The sun. [volume], April 07, 1916, Page 6, Image 6

About The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1833-1916

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etir friends uno favor us ctth mart
tenets and lllunratlnns for publication tries
to Rife rejected article returned they must
(a U Meet tend stamps for that purpose.
The rropfcecr of Woodrow rTIUoa
the Philosopher.
The President of the United States
seems to be as stlllly resolved to buck
fits foolish Secretary of tho Navy In
the scheme for Government owned
aranltlon plants as he Is to back his
sophisticated Secretary of the Trcos-
Hry In the scheme for a Government
owned merchant marine.
We recall onco more the pregnant
pinions which Dr. Woonuow Wilson
expressed In an article In the Amen
osn Lawyer on the tendency toward
regulative legislation and the dtsns
trous results of attempts at govern
mental control :
"A passion tor regulative legislation
Mtms to have taken possession of tho
country of Into: but It cams upon It so
suddenly, ao much more like nn Impulse
Of Impatience than like a deliberate pur
pose, that thero ts every Indication that
the careful thinking upon which It should
have been founded will succeed It after
It has spent Its forco, rather than ac
company and give form and direction
to It
Governmental control, which we are
undertaking so extensively and with so
light a heart,, seta up, not a relm of
law, but a reign of discretion and In
dividual Judgment on the part of Gov,
raament officials In the regulation of
til business of stock companies owned
by innumerable private Individuals and
supplying- the chief Investments of thou
sands of communities. I can aee no
radical difference between governmental
ownership and governmental regulation
of this discretionary kind. 1
There Is no 1okIc.i1 stopping place be
tween that and tho actual conduct of
business enterprises by the Government
Such methods of regulation. It may be
safely predicted, will sooner or later be
completely discredited by experience."
When Woodbow Wilson the philos
opher uttered these sentiments ami
recorded this prediction Tiieopoke
Roosevklt linrt been out of the White
House less tlmn two mouths. Doctor
and Professor Wilson was referring
directly to the recent term of Colonel
Roosevelt's supremney In national
affairs, marked ns that period was
by an abandonment of old notions
about the proper relation of Govern
ment to private property ami Indus,
trial activities.
Woonuow Wilson the philosopher
was condemning the movement of
which Theooohk Hoosevf.lt the poli
tician had made himself the undls,
puted leader. Doctor and 1'rofe
nor Wilson was prediction a sure
reaction, sooner or later, toward
saner views of governmental regain
tlon and governmental ownership
und tho complete discrediting of the
Iloosevclllitn experiments ns tho re
suit of bitter experience.
Yet the amazing truth Is that l'rel
dent HoosEvixT never wont one-thlr-
tleth as far In the direction which
Woodrow Wilson the philosopher de.
plored as President Wilson himself
has gone since lie merged the phlloso.
phcr In the politician. Kooskvklt's
pornsangs were as mere stadia In
Wu.soVs swift anabasis toward gov
ernmental socialism.
Perhaps the strauge-t circumstance
In the whole history of political lluld
Itics and transformations is tne re
versal of rdles, as between Doctor
Wilson the philosopher and Colonel
ItoosKvr.i.T tho politician, which has
now made Hooskvki.t seem, to so
many thoughtful and patriotic minds.
by comparison tho conservative.
Preparing to Prntert Draught Anl-
mali Nett Winter.
It wns distressingly apparent last
winter that many horse owners In
New Vork neglected through short
slghtedness or carelessness to shoo
their beasts of burden properly for
comfort nnd safely in the snow nnd
Ice covered streets. Tho suffering en
d ii red by the brutes was patent, to
everybody, and ilio fact that it wa
unnecessary was understood by all
who saw II. That such conditions may
be prevented In the future Is tho
object of an amendment to the city
ordinances introduced in January, on
which tho Committee on Thorough
fures will give n public hearing on
Monday.
This aiiioudmeut provides that own
ers of draught animals shall hnvo
them ho shod in the waiter months
that they sliull he able to get a good
foothold on slippery surfaces, Till
may ho accomplished by sharp shoe.
lng, by tho use of burlap wrappings on
the hoofs, or by tho application of
chains. Tho ordinance does not pre
scribe the manner In which the beast
Rhnll be protected, but carries a pen
nlty for omission to protect them ; and
It Is not less In tho business Interest
of tho owner tlmn nn expression of
huninne feellnc (or the Injuries re
"tilting from strains, sprains and fulls
cost a large mim of money In the
course of a season.
Hcfore tho snow flics ncnln the
(own should hnvo on tho books a com-
prchenslvo ordlnanco regulating the
treatment of draught animals In this
particular, and when the cold weather
comes It should be1 enforced.
In (he Belfry of St. Paul's.
Itelow tho chapel belfry tlio city
streets lay well nigh deserted. The
surging throngs that pressed from
curb to curb throughout the day had
long since passed on, to sorrow or to
mirth. The watchmen methodically
went their ways. Tho furtive crea
tures of the darkness slunk from
shndo to shade, fear filled even In a
wilderness.
Prom God's acre, a garden In a
barren of brick and mortar and stone
and steel, arose the first faint' breath
of spring. Therein the great miracle
of resurrection advanced. The graves
of good nnd great, of small and mean,
had lost their garb of tragedy, and
wore tho pleasant gnrment of con
tentment. Their message wns of
pence and rest; they wove no spell of
struggle, nor told a tale of grief. The
master of thnt lodging neither Invited
nor repelled. He waited, patiently.
Within the chnpel sat the sexton
Beforo his tired eyes the congrega
tion moved. Not those few who dally
sought his glance for friendly greeting
ns they went to pray: not tho high
nnd powerful of a time gone by; but
the whole body of worshippers, sulnts
nnd sinners, sincere nnd Indifferent,
Innocent nnd guilty, from that day
when the doors first otened until thnt
hour when he for the last time closed
nnd locked them. A strange und
much mixed company; n cross section
of virtue and villainy; n record of
hope fulfilled, nmbltlon dashed, love
rewarded, hate revenged ; the pride of
wealth and power Jostling the dignity
of humility nnd weakness; In the
rags and tatters of false seeming. In
tho purple and line linen of true
worth ; the sexton watched them nil,
crowding and Jostling, here mar
shalled In orderly rnnks, there con
fused In unordered progression.
lie put down his key, und laid It
where it would be found. He wrote
n note, and thnt he left beside the
key. Then he passed through thnt
strange assemblage, silent as the
night Itself, up to tho belfry landing.
where fell the shadow of the great
bronze bell, full throated and full
toned. Here wns the place, nnd now
the time ; he had made such provision
as seemed necessary. So. In the Inst
Impulse of his weariness, he hanged
himself with a rope; and thus he
crossed the threshold of the quiet
lodging beneath the chapel eaves.
Responsibilities of Free Speech.
German militarism would not be
what It Is to-day, the lust of conquest
would not have domlunted n home
loving, art loving, science loving, com
merce loving people had It not been
for the demoralizing Influence of the
writings of NnrrzsciiE, Tukitschke
nnd Ueknharpi.
As It Is with the poisonous printed
word so It Is with the word spoken
without regard to the eternal veri
ties. It Is not Impossible for this
country, through the Indiscreet utter
nncos of Americans, to be drawn Into
a war that was made Inevitable by
the writings of German authors. Herr
NirtzscHK probably never Imagined
thnt his detestable vnporlngs would
some day set the world nllame.
A Neutral's Notes In Germany.
The Impression that the German
people are living Kolated from the
rest of the world In dense Ignorance
of what Is happening beyond their
boundaries has been confirmed by the
Swedish professor Pahuk Haulumi,
who visited Germnny recently on a
tour of observation. "The people In
the shops. In the streets, In the res
taurants know nothing," says Profes
sor Haci.l'nu. When he met old
friends or made new ones they "thor
oughly drained" him of news. He
found that the censorship kept the
people "In Ignorance of everything
that might give rise to Inconvenient
reflections." The papers contained
only oftlclnl war news, nnd all of It
favorable to German arms, picking
up n copy of the Frankfurter ycucttc
XachrMiten at a railway station Pro
fessor Haoli'nd was nmazed to see
spread all over the front pago an nr
tide entitled "Assassination In War."
which told Its renders how the British
Government hnd murdered ten or
more Englishmen whose offence was
that they had shown sympathy for
Germany.
The newspapers were filled with
propaganda articles, In which it speci
men wns a panegyric upon the new
Belgium ns ruled by German army
otllcei'H and thnlr civilian aids, "which
gave anybody with an ordinary sense
of justice little more," bays Professor
Harm no, with reserve,-"than n feel
Ing of discomfort."
That tho German people had no
doubt of tho satisfactory prosecution,
of tho war by the Government nnd Its
successful Issue was plain from u
talk tho professor had with a doctor
about tho value of the German mark
In Sweden. It circulates there at a
discount. The German doctor when
so Informed asked how tho Swedes
could be so mnd as to depreclato tho
mnrk, and he was dumfounded when
told thnt It was no! considered to bo
worth any more. Kven oflicers and
medical men who returned from the
front "were absolutely Ignorant of
everything that hnd not happened In
their Immediate circle of action."
Berlin was war weary, Judged by
the appearance nnd manner of both
soldiers nnd civilians. It may bo sup
posed that a little of tho truth about
conditions on nil the fronts and the
dangerous submarine controversy
leaks out now nnd then In Berlin,
with tho result thnt faith In final
victory ts shaken.
There was one thing that Professor
Haolund noticed with a thrill: the
condition of women was undergoing a
change. Beforo tho war they "looked
up" to the stronger sex and there was
complcto subordination to It. But
now thut women havo taken the place
of men In so many employments and
the men have failed In almost two
years of war to conquer nnd subdue
Germnny's enemies, the women feel
that they are of far more Importance
In tho community than they used to
be. "Now they have," says Professor
Haolund, "on air of fearlessness nnd
conscious self-control."
Business UnftUnen.
What bus been back of the age long
political clamor about tho unholy ag
grandizement of corporate combina
tions In trnde and Industry Is at least
Intlmnted by the astonishing facts
which were set forth In the recent
Boston address of VIce-Chalrman
Hunt.EY of the Federal Trnde Com
mission.
The theory of tho business legisla
tion of the past decade, of almost the
past quarter century for thnt matter,
hns been that American business
needed only a free Held and no favor
asked to be successful. Monopolistic
purpose, If not monopoly In fact, has
been accused of nil tho crimes In tho
business calendar, and tho past gen
eration of politics devoted Itself to
tho restoration or establishment of
competitive conditions so thnt free
business should survive.
Tho very lnw of the Federal Trnde
Commission's being is nn expression
of the Idea that n fair chanco was
all that the American business man
wanted to mnko his way In tho world.
Vet Mr. Hunr.r.T's report of tho re
suits of it preliminary Investigation
conducted by the commission Into the
business situation raises more thnn a
presumption of doubt if all the howl
about the trusts and conspiracies In
restraint of trnde, all the clnmor for
a competitive regime, hns done any
thing snve to obscure the real Issues
of business life.
The nffnlrs of some 260,000 mcr
cantlle nnd manufacturing corpora
tlons In the United States have been
rnnvassed. More than a third of
them hnve been profitless. More than
another third hnve Just been existing.
More thnn three-quarters of the total
number are unprofitable and unsuc
cessful, Only one-tenth of the cor
porations studied know their costs of
doing business; and additional light
on the cuuses of fulluro to attuln a
profitable and successful stage Is oast
by the revelations In the case of tho
money making eoriwrntlons, which
constitute less thnn n quarter of the
aggregate. More than half of the
successful ones, In Mr. Hurley's
words, charge off' "no depreciation
whatever."
Here Is an exhibit of anything but
fitness for that stnte of competition
which It has been the goal of so much
political endeavor to assure to the
business community. It Is also an
exhibit which suggests thut n vast
amount of business uproar hns been
raised In political quarters In an ef
fort to procure from politics through
statutory enactment a measure of
business solvency by protection from
competition which a very lurgo per
centage of business has been too In
efficient to obtain for Itself In the
competitive field.
Ktllclency as applied to business en
terprise hns often been so exntted by
Its professors as to become a loath
some word In the ears of business
men. The science of efficiency ns It
has been expounded has Ignored too
much the human element nnd the
personal equation In business, but cor
porations lacking efficiency are unfit
for the competitions of the mnrket
place. Politics cannot snve business
If It will not take the trouble to snve
Itself from failure.
.Most of the outcry ngnlnt big busi
ness bas been owing fundamentally
to the fitness for survival which
big business lias cultivated. This Is
something which hns long been known
to able business men and bankers. If
the Federal Trade Commission car
ries Its studies far enough It will be
able to prove It to the comprehension
of the public.
Splendid Opportunity for Optical
Experts.
Under the Federal lnw motlol pre
tures of prizefights may tiot be Im
ported Into this country, nnd n stut
uto of New York prohibits the exhibi
tion of pictures not made In this State,
On account of this tho Johnson-Wll-lard
contest In Havana bus never been
seen here, to tho disgust of numerous
patrons of tho fancy. Now It Is hoped
to gratify their desires by means of
film exposed on this side of the Ca
nadian boundary, photographing the
original light pictures, which were
kept beyond the line. The film It Is
designed to show cannot be called
Imported; It was niHdo In this State,
and the photographers bellovo they
havo circumvented New Vork nnd the
United States nllke.
Bui what will the customs oflicers
say? A motion picture hns been Im
ported, If not the medium of Its pres
ervation; will tho revenue authorities
bo content to let It como In without
tho payment of duties? And will not
some querulous legal adviser of the
Government set up the plen thnt the
rays of light thnt bore to the sensi
tized film the Images of tho two
THE SUN, FRIDAY,
giants constituted a picture within
tho meantng'of the act, and that hence
their Introduction from Canada Is n
violation of tho prohibition It wns
sought to evade?
We foresee a long nnd interesting
litigation arising from this Interest
ing device, with customs authorities
and experts In the science of optics
called to glvo testimony. It may not
suit tho wishes of the sporting fra
ternity, but It should be welcomed by
the legal profession.
Senator Wim.iam Alton Smith of
Michigan will bo a very Impressive ex-
favorlte son at the.ChlcnKo convention.
There Is something wrong with any
house In this town or Its suburbs that
hasn't In It to-day at least a one ring
circus.
The Big Man In City Halt Park
has come back, but bo has not yut
the appearance of a permanent settler.
This time ho has turned his back
upon the city's Capitol, and Is look
ing hard at the huge architectural
blurb that blots out tho lower end of
the old tlmo park. Since bis former
visit he has taken on color, nnd Is
a handsomer Civic Virtue. His sword
looks businesslike, nnd tho winged
worm at his feet, with the pouncing
cat's fangs nt Its Jugular, seems to
prefigure a hard tlmo coming for Civic
Wickedness.
Mr. Wii.mro defeated Mr. Mohan In
tho ring, but the loser at fisticuffs has
outdono his bated rival In post bclltim
performances. WiixakV lectures on
temperance and thrift are nowhere,
now that Morax has quoted Latin to
the Sing Sing convicts. The old P. It.
Is dead Indeed.
It Is n full day's news that carries
two such proclamations 'ns tho Gcr
man Kelchskanzler's declaration of Ger.
many's "pence terms" nnd Mr. Boost;
vblt's of the "condition!) of his caiull
dacy." In each case thero ure un
stated factors whoso forco will not be
fully known until tho other side Is
ready to enter upon official, final ne
ROtlntlons.
Vale bos suggested thnt tho Vnle
Harvard and Yale-Princeton dual
track meets shall bo conducted In tho
future according to the rules of tho
Intercollegiate A. A. A. A. In the past
these meets have been run according
to various agreements between tho col
leges, ns In tho case of the Harvard
Ynlo meets that havo been managed
under the supervision of the Unlvcr
slty Track Athletic Cup Committee
composed of representatives from each
of tho two universities. The adoption
of tho Intercollegiate code will bring
about a few changes In the rules now
In use, but it should help to standard
lie tho conduct of these meet.
Yale's migKestlon Is u noo.l one and
It should bo carefully considered not
only by Princeton nnd Harvard but
also by such other colleues as havo
not already adopted the Intercollefflnt"
rules. Anything thnt Is done toward
standardizing the running of track
meets will be a great help to the ad
vancement of tho sport.
"An Old Sub-Lieutenant" writes
In
n letter to the London Siirctntor:
"Surely the bond which eit between
officers and men In the llrllldi army
Is the bond of discipline, that dlselpllni
which Is so gravely cniifpiouniiH by Its
absence In civil life. The want of dis
cipline Is the very cankfrworin which
hns eaten out the heart of Kngllsh civil
life during past yenrs."
Thoughtful Americans dare to say
the very same thing about civil life !n
their own country.
General Cahkas'za Is i.-.ld to bo "tak
ing the hot baths" ut the HuclemU
San Hartolo, Queretaro. The hot baths
tnken by his old commander tho out
lawed Villa on th Chihuahua desert
trails are not so cumfortablo and re
freshing. t'mm-el-Ilenna Is a welcome suc-
cenhor to Kut-el-Amara In the M-o-
potamiau bulletins. It is euphonious
and sedative. .May It last a while.
s'eiior Garcia, the Citrrunza Consul
at IJ1 Paso, who Is quoted as saying
that "there is no reason fur the Ameri
can army to pursuo the tll.i cam
paign further," may speak for restless
Mexicans In tho border cities, but he
does not speak for tho fJovernment at
Queretaro, which In General Canpiok
Aouilar has a Minister of Foreign
Affairs familiar with diplomatic, pro
cedure. If Mexico had an organized
Constitutional Government with !(.
functions In proper working order the
reeull of Consul Garcia would perhaps
be required.
THE CHANCELLOR'S SPEECH.
His Friendly Word t'ompBred With
Some Oilier Teutonic Outgivings.
To tub ICnrron or The Sun Sir:
Chancellor von Itetliiuami-IIollneg nil-
dresses tho ItelchMiig and Incidentally
s.iys for tho benont of the United states
tlmt millilng In further fiom the German
Intent thnn to Invade America.
Theiie cxprcesloiiK of rooiI will on the
part of the lioinuin Chancellor are
hardly In harmony with the killings of
American citizens ami the outraging or
International law. Nor are they In har
mony with tho letter of Dr. Paul Itohr
bach, professor In thu University of
llerlln, to Dr. Appclinan of tho Univer
sity of Vermont. He, discussing the
matter of whether German Americans,
even nominally, should put American In
tereats first, says In regard to prepared
ness In America that German Americans
should oppose, because after the present
war should trouble come between Japan
nnd America Germany wilt probably aid
Japnn. whllo Great Hrltaia aids the
I'nltnd Ktates, and thus It will be to
Germany's Interest to havo tho United
Htates weak In a military way. To
strengthen the American navy will not
contribute In strengthen Germany, tho
gentleman continued, "I cannot see,
therefore, that German political alms
will bo forwarded Ipso facto by German
American armament."
Ho It tinted that this l not a speech
before a political Isxly for effect: It Is
a heart to heart prlvntn view between
two frlen,l,i of Germany who have no
reason to state nu thing but facts.
I rutlier think Chancellor von Hcth-mann-llollweg'H
statements of Ger
many's doings after tlio war will he
taken at thc-lr true value by tho pcnnlo
of tho United States. L. C, I.
Nr.w Yoiik, April 6,
Vt or Hewn?
Uf la like an office titilMlnr,
Crowded full from b to crown,
Elevators, awlft and silent,
doing up mill golnr down.
Tenants range from klnga to beiiare,
Clad In ruga or (liken gown.
All III locals or etprrmea
doing up nnd going down.
In the halt. Ilk Imey elartera,
Hliont llm clergy of renown,
hear them proselyte with vigor:
"lining up, or going down?"
H. 6T4SI.ST IUiiisi.
APRIL 7 1016.
THE DOCTOR'S STATISTICS.
Are the German Submarines Really
Starring Great Britain?
To tub EoiTon or Tub Sux Sir: t
am glad that Dr. Obcrfohren has se
cured a few fresh statistics to brighten
up his latest proof that the German sub
marine ara starving Britain. Surely
hla old onea of stocks of wheat at only
four British ports were a little too
meagre In view of -the unimportance of
most of the ports ho cited and his fail
ure 'to Include somo really Important
ones. What the Doctor supposes as to
tho stacks covored by tin Items "In
united Kingdom and anoat tnereror" is
beyond my ken. The grain trade knows
what is meant, howover; and It also
knows what "afloat for orrtcrs" ana
"afloat for continent" mean, They mean
that Britain, Itself not a largo pro
ducer of wheat, has on tho way to
ward It all tho tlmo, year In and year
out, large quantities of wheat that may
be and are diverted, not by cruel Brit
ish statesmen. Tiut by prices oncreci
which Is the aim of the possession of
free markets by a free ticonle.
However, the Doctor having aban
doned hla llttlo 1,018,000 bushel perch,
showing perfectly absurd conditions of
supply, "has lit" on the one of total Im
ports by Britain In 1913 as given by the
London Economist, placing them, cor
rectly enough, at 88,611,000 hundred
weights, a decrease of 15,245,000 hun
dredwclghts from the year before, but
In a typically Uermanlo way of using
statistics, not mentioning that the de
crease wns caused by the closing of the
Dardanelles to 7,234,000 hundredweights
of Kuitilan wheat, and by the total fan
ure of the Australian crop, from which
12,113,000 hundredweights were taken
In 1914. They even bought 1,000,000
hundredweights less In 101.1 from Ger
many than they did In 1914. Hero the
whole decrease, is explained and It Is
not due to submarines cither. On tho
other hand, llrltatn helped to eke out
this lack of supply by Liking 41,049,000
hundredweights, or 7,000,000 hun(lrel
weights more than In 1914, from the
United States; 6.00,000 hundredweights
more from Argentina nnd 3,000,000 hun
dredweights more from India, despite
submarines: all theso statistics come
from the same page of tho Econoraiat,
the IKx-tor s rellanco.
As to these taking', nhy Isn't the
Doctor square minded enough to admit
that tho decrease he sees In the year
1915 statistics was due to comparison
with those of 1914. when tho Kuropean
world. Including Britain, went craiy buy
Ing who.lt, following the outbreak of the
war and the realization at the same
Umo that the world's crop In 1914-15
was hundreds of millions of bushels
short of 1913-14? Perhaps If the Dot-
tor understood when tho world's wheat
crops were gathered and marketed ho
would not have maoe tneso misiaaes.
As to tho recent takings of Hritaln
say from August 1. 1915, to March 11,
1916. let the Doctor looK at tneso ngures ;
iMMicis Mitrunsu.
Aug 1. Same r- In
101.,, to rloJ pre- e'ee
Mer II, ceding per
min f-ir. cent.
Wheal iiuartere).l'.,.047,0OO 10.741,000 1
Flour (.acV,.... ,934 0K) S.Mfl.OOO 13
Perhaps the Doctor 1cm not know that
this n-het moved from America to Writ
nln. ns well as 11SO.00U.000 -worth of ex.
pliwlve nd a vast quantity of other
stuff that the subinnnnea am nni muji
from erolng from America to Itrltain In
the last six months. Let the Doctor see
whin wheat was sent by America to Lu
rone In the oast three months In bush
el. The shipments from January to
March Inclusive:
ItilH .
1DIS .
1M .
DM
12S.0S4.0OO
tia.n77,M
m:,ooo,oou
submarines stop this' Well,
tinlv .t :n.ill fraction thereof.
Iiardly
T rotnrii tn tho oueMlon of stocks.
lltTti uie the total stocks of wheat In
llril.tln nnd afloat therefor on March 1
for a period of cars. In bushels;
ini 2l,340,(HlO I una S5.10fl.0ll0
Ills S4.!l'i,ooo 1912 ss.OHo.oon
1014 24.no,ooo; l'.lll S4.O30.0OO
Are not the stocks larger than at the
same d.ito tn any preceding year back to
1911? Ah to thee ftocki- and the Hour
pric- glva la my laet letter. I would
say they are from a perfectly good
eoiirce, the Liverpool Corn Trmle .Vetri.
Lest tliH loctor forget, here are the
Kngllsh Hour quotations brought down
to March 1 1 :
nvrnroni.
rr So pnunii
Mur t4, Mar. 7. Mnr. 1.
itnii.
., .I.
loin.
. A.
191V
e. A.
KhuU'Ii. hlshf't
grade "'1
Knglleh. p.ttent.. . 4
r,s
r.o
4S
4S
r.n
41
4
llnr'ltli. baker. 40
Amerlc.in Inter
patents
Amerlean
patente
eprlng
,. 4 4? t 47 0
liispov.
Tnn htli. .. M n " "
Town houeho;d.. M t'S " "
Hero ou see still lower prices than
1 quoted' In my March 23 letter and not
much charge from a ear go at the
banio date.
Now let Dr. Obs-fohren stop his but
terfly niuht und get down to cnse.s.
Tho Doctor's original contention was
(see his letter of March 20) : "Thus
Knwland Is feeling the pinch of war and
the calamity Is becoming greater from
day tn piy owing to the successful op.
eratlons of the German submarines."
The stocks on March 1 in Britain
wero greater than in any previous jear.
the shipments from America were never
greater than In the present season, the
(lour prices are little different from a
5 car ago and are lower than they wete
when tb second submarine campaign
began, about a month ago. Ilroad cards
havo not yet been Issued In lAindou
(Did 1 bear llerlln speak"), nor are
some, other Inventfons "made and used
only In Germany" plaguing the Hrltisli
people.
As to tho losses of ships adduced by
tlio Doctor, no oiio denies that German
submarines, mines, raiders passing as
neutrals nnd ottier forms of assassina
tion havo reduced the number of Hrlt
isli und neutral slillw and lives, but let
tho Doctor please remember that the
Allies have under nrrctit In allied ports
a tonnage of Teutonic ships equal to
those destroyed, and that when the set
tling tlmo arrives the Allies will have
their prizes, while tho Gcrmaut will
have wasted and destroyed theirs. All
that is left now Is for the Allies to re
place their lost vessels with a perfectly
pood collection "made In Germany."
Tho fact Is thnt tlio Doctor Is not
sorry tho people of Britain are starving.
Oh, no! He, Is sorry that they are not
starving. As the old song would say:
"That's what makes the wildcat wild."
l'UANK GnKr.NK.
Nr.w Tonic, April s.
Signature llefnrm Propofil From
llondnrn.
To tub Uditoii ok Tub Scn Mr.- Don't
sou think ttiat it would be a good Idea
If people when writing letters would
let tho stenographer iiiuhii mo letter,
that is, to put In the writer's name in
full and then tho writer sign on one
s!de7 I hjii sura that this would save
a lot of worry and guesswork, Often
a letter Is thiown In the waste basket
unanswered because tho writer's name
cannot be mado out. Another point, we
thus get familiar with mans first
name. IIkmit Ghoihik CitAi.KtiT.
San I'rimo Kui.a, Honduras, March 27.
Problem for the Schoolmen.
To mi KiMToa or Tnr Hex .Sir:
It men are truly what women make them,
And women truly what men hale made
them, then
(The vtomen being heller than the mn)
Are lint Ilia men better than the somen;
What' .Iiihn T. KpaoN.
Hilt-ma' SM'U Uassoi, April t.
THE TREASURY SEAL.
The Orfgla of Its BoabuUe Latii
Lersaa Remains Uaexplatael.
To Tits Editor or Tug Son Sir: On
the subjeot of the seal of the Treasury
Department I am sending you a short
article I wrots a few years ago, which
may be of Interest.
It was Included In the annual report
of the Iteglster of the Treasury, 1SU.
Elf MA H. V. TRKrn.
Librarian, Treasury Department
Wasiiinoton, D, C, April 3.
from tht annual report of lAe) Itegitttr of
tho Treasury.
A committee was appointed by the
Continental Congress, September 26,
1778. to devrlsa a saal for the Treasury.
There were threo members, John Wither-
spoon, Clouverneur Morris and R. n.
Lee. In the Journals of Congress for the
same date la a resolution from which the
following references to the seal were
taken :
Resolved, That the Comptroller shall
keep the Treasury books and seal and file
all accounts ahall draw bills under
said seal
No reference to any report from this
committee Is to be found In the publica
tions of the Continental Congress, so the
data cannot be given of Its adoption, but
Impressions of the Continental seal have
bten round on documents dated lit..
When ths nreeent form of government
was Instituted In 178( the Treasury seal
of tho Confederation was continued In
us and Is found on papers Issued In the
latter part of the eighteenth century.
Chapter 61, section 3, of the Statutes
at Large for 1S49 Is as follows:
And be It further enacted, That all
booke, papers, document and record In
the War, Navy, Treasury and 1'oat Office
Departments, and the Altorney.Ueneral'a
Office may be copied and certified under
seal In the earn manner aa those In the
mate Department mar now bo by law,
and with the same fores and effect, and
the Attorney-General shall cause a seal
to be mad and provided for hie office,
with such device aa the President of the
United States ahall approve.
H ts probably due to this legislation
thnt the old seal of the Continental pe
riod was replaced In 1849 by another cut
In cast steel by Edward Stabler of Mont
gomery county, Maryland. He was or
dered to make a facsimile of the old one,
which was nearly worn out. Mr. Stabler
suggested some minor Improvements,
but was Informed that the design must
b copied exactly In accordance, with the
law. However, on comparing an Im
pression from the Continental seal taken
In 1916 with one front tho seal now In
use u slight difference In the wreaths
on the sides of the shield Is to be found
and tiny dots have been Introduced on
what was at the previous date blank
space about the principal features within
the shield. Losslng, in an article In
Unrpcr'o Magazine, of February, 1869.
entitled "Executive Departments and
Seals," gives a drawing of an impres
sion made In 17S2 which had no dot
tings and had the wreaths exactly like
those on the papers aeuled In IRIS. The
diameter of the seal now In usn Is one
eighth Inch greater than that of the
Continental seal. Hut these differences
are so minute that the casual observer
would never notice them. In all essen
tial fentures they are the same, so that
the design of the seal of the Treasury
Department ts older than the national
Government.
The symbols Introduced into the seal
are all easily explained. The thirteen
stars represent the thirteen original Col
onies. Justice, the blind goddess hold
ing the bilance, has always been n fa
vorite with the devisers of State seals.
The very first design submitted for the
Great Seal of the United States had this
device In full, but It was omitted entirely
from the one finally adopted. The de
signers of our Treasury seal used the
balance alone as an emblem of Justice.
Keys, In secular heraldry, have been
used from remote antiquity to denote
offices of state.
The legend on the seal Is 'Tliesaur.
Amer. Septent. Slgtl," being an abbre
viation of the Latin "Thesiurl America-
Septentrlonolls Slglllum." meaning
"The seal of the Treasury of North
America."
SCHOOL REFORM.
Preparation for College Held to Be tho
Cauno of the Trouble.
To tiis HniTon or Tit St'S sir: Wliy
do Gary advocates, the Hlesners and
other zeslous educational reformers seek
to Implant costly anil radical methods
In our graded and high school system
when til" whole field is so completely
controlled by collego entranco require
ments" Kvery fair minded public school
educator admits that our public schools',
all over the country, are a'ntlquated. tra
ditional and almot all else that Is un
desirable; hut he alo realizes that,
while" fewer than in per cent, of our
pupils have any prospect of eve- going
to college, the whole system Is bated on
college entrance requirements even down
to the lowest grades. The high sehools
are framed to fit for college, although
under tho most favorable circumstances
not half of the high school pupils will
enter any college, and the grade schools
are framed to fit for high school whits
more than 55 per cent of grnde pupils
will never enter high school
As a direct rcult of this the whole
situation Is full of anomalies, Injustices
and vicious waste of efficiency, time,
money nnd effort. All the evils, ad
mitted evils, that Mr, Klexner enumer
ates and hints at exist there almost
solely because a small minority of the
pupils hope to go to college. Where,
It Is to be wondered, would even the
most promising graduate of a "modern
school" fit, even nfter he had. as the
promoter hopes, cut off. two or three
years of college preparation
Courtes of study are prescribed by
superintendents and boards of educa
tion to meet the demands of the col
leges. Why not begin at the other end
of tho line and reform college entrance
nnd let the rest follow, as It easily must?
The teachers am not nil traditional,
hidebound pedants. They simply, even
the progressive and untradltlonal, can
not help themselves, G. H. D.
Wasiiinoton, D. C, April 6.
l'natlble Results of n Thermodynamic
Investigation.
To the Editor or Tnr. Sun sir; ".I,
If." asks If It would not be possible to
utlllie the gas supply In our legislative
chambers In view of the prevailing high
price of gasolene. It Is my humble
opinion that "J. H." gives honor where
honor Is not duo: I very much fear that
the commodity In question Is not gas but
consists solely of hot air. The heating
power of tho output, which, ns our
correspondent Justly remarks, h con
stantly on the Increase, cannot be denied :
ask the taxpayers w ho foot the hill, The
Illuminating power of this hot air Is
nil, and a thermodynamic Investigation
undertaken with a view to determin
ing Its efficiency as a source of motlvo
power would prove discouraging.
Ai.sKnT H. Gallatin,
Nkw York, April 6.
Thief lft the Lnd.
From tne it. Paul Fionrtr Tren
Herman iMreon purchased a farm at
Frederick, Polk enmity, and made partial
preparationa to move to the property.
When ha went up to look thlma over he
found the wlndona had been tnlen. He
returned, purchased new wlndov, and
then found the home had been carried
on In hla ah.ence,
A Mlnneaotan Houghly I'aed,
from lnt florhetter Pott
Mr. Hleelnger broke hla right arm ahovs
the elbow, was alao limited sorrely about
Hie city.
The Three Ordere.
Knlcker What ar the principal tllet
of architecture?
nocksr Villa, Wain llouee and bungalow.
PROPHETS OF NO-PROFITS.
Suspicion Awakeaea by Act of a More
or Less Mercenary Concern.
To tub (Bditor or The 8un Sir; Mr.
Schwab, president of the Bethlehem
Steel Company, told the stockholders of
that corDoratlon at their meeting in
iNewark on Tuesday that the company
Is prepared to manufacture armor for
an Indefinite period at any price which
the Federal Trade Commission shall,
after an examination of all the facts,
decide to be fair In other words, at
tlio Government's own price.
AW very fine, no doubt, but Is Mr.
Schwab prepared to prove that the Beth
lehem company will not make some
money even at ths Government Trade
Commission's prlco for armor? That Is
the pivotal point. If ho can demonstrate
that bis company will not make a cent,
or better still, that It will actually lose
money by taking Government armor
contracts on the basis named, then his
proposition might have certain claims
for consideration. As It stands It does
not escape suspicion of a lurking design
of oroflt earnlne.
On Its faco It distinctly smacks of an
attempt to undermine that vital function
of Government control which shields the
plain people from the evil of private
business enterprises conducted on a
money making basis. Pray, what la
Government for If It Is not to drive pri
vate persons out of business by seeing
well to It that their business Is crip
pled Into Impotence? What earthly
hotie is there of ths creat boon of Gov
ernment ownership and operation of
everything If the way Is to be left open
for rjrlvate concerns to live and inci
dentally to demoralize the public mind
by exhibits of money made Dy narrow
scientific economy In administration bs
compared with that .hearty, free handed
but equally conscientious waste of ma
terial and squandering of money which
is ever so coneolcuons ii feature of
Government business enterprises?
As a matter of fact It is becoming
more and mora apparent that the only
way to Insure ultimate Government
ownership of all Industries Is to make
legislative restrictions so drastic for all
private effort that that Impertinent form
of competition will be exterminated. In
the merchant marine legislation and In
the crippling regulations of railroads a
good beginning has been made. Ameri
can merchant shipping was all but driven
from the seas by hamstrlnalug legisla
tion to make way for the MoAdoo Gov
ernment marine. Between the strangle
holds of tho labor unloni and the vari
ous State and Interstate commissions
the railroads have been made to gasp
for the breiith of life. Josephus and
others arc now reaching out for the
throats of the steel Inlustrlcs. Thus
does the ood work go on.
The Government ownership chariot Is
moving. Is .Mr. Schwab trying to Insert
an Insidious spoke tn Its wheel"
Nkvv York, April . T.
IS IT TIME TO ACT?
Opinion of an Amerlran Not Fearful
of Ills Country's Might.
To the Editor ok The Scn Sir: A
letter on your editorial page signed "A
Wilson Voter of 1912'' was read with
Interest. Let me say a fervent amen
both to the letter nivl the signature.
It Is high time that rfien of red blrsul
In our country took up the cudgels to
make sure that no further Insults to our
flag shall be perpetrated.
I had occasion twice during the last
month to call the attention of n distin
guished member of our Senate to the
fact that American manhood has been
sufficient In the past to withstand any
and all nttneks on our women nnd chil
dren. It is nn evil day w-hen we find the
boasted chivalry of the South "shivering
In the back yard." while a loud mouthed
band of plrate tramp the world nnd
murder nt will our own women and
children.
It Is high time that so got Into action.
We are a peace loving nation and we
arc equally peace loving Individuals, but
thero are times when this very love may
be carried to a fault. It N time we
gave notice to the world that we do not
propose to surrender one Jot or tittle
of our hard won heritage and have
manhood and honor snlllelent to meet
every-foe that may present himself. It
certainly was sufficient, even when we
were ,a stripling nation, to deal with
any pirates that the world could pro
duce. A Voter.
New York, April t.
CIRCUMSPECT MR. DANIELS.
Ills Administrative Methods Leave a
Good Heal to the Imagination.
To tii Epitor or .The Scn -.s'lr; "1
never told the General Board to do any-'
thing In my life, says our Secretaty of
the Navy Mr. Daniels is circumspect,
while at the same time he tries to ap
pear frank Does he believe for n mo
ment that the feebicst Intellect that Is
watuMng him thinks' that he did him
self tell the General Board to do any
thing? His answer l a prudent one,
a nice, quiet, pious way of giving no
answer at all. Ills bridges are still In
tact ready for uc.
When the Secretary of the Navy, who
l tne source of all fortune to the Pe
paitment, returns a report, does he
think anybody believes that he passes
the j-poken word? In such cases naval
officials realize It is time to add to or
take from the document under lire.
When they ileire consideration from the
chief they get busy, but when, like
riske, they hope to stand on the!.- prin
ciples they resign.
Mr, Daniels says that after the recent
semi-annual examinations at Annapolis
he returned the oitlc.al report of the
Academ'c Hoard several times for ie
consideration. Are we to presume that
In this iMin the "recommendation to be
struck out" concerned th shrinking of
the report from "20 unatls-f.utory mid
dles to but S2? Kuril midshipmen to
19,50il enlisted men Is only a step, ai.d
nature runs true to form.
C. Havens.
IlonoKSN, N. .1.. April 6,
The Disputed Qunrtos.
To tub Koitok or The Si'n Sir; In
asmuch ns one of your correspondents
has taken me to task for rsferi-iiig to
tho first quarto of "Hamlet" ns without
doubt written by Shakeipeare, permit
mo to say that there la one way by
which any one may convince hltVseif
that the four disputed quartos are genu
Itie works of Shakespeare, and that w av
is by taking a text of each play anil
writing over it the quarto text, and then
asking .himself whether a "pirate" could
or would havo mado these changes, or
whether the later text was not re
written from the first quarto. Such n
method leaves no possible doubt but
that Shakespeare wrote each flit quaito
and afterward icwrote It Therefore it
Is 'to be regretted that the description
of these quartos In the, splendid exhibi
tion nt tho Public Library uiriiolds the
error that they were pr'nted from a
corrupt and shortened and pirated text,
us If, for example, Hie pli.ite having or
hearing the passage In "Hamlet'' (II.
'-. 2!-317) about the earth us h sterile
promontory, Ac, should change It to
Tills great world (on see contents tnr not,
No, nor the epsngled heaxent, nor earth,
nor eea,
No. nor man that 1- so glorious a creature,
These quartos are the wurk of Shake
speare, w hether stolen or not. A careful
exo-mlnnllon of the records of the Sta
tioners' Company refutes the. chat go
that thero was ever n play of his printed
In hlu lifetime against his consent or
the consent of the company of plajers
to which ho belonged
John B. Gi.eisok.
New York, April fi,
The Lexicographer's Task,
Noah UVh'ter as compiling hn .in
mortal fllPtiunaf v
"I n anted to collect a fesr nrd to
desvrlbe a clrc'is," lie explained,
EGYPT CLOSED TO
VOYAGING NEUTRALS
Tribulations of a .lunnipy Jn
tlio Near East "Wnr
Zone."'
CHOICE OF CABIN OR IKONS
fly OSCAR KIMd DAVIS.
Now Unit It Is all over and the sub
marines and mines are loft behind, it
Is possible to take a littlo less serious
view of travel through a "war ttmo'
than It was while doing duty as an
active member of s Ufa belt brigade
or standing watoh In a Mediterranean,
snow squall,
In Calcutta, when I bought my ticket
from Bombay to Marseilles the ogont
'"vied me n llttlo lxok showing the
things I must do In order to make Out
juui'.iey. 'I he first was nn "embarkation
notice," which gave directions for the
medical examination every one must un
dergo beforo he may leave Bombay by
steamer. You can't iKiard your ship un
less you present the medical permit at
the gangway.
The next, and tills was especially In.
tcrcstlng to me, was a slip headed "I'ass.
ports" which said:
"It Is necessary for passengers wish
ing to land In Kgypt to bn provided with
either ii British passport. If they re
Lrltlsh subjects, or with a passimrt bear
ing tho vise of a British consul "
With this waa another slip announc
ing that It was necessary to glv eeva
days irotlce In applying for a passport
nnd that less notice was likely tn re.
suit In disappointment Here was .i
distinct implication that It would be jw.
slblo to land In Hgvpt, protldcd tu
necessary arrangements wuta made ,n
India In advance.
Theie was a big sheet showing nhAt
must bo V.iue to laud at Marseilles a id
two more, sheets of notices about rn:n.
lutlons for getting Into and out of t
United Kingdom, showing that 1 must
have permission from the Bombay cm.
ernmcnt In order to go aboard sli
there.
I planned to stop In Kgypt, So t put
In two days nnd a half In Calcutta set.
tlr.g my papers properly fixed out In hi'.
cordance with nil those notifications, la
order to land at I'ort Said. I took s'i
other day In Bombay and at ln.t went
aboard the ship knowing that so far as
the pajiers were concerned I w,i V,l
right.
I had heard some Intimations at d f.
ferent points along the road th.il tht e
might b" some difficulty about my gel
ling ashore in Kgypt.
At Aden I got an Idea on what w
likely to happen further along.
Tills little outpost at the entrance t
the Bed Sea takes Itself seriously, fr
the Turks are within hearing dlstar.o
and their gunfire was going m whil
the ship lay there. As we cams to an
chor an army officer came aboard anl
went to the captain's cabin.
The L'ahln or "Irona."
Presently the chief steward came to
mo and usked for my passport. I was
the only American on board, and there
was only one other non-Brltlsh subject
a Greek, who was en route home. M
passport being In perfect order, I had nn
suspicion that there could be an'
trouble for me nt Aden. But I wa
mistaken.
The hoarding ortlccr presently left th.
ship and then the captain came to n.e
ar.d said that he had been ordered bi
the hoarding officer to seo that I went t
my cabin and remained there while th.
ship was In Aden. There was no e.
puliation of this order and no poi.
blllty of discussing It with the ls.ardlr.g
officer, for he had gone ashore.
It whs the cabin In peace or sr:
where else In Irons, ar.d I chose t .
nibin. So such glimpses of Aden a 1
could get were through an open air port
Klnully we came to lVrt Slid. I was
ticketed to l'ort Said, my baggno was
laUilvd for l'ort Said, and all indica
tions said It wns my destination. We
arrived about 10 o'clock In the mrnln
after air Interesting run throne!, t't
Sues Canal. That run showed how ti.
British aro guarding the lanal fr-m
Turkish attack. They havo fortified it
with water
At short Intervals along the ,-j-il
bank they have set up big -team pun i -and
ure lifting the Mediterranean .
over on to the northwest ...
AmblH. Kiom the deck of tie h n.
willed was posslbl) twenlv feet ,ils,e
Canal bHtik, clear to the e.isteri In-
then, was nothing but water A'l
the iv My the sttdli) pumps wr-e ' f ;
more. Military operations have leei
made liuiKisslble across that stret
country, ami when the war l .o,r
part of Arabia will he nothlm; hut a m
salt mine.
The whole length of the ca- ,il .
Ilv p.itiolled by both llrltlsh m l !
tioops. The British Tommies e .
anxious to know who we weie ,i' w
we were going, and when e i
shouted fiom the deck that we si
Ing hom. the answer fiom Uk inn
bank was "Lucky fella."
.No Land I ii u for .Neutrals.
At l'ort Said the Isiard'i g olV e ms
n member of the Kcypti.in p -
as the nee of spades and tll'.e I w , s
Importune.! of his position, br t - ih-
J'i'ts, holden of llrliish p.i-e, i"
go ashoie slid none others I' '
r.o avail that my pseepmt was '
onlei ; that It had been vled C-i ,i ,i
In Kgypt und that 1 had iomi .ed
every icgulatlon I was . i
alle, wcie not alloned t.i laid
I protested that I was a . i
non-combatant and :t i.euti.i:
British had no light to ci-n; . e i
eio th- dangerous war .me f . '
Said to Marseilles on a l ll.g"t
el . tlwy must give me. the opi
to go ashoro and wait for a i' .i '
sel in which to cross the war zi-ie . J
black lion r ling otliccr sm ! 1 . '
marked that tlicio wtrc no neut ai i
sels. We left I'ort Said nbout S po-x n
the evening, The t-hlp was a 1
liner twenlv vems .d.l. u.tr . . - .
lVi'sla, which was sent to th U v
a submarine, off Port Said.
As wo lay In Bott S.ud n ditv ' '
of British bluejackets came a boa' I
mounted a 4,7 Inch gun ;it the He v
supply of ammunition was madi e.
for instant uo, and from til '
the gun w us mounted until t!.'
I'd. lied Mai'sellles tho gm.n.r n
lail for Ini'iiedl.ite action
Before Hie Journey was eiiilel t ' i I
AC li.i'l a half a mllliot poii" U -n
gold from viistulla in the
There weie sixty monition w r
Australia among the pMcsenci '
with n miliary detail, u Lie .
eial and two .Major-Genor t'. i
and llm liardanelleji, with tl
itni a lot uf ether ntll.-ei
Wo were headnl for Mnis-i I f
one but the skipper know me
which we weie to travel We v.
the bl.ii'kue.s ,.f the nig 1 -every
knot the old ship .is
niaUing Not a rav f .tin'
Kach day the illstai'-e run I ,
was posted, hut no Utitii'ie or
was guen. so that iiobuil m
we wen' except i ho uavi-ating "
and tlicy l.epi their own e miiii-o'
pas-engeis tiill.-d Mibniai lr,.s md
ma" the Gem Mils. Overcoats, 1
and spare life belts were p e.'
brad of I no main companion'
were kept ready for Install' -wilh
prcvls'niu nnd water s i
and ever) tn, i,g in trsdlneu for ' '"
Ul't.oil.