The Sun and the New York herald. [volume], February 21, 1920, Page 3, Image 3

About The Sun and the New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1920-1920

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THE SUN AND 'NEW YORK HERALD, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1920.
ROB'T E. PEARY,
DISCOVERER OF
POLE, IS DEAD,
Succumbs, After long III
ncss and Many Operations
' for Blood Transfusion.
FAHITAT at his bedside
Stood "on Top of Earth" in
Ninth Attempt Undo
llenr Admiral.
lurid ID Tns SCN and New Tosk IlnAtD,
VVasiii.vcton, Feb. 20. Rear Ad
miral Robert K. Peary, discoverer of
the North Polo, died early to-day at
his Washington residence. For more
than two years ho had been suffering
with pernicious anaemia, whlch re
peated blood transfusions failed to al
leviate. Recently tho dlseaso became
acute, finally proving fatal.
Admiral Peary, who retained con
sciousness almost to the end, was sur
rounded by members of his Immediate
family when he died. With him were
his wlfo. Mrs. Josephine D. Peary: hta
daughter, Mrs. Mario A. Stafford, and
her husband, Edward Stafford; and
his niece. Miss Madgo Dlebltsch.
Tho disease which caused Admiral
Teary's death mado Its appearance
after he had finished a lecture tour in
the Interest of aerial preparedness, of
which he was an ardent advocate. Since
then blood transfusion operations have
been performed thlrty-flve times, the last
beltiS at tho naval hospital only a few
days aco. These kept up his waning
urength but did not check the progress
of tho disease.
After the last operation Admiral
Peary's strength appeared to revive for
a time and there was hope of his ulti
mate recovery, but yesterday he suf
fered a relapso and died early this
tnornlng.
Admiral Penry'a Career.
In the history of the world's 300
years of effort at polar achievement the
name of Hober Edwin reary, American,
ptandd out preeminent. And perhaps
nowhere 'n the world's history is there
a more conspicuous example of the In
dissoluble association of a name with
an ambition.
Smaii wonder then that the Amerteaa
purple thrilled, paused and applauded
nhen on the afternoon of September 6,
1909, two years after his Lotus Club
tpeech, the following laconic message
as received by the Associated Press by
wireless an J telegraph from Peary:
"Indian Harbor, via Cape Ray N. E.,
Pept 6. Stars and Stripes nailed to the
north pole. Pkart."
Teary's acuaJ attainment of the pole
had been Ju.t flvo months before, on
April 6. It had taken those five months
for the explorer to get withtoi hailing
distance of civilization, and when he did
his short announcement opened the flood
rates of one of the bitterest scientific
end personal public controversies of
recent times.
I'nknown to Peary when his flr9t an
nouncement of achievement reached
civilization the world for four days had
k"en -e'ebrating the supposed success of
Pr Frederick A. Cook. Cook, on board
a Danish steamship bound for Copen
ifren had telegraphed on September 2
that he reached the pole on April 21,
15ns. nearly a "year before Peary:
While the claim of the Brooklyn phy
ri lan had been questioned from the
first he had many ardent supporters,
and pending proof to the contrary" had
for four days been hailed as the dis
coverer of the Pole, the conqueror of
the uncharted northland. Then came
Peary's famous message that Cook had
"handed the world a gold 'brick." fol
lowed by this more explanatory state
cent which reached New Tork by way
o? Indian Harbor, Labrador, on the
ilternoon of September 8 :
"I have nailed the Stars and Stripes
t) the North Pole. This Is authoritative
asd correct Cook's etory should not
te taken too seriously. The two Es
kimos who accompanied him say he went
no distance north and not out of sight
tt land. Other members of the tribe
torroborate their story."
Pelt Lure of Northland.
Peary was a draughtsman In the of
fices of the Coast, and Geodetic Survey
li Washington when the lure of the
rorthland first exerted its influence over
him. He was at that time 30 years old.
Peary was bom at Cresson, Pa., in
JS5, and lost his father when he was
3 tears old. His mother moved to Port
land. Me . and young Pearv snent the
rreater part of his boyhood roaming
about and exploring Casco Bay. He went
to Rowdotn College, was graduated with
Honors and In the course of the physical
trainm? that was to stand htm In such
Fooij stead in years to come made some
thing of a record as a runner and
Jumper When he got his place In the
ast and Geodetic Survey he spent his
ime studying civil engineering, and
ui!15 ' passe(1 lnto the naval service
w'th the rank nf T.loutpn.-mt
Curiously enough his first assignment
" the navy carried him to tho tropics.
e went as leader of the survey party i
wat was to lay out the route for tho
Mcaraguan Canal.
It was probably fate that one day soon 1
er his return sent the young naval'
i.ieutenant browsing about an obscure i
J'd bookshop in Washington. Whatever I
' wa.'. fate or accident, something placed
n Teary's hands a shelfworn volume
y a forgotten author about Greenland,
'rom that moment Peary became an ln
latiable reador on the subject of the
fie ic and virtually consecrated himself '
io Polar exploration. i
Obtaining leave from the naval ser
h,e rirat led an expedition to Green
up for thi purpose of determining the
ent of this little known territory,
iie dKcovered and named many points
'nat since have become familiar names,
'ucn as Independence Bay, Melvlllo
Land and Kellprln Land. In one of his
". ,r voyases to Greenland he discov
er'1 th' famous meteorites, one of
v?.l may be seen ln he New Tork
ueiween these voyages Peary took to
the lecture platform In an effort to rals
an's
Seeds
1920
I
MVaugh
Catalogue READY
Barclay cor. Church St.
Explorer Dies in
ikt i Mms u7:!UiWk.ikrtHK.. bikini m ; t i
Admiral Robert E. Peary as he
he discovered the north pole.
funds for further exploration. The ear
nestness with which he threw himself
into this task Is evidenced by the fact
that on onu tour he delivered 163 lectures
m ninety-six days, raising 113.000.
The explorer's sevWith voyage into the
Arctic h?d to be given up when both his
feo became frozen. Although he had
reached thf most northerly land In tho
world, the tip of Greenland, which ho
named Cape Morris K. Jessup, and had
attained a latitude of 81.17, then the rec
ord of achievement ln the Western
Hemisphere, Peary wrote in his diary:
"Tho game Is off. My dream of six
teen years Is ended. I have made the
best fight I knew. I believe it was a
good one. But I cannot accomplish the
impossible."
Dr. Frldtjof Nansen. In his ship the
Pram, reached S" degrees and H minutes
north latitude in 1S96, and In 1900 the
Duke of the Abruzzl reached 6.33. the
best record at the time.
These achievements prompted Pearv
to try again. Accordingly on July 26, IMC,
he set sail from North Sydney, C. B.,
on his. eighth attempt to reach the Pole.
He and his party were aboard the spe
cially designed ship Roosevelt, a stout
sailing vcsse.l with reinforced, stem and
bows and auxiliary engines. With him
were his veteran navlgitor. Capt. Bob
Bartlett; Dr. Wolff. Charles Percy,
steward; Matthew A. Henson. Chief En
gineer Gecrge A. Wardwell, Prof. Ross
G. Marvin and others.
"Only an Empty Bnulile."
He reached 87 degrees 6 minutes, and
wrote :
"I thanked God with as good grace as
possible for what I had been able to ac
complish, though It was only an empty
bauble compared with the splendid
Jewel for which I was straining my
life.
"My flags were put out from the sum
mit of the highest pinnacle near us and
a hundred feet or so beyond this I left a
bottle containing a brief record and a
piece of the flag which Six years before
I had carried around the northern end
of Greenland. Then we started to re
turn." Peary was 52 years old when In July.
1308, he set out from New York on his
ninth and successful attempt to reach
the pole. The personnel of his party !
was. with one or two exceptions, the i
same as that wtilch accompanied him on
hia eighth attempt
Proceeding northward through Robe
son Channel to the Kane Basin Peary
established a winter baso at Cape Sheri
dan on the Lincoln Sea on September 5.
It was determined there to approach the
pole In Ave detachments. This method
was followed until the eighty-eighth
parallel was reached, when Peary, with
the negro Matt Henson left Capt. Bart
lett, who was ln charge of the fourth
detachment, and accompanied by four
Eskimos made the last dash of 135 miles
afoot In Ave days, reaching tho pole
April 6.
"Prise of TJiree Centnrles."
"The first thing I did." wrote Peary
In his own story of his achievement,
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appeared when on the trip in which
"was to write theso words in my diary:
" 'The pole at last. The prize of
three centuries. -My dream and goal for
twenty years. cannot bring myself to
realize It. It seems all so simple and
commonplace.' " t
Peary and his companions spent thir
ty hours in the vicinity of the Pole,
which was found to be a great tract of
frozen sea and not of land. T10 weather
during the time was cloudless, the tem
perature varying from 13 to 33 degrees
below zero. In tho open places where
soundings were taken the 9,000 feet of
wire which Peary had with him failed
to toucli bottom.
llolata American Flair,
Records of tho occasion were depos
ited and photographs made and the
Stars and Stripes hoisted for any to seo
who might ln future years attempt to
duplicate Peary s feat by air or other
wise. That was In accordance with tin
explorer's rode, although there Is, of
course, small likelihood of tho records
or other vvldcnco remaining in place on
account of the continuous movement of
the Ice
Scientists examined all of Teary's
data, compared his observations and de
ciaca nnauy that he actually reached a
point one mile and one-sixteenth from
the mathematical top of the earth. For
all scientific purposes Peary ,had
achieved his ambition and so far Is the
only white man who truthfully could de
clare that he had stood 'on the top of
the world,
On his return home Peary placed his
proofs before the House Committee on
Naval Affairs, which In concurrence
with the Senate on March 4, 1911. voted
him the thanks of Congress, raised him
to the rank of Rear Admiral of the
United States Navy and retired him on
pay. Decorations, medals and awards
of many kinds, were showered on him
before and after ultimate recognition of
his achievement had been made by his
own (iovcrnmcnt.
Following his lecture tours Admiral
J'eary spent some t me In rdst with his
family on Eagle Island, off the coast of
Maine. During this period he worked on
two books, "The North Pole" and "Se
crets of Polar Travel.
With the outbreak of the EuroDean
stncta forccd hlm ,nto more nctlve chan.
ncls and he accepted the chairmanship
war Aamirai rearys professional In
of the National Aerial Coast Patrol Com
mission. From time to time he warned
against the llkllhood of a raid on the
Atlantic coast by submarine or aircraft
and took the lead In an agitation looking
toward the establishment of an Ameri
can naval base In Greenland?.
In 1916 Admiral Peary made his first
and only essay towards a political
career. He becamo a candidate on a
preparedness platform to succeed the
late United States Senator Edwin C.
Burleigh of Maine, but after a week
withdrew, saying that he felt ho was un
skilled in politics nd not temperament
ally suited to a career that he thought
would necessitate frequent attacks upon
his friends.
Admiral Peary was married in 1888 to
Miss Josephine Dlebltsch of Washington.
who frequently accompanied lm on his
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Arctic trips. It was on one of these that
his daughter. Marie Ahnlchlto Peary,
was born. ' She has the distinction of
having been born farther north than any
other white child and becamo popularly
Known as "The snow uauy."
Admiral Peary was a member of all
tho principal geographical societies of
the world and held decorations from
many foreign Governments. He was a
member of Phi Beta Kappa and Delta
Kappa Epsllon fraternities and of Kane
Lodge F, and A. M,, named for Ellsha
Kont Kane, another American explorer
of Arctic fame.
STEFANSSON PAYS
k TRIBUTE TO PEARY
Says He Introduced Common
Sense Methods in Exploration.
Common sense methods ln exploration
and tho elimination of gallery heroics
were what contributed most to Admiral
Peary's success as an explorer, accord
ing to Vlihjalmur Stefansson, tne Arctic
explorer, who von learning of Admiral
Peary's death yesterday said:
"Peary's greatest contribution ti ex
ploration 'was tho Introduction of com
mon sense. Previously moro emphasis had
been laid on the heroism and tests of
endurance developed by trips Into the
North. Peary adopted the methods, of
the Esquimaux, which were less dra
matic, becauso they reduced hardship
and suffering to a minimum. In that
way he travelled In comparative com
fort In the winter, tho season found
hardest by his predecessors.
"I think Admiral Peary was easily the
foremost explorer who ever ventunM
into the North. Personally ho was a
charming man and the somewhat harsh
and brusque characteristics attributed to
him ' never; were found by those who
knew him closely, ln his opinions he
was decidedly broad minded, nnd
changed his views considerably as time
and experience came to him."
BRITISH LABOR ASKS
HALT IN HIGH COSTS
Big Profiteers Stir Leaders to
Action.
London, Feb 20. The constantly rls
Ing cost of living, which has been ac
centuated this week by further advances
In some essential commodities, has In
duced the Labor party to take action In
order to meet the situation. J. R.
Clynes, Laborite Member of rnrllament
and former Food Controller, to-day said
the Labor party was planning a series
of meetings In London and the provinces
to demand drastic measures against
profiteering.
DRY U. S. BLAMED
FOR ALIEN EXODUS
Poles, Czechs and Jugo-Slavs
Arrive in Switzerland.
Geneva, Feb: 20. Thousands 01
Toles, Czecho-Slovaks and Jugo-Slavs
who made small fortunes In America
arrived In Switicrland recently on the
way to their own countries, where their
Incomes will be Increased 60 to SO per
cenw by tne raics or exchange.
Some of them are returning through
patriotism or homesickness, but fully
three-fifths because, they declare, Amer
ica has gono dry. which they consider
tyranny. Meantime the Swiss cafete
rias are mixing a mild concoction la
belled as wlskey which Is being sold to
the exiles at a hlg price.
FOR STATE VOTES ON 2.75 BEER
Mlnnhan'a mil Would Settle Alco
holic Content (location.
Wasiunoton. Feb. 20. Amendment
of the Volstead prohibition enforcement
act so as to permit the States by refer
endums to authorlzo the sale of 2.75 per
cent, beer and 10 per cent, wine was
proposed In a bill introduced to-day by
Representative Mlnahan (N. J.).
"My bill," said Mr. Mlnahan, "merely
provides for a sane, reasonable and logi
cal method of enforcing the prohibition
constitutional amendment"
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LEA6DE IN CAMPAIGN
AS SENATE VIEWS IT
Hitchcock, Borah and Icnroot
Agree Root Has Forced
Issuo.
MUCH REGRET EXPRESSED
Johnson Holds If Rovision Is
Necessary tho Time To Do
So Is Now.
Bptctal to Tn 8'tm and New Yosk nnutD.
Washwotok, Feb. 20. The Now. York
Republican convention put the treaty Is
sue In the 1920 campaign for good or 111,
as the Senate viewed matters to-day,
Senator Hitchcock (Neb.), the acting
Democratic leader, made a carefully
weighed sneech for the Reconl protest
Ing against the disposition to blame the
Democrats for failure to ratify and In
sisting that the uncompromising Repub
lican position solely was to blame.
To his statement senators uoran
(Idaho) nnd Lenroot (Wis.) replied
from the Republican side. . The former
surveyed the Record to demonstrate that
Mr. Hitchcock was in error ln putting
the blame on the Republicans. :nslsttng
that from the beginning the Democrats
had refused to consider any suggestions
of compromise.
Mr, Borah, Irreconcilable and advo-
cato of carrying the treaty Issue squarely
to tho people, rejoiced over tho New
York convention utterance aa tho com
plete proof that the treaty is In the cam.
palgn and will be tne dominant Issue.
Ho quoted Ellhu Root's demand that the
treaty be ratified with reservations and
his pronouncement that the next Presi
dent should Initiate a revision of the
League of Nations.
Reservations Not Popular.
If thoso two declarations do not put
the treaty Into politics Senator Borah
demanded to know how tt could be put
there. Ho added "If you go In on this
treaty Issue you will come out with It
stripped of reservations. I have talked
to forty-two great mass meetings since
this debate started, and I say to you
that the people go to sleep when you
talk to them about reservations.'
Senator Johnson (Cal.), a candidate
for the Republican nomination, took
Issue Bharply with Mr. Root as to the
Immediate ratification of the treaty and
after March 4 proceeding to revise the
covenant. He insisted that if the cove
nant were so bad it must be revised
without delay.
"Mr. Root's characterization of Article
X. was no less severe than Its most
Implacablo foe ln the Senate," said Sen
ator Johnson. "He said It was 'espe
cially Important that the Senate prevent
the Ineradicable mistake of Article X'
"The position thus -taken by Mr. Root
seems to be that we should enter the
League of Nations, -but ihould trans
form It at once when the Republjcan
party comes Into power and make It
something which It If not to-day and
which It cannot be or do even with res
ervations. I cannot subscribe to any
such doctrine. To Join the league at
present with the mental or expressed
reservations that we are going to trans
mute It Into something different within
a year. Is neither fair to the other mem
bers of tho league nor Just to the people
of the United States."
When the Senate disposed of the
urgent deficiency bill about the middle
of the afternoon the treaty auto
matically came up. For a moment It
seemed as If a vote might be taken on
reservation No. 1. The Vice-President
was on tho oolnt of ordering tho roll
call when Senator Hitchcock arose. His
Immediate purptse, he said, was to pro
test against a newspaper publication
that he and probably the President
really want the treaty as an issue In
the campaign. . '
I am not In a position to speak for
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the President, of course," said Mr. Hitch
cock, "but I fell authorized to say on
behalf of Senators of tho minority thero
In no disposition among Democrat to
delay ratification of the treaty to make
It a campaign Issue. It Is almost tho
unanimous wfsh of Democratic Senators
to procure early ratification. They nro
willing to go more than half way for
this purpose and In agreeing on an hon
orable compromise of differences over
reservations. This Is not a mere asser
tion ; It Is proved by the records of the
Senate. It was on this side of the
Chamber that the movement was started
for reviving the treaty, and It was from
the other side that the answer camo tho
treaty was 'dead' and could not be re
vived. It was on this side tho move
ment originated to form a bipartisan
conference commltteo of a few Senators
to consider the subject' of compromise,
and It was tho Democrats In that con
ference that made qvery effort to pro
cure compromise.
"It cannot bo said theso propositions
of compromise are not liberal. Repub
lican Senators have gone so far as to
declare there Is no substantial differ
ence between them and tho'Lodgo res
ervation on Article X. Now, If -wo had
not shown a disposition to compromise,
to go .half way toward an agreement,
we might be charged with a design to
delay ratification, but wo have gone the
limit of .compromise; we have gono to
the point whero to go further w,ould be
to surrender,
"I would not have ' It understood I
am afraid of this Issuo In the cam
paign. I am not. I believe If It la
forced Into the campakn It would bo
the dominant Issue and that tho people
will decide It ln favor of the League of
Nations and against the obstruction
Ists."
Lenroot DUpnte Amertlon.
Senator Lenroot challenged tho state
ment that the Democrats and not the
Republicans had displayed a spirit ot
compromise. On the other hand, Mr.
Lenroot Insisted that to the very mo
ment of voting on ratification In No
vember Mr. Hitchcock refused to con
sider any compromise proposition to
consider any reservation.
"The Senator says," said Mr. Lenroot,
"that the bipartisan conference was
Initiated by the Democrats. 1 Insist It
was Initiated by the Republicans despite
that on the Republican side It was
recognized that there could be no change
In the substance In tho reservation on
Article X."
"Gentlemen .will finally recognize mat
It Is Impossible- to keep this Issue out
of the campaign," said Senator Borah.
The New York Republicans have made
It the dominating issue of tne 1320
campaign."
Like Mr. Johnston, Mr. uoran entirety
disagrees with tho suggestion that this
country should Immediately enter the
League of Nations and then lmmeaiateiy
after March 4 should Initiate a world
movement to reform tho league. Ho
thinks the safe thing Is to stay out.
PREMIERS TAKE UP
TRADE WITH RUSSIA
Continued from First Page.
cooperative societies will bo left over
by the council until Premier Mlllerand
eturns here from Paris. M. MUleranQ,
is Is well known, Is most Interested In
dispositions In Asia Minor, which may
bt radically changed on account ot this
latest Bolshevist menace. a3 well as by
the Cillclan massacres.
Lieut-Col. Sir Hamar Greenwood,
Under Secretary of the Foreign Office,
sneaking ln the House of Commons to-
tilght, announced that the Grand Mufti
In Cairo had issued a decree in wnicn
he branded Bolshevism as heretical and
warned all Moslems against It Thte
announcement by Sir Hamar was a pre
lude to a series of International ques
tions. In the course of which Tremler
Lloyd George promised tho House that
he would not commit Groat Britain In
connection with the Constantinople -set
tlement and the Turkish peace further
than was known already until members
had an opportunity to debate the ques
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tlon further. The dato for this debate
was set for one dhy next week,
Winston Churchill, Secretary of State
for War, reiterated his, promise that
tho British army would be reduced to
j :oo,ooo officers nnd men In tho course
I of the present financial year, as was
outlined In the Dudget. This brought
up the question of whether the German
army had been reduced In accordance
with tho terms of the peace treaty.
"Tho military forces at Germany's
disposal are sufficient only to maintain
Internnl order," Mr, Churchill roplled.
AuBtcn Chamberlain, Chancellor of the
Exchequer, renewed his former expres
sions of financial optimism. He con
demned tho proposal to make a levy on
trinkets and gold and silver plate to
meet the nation's Indebtedness. "J am
confident that by restricting Imports and
stimulating experts we wllj be able to
meet tho national obligations," ho said.
NEW HITCH ARISES
OVER RUSSIAN TRADE
Soviet Suspects Political Aims
m the, Proposal.
Oil tt Attociatcd Prtit.
CopENitAOny, Feb. 19, "In view of
tho recont pronouncement in Parte by
the SuDremo Krnnnmln rviun.ll ik.
Soviet Government Is reconsidering Its
lowaru uie plan for trading
with Iturala through cooperative socie
ties," said Maxim IJtvlnnff h n,,
Soviet representative here, to-day., 'Tho
suspicion that oomc people under cover
limn nro pursuing rar reaching
political alms has gained new grdund
and the whole plan soon may provo to
have died before Its birth.
"Mintlme nothing stands in the way
of dealing with Itussia Immediately by
countries which are prepared for direct
communication through prouer trade or
ganizations In Itussia. This perhaps re
quires some courage, but such courage
will be repaid. I understand that somo
countries already are moving in this di
rection." Just what "pronouncement" made by
the members of the economic 'council lri
I'arls was referred to M. Lltvlnoff Is
not apparent Tho Supremo Council Is.
sued on January 24 a note outlining to
the representatives of tho Itusslan Cen
tral Cooperative Union the details con
cerning the nartlal 1 If tl nir nf ihn htnt
ade against Itussia. Later, on February
6, doubt as to the practical working of
the plan for tho partial resumption of
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STREET AND AFTERNOON GOWNS
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$850 Genuine Beaver Coat $595
(30 inch length)
$850 Smart Nutria Wrap $595
$850 Hudson eal Wrap $650
(Gray Squirrel trimming)
$295 Black Russian Pony Coat $195
(Hudson Seal collar and cuffs)
$850 Hudson Seal Coat . $595
(Beaver collar and cuffs)
$1250 Hudson Seal Cape Wrap $750
$1250 Nutria & Hudson Seal Wrap $795
. $750 Hudson Seal Wraps $575
(40 inch length)
$1050 Rich Mole Coat $695
IN JAPAN
One man out of every th'irty
eight is a fisherman by trade.
In fact, the Japanese eat more
fish than any other people in
the world.
And what phenomenal prog'
ress the Japanese have made
in the last half century!
The cod, the favorite fish of
the Flowery Kingdom, is a
genuine treat as served at
CHILDS.
t Fln.lr hrJ(Ud, nri.it
with Huffy muhtd pot
toi and frid folda
browa titty FrUtf,
trado with Itussia developed at the ses
sion of the Council of Ambassadors. it
was asserted that the Soviet Govern
ment, after Having said It would con
sent to the proposed restricted trading
through tho cooperative societies, had
shown a disposition to tie up tho socle
ties with official administration In such
a way as to make even partial trading
Impossible.
ABORITE LOSES IN ENGLAND.
Independent Candidate Wlna in
. Wrckln Dye Election.
London, Feb. 20. The byo election
for member of tho House of Commons
for tho Wrekln Division of Shropshire,
recently held, rosulted In tho election of
Charles Palmer, Independent, by B38
plurality over Charles Duncan, tho Labor
candidate, nnd John Bayley, Coalition
Liberal.
AVEA.T 46TM 5Ti
NEW YORK
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