<y> ! ? ^ .1 . i , ii ! ! i i
TH
Ha 5319.
INTERESTING CHINESE INTELLIGENCE.
aoairs in ine veiesuai umpire.
The Effect of the European Revolutions.
die. die. &c.
[Prom tta* China Mail, Sept 28. j
Hwang, the late Lieatenant-Uoverupr of Kwantung,
ku been summoned to Conrt, ostensibly to reoeive office,
but in reality, it is surmised, to give bis opinion
of the present state of foreign affairs. The sub?tanc?
of the recent news from Europe has been forwarded to
the Emperor, and the events are no extraordinary, that
even the customary apathy of his Celestial Majesty
bus been roused to inquire farther into their nature,
et which no Chinese is better informed than Hwang.
His ideas on the subjeot may not be very comprehensive
in the estimation of European politicians, but
they are oertain to be marked by prw-r^'.e and good
aeiue .and greatly in advance of other imr?rial councillors.
Hwang waa Keylng's most trusted adviser, even after
be was deprived of office; and the imperial Commissioner
never enfaged in foreign affairs without oonsulting
him. The office is now entrusted to a in*n of aueh inferior
qualifications, that Kejing probably sees the
necessity of having Hwang's couusel and oo operation
in reference to opening the oity of Canton in April
next.
Sen, the new.Governor General wh nowholda the
appointment for the management of Barbarian Affairs,
lately recommended a naval offloer at Heang-*bau for
pi emotion; but hla request, on account ef iuibrmallty,
has been refused, a result quite unexpected, and which
bas engaged the attention of the Board of War. The
people under hla jurisdiction praise him for not being
greedy of money. He himself has frequently expressed
bis total indifference resnectinff the honors conferred
upon him, a od hi s read! ness to surrender them all, In
order tola t r jd and quiet life. His administration
ha. -.Una. -.n marked by great severity in the
dispensation of jusiioe, endeavoring to overawe evildoers
by cruel punishments. Nevertheless, crime does
not seem to be on the deorease.
Accounts of the disastrous consequences of tho
hiavy rains In the North, continue toarrive. Several
r*vers are raid to have inundated whole districts, and
the most terrible ravages of the Hoan;-ho ara apprehended,
if the rains oontinuo.
[From the Peking Gazette ]
Some of the aboriginal Meaoutsze in Hoo-nafltiavtug
misted ti e tax gatherer, were denounced a* rebels,
and an army was marobed Into their mountains.
ILe insurgents were routed in a pttoht d battle, an 1
many of the leaders, according to the statement of the
commanding general, came of their own acoord to
nrrender themselves The oourt d.r-eted that tlse
offenders should be treated with the utmost rigor,
and similar revelti for ever be put down by decisive
and rigorous measure#. Zu\a tie *""aQable J
Le, the Proviaoial Judge of Kwang tung (refl?a-^y
appointed superintendent of finances) is remarkible
lor bis activity and exoellent intentions Unwearied
in writing proclamations and prohibitions against the
prtvailing vices of the people committed to his care,
te endeavours, by all means in his power, to strike
terror into evil doers by inorea-dng the severity of
punishments. Yet crime has not decreased, bat teems
rather to become more prevalent.
Gankwei, a sc!?n of the imperial clan, who had
grown up with Taonkwang, and fer many years
ranked amongst the most confidential servant! of his
sovereign, is dead He held, alternately, mmy high
offices and was frequently the president of on* or other
of the Six Boards, rendering himself also celebrated
by his financial mea9ures. Few men could boast of i
*/, ikom K. tmrvn.i.l ma.fr- .
r^uBi lATvir ruuwu kv lurui uj iudii iiupriini ui^ .Of,
and none better deserved such tokens of his highest
approbation Gan kwel was therefore one '0f the msst
fortunate mortals of bis ag?, as far v worldly honor*
and emoluments were concerned, jfor some months
he had been ailing, and, after J?,Uch entreaty, obtained
have of absence. By the tf jie his loave had expired,
his illness had great!y Increased, and, shortly afterwards,
be died, to the great grief of the empcrar. Ilia
name rants high for undevlating rectitude and statesmanlike
abilities.
Several districts in Shen-ae have been anabie to pay
the land-tax this year. The supreme government has
tber<fore ordered that the exaction of the same should
he delayed, and a proclamation published to make
known to the peasantry that this indulgence proceeds
from the great bounty of the monaroh. and that
underlings are not to avail themselves of the opportunity
to extort money. There are sevoral heavy debts
owing to the imperial travelling establishment, derivable
from investments in lands. These sums are to be
colleoted with all possible rigor, and other outstanding
items must likewise be paid into the imperial
tieasury.
The Governor General of Shea ae and Kaa-anh,
who lately asked for leave of absence to behtld the
Oregon's race, (havean audleaee,) has not obtained his
boon. He remains at his important station , but, aa
he was suffering under an optbalmlc complaint, received
permission to att?nd to it for % month or so,
but not to delay bis recovery much longer. He hold*
a very important post, which can be filled by none but
a man of strong nerve, able to adopt vigorous measures
at the spur of a moment. In Lie, he has given
many proofs that he possesses the requisite qualifications,
and can curb the insolence of the Mahomdedans.
The Governor cf Kwang se 'Cochin China) having
been officially informed through the prefect of Taeping,
that Yusn fuhfhe had aucceeded to the throne
of An-nam, his predecessor Yuen tub seuen (the name
of hla reign was Tbreu tree) having died on the 1st
November last year?an envoy was thereupon sent to
communicate this event to the K.mperorof China and to
aubmit a letter to that effect to the throne. The Governor
of Kwang se being fully persuaded that that
nation has for many years been raspeetfully obedient
to its leige lord, reqaeited, In conjunction with the
high imperial commissioner at Canton, that tbe tribute-bearer
might be permitted to proceed to Pekln.
It would thus appear that the young king is dlspossd
to tread In the steps ofhls father, by entire submission
to the sway and customs of China, from whence his
great grandfather so determinate^ deviated by introducing
Improvements, and rousing the spirit of the
nation through Krench influence.
i lue granaee inf-:ui'nj mi wru ?uo?u auiuugsk iureignem
f?r bin persuasive talents. has now fairly comnieneed
his refonns in Szechuen, of which province he
was Governor-General beforo hi* admission into the
cabinet, and to which he was re-appolnted eighteen
months ago. He la perfectly aware of the difficulties
of tbe administration of a country full of high mountain*,
where the natite Chinese possess same of the
independence of mountaineers II* has likewise to
keep an eye constantly upon the indigenous tribes
scattered throughout the territory, who are brave aud
determined in their resistance to Chinese encroachments.
Tbtre ?re also the Sefans on the western frontiers.
a most unruly race, as well as some of the Kokonor
tribes, all nominally owning tbe Chinese sway, but
always ready to pounce upon their unwarlike liega
lords. An aetive mind like Keshen's therefore finds
work enough in controlling naclfylng. and punishing
tbe people under his jurisdiction, and he seems to be
never at rest.
The emperor, adverting to the djath of Gan-k v?l,
says, that he was endowed with firmness and determination.
and in all transactions did his duty. Hn
endured fatlgus?was not resentrul?was most oareful
and aocur ite in all he did, exerting himself to ths utmost
of his powers. He fell sick ofaceld last winter, had
bis leave of absence extended, and died unexpectedly.
Tbe monarch ahed tears at his los.i, raised his pojthunions
rank, bertewed a number of presents and
three hundred taels in silver to defray the expenses of
the burial. His son received the appointment of a
lile-guardsman in the third olass, and will bave access
to the palace. In this manner ha? Taukwang provtd
bir great affection for his relative.
A distant relation of the imperial clan having been
imprisoned for a debt of his graodsire. on baing informed
of the death of a near relative, begged to b?
r'"" """"J *" "? >" ??j ...
the tomb llin r?|Uest was readily granted. and )i i
obtained full permission to perform the duties of QlUI
p ety.
The Kmperor continue* to enjoy good health, an I is
p'esent at the cabluet councils and the a lata merlttci'ii.
A Mantchco found guilty of felling to ne Are-trees
to the precincts of the imperial reeid ,'no*, hu been
rcDttiFced to decapitation. Hi<) aosoinpllc?<< are denouiiced.
and will he punished as noon as appruhenJed
The disturbances in Snow-Tung hare b?<n quelled
but a Fpirit of ia*ttbordfn.'Uiou slill prevail* trieru as
veil as In the capital. China has un lergone au eutire
revolution in Its Ideas of pissive obu Il-noo. which ar<?
now totally at variance With the exi ting institutions.
This jiar, in spring, the Kmpefur irade a tour to the
western tombs of his anceitcrs to perform thu sole.uu
ilte of presenting racriEce* to their mane*. Daring
hi* absence, two of his uncle*, with M'.ih-che.nsah. tb*
premier, and Cbo plr^-teen. a Chinese minister of
*t?'e, ooudueted the administration of the ernp'rc.
Muhchangah l? raid to haie r?Mr?d on account rf
licknes*. and the iiumlnalion of hit *uccr?aur was still
deferred.
4 treat changes hare taken place In the oatngim 1'ng
?fBner* rf th? pre tori sn hands or eljht standard < Thin
1/ considered a certain indication of a oUnng* In the
ministry.
It ha* been found necesary to mill? aKera'.ioas in
the succession of the princes of the blond. who from
generation to generation will descend gradually in
tank, till they flDally become mixed wlr.b the people
'I he pooterUy of the Imnerial elan Is so nn neron*, an I
l.as branched ofT in such an extraordinary minn?r.
that luany of the noble scions who claim their descent
from thn imperial house, are no better olf than m?nial*,
receiving hut a small stipend. A great grand'on of
Kbang b.? Is a fervaot, and many other Individual*
have scarcely the wage* rf coolies. If their number*
re not loincedhy the above sliding scale, they will
f. rally be ?o great a' to absorb the wh >Ie revenue of the
Imperial ho*se, Theyoung n?n h *loa.:l rir t.i this privileged
class, ara moreover very proud, an 1 frequently
give rise to quarrels by their aggressive and insolent
J ehaii'>r. thus occasioning much sorrow to their imperial
kin?man. Heme they have been kept under
I-?
TMy RIVAL oounrtiui, BUM pwu.nunu ~ w. u
*?v?nty.
Many ?unuoln have lately ab*oonded from th?
harem to Ihf Rreat rtlepIeaMire of the Kmperor. One
who fled four time*. i? wn( to the rlrer Amour, to bv
now a !??? to the roldicr* there for life Another,
who hao had inn* connection with the opium traflla In
ihn palaoe, will, a* goon a? L? lf> onu^ht, receive *nrrr?
)>nuMhnient.
SdYtral dUtilftl in Sb&n-tur-g Larioj eullcred lroai
t
E'NE
MOB
fUDd.j calamities, were exempted from paying Una
during last jur. The tame favor was shown to some
diatrlcta In Shen-se Wherever the bmpercr show*
himrelt thus gracious hla bounty ia loudly proclaimed
In large lettara npon thousands ef yellow papers stunk
up at all eornara, that the Inhabitant* nay remember
the paternal goodness of the great Kinperor.
An immeme list of candidate* for office*, onaocount
of the patriotic contribution* paid into the imperial
treasury, appear* again in the Ptkin Gasrttt. Money
la decidedly the omnipotent instrument of the day;
and talent, unsupported by this commodity, ba< little
t rorpert of promotion. The sale of oflioes is an understo<
d thing, and the fundamental prinoiple of the
Chinese monarchy, of raking the bent literati to the
bifihett honors, is rtually abrogated.
The salt monopoly, in the north of China, which, in
day* of yore, yielded such immense profits, is likely to
undergo great alterations, for most of the merchants
engaged in it are bankrupt aod the deficit of the ircome
occasioned by their inability to pay the dues,
gives rise to serious evil*.
Keshen dismissed an officer en the charge of drunkenness?a
misdemeanor of very rare occurrence amongst
Chinese officials.
Paou-cbaag, formerly minister of Thibet, but who
was recalled In consequenee of certain aocusationa
brought against him, is appointed President of the
Board of War, and bas regained the full confidence of
his n.aster
Le. the provincial Judge, has issued very severe prohibitions
against Budhi*t nuns. It would appear that
the younger members of the sisterhood do not act up
to their vows, and that many youths are led astray by
them.
Wooleang, the Mantchoo minister at the court of
Lbasaa, having died, the Kmperor directed that some
token* of favor should be shown towards him.
Lin trib-tseu. thecx-oomu>is?ioner of Kwaniftungand
present Governor General of Yunnan aud Kwei-choo,
teems to be distressed for means wherewith to disperse
ome robbers who have become very powerful. The
gevernaaent directs blm to make use of the patriotic
contributions alieady collected. These robbers are
probably insurgents, who have opposed the lenient
ineacures of Lin, and must be put dow z. with the strong
hand.
Sen, the new Governor of Canton, has been raised
five steps and recorded three time*, for having sent a
patriotic contribution of 10 000 taels to relieve the
staiving people of Ho-nan, he being a native of that
province.
Le, while provincial judge of Kwang-tung. issued a
very petere proclamation against the horrible custom
of drow Dlllg female infante, and threatened to vl*it the
perpetrator* of euch deeds with the utmost penalty of
the law. as if they had murdered a aon or grandson.
Chang, the magistrate, has issued several prohibitions
against kidnapping and selliing children, the
worst description of slave trade. A regular traffic of
tll< kind Is carried on to a great extent.
Amwi r*orr.c.t ok Kkvino's.?Leu-tsin. the late
Prefect of Canton, and recently intendantof ShaouKing
and other dbtriots, is said to have fallen into disgrace,
and been sent in chains to Canton n# n
proud, overbearing man, vain of his talents, and very
severe upon go that ha must always have
a great many enemies.
Many sensible papers have lately appeared on the
subjeot of the transportation of grain by way of Tientsin,
one of whieh makes it incumbent upon the broken
to refund what is short in the amount, if the loss whs
not occasioned by the carelessness of the captain; but
this arrangement being'.a Opposition to existing oustom,
finds little fav^r the eyes of the grandees.
To prevent inroads in their country, the Koreans
deserted, cha 'whole northwestern tract which borders
upon Mantchooria. The Chinese government appears
anki^'Ua to meet the wishes of this recluse people, by
^Tohibiting vagabonds from cultivating the land, as
squatters on the frontiers. Under these the poor
Sban-ce peasantry are com?" bended, who leave their
homes on the barren hill- cultivate the virgin soil
of Kirin They are, hr ' <r, too numerous and persevering
to be repelled! j mere prohibitory enaetmants.
There ia another ordinance, which forbids them to
clear the soil on the border land of Kirin and Le awatung.
The latter district, though the patrimony of
the ruling Mamchoo dynasty, is now entirely in the
possession of Chinese agriculturists. These injunctions
will probably remain a dead letter, as great masses
of starving human beings pour constantly into the
vast uninhabited parts o.* Mantchoorla, and in spita of
the government, soon change the desert into ? garden.
A memorial from the Lieutenant-Governor of
Keang-ie, explaining the causes of the insurreotion at
Linehuen, baa appeared. A body of men, under the
pretence of building a temple, imposed a heavy tax
on the peasantry. To put a stop to such imposition,
the gentry seised the leader, ills adherents
took revenge on the captors, and the whole country
was in a short time in a blaze Kuoh is the government
version, which no doubt differs materially from
tbe real facta. In the meanwhile the whole brigade of
the Lieutenant Governor haa bean despatched to budpress
the rising, which proves that the disturbance Is
of the most serious nature.
It would appear that the Meaou-tsze, being attacked
' in Hoo-nan, took refuge in Kwang-sa. Whether
they have suffered a defeat is very doubtful, yet the
Lieutenant Governor of the former province has
begged a reward for the officers who distinguished
themselves in the campaign. The war has been a
costly one, and is by no means yet tlniohed. To supply
the wants of the public purse, the Kwang-se Lieutenant-Governer
proposed to open a subscription for
! patriotic contributions, insuring to donors rank and
I emoluments. Key-ing joined in his request, and the
I Kmperor has no deubt granted it.
| RUSSIAN INTERCOURSE WITH CHINA?TREATY OF
K1AKTOU.
[From the China Mail. Sept. 21.1
We had recently occasion to reter to tbe state of
commercial relations between Russia and China, and
' regretted the want of a copy of the treaty of KUktou,
| by which they are regulated. This want has n.ow been
' pupplied by the kindness of a triend, to whom we are
indebted for a French Teieion. made from the original
' <Mantehoo, *f the treaty in question, which we now
1 publish, accompanied by an English translation.
It is both curious and important, as being the oldest
1 existing treaty of commerce entered into by China
; with an Kuropean state on terms of equality; for in
I that of lBfce, the result of prolonged negotiatious.trade
{ la only incidentally referred to, and restrioted to those
1 "who have pasaprr-s, by which it appears, they came
| with permission," while the preamble sets forth Its object
to be " in order to repress the Insolence of certain
1 roTera, who. passing beyond the bounds of their lands
! to hunt, robbed murdered, and committed other out1
ragea; as also for settling the bounds between the two
( ?n.p:res,of China and Russia; and la short, to esta!
blif fc an everlasting peace and good understanding."
This treaty did not redound uinch ta the credit of
| Ilucsla, which gavu up its claims to a large tract of
country, and to what wan of greater importance, the
! command of the river Auioor- objects fur which it had
j wtged a border war for many years.
As an accompaniment to the prevent treaty, a brief
! summary of the several embassies from Kuaaia to ChiI
mi. may not be unacceptable, for the materials of
! which we are chiefly indebted to the "Actus de la So'
e'?'tc Orientale," and Maiila, Iiiatoire Ocncralc de la
Chine."
The first embassy from Russia to the oourt of Pekin,
was In 1666 and had for itsobjest to establish freedom
' nf nnmmerra Kitwoun (ha t mm onnntrica Th ? Vmm*.
; ror (Shun chi) directed that the Russians should b?
treated with honor, and had a guard placed over the
house appropriated to them, by whom they were to bs
accompanied wherever they went?attention* which
1 wcuid probably have been willingly dispensed with.
1 As a preliminary to negotiations, itw?? required that
the Russian monarch should be acknowledged a* i.ho
Tarsal of China, oad the prtsents be had sent nooepted
I as tribute. To there conditions the Hus?ian ambi*i
rador would not accede, and he was, therefore, compelled
to return home without having accomplished
' anjthing, except to And that the Kmperor of China
i was regarded as the suprene ruler of all the nations of
thewerld. [Shun-ohi, the son of the victorious Mant'
cUoo Teensuog. or Ttung tih and founder of th? present
dynarty, was, on assuming the tliran*. ' proclaimed
Kmperor. nott.f China only hot of the world "]
i NietihulT, who wan then at IVkin, attached to thu
I L)utch Mission states that It was uot because the Ru?.
sians refused to ackrowledge their monsrch to ha
li.e vas?al of China that they were not received, hut
I tecovee they would not submit to the ceremony of
{ investiture. which however, amounted to the *ame
I ttin/, as liist would, in efl.-ol, hfc?e been th- MCkuotvIt
Cement < f va??alage or d^peodmoe.
i he ttcor d em busty. ni.dir I hei di re llexioviex < Jolev
in. ail I ted at l'i kin in dui lug the teun of
the Kmperor Ksnc-hi. and had for its sole object tfee
settlement <>f the frontier, as his bvenulr.ajy ai?ntiOBfd.
The third erohntsy. under Ifbrantz Ides arrived at
r. km in MovrtDotr. lbM, atera journey through Silnriar.nl
Tartarj of 18 months. The objects of the
I trnbsnj tv?te ohletly commercial, but it doe* not. apl
pear to have teeu moaetttul. although InoranU, in his
| nocouiitot his embassy, allege* that he was received
j with the ceremonial obserTtd iu Kuropv; and that, inI
stead otdepr.s'.tlni: Ms credentials upon the table p'ir.
i posely prepared, he plactd them upon the thron >, and
In the prefence of the Kmperor. If so it is remarkable
that thiM concession on a point of ceremsny
should nave been the only advantage gained by tbu
sinbnrsad* r
The four'h embassy was that of MmallofT, In 17*20,
rendered famous, not so much by its sunees<fu| rs^uits.
hj ihe admirable account of it niven by John Bell i>f
At'.nmrnj, thr tnvdicai attendant, and in the Journal
o/ l)r l.nnge. tn? S'-rreiary of the rii??lun. whr> r m
tinned an resident at I'ekin for nearly two y?vir?, until
Ilia ciote of the lon? aad eni'jf lite tied reign of
KunRhl
The firth emOMBT wai that of Wiailda w'.tche.
despatched in the l*?t, }ear of the rei^n of the Kmpen*
Catharine of Kuwia. After iimu^ln^ the
in port ant treaty of Kiaktou, the Amba.iiidor proex
(led to I'ukin, wh?r? he arrived iu 17iH. duri ng the
lelgun of Yung-cnlng of Cfiioa and I'etur II of ItiiMia.
FIt* year* ?nbw<|ii?nUy three Mandarin i with a nui
inerou* retlaue, rnme an an cmbinsy to SI Peter?burj(
I ?a preeedent which haa'not been eince followed with
, Itussta or any otkar country.
The ei*th embassy was that of Kropotoff, who obtain!
d an audience, It in paid. by submitting to perfrrm
the Kotow, but without effecting the commercial
obj?cti of hi* tnionion
The Kerrnth embany wai that of Golowkln*, in
I hi.i o, in tn? rciati* or too Kmperorn Alexander of
Humitft and Klaklng of Chin*. ThU wax tht< most
magnificent mini-ion that had nrr b??ii dMpatoh?d to
1'ektn; b?t th? xtrnt of ih? rotinun, numbering upward*
of tiro hundred individual*, upon whom nothing
had bffn ?par?d that would t?nd to add to
> Mwir rplendor. only seem* to have augmented tbi
itwii. v..^ * . <
W YO
tNING EDITION?TUE
I Amb&MiLdnr'fi diffirnl i?*? And wax thrnncrhniit hia
prrpreaa, a peipetual ca?'?? of ohj?cton on the
part of tbe mandarins Tb^ question of the err*
menial to be observed on preaentatlon having
been warmly dUcuesed during the recent ?mbaa?y
of Lord Macartney. Gelowkin also demurred about
confirming to It; and the Vieeroy of Mongo'ia aoccrdingiy
aent a deputation to Pekin, for in?tructlooa
aa to the t>rma on wbleh the mi.'iion ahould be
uttered to proofed These were to tbe effect, that the
Viceroy ahould invite the Ituaaian envoy to a f?a*t in
the name of tbe Emperor, and there require tbe performance
of the nine proatrationa before a acreen and
table covered with cloth of imperial yellow. Thla Qolcwkin
refuaed to comply with, aod an order for hi? return
waa rhortly afterwarda received. lie had arrived
at the frontier on tbe lit January, and departed homeward.
without having reaohed Pekin, on the 10th of
February. 18f6.
Tbia waa tbe laat embaaav from Ruaaia to China, for
tbe mlealona of 1808 and 1820 were undertaken profwafHlv
to keep up tbe communication with Pekln, bat
probably not leaa to obaervt the a>at? of the countey
and judge of its reaourcea. The miaalon of 18'JO wa?
conducted by Timkowaki, who haa written an intereaticp
account of it.
A secret miraion under Waaalgen ia aaid, on the
authority of tbe Courritr Ft avcaiie, to have be?n projected
In 1840 We know nothing of ita obj'ota or r?ault;
but we do know that the Chlneae authoritiea peremptorily
refuaed to allow|the Prina Menanblkoff to
di?charge her cargo at any of the porta, holding that
the Kxfaana are reatricted to the ;roviaiona of the Kiaktou
treaty.
[From the Mail, of September 28 ]
According to our ahipping report, the Prina Menacblkoff
baa left Wooaung. and proceeded to Kamchatka
with her oargo of fare. Waa thia really a apeculatlon
of tbe Fur Company, or merely a cloak for an experiment
in a higher quarter?
Some of the Leading Characters In the
Kuropean Revolutions.
AUSTRIA
The new ministry informed as follows:?
rrince Schwartzenburgh, President of the Council.
Count Stadioa. Milliliter of the Interior.
General de Cordon, War.
M. Kiuus. Finance.
M. Threnfeide, Agriculture.
M. Bruck. Commerce.
The Ministers of Justice and Worship ?re not yet
named.
A letter from Vienna of the 21st of Nov. says:?
The new ministry is at last constituted: M Bach ha*
the portfolio tf justice, and M. Rbinnfeld, deputy of
the centre, that of publio worship. The provisional
acceptation of M Bach is said to have been one of the
conditions of Count Stadion to take the portfolio of tha
interior. Amongst the conditions which Count Stadion
made to the Kmperor, is the demand that the Councillor
tf State, Weins, and M I'ignitzshould be sent away;
the same measure 1b. it is said, to be applied to M.
punter, who took refuge in Austria, relative to the
affairs ci iu" Sunderbund. Tbe?e men were the
principal Instrum?tu?~ P^Prino? Metterniph. 1 have
seen the programme which tha present cabinet is about
to pufehfi. it dtViares that it will maintain the absolve
integrity of the monarchy, and thai; it will not
permit its primitive organization to be disturbed. The
langusge of the programme is exceedingly vague, so
much so that it is not easy to say exaotly what are the
views of the minlstary as to the reeonstitution of the
empire. What is certain is, that it will have a monarchy
under some form or other, and that, although it ren?W3
the declaration that it will maintain for the country
the liberties that i t has obtained by conquest, the palioy
of the new cabinet must fata iy lead it to a direct at d
open protest against the resolutions of the parliament
of Frankfort. ;v (5* U- a
Prince Windiscikjratz, the generalissimo of the
Austrian troops, is exceedingly rich, and descenda
on the maternal side from the celebrated Walleustein.
lie is chivalrous, and of the greatest bravery,
and his devotion to the imperial family is unlimited,
although he has instituted a process against
that family lor the renewal of the name and restoration
of the j>ro|>erty of Wallfnstein. At the
head of the (Irand Duke Constantine's regiment
1.. ?1 1 "?ii- ?
UI tmioroiur, nr ^11.017 u inii ugii loueu 1IIII19CU (fil
on several occasions in 1814, and was decorated
with the cross of Maria Therene lor resisting successfully
for three hours, in a puss, a force of quadruple
strength. Windischgrat/. is about 63 yearB
ot age.
c Jos. Jeixachich at present Baron, Field Martial,
and liann ot Croatia and Sclavonia, was, in
the month ot March, only a simple colonel ot a
troniier regiment, who made himselt beloved by
the soldiery, because he had himself issued from
the same rustic stock. His popularity increased
a* the quarrels of nationalities became ardent: and
when, in the month of March, the repeal of the
Austro-Hungarian union frightened the Croats still
more lest they should be abandoned without delenc
to the Magyers, Col. Jellachich was immediately
designated by the public voice as the chief
oi the national resistance. On this indication the
cabinet of Vienna made him the governor of the
country.
The new Khemsh Gazette, in a letter from
Vienna of the 21st, said that the wife of HIu 111 had
arrived to demnnd the body ef her husband, but
that it had been dissected, like those of the other
insurgents who were executed.
HUNGARY.
Louis Kossuth, during the celebrated diet of
1M5, edited a manuscript newspaper, in which,
escaping the censorship of his Austrian tyrants,
he published each day an account ot the proceedings
ot the sitting. The police in vain endeavored
to seize it nt the post office. When the
editor found that his letters were opened, he sent
about his paper by the hussars of the comitat. The
police always bore him h giudae. At the close of
the diet, Kossuth edited another journal. Summoned
to drop it, he appealed to the comitat ol
l'esth, who bade him go on. He was arrested by
soldiers, and chut up lit Uude. < >n coining out, he
founded the Journal of Prtth, and became the most
ardent advocate of the popular cause. His courage
and ability astonished the Austrian government,
which, unable to bear the leuet shadow ol free discussion,
got up a ditlerencc between Kossuth and
his proprietor. lie left the paper, and, abandoning
journalism, took to association. He founded
numerous things necessary to the prosperity of the
country. It was he who began the agitation in favor
ol manufacturing industry, and fought against
Austrian protectionists When the movement took
place, the comitat of l'estli scat Kossuth, by an
overwhelming majority, to the diet. He soon became
finance minister, and is now supreme dictator
of his beloved country durin? its strangle wiih
the tyranny, despotism, and obstinacy of Austria
and its imbecile emperor.
The Beilage to the Prussian Slants Zeitung, of
Monday, in a communicakon from Pesth, dated
November 14, gives the following address of Kossuth,
to the Hungarian National Assembly:?
"As I haTP rcnivnd permission fr >m the House to
m*ke r.n inepection of our ramp, with n Yiew to a clear
understanding of our position and to sati.-fy many of
lbs means ot defence, ho I have taken the liberty to
auk fern sitting ot the Assembly, before which t can
lay the rfsuits of my Inquiries, and the nec?s*ary m??
sure* which must he taken. 1 must statu lhut I found
tbe camp in a icost satisfactory state, and ictdy to
make any sacrifice that might be required of it. Ou
the other hand. I fcund in the higher cl.v*c?of the
srniy. not entirely that rpirit of determination whlnb
is necessary to carry on this description of wurfara^anil
which, with (>od's ii*?istHnce. will stand us in stead
| but which ?MiM?nrc is r.erer given but to tW<- who
i earn it l>y tlnlr own efforts. We have. be for* *ul
' the world, openly ut?he*thed ouh sirords Surround# 1
I by fraud and tr>apon. *f conceded that, by the reprefentntiou
of the dangerous state of affairs around us. we
rheuld br.vo some ?tti iHiou paUl to ns; bit we huve
been answered by boitij railed traitjri. Whilst one
portion (f our nrn.y is fighting for djna->tic In'erest*
r.h.-tad, here the |rai;iTHtic ranctlou lit pp'Oiuuced a
pulrtice, find if ri't up againtt us From this n*a??
thi re -xt?<tf> in rur army a certuin wavering and b^nXWHtdiieM.
?hioh in certain circumstances may lead t)
uuplea>*iit results I miiotiin that if it had not
been f. r this wavering, and if the faithles run
Jeilncliirh had been properly und actively fol
li.Kni up, this war wou d h.i?e b-ea ended by nur
amy in a couple cf d*y.i. Tuoko uho held tha
ronunacd would not h?ve ftijed to Inquire vrh?t i?r
I this or that stream or river Leltha wan t > l>? eri>e?ad,
but ?i u.a only have r< quired to know where lh? enemy
?i:f On thi* account I went to the camp a-id
I would not go empty banded. The people on tin
Dorau surrounded pie by thousands. and showed the
gTifttfft spirit. But wa? It net possible with such ?<
t*i?tance to hhve remedied the evil? It was necessary,
I considered, that Vienra should be freed from the
entmy that was then belote it, rn I felt that if Viennt
fell, so would the enemy's forse be immediately turned
si a n.'tuj. I aleo Ibeught that if Vienna fell without
en < Ifort on <?;r part for her assistance, the p^ope
llxreiD w? uld be-et acainrt us. Those in command
said Ibnt the movement would have had bo g >od renilt.
that the higher officers had little stomach for the
dglit, and that our ariuy would most certainly hate
been overwhelmed. I have my doubts ou this point,
as ha\e otb?rs There is one? uamely, (ieorgle (Kljen).
?ho ban assured me that, with proper care, onr army
would not bave suffered much. We should. ther?fore,
have gone on. I maintain that only pmillanimius
nrn ot-uiu na\e entertained a doubt of our (imjeu.
None of there people'* account* Mate that there were
?i'V cannon shot* exchanged with tint artsy of KljeaKwf,
re wa* the case. whilst our haatily r*'*ed army
eiitooly ?tood fit# f>r eight day*. but *)no drove the
enemy back. It 1* hardly trui* that we were generally
In a elate of disorder-that we were everywhere
in fl'ftht? that we ?o.?roely offered any re*l?tatre
ai.d were retreating; for we were the party who
retained powendon of the ground, a* the utateraent
of (ieorg< i prove*. Never for a moment had we
lout a tingle gun. The Hungarian nation in ready
to pellorm their duty, but they demand, an* with
perfect right, that no a*n ulionlJ play thoughtlerely
with their arr*iy; and, therefore. I hav* ordered a
court of inquiry Itito the ctrnumntanaed af.teudlng
(bit* action Moga. who ?m actually and really ill before
t!*e battle, and who hn already required a pension,
f il from bl? e.-a Uuiing lite li^V. <iad his o >a
>RK E
ISDAY, DECEMBER 26,
mand I mu*t, therefwre. give to a patriotic and high"
mindtd man. and that man I* (ironed (Kljen ) I ray
thin od my word of honor. tbat be baft already nerved
you w*ll, a* a oommanil^r In the army. He Reeks no
ImpoFlng poeitlnn, and there ezlxtR between him and
tbesbperior officer*, the very best understanding He
U now oriaaiztnit the irmr. whieh la the more aa?T to
him. becauae that army Is an Hungarian one. We
have do more ocoa'ion to speak of thiH or that regiment.
whtre all are Honvads. I ooul<l have wished that
all of you could have seen our Hussars - nothing aan be
compared to tbem They do not ask how (troog the
enemy are ? but where they are. and instantly make
clear work with them The reports ray notulng of
theae things; but tbese facta must be known to every
b? Uy. Further, no body oan deny that we must conquer.
If not ou the Leltha, then cn the Ha*b; if not
there, at Komorn; and if not there, on the Theiss ?
With great bitterness. I must mention that the enenjj
hca not behaved fairlv to us Our Parliamentaire
Ivankahaa been detained prlaoner, regardless of the
10,tiCO prisoners of war whiob we have in our possession
and yet tbey reckon on our olamency. But this
la a great gain for ui, aa we ahall never again allow
tlie use of a Parliamtnlairt between ua Also three
members of the Hungarian repreaentativea who were
then in Vienna, aa well aa Stephen Vargay. secretary
to the foreign department, have been
imtriioned by Windisefcgratz. Thla la disgraceful
to the enemy. The country authorities
will everywhere do wkat i? aeoessary. In form-r
times families supplied recruits to the service with
a tr*w?now tbey have s?nt us more than we can
mimage. With Uod's aaaistance, we shall have in the
spring a couple of hundred thousand soldiers. It U,
i lieretcre. tbat I hope that the Home of Kepreaentatives
will proceed quietly with their work. If I may
aek u favor myaell Irom the council, it is, that I Day
obtain I' uw of abtence from the house, in order to recuver
my health On all accounts a combination of
tbe committees is now very nen. *sary. It U a fact
tbat our army attempted to free Vienna Tbe house
can condemn me, or approve of my measures. It Is
through tbefe measures that we have cleared our good
name in history. Some of hem pl"a?e me. tbe others
do not do so. That whish Is now carrying on is uo
war. but a murder, tbe consequences of which will be
attended with the moat eitraordinary diflloultiea We
muat enlighten the whole world on thla. If great mistakes
have taken Dlace. we alao know how to be irene.
lout, but not towards the men who havw occasioned
such unheard of mischief. In thin point of Tiew the
committee will endeavor to deal with these seduoers
from the path of freedom.
A Pun? letter columns the following respecting
General Bern:?
It is generally believed Central Bum has escaped
the rearch made for him by the ^*>*trlAP authorities.
if he be captured, he will be shot withonCjinviV
cy- t fate for which he is prepared hy the most extraordinary
Intrepidity. Perhaps the following faots,
which Illustrate his character, may not be unacceptable
to ycu General Bern Is the son of a German, but
was born in Poland. His reputation as an artilleiiit
Mands bijij it Ig) nowevcr. of hie unflinching ?6tn-?n?,
?<pd perhaps of his relentless disposition, that I am
about to speak. Some flve-and twenty years slnae, h?
had a quarrel with another (Polish) artillery offloer,
whom be challenged to fight with pistols. They met.
On the ground they tossed for the first shot, and Bern
lost. Mis adversary took aim, flred. and Bern fell. The
i filcer, believing him dead, prepared to quit the field,
but Bern, who had received the ball in the right hip,
turned ever on hlx left side raided hlmrelf on h s elbow,
and said, " Stop, comrade; it is my turn now;
take your place " The officer did so, and in a moment
fell, chot through the heart. Bern lingered long under
the wound. 1 he ball could not be extracted. During
twenty y?ars he nillared excruciating torments from
its pretecce, and at lat<t resolved on proceeding to London
to consult the faculty there. He was told that the
operation, to be successful. must be a very painful one.
He at once said that be would submit to it He was
accordingly thrown by ether into a state of stupor, and
the operation commeneed. The circular saw had indented
the bone round the bullet, when the Intense
agony Toured the patient The operator became
alarmed, but Bern reassured him. called for his pipe,
lighted it, and commenced smoking, while the operation
was returned. *nd was crowned with complete success.
The ball was extracted, and Bern perfectly recovered.
[From the Oxford (Kng ) Journal 1
Some of our readers may probably remember to
have seen walking about Oxford upon crutches,
about twelve months ago, a gentleman of middle
height, light complexion, and of foreign appearance.
This gentleman turns out to be no less a
personage than General Hem, who has recently
been taking so prominent a part in Vienna aa one
ol tne three insurgent generals. He is a native of Pol?nd,
hikI look up his residence in Oxfuid last winter,
<?t the douW* ]?/T(?ose of recruiting his strength,
u/trr httVing undergone an operation London,
and recruiting his nurse, by giving lectures upon
artificial memory. In the latter, however, he w.is
unsuccessful, lor his imperfect knowledge of the
English language rendered his efforts of no avail,
lie continued to reside in thiscity uutilthe French
revolution of February, but the events which succeeded
induced him to leave for the continent,
and ultimately to enlist in the cause which has so
signally resulted in hisdcfeat.
BAVARIA.
Adviccs from Munich, in the Aug;?l>urq Gazette,
announce the long-ex|iected modification of the
Bavarian ministry. The departments cf the interior
and of public worship are re-united, and assigned
to M. Von Lerchenfeldt, the late Minister of
Finance, who is succeeded in that office by M.
Von Weigaud. The department of trade and publie
works is temporarily annexed to tli it ol foreign
aflairs. The change is universally approved of.
GREECE.
The Athens papers of the 7th ult. bring us the
definitive list of the new Ministry. The following
are the members of it:?
Rrar-Admital < anaris | ?/*b',?0?n011
5 ana Minister or Marin*.
M. A Lendos Minister of the Interior.
M. Bulgaria Flnane^
(itnerai May romichalu ... .War.
M t;. Colon tronl Koreian Affairs.
M. Kbailis Justice.
M. Callifronas Public Worship.
The Chambers are convoked for the })t'i of November.
It is not considered at all certain th-it
the new ministry will sustain the trial, aud further
modifications will probubly be necessary.
rome.
The following in the new ministry forced upon
the Pope, in the late insurrection in ttie Holy
City:?
f oreign Affairs, Mamlani
Interior and Police, (ialtttlKinanres,
Lunali
Con-merce and Tubllc Works, Kterbini.
War, Campelio.
Public luMrurtion. Rofmini.
Orace and Justice, Sereni.
ItOIXAND.
The Stunt* Cmirnnt, of the 22(1 ult , gives the
following definitive list of the new ministry :?
Minister of the M iiine and Colonies. Vice Admiral
II Hjk
Miniftvr of Justice, M. D. Donker Curtius.
Minister of Kureign Affairs L. A. Lightenvelt.
Minister of the Inferior. J. M. de Kerapmaer.
Minister of War. Major General Voat.
Minister of Kioance. P. P. Van Boue.
Minister of the Reformed religion. Baron Van
Mtrsstra.
Minister of the Colonies. O. L. Bared, former Director
of Agriculture in th? Netherlands Went InJles
M L A I.ithrenvtlt Is churned nrf intrrim with th?
Affairs Ot the K' man Catholic Religion.
dknmark.
I TiikNkw Ministry.?Ourcommumcationa from
| Copenhagen, of the Hi h ult., contain the following
| h?t of the new ministry :?
(.cum A w munno, i rniurui oi foreign /\ua m.
Von Spot)tier k, Finance.
Meedvig. Heligion.
(ttntral flHueen, War.
Lang. luterlor.
Clauren pro tern, without portfolio.
\>n Zahrtman, Marin*.
| M. Uarclentieth Justice.
The list is not yet published officially, but is
f lven as highly probable.
PERSIA.
We have already announced the death. at Teheran,
of Mtliommril Sh^h. the sovereign of Persia, aud tb?
proclamation. on the 18th of September, at Tabriz, of
the heir apparent, holding th<-re the Kovernment of
Am ibidgan. as successor to hit father's throne, un
d< r the till** ot Nefser-ud- Dean-Shah.
The youthful monarch took his departure for T>>h
ran, e n tbe morning of the 18:h. accompanied by Vt
Abbott, the Uritish Consul at Tehran, and M. (inns
ultachtd to ti'? Russian mission thereat. under n
armed escort of no less man cavalry, 7 00
tuntry, and 24 pieces of artillery, whose serviue* w, ca
fecured by a loon of A'lo 000. rai.-ed chiefly tUrm^h th
influence of Mr Stevens, her Ilritannlo Majesty's
( onml at Tabrix in the brief spa;e of forty el*lit
hours. among the Greek and Armenian nierohants.
the people of which la'ter sect. bv speoial firman of ti?i
new sovereign, have bren placed under Mr Stevons'
lromrdlate consular protection, a compliment of no
importance, when It Is considered that they
number nearly hO 000 nouls
Accounts have been received of his Majt sty's timely
arrival nt Tehran, at a moment when H.idij Mlrxa
Apiarst tfce late King's Prime Minister, was busily ?ngsged
in forming a par.y to place a junior brother
upon the throne, to the detriment of the heir apparent.
who on bis accession very prudently appointed
to tbn preirien hip Mirxa Taki. late Persian commissioner
at the coi.fi rences of Krxeroom. reg irding the
frontier question between Persia and Turkey.
1 nil* UUUHlimi J (jmri. wrt-rpmuii vi n ill"w r iiTrr?ii(u
to tha throne of IVrnia, la, at a tiuin whin th" political
horizon of India In ?nt>xp?<cf<?dly al ud-d . amittrof
no unall moment to th* Hritlnh <'ro?n whow ln(1u?n-?
at tha court of I'ornia will, wo trust, br maintained.
Ob the part of the Sultan mea?nrn havn ??r? lau labl?
b#*n taken hv th* Suhliin* Port*, to prHrant any
hoMitft tnoTfntpiit. with k view of deputing th?
p|<>? hy Aly Nh?b. who If ItT'.n* at K<*rb?U m th? t
and peuiivQcr of tha SulUu. The U'.ost acaouat*
?.
[ERA
lO A O
JLCMO.
from Tabrlt. confidently anticipate that for th? pro- |
lent at lra?t. public tranquillity will be preserved
Malek Kanrlm Mlria uncle to the late. and grand
uncle to tbe prMfnt Kiiifr. ha< been appointed to the |
vacant goTernonbip of Azt-rliidgan.
SPAIN.
Narvnez has Iiphi heard to confess that, in 1S13,
he landed at Valencia with '?) francs; and now,
notwithstanding his reeklepn extraVrtgiince, he is
known to he worth ?200,000 in money, be*iden
possessing immense landtd property, in the shape
of church property, purchased from the S;ate.
Fifteen jears uuo, Sartornis, the Minister of
the Interior, whs a poor tndiita (sizer) in the University
of Salamanca, and in IHM), accepted with
gratitude the situation of u copyist in the ofhoe of
a newspaperentitled the CorrtoNtmnnal.for wliich
drudgery hereceived two francs a day. Ills equipages
and general style of living now are worthy of
a prince, and it is notorious that he throws away
thousands upon his numerous mi?trease?, which,
however, does not prevent him from investing
large sums from time to time in foreign stock.
In 18-12, Mou, Minister of Finance, was not worth
jCIOO a year, nnd was celebrated amongst hiH acquaintances
for Ins " shocking bad hat." lie is
now possessed of a fortune estimated at XIOO.IHM),
a-d hss recently presented his illegitimate children
with estates worth ?10,000.
FRANCE.
[From the London Atlas.]
M. de Giratdin, of the Prase, seems to have
taken for his motto, ever since his entrance into
life, "Jji bourse ou la vie Mis pistol.has been
at everybody's head for the last fifteen "years. It
is to this bandit spirit of attack that he owes his
fortune, his position, the very name he bears. He
was brought up in mysterious obscurity, ignorant
of his parentage, under a vulgar and trivia' name ;
knowing no other lriend than the tiotatr1 who paid
ihe expense of the school where he had been
placed, and to whom he was conducted once a
year to give proof that he was mill alive, and the
[tension to be continued. At the age of sixteen,
his studies were completed, and he passed hta examination
with great Mat, and he was then sent
for by the notnire, who told hint that those who
look iniercU in his welfare had resolved tSat he
should follow the study of the law, and had made
every arrangement tor him to that eflect. "And
who are they who take this interest in me 1" exclaimed
young Lecomte (for this is the name by
Wjuvh he was then known); "tell me this moment
who I am, and what is mv father's name 1"
" 1 know not, in truth," returned the notairt, in a
sneering tone. " Here is that will refresh your
memory," returned the young man, drawing from
his pocket a loaded pistol, which he pointed to the
head of the startled notnire, who, after a few moments'
parley, was only too "lad to give up the
name0' Count Alexandre de Girardin as the person
by whom the rnoflfy had had bcfjji ?aid into
his hands for the education and nourisfimPiit of
young Lecomte. It is said that on that very day,
and by the very same means, did Emile de Girardin
obtain acknowledgement of his claims by
the General, who, evidently pleased by this indication
of spirit on the part of Ins son, allowed
him to bear his name and to share his fortune.
From that hour has the life of Emile de Girardiu
been a scene of strife and warfare with his enemies,
his rivals, nay, his very friends, and all the
world besides; while the Presse has been made
the battering ram to destroy the reputations of
men of talent and the lives of men of honor. It is
believed that a duel between this man and General
Cavaignac iB inevitable. ,
The Result of the Amcilran Presidential
Election In an Gn|(IUh Point of View.
r Ik. I n..,lr.n l<lirnn^!< Mm V'H 1
The ungular want of polltloal significance wkioh we
hareremarked an characterizing the Presidential content
in the United States, has coutinued to its clone ?
In looking through the speenhes, and articles, and
handbills which have appeared daring the election,
what perhaps strikes an Englishman most is their personality
In this country, we aro accustomed t<> make
the political opinions of eacdidates the test of their
claims en our support-on the eve of an eleotinn. the
pteei teems with discussions on whatever wav be the
questions of the day m<"?t interesting to the locality
which it is sought to influence, in America, on tba
contrary, " men. not measures," Is the doctrim which
practically prevail* ; partly, perhaps, because the peculiar
circumstance! of that country render party
politics less vitally important, and party dintinncions
leis broad, than iu the UDited Kingdom; but still
more, because the ''mww," to whom candidates appeal.
are more easily attracted by piirsonal qualities mote
Inclined to hero worship?than the soberer and
more r? fl> cting classes whose Influence dominates here.
Whatever be the cause, the effect is undoubted; the
only candidate who went to the poll pledged to a principle?Mr.
Van Buren?does not seem to bare succeeded
in reourlng the ''ticket" of a single State; while
Taylor and Cass, between whom tbe real struggle lay,
have both deliberately abstained from committing
themselves to any specific measures-almost, indeed,
to any line of policy. It ie curious, to->, to observe
how much strers is laid upen comparison between
tbe military achievements of tbe candidates, and
how instinctively the martial propensities of the
people are reoognired and appealed to. It is very olear
that, notwithstanding his known preference of a t>aoiI:?
policy fir his country, the hero of Rueua Vista |
owes bis triumphant success mainly to tbe laurels that ,
be won in Mexico. We have before us a record of bin
' raying* and doing*," which baa been oiroulited as an
eleotion handbill by hi* friend*, and whiah bas reference,
almoht exclusively to his campaign*. Indeed.
rne of hi* saying* ?" my wounded are behind me, .
and I never will pans them alive," 1* prefixed. apparently
a* a permanent motto, to the journal whiea is
the chief organ of bin mpporters at New York.
The fact* to whioh we have been alladin; are easeatial
to be borne in mind, ir we wiih to appreoiate correctly
the eflVct of the late election. It by no mean*
follow*, becaure General Taylor La* been chosen by an .
Immenre majority of the Union, aud because the whig ,
party generally have adopted hiui a* their champion,
that, therefore. *11 or any of those dootrine* with which
the whig party i* peculiarly identified, will meet with
fqnal *ucc<**. The prssent victory i* one essentially
of Taylor over Ca*?-not of whig* over democrat*.?
But there are nevertheless, certain leading idta* of
policy which hive been put forward, with sufllolont
prominence, by tb? victortou* patty, and which *n In
acme degrte sanctioned by their triumph, it is worth
while to consider.
Ofthese. by far the nnat prominent and the mr>*t
important Is that ofpesce against war, of industrial
progress siialnft extension of territory. The favorite
motto of the Taylor party Is, < We stand on our own
toilaid wr are glad to think tbat that question, at
least. Is settled f^r some time to come, not by the victory
of (Jeneral Taylor, but by the expression of feeling
snd opinion which the contest has elicited. The
wonder, indeed. Is. how it could become a question at
all. Niver was ruch afield of peaceful contest opined
by nature to any peeple, and never, to do th'-m justice,
did any people make a more v'gnrous use of its advantages.
Sea aud land conspire to Invite and reward
the labors of the American*. Their commerce Is
extending itself f v? r (he old world, their colonization
overthe new. While they ?re preparing to bridge the
Pac'flc with steam. nnd to compete wltn BriU-ti cipi
talists In the markets of the Ka?t, their pione rs are
crowding togilher a goldi-n harvest In the streams of
( alifornii and the mountains of Vexioo, and Congress
if roDHdfrlcg proposals to construct a railroad from
ti e Misuari to the Columbia With such a lie!,A before
tbem?with hardly a rival, or even a formidable
niishbor. arid with ev?-ry pro.'p-ct of b1 c milng, by the
mers'orce of circum-tscc the most po#H?fui. a* welt '
a* the tnost prosperous nation in the world - that A >.i- ;
ricats rhcnld think of making war. for war s sake. U
i UP Blttfti pi u 4mar pruoi i* it rtrniy ui u?m ;rtvic i i * >m it)
; for the op mo K?o|(r?phiCAl an 1 polUlqal aondltlou*
wVrh contribute to tin* traw'.h of th?ir g-eatneM, j
would inako an a^prphsivn policy, on their (>a*t,
not only inefficient, but *uicidal. A popgUtloo, at
crci' dlM'PTM-il and d>-moeratio, 1" ncc.marly av>:*e
both to taratlrin and di'rlpliH*. It ra<y . tb rpf>r?, hi
brave ami warlike, but it will ne.i-r b> t :rtnid?b:e
tor pnrpoffh of <fT-ne?. Willi th<t fecoa 1 o>. iijier.iltl
position In the world. the nvy of the I nited Stat>;?
coimi?t* only ot ibship*. of all cU'*** and ?an| c^tiMructiou
of whirh only ?! ?rn ar? /teaoierc while h??r
enormou* extent of frontier I* rfe'^nd-d by a regular
army cf aboot 8 (ju0 men. It Is obrlon* th>t witbauih !
military rueurce* and a virtu il iue4pt0.it/ f jc rocrultir?
them in time for efllotent se'.ivn, war. with any
powerful nuritiir.e nation, would not only b- fatal to
the prosperity of the American I ai >n. but wju.u lead.
proVably to lt> entire cM?i?oluMon It I* matter, tli^re.
lute, of ?oHl faDft*Jtion to all who are int?r*?ted lite
ourrelvi n, in the proiperl'y cf Am?rin, to think that
the lerfi n t*upht. at tfce price i.f 00t>,<!l)n Hier'inn
by the Mtxionn war. hat not !)<- a thrown a.va/ upon
her. end tbnt che in not about to pley the part of a lireb
and unorg the nations of the earth.
With r? gtrd to tbe slavery quniti >o, (i 'n-ral Tayl t,
thoi.ph a slaveholder and ron? rva'lie of ex'ntlo^
tcititiitionr." i?, with the whlfl party tjenerallv. ad?er?e
to their exten.-icn into new roil; and It wn u?? d a' an
argument In hi* favor, with the norther a ftbjlltign?.
that hi* influence In the South w uId probably iniuie
tlie euccep* oi tneir ie?i.'tanoe lu inatextnnM.iu t.-p*
ciellj I* be pledged to i (T?r no oppo'itio* t? the **>>eetrd
dec) <ion of < on^rese against the intr" I jotlon of
Mate* into New Mexico and California. It in c-iriom,
indeed, that tue wbl* partj art* atrootf adrooat * f >r
what we fbou'd call the ' oo>>rtttuMonal"d >o?rln writ a
r?fpect to tbe reto. not only on il l* p"lri'. but r*aurally,
Nri<1 that a well-grounded apprehension l??c Hr.
I'M fbould exercise It (a* Jac If'1" arid I'olfc h*f* d?n?)
in deferen-e to the opinion- of the 1 if democrat/ ae J
In oppo ition to the exufin* le^ii?,a'.ura, h*< ooutribntfd
largely toward* hn failare
Of the much-talked of inoreaae in the tariff, we con
Um (hat we have ?ery little fear. On thl?, a-i on ino.tt
ether queotloD* jbu democratic mind U in a ?<tat? of
perpetual fluctuation. In 1833 a free-trade ejr*t?u
waa agreed upon, ia 1M3 one of prnteotion; in IH10,
th? re wax a unauiinour revaleion iu f*?or of fr e tnde;
and n?w we ai* told tb?t the tide ii ii.;a'ti turning towerdf
prct'C! 'n. It l? not lik?l? that, elth ?inll ?x
pfrtaBf*. * wruiH t h .u . ? ... ... ? .
id brunch** v? tuJutfj wii<?U i p :0<l VA ?? | ,
L D.
TWO CENTS.
brrath lor a factitious *l?t?nc?t; and It it prahaWa,
therefore. that an loervaHiog population will aoon
again exert. il??ir dormant and ica't?r?d trfu<th and
inniit on the downfall of elaM-lngidation at one* and
for ?T?r.
[Krom thtt London Time*.J
j lie election ? T in* American l'r*<tdenoy 1* by thi?
time decided. and in week or ten day* ? *h?ll know
lh? result Of couree wearelnter**ted In It If there
Ik do longer a worthies* bit cf territory to wr*ngl?
about, tbe United State* are itill mar neighbor* la
more re me* than one; and It n a great object to oa
tbat they Fhou'd be liberally and peacefully governed.
A lit w vreaiil?r,cy opens a new abapter of acoidente,
and help* forward thin or that topic of political agitation.
Ah It happen* however, the Britiab public have
luer. enurorred with Kuropnan politic*. and know little
mere cf Taylor and < ??n th*n their name* Kven !
the State* ihe interest i* rather forced and Aetltloaa.
Tbe two General* and their supporter* are alike in
novel and temporary position* Taylor profane* peaaa
and pratiction Cwi is a " rotated with w?r anil fraa
trade. N( w. undoubtedly, war 1* a wora? tbinj than m
prohibitive tariff, but the threat ef the one may (till ba
a le** c'argercux matter tban the threat of the other ;
ju*t an ' I'll cut your h.-?d off," addreaied to a child,
will probably give it ler* real uneamneu than I khail
not give you aty more pudding " It may bt aaalar
for Taylor to c'o a little for hi* manufacturing ?upyeitern
than for Ca?* to gWe hl? Irleh allle* an opportunity
c f cultirg British throat*. Of the two, however,
on giunrai pilnciplea we feel bound to prefer the
one who oilers himself in the name of peao*. We ara
alao alive to n certain danger In thl* instance. not Immediately
effecting Britii h Interest* War i* ? t?Sdenoy
or republics. 'I h? t:oo?ul or the ('resident ha*
a short time helcre him. and In naturally anxiou* to
mark bin reign with tome eadurtr g mem rial. iViaa
and California immortalize Mr. i'oU. and it lit p'teaible
fcir. (Jane might eontrlve to uaociate hii mine with tha
annexation of Cuba.
What Wellington I* in tbl*oonatry and t/tvaigna*
in France, General Taylor ia at thl* moment in tha
United State*. Wa mght extend (he llat; for there
m ><'>rc? ? (iijBrMfni in me oivt ic-a world at thia
moment that In not under thepaoiflo influence of eome
military chief Some man who ha< experienced the
ilia And reaped the prtica of war, labora with all hla
lulght to avert the former from hla country aad praHtvi
tha latter for himself. The soldier In poaaeairion ft
isgetieriklly oonsi-rvative. The present state of affair*
ia a garrison which he la bound to defend, and any introduotion
of Hew eleinenta, or other considerable
change, ia an Invasion which ha ia bound to repel.
The men we hare alluded to, however, aliow hitfiiec
feelings than the merely defeuslva. They know tha
liorrora ol war, and the years which add to their enjoy
nieut of peace only quioXen the remembrance of the
mnerable work in which they pavt.il the froahnaai of
their youth or the flower of their age. Where tha
young aee nothing but a game, the old aee a grave.
Exactly the third of a century, the period familiarly
assigned to a getieiatlon of men, has pasaed slnoe tha
clnae of the last international war There have baas
civil wara disputed succesalona, succeaiful rebelilona.
armtd intervi nllons, but not that fell confliot of
nation with nation, much lean that universal milkt
which charactarized an almost equal period of preceding
hiatory. The result ia too plain. A generation
haa risen np which knows nothing of war exoept
in bcoka. or table talk, or In tha oatentatioua fortraaa
or the brilliant paiade. Histories, poems monument*,
tltlea. Veterana wearing medals and field-ta&rahala
holding levee?. with occasional feats of tro< ag*ln*t
distant barbarian*, ahow only the fair aide of war.
'l'hia la what Impreaaea the new generation, tlenaa
the fatal raibneaa with whloh It appeala to so laaue
from which veterana recoil
The tendency to war la all tha atronger, when from
the excessive jealouay of a military oaata, tha whole
population ia made warlike When every eitisen ia a
>oldier, and scarce a peaaant escape* the ordeal of a
uniform, you then Implant unlveraal faeuUlaa aad
taste, which in many minde will atruggte for foltlment.
In thia respect England present* a striking
contrast to nearly all the world besidej. We have a
tanding army which, notwitbatanding the vaat number
and difficulty of the positions it occuplea over tha
whole world, yet amounts to a very amall proportion
of the people. With the vast peninsula of Hindustan,
with Canada and Australia, the Cape, the Weat Indiea,
the fortifications of Gibraltar, Malta and Aden to garrison,?
with Ireland to tranquilize aud retain, we oannot
rf ckon up more men than ara now stationed la
Paris and ita vicinity And that ia all our army. Wa
have no National Guard, no militia, and soaroely a pretence
of yeomanry Hence our people ara unused tn
war. and the profeaf ion of a common soldier ia*acarcely
accounted honorable It la not so on the Continent,
or in the United Statea. There tha larger moiety of
the people are tra'ni.d to arms, and therefore prone to
war.
Kin General Taylor's address to some returned volunteers
from'be Si?>toan war. quoted yesterday under
tbi brail of American intelligence, we Dave the milltry
ardor of the raw civilian and the veterau'a reaet
onary longing for peace incidentally but forcibly
contracted We fear it mntt be said that wartaapaaalr.m
(n (hu llnihwl m anH f Si?f m huru ui> a
t< nee ran la found, there will bit nnltek of will Of
cr>urr? thin rpirit has a fair side ?ud afoul one.and the
fi rn.tr is very naturally that which the (ienial leleot*
for hin prain l.
"llus war ha? aerved to manifest the exitteneeof a deennneoaqticrai
Ic heri i."tn in all alare? of our peuple. It lru not lx-?n by
mi) meant confined t? Uie il?tai<r lex, fur nowhere haa it ahoue
l-xifcl.ler than in U.e conduct and a ntiinen:! of the aufte,-tea of
onrrount'y, an many of * hum have honored ns with thair pr??<
i <? on Una ccca?iou Dining in? public aorvlce, 1 hi?? tamme
familiar with dredi whieli r.lm-e tl>? women of nur cimtryoi a
levi I with tha Spaitan and K man mother* of whoae herniam hi?tory
rcci ida ao many i .u reeling axamp na. I liava known uioUiera
to arid their only aooa to the war*. wiling them to return with
lienor cr I ot al all. I have known eistrta tn purl with only brothers
with wi rda foil of pride and lio|ie of their return with bright
lanrela I I aw known wire* to-t^-r thomaalvea from tbo anna ot
devoted kuahuiida, and to firaetall '.hair own 'area and afTulinna,
in a prneral anil patrio ie pride and devoUm to their country's
anil tt.eir t-uaUiiu'.iiocor."
AU very good bu; when one consil-rs the ambi^uoua
character of the fjtiarrel. who can fall to fee In thi?
heroism a pofitive passion tor #.r ais ' It 1* the r tw fentimtnt
nnd the beginning of the (juarrel we nee here
dtferibed The general, himself nowever. add/i, from
hid own experience, the actual attpiul and the moral
lesron; and if we may truac the apparent tames;neaa
cf bia language. we now poaaese tha key of hH presidential
policy, if he h s buan elected.
" Dot I oaanot avoid the oppnrtuity, whilst referring to tha
achieven rnta of our aril ti, ofeipreaa ng my deep lonviotion of the
nd'nnoTLfttl proof. Thrcu^hent my ttrrfot, I aaeur* you the
proudeat in' rutM.it of * ti t >ry bare ht?n darkened aud rendered
torrowlnl by ti e reflection of th* p-iinful ooovffMM whlah 't
ppduct*; of tie wive* nude widows, of parent* made ov"<lia*a>.
i f frUm'ibereft of thoic bound to them by the deareat tie*; for
the awfnl remit* of wtrnr* not confincil to (he bloody vhoei of
tlie battle-field: l ilt di?ea*e?*!ow, oon*umit.n diaearo?mora than
ryot the ibi tiuBient* <1 war.* utter* death a??<>ni those engaged
ir the trjinRlatiiiae* ai d expoauri* of mli'Ary diitv. Of th iae
who htv* dirrt in *ctiv* itririceln Mexico, the proper:Inn of thot?
< ut dt/wii by difeat e to tin ie who loll on the battle lie'd inbuilt Hv*
to i nr. Ti t tl:C?e ni?.i >, a: a ronsiaut wttr tti of all tlieaieruand
I anfiil rea liitu of war. I *>Mire ymi that th- r?i? no onawboraJoicaa
ci' re in the eoBcluriaa <f ibe w?r with Mexivo, now happily
ti rminaUd. than I to 11 was not from any api rabenain.i <>f
the dnefer*, < r any dr> ad of the fativitea and inff-miR* to whioii
I might te ex poied lh?tl*o warmly daiirodths concision of
tbi* w?i! I ut it w?? became 1 Itoked upon w.ir as a great evil?as
a Inn r> ion- ?I Uh, xl.enitcau be lionur*blj concluded, itia
tl e lint ?n'y of a r*' i r, i facially a rupnbli:, to terminate."
Pope Pu C?A tutus Governor of Louisiana.?
Our reiidtrc will remember, a?ya the New Orleans
Jjilln ol the 17?h in?t., that the Legislature, at its
Be Mie n last spring, nanaed a series of resolutions,
offered by Mr. I. VVightnian Smith, of this city,
expruMve nt the ln|?- and confidence of our people
in I he wisdom and patriotism of Pope Pma IX.
These resolutions were transcribed on pir. hmcnt,
nrd entrusted by our Governor to J. M. Wray,
Esq., ol this city, who delivered them in person at
Home, where he was very hnudsomely roceived
by the (authorities of t ie Holy Pontificate. Tn?
following reply ct his Iloline.-s was ulso brought
ever by Mr. Wray The original 13 111 Italian,
from which we tianHhte:?
[Despatch No 8 585 1
litimiiLK S11 In tulloieat of the n itioe ooned
by vctir esteemed coniniii' iiiri: n of tb? 20th of
May Itt.'t pa?t. the Hi^h roitlll I' Piai I V ray an* 1*',
a vettiicn, h*" Ijk d put id po-ra-xifo of the (evolutions
adopted bjljtbei Oencal \*'?mbly ot y iur Stat#. Juria;
the preceding n onth of Ma?eh. r.n 1 teftifyinsj to the
af!? l donate rrvaril< of tfcs psoplw nf Louhuan in hit bnbulf
'1 hie act it h ? flVflug la ) to ai? to mention,
l.?8 ji-.ved ?t gr?t*f'^l to tne hily father. ?ha hu
learned, with deep aati'fsotion. the favorably impre*ri?n
tl.at t>ia paternal cars au<l aolieitujn have pro
i ueitt in your land wiieu. upon tin ?ice**,ou to tb*
i > ntiflral See. indnpt-n Jently of the rnoo?ut<>m
cl?in>? f the ROTemwiHij'. ot th?i l?ni?er*al < 'nurjti at
I,in I an'if, he made it hmt'tuJy to eomult th* l> Mt W.-1faie
tf hi? subject*
Ilia Holmes*. moreover. coulj not but b? d>*p'.y
nifiv. d nt tbe manner in whlnii tbe tJenwral Awe-obiy
tbfUftlK* have ?fxpre**ed ttieir lir?ly iut-re?t an 1
beatty participation in the nrnr relation* tbat hav?
recently bian opened betaken tflx Holy See ami th*
(.OTer t>ir eut of tbe (Jnlt?d 3t?t??. I'll" ait w?i one
of still nrea>;?T gratification to hi* that,
tbrouKb 11. wa? oon veje I ai ?'IJ;lin?l ??s tr .t n ij th it
tl-e l ntloia reli?i0J. in Li J Diana, will noon pro?plieg
in that *ol?r?ed freedom nhieb it i?, by divine
trdit-atiC)*, entitled to e?jiiy.
Ntw the Holy Father. d.'.?lr.itm that all thea* nonflniriita
rbrultl ba ? xpre?#ed thr.-a.jh me, has oh ir/>?d :na
to comply with I he grateful duty of tran'mlttin< to
you the present despatch. I wojld, th*-ref < ?, b*# of
yf ii to convey to all the member* of the S>n%te and
the House of livprcpi'ntatm a of your State, the ohoioe
Dentin >nt* of the Holy Kath r not una^o^mpmied by
a pit Oer of the gratitudw whinh he bai ex?erien?*d
from the kindly demonstration* whloh tb?y on harmonicuidy
rejoivrd in hi* recurd N??r c*n I dl*p?nr?
wiih coovejing to yon, in hia name, word* of peiuiiar -?
ac i\ u< * it uguii; ui. ooii ior in ' oinriru pari, wm?a you
bar* taheu in the d?mon*trc'i.>u lUeif, and for the
good >xpre??rd in ymr rtcm'auni a'.ton
Having tbu* complied with the mandate of niv .Sotleipe,
be pltatrd. honored cir. to anient the tasuruac*
of my moat dl*tingui?htd consideration.
Vour Bout d'votfl xervant,
O. CARDINAL SOGLU.
Hon. Isaac Joii^o*,
(ioreiiior of Louisiana, N-w Orlean*.
Homk, October 0, 184(1.
m
The Lffji.-lature ot Camda has been summoned
to ?fKPinblf at Montreal <>n the 1 "in wl" Jimmy.
A fforiny *?-syioii is t.Tppcfd.
'!>< r? rHitf ?h < m-p >i I i"-i'irr 1
kit tu>kiMiKU |>(VV?:e IW be CUuitlj Uuivuituvu.
0 Sjffl;]