport, R I., to Port nu Prince. In
view of the possibility of further fight
ltjff and because of conditions of service
tat the men ashore at the Haytlnn cp
ltl, It was thought advisable that the
hospital ship should be on hand to
prbvlde every necessary attention In
afty contingency.
ilAdmlral Capcrton reports that ' c Is
continuing the work of disarming the
pdppulatlon of Port au Prince. Ah there
are estimated to be more thnn 100.000
People In the city. It Is a big task, re
(fulrlng much time wttn the relatively
small force the Admiral has on shore.
Already a large number of nrnm have
Men collected and deposited lit the lia
tlontt palace under guard.
' i Another element In the situation which
Admiral Capcrton rcgnrds as dangerous
U, the fact that there are thousands of
Idle men In tho city. The Hayttan Jon
nlhictlon Company, an American Ann
engaged on public works In Port au
i'rlnce, employs ordinarily 1,200 men,
lit Its operation hate been suspended
because tho Government I without
funds. At prevent there Is no Oov
rftiment at all 'and many other cus
tomary activities of the city have
ftlbjiped, thus throwing more residents
Into Idleness.
I Rralilrtita (uc llrslalancc.
'Quiet prevail through Port au
rrlnco ami apparently the resident have
abandoned all thought of further re
sistance to the American force. Prac
tically the only source of possible fur
tliir dlxturbuncp I Ilaytlans outxlde the
capital, who. It I thought, may attempt
pot shot at tho Americans during the
night.
.Admlial Cipi rtnn reported to-d.iy that
In the fighting which took place during
live landing of the American forcei and
In the attack on them the next night six
lUytlana were killed and two wounded,
to far as now known, Regarding the
political situation Admiral Caperton
bald :
"ltevolutloiiaiy commission declared
for Resolvo Hobo. The selection of this
commission, however, whs made only
jtfter nn attempt to get twelve other
prominent mn to accept the candidacy.
Tlieie other men would not accept. The
Blot party at Cape Haytlcn has de
cjnrcd for llaour.mil. In view of the
conditions almost sure to follow the
rjyalry between these candidates and
their adherent In various partB of the
country tho political conditions are very
uncertain.
"Another dangerous element In the
Utuatlon may result from the presence
of a large number of unemployed men
Ift and around Port au Prince. The
Hnytlan Construction Company, an
American firm which has n contract
for public works. has been stopped for
jack of funds. L'nder normal conditions
thl firm could employ 1,100 men but
the trvusury Ii without fund."
RUNAWAY LEARNS HE IS HEIR,
SVeturua Hume irnexno-trill)- nnd
llrars nf 110,00(1 l.euavy.
Another odd turn In the affairs of
Ralph Klrcfo happened yesterday when
th runaway hoy who left home two
ynars ag0 returned to his father's gro
re)r Btore at S15 re Kalb avenue,
Brooklyn, to learn that a lnw firm had
ben seeking him for several weeks a
MSlr to $60,000.
,The boy. who Is 20, came home be
cause he had been laid off In n Hronx
laundry where he had been working,
Ills unexpected return occurred only a
few hours before a representative of the
law firm of Rollins & Rollins, which had
finally Miccccded In locating the hoy by
iidvertlKlng, was to have been taken to
the boy's home In The Hronx by one of
111 acquaintances. When the boy came
home ho wns told that .Mr. F.lrose,
whom he had always believed to be his
mother, wa no relation to him. and
tiat his real mother, Alice K. Eheler,
wns one of tho five niece of nr. Charles
lj Myers, n recluse, who died several
yars ago, leavlne J600.000 in securities
nnd Manhattan real estate.
Ralph Elrose, tho hoy's father, said
last night that the lad had gone bad:
tl( Tho Rionx ami had not yet decided
whether lo live with the Elroe family
U Brooklyn or stay with his mother at
her home In Manhattan,
;H0W, HOBO, TO ATTACK WAR.
Wralthy Leader of Nnmml. Will
hpenU of Folly uf Strife.
J. Kads How. culled "the millionaire
hobo," Is going to make two speeches
ftt-day. In the, first, nt Independence
llall, 1 S 8 East Twenty-seventh street,
he will speuk of th folly of war. It
W to bo the feuturo of a noon meeting,
Imllar meeting will be held every
Sunday thu month. They are to be con
ducrctl by un unsoclutlon which Mr.
Mow calla the Krnlhrilmod of Dully
Life, Mr Haw hopes to Interest tho
Rov, John lluynes Holme, and others.
At 3 0VI01K 111 tho afternoon How
will speak on "The Unemployed" ut a
meeting- In tlm Manhattan Lyceum, (I
lit Jourtli street.
BRITISH EXPERTS GIVE LEGAL
VIEWS ON RIGHT OF SEARCH
Leslie Scott Explains Points
in Wilhclininu and
Duoiii Cases.
The authort of the foltowinp nrllcl,
rnllllnl 'Ortat llMfrtlrt ami tht tight
of Srarch," ore t.flle Hcoti, K, U U.
and tin Hon, Alexttmltr Shnui, M. V,
LetHe Kcnlt Is MOnber of Parliament
for tht Krchanae ili'lslon of Liverpool.
lie it xctU known at an authority on
rommrrclul and Infcrnaflonnl late. He
lent for some ffun (411 0110 retry Sec
rtlary of the iilsmntloiial Jarlllme
(.'oiiimlllrr. lit rrurcxnttd in tht cate
of the Wilhelmlnn the owners of thi
rtirgo, and In I tie cute of the Dncin held
11 ivtulurr for tht ownrrs of the vessel.
The Hon. Alrxmiiler Bhaui rrnretenf
the Kllmarnoek Hlirflls., He it a ton of
l.uul .S7i in 0 fJmteriiillnc) oiiI of lp
lirnl In Unllnnry nml formerly Lord
Advocate of Kcotland. Ut s a barritter.
Thr urtkle follows:
All war give rise to riiestlont be
twen belligerent and neutral Powere
as to their respective rights. The rela
tions between the different nation of
the world are regulated by a body of
rustoms and precedent which have
origin In the past, occasionally this
body of convention and usage receives
th addition of provisions expressly
agreed to by treaty between certain
powers, and from time to time also It
Is modified In accordance with new con
ditions as occasion arises by the action
of belligerent Powers and the Immediate
or eventual aciiuli-cence of neutral
owing to their recognition of the vital
fact that a belligerent fighting with hit
back to the wall and for Ills national
existence ennnot reasonably he bound
by methods Of procedure but of touch
with the conditions of the time and
hampering rather than enforcing the
main principles on which International
law Is founded.
International law Indeed It not a stag
nant body of ancient usage but rather
a living body of customs which pre
serve their validity of conforming to the
progress of the world. The Governments
of the vailour Powers and their prltt
courts pay regard to thlt body of usage, '
although In the strict tente It la not law '
at ath In that there exists no tribunal
and no International force to glvr It the
sanction of "lnw" as wc commonly use
the term. Its "sanction" In tht legal
tense does not exist, but In the moral
sense Its sanction may be found In the
public opinion of the world and In the
fact that no nation which violates Inter
national precepts can Justifiably hope
to claim .their protection. The belliger
ent of to-day may be the neutral of to
morrow, and the precedents It create
may modify International law to Its
illsiilvantasn later on. Kverv stick a
iflllgerent cuts may be Uttd on his own 1
back. I
The Contraband Problem.
The problems which have arisen In tht '
r.a&n w - wiw
present war with regnrd to the respec-
tlve rights of Qreat Rrltaln nnd of the I
United States and other neutral Powers
.11 .ft.hu. ,. " i
J1.',!? ".hl '2 HW0.mSf.- 1!..1T"
which circle round '.he character and I
final destination of goods and nny be
roughly called the contraband prublem. .
The other louche the exercise of the
. .1 : X' rn'r"... ,ne
naval forces of Qreat Dr aln. We pro-1
pose to reserve consideration of the proh.
letn of contrabsnd for a future nrtlcle
and to confine ourselves In the prexent
Instance to Grest Britain's attitude and
action as to the visitation and search
of neutral vessels.
I nsi is Known as me ngnt or searcn
Is firmly established by International taw
and Is not questioned to-day. It la baaed
upon the right of every belligerent to de
prive his enemy of the mean to make
war effective. It Is asreed that a neutral
veiwcl cannot lawfully resist vUltatlon
and search by a belligerent wsrshlp.
Lord Htouell In the case of the Marn
(1 c. rap. 3 5 & so far back as 179!)
showed that this right of visit and search
wa clearly beyond all doubt. The right
of visiting and searching merchant ships
upon me nign seas wnaiever do tne
ships, whatever be tho cat goes, what
ever be the destination. Is an Incontest
able right of the lawfully commissioned
cruisers of the belligerent nation.
Thin right Is so clear In principle that
no man can deny it who admits the
legality of maritime capture, because If
you are not nt liberty to ascertain by
surttoient Inquiry whether titer Is prop
erty that oan legally be captured It Is
Impossible to capture It. The many
Kuropean treaties which refer to this
right refer to it as preexisting and
merely regulate the exercls. of It. All
writers upon the law of nations unani
mously acknowledge It. It Is also
acknowledged that to stop on the signal
of a lawfully commissioned war vessel Is unloading the entire cargo and examln
not merely a duty of common sense on Ing or weighing Urge portions of the
tne part or a neutral merchant but also
a duty binding by law.
In the American rules Issued on June
!0, 1891, for the guidance of Unltnt ,
State naval officers thle 1 made clear.
raragrapn 12 or thtse rules la an fol
lows: "The belligerent right of searcn
may be exercised to deter
mine their nationality, the character of
the, cargo and the ports between which
they are trading." Paragraph It reads:
"Irrespective of the character of the
cargo or of her purported destination 11
neutral vemel should be seized It she
attempts to avoid search by escape; but
this must be clearly evident."
Method Only Criticised.
The right of earc:. Is a clearly es
tablished principle of International law
and the points of crltlrlmn whlrh hnre
arisen lire levelled not again. t the right
of search Itself hut against the partic
ular method In which II hat sometimes
been exerrUrd.
The main crltlclshi of Ort ,t Rrltaln's
action is that neutral ships have been
taken Into port to he searched. This Is
spoken of by some a If It were a new
departure. We propose to s'io;v In the
first place that this method of exercising
the right of search Is by no mean with
out ample precedent; and then to die
cuss the modern conditions of comr, er 1
and of war'are which hav. made this
particular method of exercising the right
Imperative and the mean whloh have
been taken to render this etlu ai lit
tle onerous as n.ay h to the neutral in
terests concerned.
It is plain that no belligerent can
u.andon the right of search; It Is clear
also that It Is of the essence of the right
tMt It shall be effective, The principle
at stake Is the right to make an effective
I vestlgatlnn Into the chsracter, owner-
ship and deetlnatlon of cargoes, ""hat
principle It unchallenged and remains.
;'i nation will ever or can ever aban
don It To do so would b suicidal At
the worst any changes In this lesptct
which aie charged agulnst the Rrltlsh
Government are chancn not ( princi
ple but changes of nwlhod necessary o
pn serve mo principle.
It Is Interesting, however, to iote that J
I Zi ',, , 1 Z w 'itpanuio principle In vogue before the declara
by Great Rrltaln he taking of vessels ton of curls) to which the Hrltlsh
Into port for semen I eall hoary Government has been forced by Ger
ami time hallowed waj of exn ling the mnny' defiance of the law of nnllonn
right So long ago as tm Lord Kllen-1 und of humanity under the new Rrltlsh
borough In the case of Harker vs. Hlake proclamation, goods are rnually llnblo
(5 i:ast at p. 2D J )tre ted the taking of
vessels Into port as a well recognized
and established custom. "Th Ameri
can," toe report of his judgment reads.
"was at liberty to pursue his commerce
with Fiance and to be the carrier of
goods for French tubject, at the risk
Indeed of having hit voyage Intercepted
by tho goods lelnt selted; or of the
vessel Itself, on board whloh they- wr
being detained or brought Into British
ports for the purpose of searoh."
It Is not surprising to And tli. the
obvloi - convenience of search In a port,
even In days before It v.n s.i nece-sary
at nt the present time, A belligerents
to adopt this method.
II. ft. Action Cited.
As was pointed out by Rlr IMward
Grey In his communication of February
10 to the American Government, "the
present conflict Is not the first In which
this necessity has arltn: as long ago
as the civil war the United States found
It necessary to take vetieli Into the
United Htstes port in order to deter
mine whtther tht clrcumttancts justi
fied their detention." Sir Edward Grey
alto pointed out that the mim need
arose during the Rusno-Japanese war
and also during tht second Ilalk.m wnr
and that Hrltlsh vessels were compelled
to follow cruisers to some spot where
the right of search could be mora con
veniently carried out and that this wns
ultimately acquiesced In by the Mrltlsh
Government.
It Is clear then that Great Rrltaln ha
r.ot done anything unprecedented, and
a consideration of the condition of
nioi'ern commerce and ol modern naval
warfare make It clear that the action
of Great Rrltaln In t.thlng vessels to
lot t for search I bound. In the nature
of things, to be adopted more and more
vldely In future If the right of search
I to be preserved at all.
The conditions under which modern
commerce Is carried 01 are so entirely
different from the coi.dltlons whKh pre
vt.lled a century ago thst In many re
spects the old usages of International
lnw cannot be followed without gravely
unpenning the very principles of Inter
nr.tlonal law Itself. Railways and tele
gt-U'hs have so revolutlonlted commerce
that n btlllgertnt Pjwer can Quickly
Crdcr and obtain dtllvorv of such good
s It requires for the earning on of
war, through an adjacent neutral coun
try. The days are past when the car
rlnge of good In large quantities could
t effected only by je.n, nnd with the
change there has arisen a situation In
wh'ch the ports of an adj.icent neutral
Power may for all practical purposes he
really the ports of the belligerent Powei
Itself.
Cnntlnnnn Vojnue Doctrine.
Even nt the time of the civil war In
America this change Ir the conditions
of commerce had begun to operate and
ntulted In Judgment by the nitrlcan
courts which greatly expanded the doc
trine of continuous voyage. It Is clear
lhat the Immunities granted by the
i"j.pea of the past to ships and cargoes
bound for a neutral port must be re
evamlned If th. print pie of Interna
t'onal luw Is to be presrved that every
belligerent may deprive hit enemy of
the mean to make war effective. The
many difficult questions which circle
round the character, possible use nnd
ultimate real destination or goons musi
necessarily be the subject of careful con
sideration at tne hand or all the rowers
when the present war Is at an end. In
?. "r"cl" w?. J."1? JP.i""."" " !
tiupi-i Minn ui principle inYoirvu nuu inrir
,'. ,' ,. 'i,i , .
2 ' " it,. nr...n. V. Vn.,i
ditlons. For the present we confine our
selves to the necessary difference which
eive 10 ine necessary ainrrence wnicn
hc change of conditions has made In the
method of effecting search.
Tfc .Iftfa knf. mnnm fn.-tra. ova.--
comWrce was carried on In small
.,.n. ......i. .,.n .s.
could ht arcneli n n few n0ur. The
si" of modern s.hlp. ever tending to
ncMa . ltle great bulk of their cargoes.
often extending to many thousand tons
of miscellaneous goods closely packed In
many layer, and the difficulties of search
which these facta entail render what In
the past was a comparatively short and
simple operation an entirely hopeless
operation nt the present time.
The right to search every part of the
cargo of a vessel Is acknowledged. Rut
take the ordinary uteamer engaged In
the north Atlantic trade with a cargo
deadweight capacity varying from say
5.00U to 20,000 tons. How I such a
vessel to be searched at sea? J? very
hold, every 'tween deck space Is packed
full ; and to make a search every cargo
space must be unloaded. Where la the
euraa m l nut" There Is nn nu.iv on
which to discharge It. There Is no room
on deck, and If there were you could not
lift weight from the lower holds snd
put It on the weather deck without o
raising the centre of gravity of the ship
as to destroy her stability. She would
capsize, or at any rate lurch over and
shoot the loose or go Into the sea, This
would be the case with a calm sea and
daylight : what about a rough sea and
night?
Concealment Is Fnay.
It Is obvious that with large modern
ship and enormous cargoes concealment
of contraband I rendered .1 simpler task
than In the past. Copper, for Instance,
may be so skilfully secreted thnt It
would be Impossible to find It without
bales of goods, an operation utterly lm-
possible at nea. Certain circumstances
within the knowledge of the authorities
might mark a certain cargo with the
strongest suspicion and even the best
search possible under conditions nt sea
would probably disclose no result. On
the other hand, search In a port might
bring to light contraband material In
tended for the use of tht enemy and
a legitimate subject of capture.
The ultimate destination of goods too
U always n matter of Importance for
a belligerent. Is their prima facie desti
nation their real destination, or only a
mere halting place on the way to the
enemy? To this vital question, which
occupied to much of the time of the
American courts during the civil war,
the document which a ship carries
rarely If ever under modern conditions
furnish un answer. The destination
named In the documents may be a neu
trut port, but the authorities may havo
the best poBslble grounds for suspecting
that the destination named Is a mere
blind. To bring the vessel Into port
gives time in such a cate for Inquiries.
The record of the prize court proceed
ings In America during the cjvll war
shows how great an Importance such
Inquiries may have. The bona flde
neutral trader can claim his goods and
receive them with compensation for
delay If the destination of the goods ts
really neutral,
On the other hand, as was repeatedly
found by the American court during
the civil wnr. where the real ultimate
destination of the goods Is not n bona
fide neutral destination, tho real con
signee or owner does not care or dare
claim them. If he does It may be
found, us It was discovered in the case
of the Springbok, which wan tried by
American courts In the year 1116(1,
,hltt ,he goods are really being negotl-
atrl1 n' omo trader who I making a
business of supplying the enemy.
Cnn Kelso Knemy's Goods,
If the real destination of the goods
be found to be the enemy, they are 11
proper subject fur seizure If they fall
within the prohibited class, and by un
a.l.ll.ln.i it Iha .!,ma h.lnnlnl. . . -
more correctly by the return to the old
to Helztirc If they are of enemy owner
ship or origin.
It may saftly be assumed that th
desire to Interfere as little a possible
Snys Method in Which Cus
toin Is Exercised Is Only
Question nt Issue.
with bona fide trade between neutrals
not lo speak of the deMre lo avoid the
nectsslty of puylng compensation for
wrongful detention or of setting prec
edent hurtful to Hrltlsh Interest In
times tn come has prevented the Hrlt
lsh authorities from delaying any cargo
without precise Information or the
strongest ground for suspicion, and the
figures recently made public by Kir K..1
ward Orty prove how comparatively
mall a proportion of vessels have been
seised snd detained An nddtttnnil
point ought also to be borne In mind.
In the old days adverse winds might
have made It a long operation to secure
the shelter of n belllgetent port for the
purposes of seirch, but to the modern
steamship this entail much !c delay.
In short, ffom the belllgwrent point of
View the attempt to search at sen Is,
under modern conditions, so useless thit
I It would be the virtual abandonment of
n Imperative, and vital belligerent
right! while from the point of view of
n neutral the attempt, although vain,
would be so lengthy and so very haz
ardous an operation as to bo rejlly out
of the question.
If the conditions of commerce have
changed the conditions of warfare have
changed In equal degree, Consider what
I occurs when a vessel Is stopped for the
purpose or search at sea, The signal I
given, and It Is Universally acknowledged
tint the neutral vessel mul stop at Its
peril The wnrshln which has given
the signal then usually pun a portion
lot her crew on board the merchantman
for the purpose of conducting the search.
uotn vessels are ttopped.
Wnrshlpt In Manger.
f. im n!.. , . A . - u ..... . - V. I .. -
..tut n.iuuiii rutin nmji
by any means have got news 6f what ts
going on the speed of modem warships
makes It poslhle that a hostile irulser
or destroyer rtotllU may come up In
the middle of the lengthy operation and
may catch the searchlnr warship bereft
6f a portion of her crew and at a grave
iiiiuni tiisniivnniase. nre may Be opened
and the searching warship may b dam
aged and the neutral merchantman In
Its close vicinity msy be sunk.
The submarine has fdrnlihed an ad
dltlonal peril, As Is well known a ves
1 when stopped Is more or less at
the mercy of n submarine. One of the
difficulties with which Great Rrltaln
has had to contend In the present war
has been the use by the Oennsn Oov
ernmtlit of ships under neutral flags
acting as supply ships for German sub
marines, another nnd supremely Impor
tant ground for effective search tn port.
Indeed the case has only to be stated
to moke It plain that the search of a
merchantman at eci In the old fashioned
manner would, even If practicable, place
burden of unreasonable risk upon the
belligerent warship exercising Its right.
The merchantman may be a mere de
coy or the supply ship of a submarine
with a submarine cruising In her vicin
ity or she may be n boni fide neutral
ship. In elthr case the operation would
be perilous In these days when sub
marines are no longer confined to a nar
row radlu near their own ports and
may be cruising about at any point
awaiting their opportunity.
It must be emphasised that the peril
from submarines would now extend not
only to the earchlng warship but also
to the merchant vessel. Ry all the rules
of International law nnd humanity hith
erto observnl a neutral ship, although
subject to the right of search, Is safe
from ilestrm't Ion inn rt..u-..
I w ith the well known requirements of
International law, save In circumstances
of a must unusual character. In eery
circumstance, whatever h h.
the neutral merchantman and Its cargo,
the lives of those on board nre sacred.
-o Toll of Life Taken,
I In the exercls of her right of search
Great Rrltaln In the present war has
I not destroyed a single neutral vessel or
, caused the los, of n single life. Th"
policy of the Gerrran Government a
recently announced and now followed
sweeps aside the safeguard with which
International law has surrounded neu
tral ships and cargoes and with which
considerations not only of law but of
humanity have surrounded neutral lives
It Is clfar. therefore, thst the search of
n neutral vessel on the high seas, Involv
Ing an operation under modern con
ditions most elaborate and lengthy In
lis character. Is not a risk which can
I Properly be Imposed either upon the
I Marching warslrfj. or upon the neutral
vessel, It Is clear, further, that as such
n search can never tinder modern con
ditions be effective It will not tn future
be regarded by any belligerent Power
ies0tnerWl3C than dangerous and use-
It Is clear thnt th v. n.u,...
------ ..-iibcs Willi'.-
Great Hrltaln Is accused of having made
In methods of search are changes war
ranted by modern conditions and ren
deied necessary not only for tfce pres
ervstlon of the right of effective search,
which no belligerent nation can aban
don, but ulso In the Interests of neutrals
themselves. Great Rrltaln In this re.
spect Is doing nothing to which she has
not hei.df submitted In the pan nnd to
which she Is not prepared tn submit In
future. As n great maritime Power she
hits often been placed, as a neutral
under grave disabilities during hoatlli
tie by other nations.
We shall consider In a future article
the question of block id and th prob
lems which arise out of . but lest It be
considered that Great Hrltaln has never
suffered from the exercise of belligerent
rights In which she hn been obliged to
acquiesce It ought to he remembered
that the blockade exercised over tho
Southern ports by tho North In the great
American civil war by preventing tho
Importation of cotton Into Great Hrlt
aln brought more than four hundred
thousand of her population In Linca
shire to the very erg of starvation.
No Inconvenience so great In degree
has yel been alleged by any neutral
nation In this war.
(I. ft. Trade With ntrnla.
The tlgurc given by Sir Kdward Grey
in his ilesputch to the American Gov.
eminent, and extracted from American
official documents, show lhat the trade
between the United Staten and neutral
ports Hlnce the war began has Increased
land not diminished At the most what
I Is alleged Is u general Inconvenience
I to trade aggravated In the specific lu
ll, tnces- few in proportion where v.
sets hnve actually been detained, The
endeavor of Great Rrltaln has been to
exercle her undouhted right with a
minimum of hardship and inconvenience
to neutral Powers.
In the case of the United States the
American Ambassador In London 1 sup
plied Immediately with details of every
American ship which Is detained anil
wherever possible with tho grounds of
It detention In order to obviate de.
lay to neutral ship In Rrltlsh ports a
special committee has been set up by
the Government which nit every day
to deal promptly with cases is they
arise.
The Rrltlsh prize court deals not only
with captures but also with claims for
compensation by persons Interested In n
ship or goods wrongfully captured and
detained, Tho Rrltlsh Government has
gone further In the endeavor to Inflict
as little damage us possible to the
Interests of traders, fo- machinery has
been ttt up-with j view to granting
... . .. .71""
compensation een In the case of per
rons Interested In a ship or cargo con
demned by the prize court
Such persons have of course In law
no claim whatever; hut .1 committee has
ben constituted to receive and consider
claims of the nature of a Hen by Rrlt
lsh, allied or neutral third parlies
against ships or cargoes which have
ben condemned or detained by orders'
of prize courts and to recommend In
what manner and on what terms such
claims should be met or provided for.
Great Rrltaln has created no precedent
In taking tho neutral ships lo n port for
search. The precedent which she hai
Created Is n precedent of nnother char
acter a regard for neutral rights and
convenience In the unavoidable circum
stance, of search In port, which Is a
good example and omen for the future
of International law.
CHEW COLLARS TO QET DRU0.
Tiinilm Prliitier rind Forbidden
Heroin ts l'ril In Mnrcli.
Warden John J Hnnley of tho Tomb
prison hns for several days been greatly
concerned over his prisoner' fordnes
for chewing their Ittundry. The linen
after being thoroughly masticated was
wadded up Into a ball and thrown Into
tho comer The warden cnlled n cor
sjltntlon of his assistants to help him
solve the mstery The reason wn dis
covered when he onlem! nn Investiga
tion of the lnundry department It was
found uti a chemical test that the starch
conferred hereoln tn solution nnd that
the prlsonel were flftcherlslnc their
garments to get the forbidden "dope,"
A new method of smuggling nar
cotics to the prisoners wns dlscoerel
recently when a mn with n gtn
who had been a frequent caller in n
known drug user w-a sfntrhed. Re
hind the gkis ee wns a package of
hereoln. Th man was locked up.
CUT IN LEASED WIRE RATE.
Poatnl t'. Ann tinned Ilnlni'tlnn In
Ma:M Prrt Service.
Charles O. Adnm. Mce-presldent of
the Postnl Telegraph Cable Company,
lu charge of the traffic department, an
nounced yeterdayy that to-morrow tho
company will reduce Its leased wire rate
to the press at nlgl-.t throughout the
country' by to per cent., nr I J per mile
pjr year.
"hirty-fourilh Sired
Advance StyJes for the A mi tan mm mi
in which the trend oir Fashion for the coming: season is accurately foreshadowed, ars
now displayed in limited but choice assortments (which are daily receiving new
augmentations) in the departments devoted to Women's, Misses' and Children's
wear, included among the smart models Just received are Women's and Misses'
Dresses and Suits, following the piquant lines of the latest silhouette; French sr.d
other Hats that are the embodiment of good style; and charming Frocks and
Coats for the growing Girls.
END - OF - THE - SUMMER CLEARANCES
In order to make room for the Autumn merchandise now coming in, the remainder of the
Summer stocks must now be entirely eEirnanated. Very exceptional opportunities are
therefore being offered for procuring Bathing Costumes, desirable Wearing Appare3,
Shoes and the accessories off the Summer wardrobe at prices so Eow
as to be wholly disproportionate to their actual worth.
Sunnminnier Merchandise at
Amother Special OfferSmig of
Women's Suromeir Blouses
will comprise a number off attractive models
(many off which have been taken from the
regular stock) featuring crepe de Chine,
lace, voile, linen, etc., variously marked
at these extraordinarily low prices:
Crepe de Chine or Lace Blouses
$3.00, $4.50, $6.50 & $8.00
Lingerie
2.50,
$1.50, 2.
Smart S51k ParasoBs
all in this season's styles and colorings, will
offer very unusual values at
$1.85
Among them are Parasols with shirred edges,
others in ribbon border effects, and others,
again, in effective combinations of black-and-white.
LOCOMOBILE CO. TO
SHARE ITS PROFITS
rirtn Announced Whereby
8,000 Work-el's Will Iteeeivo
lionus Payments.
RninonrrtRT, Conn,, July 31. A strike
of 1,300 machinists threatened nt the
plant of the Locomobile Company of
Amerl.'it was Averted to-day by an an
nouncement by the company that a prnilt
sharing plan slmllnr to that of Henry
Kord will be Instituted on Monday.
The wages of every man from Moor
sweeper to foreman will be Increased
from tn IS per cftit.. nccordlng to the
officers of the company. In proportion
to the salary pnld to each man.
When an output of Mfty enr a week
Is nttnlned. 160 per car or J3,i)0O In all
will be divided nmong the employee.
Thereafter If serenty enrs nr turned
mil each week the lonue will be $P
per car or h totnl of ll.fiOu. If the
workmen succeed In turning out ion
e.UH n week, 110,000 will be split up.
It I cnlculnled by the company that
the Increnee In efficiency will compen
sate the company for the los III divi
dends The company tins ordeis for
touring car for the Russian nrmy nnd
automobile truck fbr th Kngllsh nrmy
At prcent 40 touring car nre made
each week
The profit sharing plan will affect
3.000 wot Iter. Iliilletlns were posted
on the factory walls nt nnon to-day A
uriwt demonstration was made. Samuel
T DavK piesldent of the company, I
sponsor for the plan He said to-night
that It would undoubtedly reslilt In
closer cooperation between the men nnd
the locomobile company
'POSSUM "PLAYS 'POSSUM."
Ilci'ele Wnttmiii but linn nt lizht
of Her lloetiir lliisliiind.
hauled II. nnd It won't "plnv 'p.iuth"
RAtviM.r. t. I.. July ai Mrs, ileoig
-.t ... I n,BllMt nAlla.t tit. In .
peck incisure In the hit nnl npptrentiy
neaii .--lie ..in'm'ii 11 i'j in- Km hii'i nip
,.rtl,Ml .l.n...il n Ml.h .if Uf., Tl,.n iH
cill'ii 'o her hii'baiid, whit I .1 phICI.tn,
i.i rmne nun i.ihr i, ,-ie.i
When the doctor arrived the poum
opened one eye n bit. Jumped out of the
measure nnd ran. The dor.or over
hauled It and It won't "play "posum"
nny more.
ft Alterant (En.
FIFTH AVENUE -
NEW
Blouses
3.00, 4.50 & 5.
REDFIELD ELIMINATED
IN EASTLAND INQUIRY
JtHlfro Intlnmtes Ho Hegnrds
Secretary's Investigation
an "Interference."
Chicago, July II, The Secretary of
Commerce. Wltllam C. Redlleld, nnd hit
"etf-lnvetlgntlon" of the Government
steamboat Inspection service were prnc
tlcnlly eliminated ut faotors In the
Knstland lii'iulry by order of Kedernl
Judge I.indl to-dny. The order was
Interpreted by other Investigating bodies
nn nn Intimation tint the court regarded
Mr Redtleld's Investigation as nn In
terference nlth the work of the rederal
Gland Jury
Hecretnty Redtlled nnnounced a con
ference of hi ndvlser for .Monday, fol
lowing which It Is considered poilble
thnt h will dliect a suspension of hit
hearing.
JuiIko t.andls's order declines It to be
essential in the ordeily nnd efficient ex-eiclv-
uf the Ornml Jury's- authority" td
ptohllilt wltnese summoned before lhat
boilv from "testlfiltlg elsertheie." Only
the Redlleld .nieHlgatlon, It was pointed
out, Is crippled by this decree, Stale
Attorney Ilnyne has nlrefidy questioned
the principal wltneses before the Ft.ite
Grand Jury nnd Ills nlds say he has
ample evidence upon which to Indict.
The Coroner's Jury has finished Its work.
WILSON HEARS DAILY.
President Uecelie llmnlnr Re
port From aei-rrinrl Itetlflelil.
WiN'PtoH. vt . July 3i. president wu
on Is receiving il.illy reports from the
Sicrctnry of Commerce, Mr Redrleld,
un the progress of his Investigation of
the liistlnnd disaster nt Chicago Thus
far the report have disclosed mi tleflnlte
evidence tending to tlx the reipontl
blllty. It wns said to-day
The President ha not forwarded to
Washington tlt proteets hp has received
ne.tlnst the participation by ofllclals of
th stenmboit inspection S"rl"e In the
Keder.il Investigation.
All Print Mint tny In (ierntany.
AMSTRr.PAM. July t. Travellers leav
ing Germany hereafter will not be per
mitted to entry printed matter with
them, sny a llerlln dispatch.
MADISON AVENUE
YORK
Special Prices
The RemmaSmiflinig Sonnmnieir Stock of
Bminigalow amid Porch Frocks
all in simple styles made up in cotton ma
terials, will be placed on sale at the remark
ably low prices off
$1.45, $2.25 & $3.00
(Department on the Second Floor)
A ChoSce SeflectSoira off
Chic Velvet Hats
in the new, piquant models, effectively
trimmed, will be very specially priced a'i
$I7J
in the Millinery Department on the Third F'.or
Extraordinary Values So
Womemi's Tailored Sunmirner Suits
for outing, motoring, sports and country vear,
at $12.50, $15.00, $17.50 & $22.5?
Women's Ready-to-wear Department
(Third Floor)
REFERENDUM FAVORS
GARMENT STRIKE HERE
Balloting Starts Ainonu
000 Mayor's Arbitration
May Fall.
Mayor Mltchel's Initial effort to ir.
bltrate a labor dispute will be n f.Ulurs
unless the manufacttiters o' w rr.n's
garments In this city consent b 'or,
Wednesday to negotiate on th b.Ms 0:
the terms laid down by the SUyor'i
council of conciliation. It wns sa d lis;
night lhat, As n result of n strike r'.-.
endum begun yesterday CO.000 g . .at
workers would go out In case i.ie Jl.j.
or's efforts are unnvalllrg
The Mayor's arbiters, I'r Fell A-':
Louis t. Hrandels, City Clmbrlain
Rruere, Charles I Rernheimer. Vtoi
Oeorg W. Klrchwcy atut V, ,iltr c
Noyes, drew up on July :3 nn ,rpe
ment which was nt otirc nccep'eJ 1 th
Internntl6nal I,ndlts (Inrmcnt Workers
tinlon. 11 provided for Increased wa?,
protection sgnlnst discharge and amir
ancen of better working c-ondit. m
Mayor Mltchcl yesterday f.pres1
regret that tho nrlhtfatlon effjrts rl
not been mote successful. H Jam n
S'chleslnger, president ot the uincn as
serted thnt nothing could pi event .1
strike unles the cinpliyers sign th
ngrcement. Morris Hlllqult, counsel fir
the gnrment workers, said "th miserable
existence of these workers Is a repreieh
to Industry."
SCHWAB'S MEN GET RAISE.
Trn Pit Cent. .More for IT.llliit
llellllelielll Slcrl Fllilployrrs,
South HKTlll.r.ilEM, Pa., July 31 -a
roluntafy Increase In wages wMch :i
nverage nbout 10 per cent, wa er' !
the 17,000 employees of the Heth, mm
Pteel Company, Charle M Schwab's
concern, to-day, nccordlng 10 aim unc
ment of President K. G. Grace. The In
crease will go Into effect Augut 1
The monthly payroll I now about
$1,250,000 and the Increase will Ada
SI 35.000 to this, or Sl.800.00fl year
It I believed that the Hrthlehcm HteM
Corporation will take simitar actien w;th
Its subsidiary plants, the Union 1-rn
Works. Ran l-'rancltco! Fore River Sia
Ynrds, Qulncy. Ms. : Harlnn Hoi-llngswo.-th.
Wilmington, Del., and the
other smaller ones.
Thirty-fifth Street
for Monday
ssK. jsSC5s