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ORIGIN AX. AATICLBI. TThr Art of ri>o?<>- ' npliy-H? Woii:lfrftil **i <? itci i>| - . >ucl a degree of itnpor mnoo oi -l prrfcvtio!' i> t? * country, and ?specially | in this lily, that ptxr. ? I tjrh among t bote art* 1 that ce:ul>ine iln n- il wth the beautiful; uuU it in row I'S* :ib]trl i I a ; i . u.ar.ent basilic?*. in which n u?r_T lajge m. in of ti ? i y if invested and a wry !aig? iiuiiiber t f i>> ' i 'employed. The number of cstabli.-hu rts in tlu> city is about one liuudred, and t h<? average nui . . r ?.f pictures taken amount* to about oue Hour, .i ?K?'ly. The amount of capi tal bi! arked in 'be various departments of Iht art, thjoiighout I be I . '<(1 i* estiinntcd at four ntiUioi.s of dollars 1 lie number of pors<m? em* pleyed in manufnet m it ?: i; it-rial forth;- pictures, and in other way * oir \r it h thebi!?iu( f . in this conutry , is about 2 o 'lh:<may appo;?r incredi ble to those urn ? j: i ..i ? i,h the progress and ox t'-nt of the art: !- i; ? r information is from tho most autheutk ouri. uud may be relied ?>ii as ac UUIOLO. To trace the j. "<v- ? of tLi: trt from it? first dawn to it* pre.v-nt. lii^h |>OMtion is both curious j and instructive. 'I: > ? s produced by photo graphy are goner.. !l\ >? v ? 1 d. guorfeotypes, from tlio Frenchman, Da _? . ? . vh i - !>uppo.sed by many \ to bo I Im inventor <>f ?;> ? n t, bti* who onlv reduced its principles ? which wi.rc <li- overcd before ? to such s state of pvaeti i! J or n ;t.s ply cd tin- art upon ft permanent and t; .'.1 basis. Others had known the ? jei, e a> ? > of the ur . :.ud soino hud u :ulo prae' >e;J j >? '. . y in c -|>\ injX land scapes and portri; i ? 1\. n< ii n ot iig'jt: inr t >.?. gucire was (be His" stent m i^ror of the art. and po far oxcol'ed nil o:;.' Hi..: ,!>. art itself v.-a> : ailed by hi. s name It i .>?-? -"'V 1 photograph y ? which means ergtuvim * j ( by K . i??. : and iho term jhoto^r is ? cna'vil' !-?.in of light ? hi - b.'on also applied ?o the art; -i' U I'..,- m . r> him elf culled it beliogrnpby ? the i r <t mulsh 'g driwin ;> by the sun. A:) tl.c.-e I 'll ., iii cApres.sivo of the same ideu--L(;L: J In :i t e.u :!i:uos the science of light and chemistry, ami i 'wo gre;.t principles were di*- i eofcrttl ? wo or tlir< - I ';!.d:vd Years ugo. Or.c of these J i u i- discovered two centu ries ego by 1'urla, u I\ capqlitan. who found that if light ?were admitted through a small eiroular aperture into a d. i t. mum, nil the objects outside, from which raj :? v> re n Set- ted through t hid aper- ? lure. would be pub iei.1 on the opposite wall, just an j all tbo objects rctleeiii ray? of ligkt to the eye arc I painted on the retina. '..ie found that by tho appli- ' cation of a lens to the a|;cituro? increasing, con- ! trali zing, aid condensing the light ? the images | became wonderfully disurot. Porta applied this discovery to draw ng, in order that persons unac quainted with thfli ni t might trace the object ml (tainted upon a white card pl.iced within the focus <Jf the glass in a dark eh nub. r. Hero is the first idea of tho instrument of lMguerro. This is the rude camera chfrura, which h us since boeome 30 powerful by improvements in 1 !:* manufacture of lenses. The great desideratum was to secure tho iTiagc thus iin prpFfi d, and make it induiild.', for it was a; eva nescent as an iumgi in a mirror, only remaining as long as tho object, was before it Xiepce and Onguerro sueei eded in fixing it by thu application of another principle. discovered more than thrco hundred years ago i'irit principle is that the rays of the sun, under given 1:0;; litious, will leave abla< k mark up-ou certain sub.-tane ?). The origin of til's discovery ia curious, and bears a niLHrLdblo analogy to the discovery of Chris topher Columbus I'll enthusiast of (Jonoa set out wi'h tho idea that he could reach the East l:idi-s by the west, an 1 Ii I'u.md, not tue Bast Indies, but what twis far better ? America. The alchemists, in the niioiile ng. s, 1. their fruitless search for tin* elixir r 'cr, and tbo transmuting stoue. iai-J the foundation of the valu ible ."cience of chemistry. WOTK 01 ' iu -T i I this substance i-; noticed lr hn 1 the color and V1MUOJ.UI ^uvjr Ui li'i.ll, HUl iue lUSlOlllt y ik l't S^rt n?b> of will if ( \j osod to the light, it 'hinged to TioJet, a id by the ci-ntinuod ni-tfon of light it (>; oft 1110 nearly black. litis lunar o.tuilie, or, .n it la now tailed, sal:* ul silver. ' hi >rido oi t . .?r. u, nilrate of silver Co^ar a ?h t of jufior -vith ? ooatirg of this su'vauce. anrl throw, by means oi a Ion?, tbo form ot some object upon the pap!?r, and the parts oorered by tuc figure will change to a dark coior, while t ln? nst of the p.iper will remain white, l'lace an engraving, done upon somi-trA'n parent paper, ujou the paper coated with chloride >t ailrer. and exp<.??e hoih the sun's rays, with the engraving uppermo.i, and that part of the prepared p?p? r covcrtd by the outline of the cngra* i-g will remain white, in conscqucnce of the interception ot the rava, while all the rest, being accessible to the light, will be turned black. This is called the tie gatire proof, because the impression on it will b? white: but by placing this proof over the ?ctniMvc |Miper. and again subjecting both to tin; net but of light, a positivo proof is podueed, the obje.-t being now dark, and the re.'l of the paper wkita. ine aicuemiss were too busy in (lie pursuit of the philosopher's 6tone, and other visionary objects, to turn t his important discovery to practical ac count, ikL'i it was reserved for modern seiencc to bring it to tho perfection of one of tiie finest a'ij moot exquisite of arts A Frenchman many years ago succeeded in obtaining black profile portrait?; but his socret die] ?-itli hita. Wedgwood, an Eng lishman, the celebrated improver of the manufac ture of porcelain, was the next to challenge public attention in connection with this art. lie whs desirous of obtaining, on paper coated with ni- j trate of silver, representations of church windows, 1 and of engravings, for bis pottery; but he failed, tho image* being too taint. His paper appeared in the journal of the Royal Institution, in 1*02. Sir If Davy also made experiments, but did not appear to be more succcssful. Neither could prevent the bor , deis of their drawing? from becoming black, n<>r eon Id their picture- be examined in broad daylight, for as soon as ex|io.-ed to the sun's rays, tho whole of tho paper began to assume one uniform dark j tinge. After the.-e imperfect results, nothing w?<i j attempted, or at all events attained, until N'iopce and Daguerre, by their researches and labors, re- | moved every obstacle, and established the art upon | a lasting foundation, leaving the superstructure to J bo improved, beautified, and adorned, by future , artists. Nie|ice was a retired xoan of business, who do voted bin leisure to icientific pursuits; arid bis first experiment* in photography, or ranking permanent mark)- by meant ol light, wire made in 1*M. The <<u-Iieat works of Daguerre wore not effected till l*2<>. Niejce knew at that time how to eopy en gravings. t< make shades correspond to shades and lights to lights, and be discovered what baffled Wedgwood anil Davy ? a mode of making his copies insensible to the blaekoaing rays of the sun. But he could only make copies. He oould not create original pictures from nature. He could not trans fer the images of naturul objects. He failed to ren der the dark marks produced by light sufficiently Mrong Niepoe found, by accident, that Daguerre wit? pursuing the same inquiries as himself, and he formed a connection with him in 1K26. Daguerre, who was a painter of distinction, by a number of most minute and patient re MtrthM succeeded in ]>erfecting and completing the discoveries of Niepce, and adding others of bin own. By means of iodine, the vapor of mercury, and other ehcmicals used in sue. etaeion, he fixed the image permanently on the silver plate, or, what proved to be better for his purpose, copjter plated with silver I'aguerrc submitted bit proccM to tho F rench Chamber, and in the mean time his partner, Niepce, died. But the son of soeercded to bis father's rights, and the i iei?'b'Cnarabei gniutvd to il. D*guori? ? , f.t life of ?,000 franca a vcar.and to M. Ni<-pie, iun , 4,000 francs a year. The ponslon w a* afterward* increased to 10, tW) frnnes to Haguerro. This w:>i tho iiurchasc mouey of the invention, and the Frsneh government pave it freely to the world on the l'Jth of August, IS'*). The art is described in article 1 of the agreement, a? "the process oi' 11 Niepee, pen . with the improvements of M Daguerrc, ami I the latter process of M Pugnerre, for Hxing the ima ge- of the<drtif/a e/wwra." How far tke improve ment* of Da guerre iu>gii? L i?e gone on can never be known, lie ail hi.- plan* uad apparatus were ili^trojed by at accidental lire. He is now dead. Before the plan of Daguerro w.ns published, Tall 01, in England, liu I published a plan of taking pictures on paper? not aiutal? by means of light This i- eviMi now preferred by sumo artists to the proc? sb of Dagtieru*, :u. i they ceirtend that it ?v i 1 1 yet supersede it. It is every duy coming more and iv.orc into u.-". It i.- called Talbotypo, or calotypo. In America, also, Mr. Wattles, before th<> publi";a tiou of either plan, displayed vory ingenious efforts, and . >mc zealous American arti ts claim for him priority of invention both over th" English and French However that rnav ho, one thing is oortain, ilmt the art made rapid progress in this country, and ha? now attained a dcgico of perfection hero unequalled either in Franco or England. IVofossor Worse and Mr. Draper, of New York, wero i!io first to take living portraits with success by Daguerre's uuinou. M r. ii B. Brady, of this eity, deserve- espsoial mention, for hewn# among I ho first who succc^fully piactised Iho art in this c< u ltry. amidst iu ' n' tonishment and ii. credulity, grow with its growth and strengthened with its strength. Improvements were continually introduced. and th:- ru lo pictutes became ?t length highly fini hod work-1 of art, sueh w Da gueric never dreamed of Among ih itnpro vein outs is the j?rocess of gilding or enamelling, by which a transparent coating of the solution of chloride of golii i? laid on the picture after it is completed, giving it durability, a d preserving its beaut/ un impaired by the elements. Mr. lirady always led the van in the march of Daguerreotype improvement in this country. In i il 1, he received a premium at tho Annual Fair of tho American Institute. In JM5 and 1810 he also obtained prizes. In 1310, be received the first gold amdul ever awarded by the Institute to Daguerrtotypes in the United States. In the game year, ho brought out his large picture of General Taylor ami his Cabinet, which did the artist great liouor. lie ha* also taken an admirable tableau of President Polk and his Cabinet, and portraits of i'rcsidcat Fillmore and his Cabinet. The branch of his establishment at Washington gave Lim the facility of gotting tho portraits of nearly all the distinguished men in the mtion, a'jd bis collection by far exceeds that of any other arUst in the country. lie hits the portraits of several ^ great man, now dead, and which cannot be taken except by copy from his originals. Mr. Brady was among tho first to introduce the skylight in taking Dagaerrc&n portraits, nil be ha* luca eminently successful iu tlu> novel etyleof likeni vsas lis has lately introduced ou ivory, which are painted so exquisitely, that while they possess all the geo metrical precision of the art of Dagucrro, they exhibit at tho sauio time tho beauty and tone of highly finished miniature paintings. At tho World's Fair, in London, Mr. Brady boro away the pri7e for the best Daguerreotypes, which .p:aks highly for this depart inent of American art. And let any one call at Mr Br idy's g illery a 1 1 - - ; tho collection that obtained this distinction, and In will not be surprised. Some of them exhibit a'.l t'ao softness of an oil painting or a crayon. T.'ie art in England, is infinitely behind iis advauoed state in this country. The artists there aro only working in the way that Americans worked eight or ten years ago. They still manipulate, wh iv machinery is used hero, and there aro fifty por traits taken hire for one there. In Franee, too, though the birih pi ce of the art, it ss in a backward 1 state compared with its position in the United States. ( gra.lo the art by making it merely nvvhanleal. in i etend of an art ef taste. Bnt thi* evil will soon cure ! it "elf. iu New \ork. at this mom nt, photognphio I likci . vcs are ex euted with greater skill than any where in the wor'd. There is one gnu. I I^ideratu'ii which is laid to bo discovered by n & >ntlcn iu in [ this State, but which he has not yet perfected, ail I that is, imparting the colors of the object taken, at the >ame time that the image is impressed on the ! plat*. This would be not only to draw by tha li<$ht oftha sun, but to paint by its light tho verr colors I of nature itself. We believe that it is possible to ar-ive st even this perfection, and that beautiful as tbo art now is, it is only as yet in its ftifa icy? its mysteries are not all revealed, and it ha- :>till mr.nv hidden charms to reward those who diligent- v *"?k tbem. ? - The groat utility of' thia n ? is only beginning to ; bo developed. At first, painters were jealous of it, and cried it down. But the great artists have ro? cognized it ? not aj interfering with th^ art of pVint | ing. but assisting it, und occupying new ground : wbieh never ccuid have been taken by plotters. I For instance, what painter oould biro taken :ut *<? 1 curate representation of the World's Fair 1 Bit: we find that M. Claude t took a series of dague ivityp* views of the grand exhibition, and sent them t ? the Knif erov of Russia, who win so l>!ca?ed th.it hr sent the artist a flattering letter, and a munificent dia mond ring. These pictures give a comoiele id- a of the exhibition of all nations. Eugene 1'iot is now competing with the engraver, and bringing out a daguerrcotyo work exhibiting the most celebrated ancient buildings of classic Italy. He calls it " Monumental Italy," and is publishing it in parts. IJy has opened with the city of Pis a, in which ke gives a correct representation of "the Leaning Tower,'' which painters have failed to do. T>vo | other engravings of the number give representations of the architecture of Florence. It is also contem plated to copy the millions upon millions of the hieroglyphicawhich cover the monuments of Thcbos, Memphis, and Carnac. A single man ea? do it. Legions of painters would take scores of years to accomplish such n work, and after all would fuil in equalling the fidelity of the peneil of light. The I'cautiful view of the city of Han Francisco and iU bay, at Bnklj's gallery, gives an idea of what may J be done by the dagi:"rreotype, in furnishing pictures , jf cities. TJ>eve i.- n? limit to the extent of this art. The pictuier arc now taken on a variety of substances ? silver, plated copper, steel, >*la.88, ivory, paj>er, nnd porcelain ? and other fobstaneee will be added by tin inventive genius of the age. The daguerreotype process will improve the taste of the people, and give them a truer appreciation of the fine arts than any other invention that has? preceded it. The moderate price of a ]>ortrait placca within the reach of all. pictures of themselves and their friends, whose accuracy no painter can rival, while this wonderful discovery will enable future artist* to paint for pov tcrity, on the glowing canvass, faithful portrait! of the most eminent men of the present generation, T*ii?iD*n.? Frederick Taylot, Esq.. ? distinguished naturalist and mineralogist. toad arrived at Trinidad; the objcct of bis Tisit being It was understood. the further develop* mi nt rif the celebrated Pitch Ukf, to other pur !<?(?? Him Itaow to which it* use ho* hitherto boua limited. I Tht extent of the Pitch Lake is about 100 mk>i. of which twenty-three were, some time since, leased to the Karl of Dundonald ; and in the past Tear no Icon than W)0 tons of asphalt were exerted from this part of the pro Crt y to Kngland and the Cnitcd States, where it has i'D chiefly employed in the production of gas. A more scientific knowledge of thin bituminous trea sure will doubtless lead to its adaptation to objects of which hitherto but ltttle idea has t"en entertained, and thus Trinidad, possessing as she does no vast a quantity of so valuable a jiroductlon may " smile through her tears."' and hope for the "gooddsys coming'' from her 'Pitch Lake.' ? TYifiidad (Pirt Srain) Uazrttt April 18. SfCRlTAKy op Utah. ? Hon. B. C. Ferris, of Tompkins, lias been offered, and, it is said, has ac cepted, the post of Secretary of the Territory of Utuli Mr. P. was a member of the Legislature 1 (tree ^ oaio shu hiu u44 uL?v uiriev* ? *f* * i ? m rw yim ;-r- ^ THE CELESTIALS IN CALITORNIA. SINGULAR CHINESE DOCUMENT. Tttr Frnjiotnl Ki| iiMuii of the C'vlnr**? Message uf tlir (lovrrnur of California* Kik? ctivk Dkpaktmknt. ^ Saci;ami:xto <"itv, April 2"., 1 S.">2 > To THK Shnatk ASP As- kmbly OK C vl ifohsia : f rttnuot [x rniit th? official rolatijiiN \r!n Oi invo uiiiti d U" to bt! finally dissolved without inviting thk attention tnamib.it <-t deeply interesting. us it appears to me, to tli<: welfare ofthe State 1' tie various '??? 1 important publio interest* which haie bce;i co.iflJ ?<l to n* diu f>t be protected, and thet-pirit of indasfry and Riiterjuii-o which distinguishes our poop'e must be encouraged In this State questions ot' publjo concern tuu^ o'len urine, which uro peculiar iu their uatiirr and which call fei promp: investigation and rapid and deeisivc act ion. Tbo State in yonng in growth, hardly pact the period of infm y ; hat promises to become t=)M ediy one of the ui"-t p >J? i lous and jwworfi.l sovereign'. ies of the Am '.'iwn Union. TIk ulijoct which I doem it my duty to i-rc-o n for your consideration. lutVre cir final separation, is tho jii-ownt wholesale importation to this o< ' ttry of immigrants from tb? \ iaticfjuarter of ? !?;> ?(ob*.'. 1 ant det i?'v iinpiewd ??hh t ln? conviction that, in orck'r to enhance t ho prosperity and to preserve t !i?> ? rnnnuilli'y of tho State. measures must l>o tdopte.l to check tli is tide of A-iatic immigration, an 4 to present tt exportation by then of iho j.r'. ions metal wbieh tin y dig up from our soil without, cha -g.' and without assuming any of the obligitiois im poseil tipon citizens. 1 < 11 ude partie ihuly to 't ehm of A.-iatics known its " t 'ooliea.'* who are sent hor.?, an 1 Kin assured. ami as in geucti'Iy believe I. Uiler contract 8 to vork in mir mines for a torm ; and who, tit the expiration of that term, return to tln ir ua'ive country i am sensible that a proposition to r< 1 iict international intercourse. or to oho k tho iatm'.'ra tion of even Asiatics, would iippour to eo tflict i ' U the long chcti-hod and b u 'volont policy of our 'X > YcmincJit Tin government, ha? opened its i u'er nal arms to " tho oppres ed of all initio.:-, m l it, lias offered them an asylum and a .iUolter fr> n tho iron rigor of despotism The exii;' pilgrim r.uii'o weary immigrant havo been tho recipient of it ? no ble hospitalities. In thi.-' sciiorous p"li?v. so far us it afreets Europeans or others capable of becoming citizens under our luw.>, I des:vc to soo ,io clnngo, nor d'i 1 desire to ,~ce any diminution of thn' spirit of liberality whi -h ] emuks the naturalization la* > of tho United Status A qmstion around vvbieh there has been thrown some doubt, is whether Asiatics eon'.d with '..v bo ndinitted to the enjoyment of all tho rights of citizens in our courts of justice. If they are i.'u > rnut ol the solemn character of tho oath or uT, i i tion hi the form prescribed by the constitution and st.tt t utt t~ . or il they ate indifferent, to tlv solemn ob ligation which an oath imposes to speal; tho truth, it would ho unwise to receive them as jurors, or to permit them to practice in courts of In >v, more especially in cases affecting the rights of others than Asiatics. Congm*. posseting t.tio exclusive pow^r to omi ih nn uniform rule of naturalization, has unacted that "every alien, b'.inz a freo white person, may booomo a citizen of the I uited States. by c >ruply ing with certain conditions. Of the construct, ion of tl>i? law, Chancellor Rout, remarks that " tho aei, of Oofl^ress eoitfii the desciip1 ion of aliens capa blc of naturalization to froe white persons ' **l presume," continues tho learned writer. " that this includes the inhabitants of Africa ami their lcs; n d&nte; and it m*y become a question to what ox tent person.-1 of mixed Hood are excluded, and what shades aid dcgf#e.< of mixture of oolo.' disqualify an ? i ioti from application for tUo bftneil' of the act ot natiiranvation. hftps there might I o diftienlt e*, al-o, tr< '0 the i "ppor-colosv I races 'if America, or *bf vellow or tavny races of the Aeinti. . audit may well bed >ubted whc^hcra-iy of them ure white persons within thy puryiowof "h law It is the declared law of New Yorfc.foyt'h ? Carolina, Tennes.-oo, and oilier Stat< -.that Indians . arc not citizens, but distinct tribes, living un i.>r 'he ' protection of the government, and c mho juont ly they ne'er < rin bo made citi "ens eader the act of Cou cress."' It i certain that no Asi itic class ha- yot nnpli<vl for, or has rcceivod the benefits of this act. Iudeo 1 j I am not awuri that a si igb sub, et of t'io C y no empire ever a -quired a retincuoc or a domicile in ! any of the States ot the Union, except, p-rb.aps in ' this. In this Mate their habits have been migra tory, and, us far as I can learn, very ! -w of th mi have i vir i ed a di.'positb a to tv piire :? lo'ni >!. . or. as clfciz. its, to i lt.ni.ify themselves with the country Gold, with a talismanio po rer, has overcome those ' national Labits of rc.-e i ve au ! non- intercourse whii h j the Chinese and their neighbors havi. hitherto c\ hibitcd : and uidcr thi impulse which ih disc - very of the pr> e ous metals in California has giv n to their cupidity, vast numbers of them are immi grating hither, not. however, to avail themselves of ihrnKi ny i < ,!>,/, '^oy )l" 'f themselves fr >m allegiance to other powers, and under the laws of tho United States, become A me* rictiii citizens. They come to acquire a certa n i an ount of the precious metals, and they return to their native country. j I invito jour attention for a moment to results that way ensue, if by inaction ire give further e - j couragement to rli" mania for emigration which ) pervade.- several f the Asiatic states, and which it ; jtut} be pf:itmed. is being rapidly diffused tbrourh l out all continental Asia. The area of Asia issevea tcen millions eight hundred and sixty-five thcti I sand EnglUh square miles, aud ihe total population j js computed h> the best authorities at (?>!">, 2 0.00ft) I thiee iiundi ed and .-event v-fivc million twohundr '<1 and thirty thousai d. The population otthe Chines Empire and d. pendant states alone, is one hundred an. I sixty-eight millions. It will be roadilv per ceived that millions might be detached from such injriads without any perceptible diminution of the aggregate population ; and that vast numbers inny be induccd, under contracts, to immigrate to a j country which thev are told contains inexhaustible , mines of gold and silver. The facilities afforded I thorn for immigration are rapidlv increasing, nnd I few vessels now enter our ports from Asintic | countries whioh are not crowded with this peculiar ! neorile. 1 ] have received intelligence from reliahlo sources that tlie average rate charged an Asiatic from China to California is forty dollars: that over t.<vo thousand of theirnumbcr have arrived at Sa? Fran cisco, within the last few weeks, and that at least five thousand are now on their way hither. Letters from Canton to the end of January, estimate the in.migration from that port to California for 1832 at over twenty thousand, nearly all of whom will be hired by Chinese -musters to como here and col i Icct gold under the direction and control of tbo | master himself, who accompanies them, or an agent. I They usually come in bands of thirty or more; a i vowel, however, recently arrived with one hundred I on hoard, the whole being uuder the control of one ; man. A practice has long existed in Chir.a of hir , ing coolies under contracts made thero to work for a term of years in other countries. Theso coolies aro ' given a free passage out and home, with wages at the rate of three to four dollnrs per month. Most of th< ni are married, and while absent, ?1 50 to $2 per month is paid to their families for subsistence, and the amount deducted from their wages. The usual , j>ay of coolies employed as furmers in China, is ono dollar per month and food onough to sustain life, I but they are required to pureha.ro their own j clothing. 1 have received this morning a letter from a highly intelligent merchant at Han Praneisto, in closing a commercial circular, issued by King&C'o., dated "Canton, (China) January 27th, 1S.32," from which the following extract is made: ? '?The most r< mnrkulile feature in connection with ship- 1 ping which we huve touote is the employment of tonnag* caused by Chinese emigration to California. This has bc*n increasing for sfmc months p^ut. uml tho following vest's are no* under engegenimt to UKo Cbiufse passen gers at fri m $u2 to $60 per heud viz; Amnriean racket, 400 ton t: Klcnhcitn. tV8H; I'unstaut :>H.T; Kmperor. 4W7; Ulenlyon. K84; llcnbury. 467; l.?nd o'Oakcu. .'sit: North Carolina. f>70; llr&hri'in. f>14; Kdmi. filJl: (trace McYed, 845; Osceola. 75!?; Rujastlinn. (K'O; Hubert Htnall, ?1W; Convoy. &>S, Sopl.ia iJO; Trinelgn '114: (ieorgc W'h-Ii ingtot 460. After the New Tear holidays, it li expected that a unmlxr c.f other vessels will 11 ml similar employ* inont | l be letter enclosing the circular from which the abo". e extract is taken, is dated, San Francisco, | April 22, 1852. The writer says: ? The Challenge, from Hong Kong, in in this morning: with a full list of Chinete, from seven to eight huudred. She re port* ati extended emigration to this State, with a prospect of a still greater increase? many large ship* being on the way, crowded with Celestials. 1 have mentioned in the preceding portion of this communication, that numbers ot Asiatics havo been and are being sent here, nnder contracts to labor for a term of years in our mines, at merely nominal wages, and that thoir families have boen retained as hostage? for the faithful performance of the con tracts. If this intelligence is correct, it may well be doubted whether such contracts should be rocog nited or enforced within tUo limits of this State. Mr. Justice Story, in his commentaries upon the "Conflict of Laws," and "Foreign Contracts," contends with great force nnd cloarness, that "there is an exception to the rale as to the universal I validity of contracts, which is, that no nation ! is bound to recognise or cnforce any oontracts i whirh arc injurious to its own interests or that j of its own snbjects." Mr. Justice Martin has ; exprcipcd it in the following terms: ? "The ex- < ccption applies to cases in which the contract is i immoral and unjust, or in which the onforcing it in aHtate would be injurious to the rights, tho in tereMs or tho convenience of such State or its citi icns.'' Tlie exception results from tho consideration that t lie authority of the act* n, l "ontraotsdonn in other SUWi, a* well M ihc hw? by which tli?y -re rcjf- ' lated, are not oi any tO'sney beyond the limits of ' tbat Stute; ami whatever in attribute'! t* th?m c1?o?heic, i< fn-m f-oitiitjr and nut of siriot right; m.d every ia It |iv ident. oxnuiuoily mil >1 ought is judge fof itself how t'ur that comity ought to ex tend. Ttio reainnulilo limitation In that it a hall not Mif.tr jirejudice by iin comity." Oh ti reccht uci-agum it w>s affirmed by the Su- ! pre rue Court iT Louisiana, that ( lie rule m regard to the uiiivenml validity of contract*, "is duGjoct only to the exception that the contract, to which n id is rt oure.t, should not, ei'hor in itself or in the nicatvi ii.-rii to give i: effeot, work t?u injury to th.> iiihul iimi'e of the country where it ia atteiaptod to be union- wl." Tho cases which form an exemption to the rule,, ai to the universal validity of contracts, have bjeu | clasoiticd l)> eminent legal authorities Among those enumerated, are con tract s to corrupt or evade theuue administration of justice; contru.-ts to cheat public agents, or to defeat, tho public rights- oju- 1 trails which arc opposed to tho national policy and iin-iitutioiis: anil, in short, all contract-* which, in their own nature, are founded in moral turpitude, and are inconsistent with the good order and solid , inlere?ts of society. Ail such eontraers, eveu though i tiny might bo held valid in the con ry where they > an iuikIo. would be held void iNewboro or a*, leant ought to be, if tho dictates of Christian morality, or even ot natural justice, uro allowed to have their j due force and influence m tbe adiniui-trit ion of ( inUri arionul juisprudenee flic re cannot bo a | reasonable doubt that contracts made in Chiua witu j the subjects of that empire, by their own country liicii or by resident foreigners, for the perform ioee of I w< rk and labor within tho State of California, ooiuc | within the class of contract hero enumerated as ox- | ceptionb to the rule, in vfjH-et to the unisrorsil validity of contracts This question will form aa appropriate subject for the consideration of courts of law; lui 1 em u -t l'oibuar to expre-s the opiuioa that such our tracts ou^Ut not to he rocogni/.ud or enforced within the limits ot this Suvo, eitlier upon the score of international comity or law. If it bit admitted that the introduction of one btindrid thousand, or a leSi number of *? Coolie*," into this State. under such contra ts with 110.1 tosi dents, may eiiibingcr the public tranquility, aud in juriously a He it tbe iuUron's of our people. then wo 1 are bound to adopt moatures to avert such evils. I j therefore respectfully submit to your eousideral ion i two distinct proposition? : 1st. JSnoh an ? .\orcise of the t ixing po.ter by the j State is will cheek the ;>r.-s -nt syali tu of indi riiui- ! liate and unlimited Asi : tie em'gratio. 2d. A demand, by the Stato of California, r tb ? i prompt intei'i osit'on of Cougrus, by the | ? ?i.;.' .i j an act piohibitiug " Coolies,1' shipped to (,'aiti' >nt i under contracts, from laboring in the mines of ibis | State. Willi the consent of tl-.o State, ' 'on^p'.-r I would have the clear right to interpose s.i a rfo- j gn.Kis ?s in their wisdotu luigb: be deemed nc h sary. The power to tax, as well a* to entirely ox ciM'.o ftots class of Asiatic immigrants, it is behoved cat. be cm sntulionaily exercised by the Stale. As the subject is one of great magnitude, I havod .' ? n | cd it. my duty to examine tbe opinions of eminent [ writers on international law, as well as the writ ten opiniotisof the Judges of ttrc Supreme Court ol' tho I United States. It might l>e urgod as an objection to tho imposi tion <?) :t tax, th:it suoh :i shi'ute would be a regu a tion of ci muicr e, and that tlio power to regulate commerce is exclusively reposed in Congress. lam a ware ti nt a majority < f the Judges composing tin Sap.eine Court of tlio Unite I States have deotded ttiui statutes jui- j?d by the Legislatures of Now Yo;k and Massachusetts, imposing a tax on pas si ngei of from a foreign port , vtrt ivgula turns ol foreign commerce, uud that the pnverto rgulate e>unuiftrce b.-ing <? v lu.-ively reposed in Congress, the s; a tires wero \oid. l!ut tlio <vho!e com l ???><> uud. l'j'o -d !o concodo the right of the Slate to tax imuiigiair a after thoy were on shore. The power oi' .stales to exclude immigrants is also shown by tli ? host wiiters on international liw, a; w ell as 1>> the decisions of the Supreme Co.ut ol t > United Suites. Mr Justice Woodbury remark ed, in bis opinion given in the case of X orris v? Ihu city of lios u.i, that '"it hiviug heeu, both in Europe and America, a matter of municipal regula tion whether aliens .-hall or shall not reside in any particular State, or even cross it.s borders, it follows that if a sovereign .State pleases, it may. asa matter of clear right, exclude them entirely;" and, ?' as fuithcr proof and illustration that tuis power exists i in the States, and has never been parted with.it [ was clearly exercised by Virginia, as to other than paupers; and it is now cxercisod, in one fonn or | another, as to various persons, by more ' than half I the States of tho Union. I in the case above referred to, involving tho ques tion whether the State of Now York, imposing taxes upon alien passengers arriving in the ports of that Suite, wasooutiary to tho constitution of the Unitod States, five of the Judges of the Supreme Court oelivored opinions in tho affirmative, and four in the negative. In delivering bis dissculiug opinion, Chief Justice Taney remarked that " t tie first in quiry suggested by these easts was, whether, under I ti o constitution of tho United States, tho Federal I government has tho power to eninpel tho several >'atoi< iu ttuifiivr . jpjf .fifths of persons thought it '? very clear, both upon the principhTatTd the authority ol adjudged eases, that the several . tutes have a right to prevent from entering tho whmn'if0. ^T' or e' ' or descriptions of persons, iu i iV dar,?oro,,s "f injurious to the I St -V,. h Wt'!fkl!0 ol ,ts eiti/ens; and that the I State ihas the _ exclusive right to detorinine, in its ! sound discretion, whether tho dunger does or does | rnw,h? But, without farther reference to the able opinion delivered in this case by Mr. .Justice Taney, I will remark that the principle involved in the recommen dation that 1 have niauc, does not upper to ine to be entirely analogous to that contained in statutes of Ne?v York ami Massachusetts, and declared to he unconstitutional by the Supremo Court, of the United States. In those cases it >?a ? proposed to impose a tax upon " free white persons, who could acquire the rights of American citizens. Hut, in the pre sent instance, it is proposed to tax persons who, it is believed, cannot assume tho obligations imposed upon, nor acquire the civil or political privileges of citizens of the United States. In those cases, the public health merely was endangered ; tint it is be lieved that in this instance tho most vital interests of the Slate and people, ami perhaps, tho public iieatc, are at stake. Whether tho objection raised by the Supreme Court to tho statute of .Vow York, that it, was a regulation of commerce, and that, th< it-fore, it. was void, would apply to a statu to oi this Stat) , Imposing a similar tax. upon A-iaties, I must leavu it to you, and to other tribunals to de termine. ? I There is no official information in this department I touching the nature of the contracts said to have been made with Asiatics by their own couutryinen, or by foreign residents in the Chinese empire, to wo k our mines. It is not officially known to this department whether those persons are hero in a state of voluntary or involuntary servitude. But if it De ascertained that their emigrai 'on and servitude arc voluntary, I ntn still of tho opinion that tho Legisla ture may cnact laws to prevent or discourage ship ments of vast bodies of Coolies iuto this .s'jite ? 1 am convinced that thorc is nothing in the federal constitution which forbids the enactment of sueh laws. 1 It is a remarkable fact that the treaty concluded nt Wang Hiya, on the Ii<l of July, J'Sl-*, botween the United .Status and China, contains no provisions in relation to the civil or political privileges which tho subjects of the Chincso emnire, immigrating to the United States shall enjoy. It is true that this treaty guarantees important commercial privileges to our citizens: but in the exercise of these privilege, ni> encroachments are mado upon tho rights or tho property of China. The measures which 1 have now recommended you to enatt, would not, of course, justify any retaliation by Chinese upon Americans now residing in thatoountry. Indeed, in view of tho fact that in all the govern ments of Kuropo and Asia, foreigners aro excluded from mines, and in view of the further fact that in those countries, tho precious metals are commonly retained by tho government to the exclusion even of their own citizens, it is not, easy to belie v<f that tho Chinese will urge objections to the measure which I have here presented, if adopted. It must be conceded that the extraordinary wants of this State will demand novel, if not extraordinary legislation. The history and condition of California ie peculiar? is without parallel. Her resources, like her exigencies, aro without precedent. In framing laws, theretoro, to meet such exigencies, it is clear that we cannot be guided entirely by prece dents which have been established in the common conrsc of cvont* in other 8ti?t?i. But though our condition may sometimes require departures from precedents in tho enactment, as well as in the oxo cution of laws, we should not fail to follow the sonititution, both as our chart and as the palladium of our liberties. Having thus performod one of the moct important duties which will nerliaps devolve upon mo during my term of office, I commit this subject to your core, and tu treat for it your caruful eon* idem: ion. John Dk.i er. The ChlMNmen t? Hli Ru'f W#t. Blgt?r. Nan PliXCUOO, April 2(), 1852. Kir ? The Chinaman have learned with sorrow that you have published a message against them. Although we are Asiatics, ?vm? of us have been educated in American schools and )mvo learned yonr language, which hao enabled us to read your mes sage In the newspapers for ourselves, and fo explain it to thereat of ouroountrymen. We have all thought a great deal about it, and, after consultation with one another, we hnvc determined to write you aa decent and ro?j)cctabloa letter as we could, point* ing out to your Excellency oome of the errors you hnvo fallen into about us. When you speak of (lie lawn f your own country, v it .|ir M ? ot pr"?utri(? to contradict you In ours nil great nirn are learned men. and a iuao 'a rank iajust B"oordinjr to hisedn<*?tion. Keying, wh? ro\d? th? treaty with Mr Cmhiog, was not only ??niiii?of the Empeior, but one of the most I* irned men i? i the Kmpire ; otherwise h? would not have been tie v.irnor of Ctyiton Just so, we do.ibt not, it is in | (,'alifo. riu <1 otbe: onlightoii?d eountriss. llafc it will not ho tm'-i.g little of youratt Moments to : 1 1 ? j? .<o t!i it y i u do Hot unow as much about our people us \ ou d*? of jour own You (jcak of i l?i< Chinaman as " Coolies," and in one #ii e 'ho word id applies bio to a gr-at rai \j of tin in; but not in tha' in <-'hi?b yyu seotn to ufo it. " Uooly " i* *oi :i> Chinese word ; it It ii beeu import* >1 into China from foreign parts, aiit lnu been into thi.i country. What Hi original aig'iifi, na tion wnd, we do not know; hut with us it unguis a, j common laburer, and nothing uioro. Wo hive never , ki'own it used among us as a designation of a ola-n, such utf you have in view ? persons bound to labor ! under epiitractfl, ? hi< h they euu bo forcibly com pelled to comply with. Tue Irishinou wao are en gaged in diggiug down your hills, th ? meu who mj i load ships, who clean your streets, or evjii drive j your drays, would, if they wero in China, ha eon- | sidtrcd " CooMes;" trade-in n, mechanics of evo'-y kind, and professional men, would not. if you ini an by "Coolies" laborers, many of our onuntry inen in the initios are " Coolies,' a l many again aic not. There arontnong them tradesmen, mechan ic#, gi utry (being persons of respectability, and *vlio enjoy a certain rank and prirdoge.) mid sclio'tlmis tirs," who nro reckoned with the gentry, and with as , considered a respectable cla.<s of people. None ire "Coolies," il by that woril mean bound your tnuii or con' i act .-laves The ship Challenge, of wliicb you speak in your nu ssage os bringing over inoro than tiro hundred Chinamen, di4 not brini; over one who was under " Cooly " contract to labor. Hab wa, who eamo in her as agent for the charterers, one of the signers of this Jotter, states to your Excellency tha'. tliey wore ;> 1 1 passengers, and are going to work in the mines fur tilt Intel VeS. As to our countrymen coming over here to labor for or 04 jier m >nth w.iges, it is uurensora'de on theface of it, and it is no., truo. That strong affec tion which they have for their own country, which iudi;oes tlnm to return with tho gold they dig, as you say, would prevent them froiu leaving ilr.'ir uomes for wages so little, if at all better than they could get there. The Chinamen are iudeed remark able fur their love of their country in a ioiueii i: way. They gather together in clans in di.strics and m ighborboods, and in some villages l hero are t,hju -and.- and thousands ef the same surname, (lo a Icing around the original family home. Thoy honor their pnreiits ai d ago generally with a respect, hk 1 reli g'on, and havo the deepest anxiety to p o/ide for theli descendants. To honor his parents is tho great dc..y of tho son. A Chinese proverb runs somewhat in this way: "In tho morn trg, when yon tuo, in quire after your parents' health ; at mid lay ho not far from thoiu, and in the even comfort th -.ni when they go to rest: this is to be a pious son." VVitU sueii feelings us these, it is to be expected tail they will return with their gains to their homes, but it is foolhh to believe they will leave them for trilling inducements. To the same cause you must look for tho reason why there are no Chinese drunkards in your stn ets. nor convicts in your prisons, in tdineu in your kosj.it uls, or others who aro a charge to your State. They live orderly, work hard, arid take care ol i hcniM.*) ves, that they may have the means of pro viding for their homes and living amidst their fami lies The other matter which you allude to ? their leaving their families in pledge as security f<r tho performance of their cont ract ? is still more ineousis tent wit ii their character, and absurd llavo you ever inijuii ec) what tho holder of such a pledge could do with tliem? Ii' he u.-ed any force towards them, he would be guilty of an oiVence. and be punished by ihe law.-, just, as i i any other country, and if ho treated thoiu well, they would only be a burden and an ad ditional expense to him. S inie'imos very rich per sons who have poor men in their emjilwymeno at bom", or abroad, support their families through charity, particularly if thoy n re relatives. Some times they bind themselves to do it by their con tracts, but this gives thom uo powjr over them as We'willtJilyuul-uirlt is that the Chinese poor emu* to California. Some have borrowed tlie small amount neccssary, to bo returned with unusual m t, vest on account of tbo rink; souio have beou tur n i shea with money without interest by their frionds and relations, au.l some again, but much the smaller i. oil ion. have recoi.ed advances m money, to bo returned out of tlieprofitsof theadventuro 1 be usu al ai 110. tionmeiit of the profits is about throo tenuis to tiio lender of the money, and rarely, if over, any more. These arrangements modo at, homo seldom brin" them further than San Francisco, and here uin Chinese traders furnish them the means of getting to the mine*- A great deal of money is thus lent at a nominal or very low interest, which, to the credit of our countrymen, we are uMc to say, is almost invariably faithfully repaid. ! he poor C hi iiaman does not come horo as a slave. Ho oorae ^ bccumeof his desire for independence, au<l 'i9 ^ as-i'Ud by tbo charity of his countrymen, which they bestow on h'm safely, because he is industrious aS honestly repay, them . Vhe ??. he g. >U to the ? t, u? e-t. t work with patience, industry, offence, nnd lie is eouterued with small g ifns" jle'r hnps only two or three dollars per day. His living costs him something, and lm is well pleased if he ran up three or four hundred dollars :t year. Like nil other nations, and as is particularly to be ex pected of them, many return borne with their money, vbere to remain, buy riee fields, build houses, nnd devote them -elves to the socioty of their own households and the increase of the pro duc ts of their country, of its exports and imports, of its commereo and the general wealth of the world. Hut not all; others ? full as many as of other nations? invest their gains in merchandise nnd bring it into the country and sell it at your markets. It is possible, sir, that. you may not be aware how great this trado is, and hotv rapidly it is increasing, and how many arc now returning to California as merchants: who came ovci originally as miners. Wo are not able to tell you how much has been ] aid by Chinese importers at the Custom House, but the sum must be very large. In this city alone there are twenty siorcs kept by Chinamen, who own the lots and erected the buildings thom sclvcs. In ih etc stores a grcut doa) of business is done ; all kinds of Chinese goods, rice, silks, sugar, ten. etc , are sold in them, and als* a great quan tity of American goods, especially boots, of which every Chinaman buys one or more pairs immediately on binding. Ar.d then there are the American stores dealing in Chinese raiicles on a very largo scale, nnd some with the most remarkable success. The emigration of the "Coolies," as your Excel lency ruthir mistakingly calls us. is attended with ..we in an mis i mntse trade, which, if it produces tho same results here as elsewhere, will yet be the pride and riches of this city and State. One of the subscribers of this letter is now employed as a clcik in art American store, because of the ser vices he can tender them a.s n broker in business with his countrymen; he ho3 sometimes .-old $10,000 a dny of Chinese goods. Chy Lung, who arrived a few Jays sin'O with some $10,000 in China goods, has sold out and returns for another cargo, on tho Challenge. Foi-Cbaong. who brought in a cargo about a month ago, has soUi out, and also returns in tho Chal lenge. So does the partner of Ham-wa, of this city ; Tnlc-Shnong for tho snmc purpose? for more than a year ho has been continunlly importing and selling cargoes. A great, many others scud for goods by the Challenge, and all (he other ships which you speak of as being expected. will brine i curgoi'8 oi Chinese good J a.< well as Chin.itnen. Nor | dees this by any means giu> you n full idea of the trado of the Chinamen. They not only freight your ships, but they have bought many of thi-m, ana will buy more; nnd us to the freighting of ships, it may bo worthy of your attent on to know that such is our preference for your countrymen that we employ your ships in preference to any others, even wk<in we could get them cheaper. When a ship arrives, everybody sees how actively and profitably your drays, steamboats, wagons, etc., are employed by us. Home of us read in thn papers the other day, that the government of the United Htates wore going to send ships to Japan to open that country to Ame rican trade. That is what we supposed your country wished with China as w?ll as other countries; but it cannot all be on one side, and it is plain that the more advantages we get from your country, the faster you will get the benefits of our trade. The gold we have been allowed to dig in your mines is what has made the China trade grow np so fast, liko everything else in this country. If you want to ?heck immigration from Asia, you will have to do it by checking Asiatic commerce, which wo suppose from all that wo have ever knowu of your govern ment, tho United States most desired t-o increase. Whntyonr Excellency has said about passing a law to prevent Coolies shipped to California under contracts from laboring in the mines, we do not con ceive concerns us, for there are none such hero from China, nor do wo believe any are coming, except a small number, perhaps, who work on w? have before explained, just an people fro in &fl other countries sometimes do. We will not believe it 1* jour intention to pass a law treating us as Coolies, whether wo are so er not. Yon say there is no treaty provision for the manner in whioh Chinese emigrants shall be treated, and that the Chines* ( government would have no right to complain of any aw excluding us from the country, by taxation or otherwise. This may be true of the government, but it would certainly alienate tho present remark ably friendly feelings of the Chineee people, and in many ways interfere with the full enjoyment of the commercial privileges guarantied to the Americans by the treaty of Wang-Hiya. In what wo here say, wo have most carefullv told yourcxcellency tho truth; but we fenr you will not Relievo us, because you havo spoken in vour mes sngc of us ns Asiatics, " ignorant of the solomn character of tlio oath or affirmation in the form pre scribed in the constitution or tho Htatutos," or ?' in different to 'the solemn obligation to sneak the tiu'h v. I ' i ? ? 1 1 nn mt'h impn?r? " If is truth. n<*v r tLelcnf, and wo loavo it to tiujo and the pro?t wUxh ' ud .*! >ur words carry in them to satisfy y?t, of th? f 1 1 Ium g,i.-vid us t hai wiu should j> ibluii no hud . Airacwrof us. and wo wiah tli*ht you could o!ia-i i four opinion, mid* apeak wi ll of u* to tho p:ibli<? We do not deny that many Chinamen tell n ,.4) au, do many Americans. oven iu uoirt* of jua ijo* iiut W6 liav? our courts, too, mid our form* of o .tin, whic h .ire ho saoredly rwpanted by our o mntrymwi Mother nations respect theirs We do not sweat upon so many little i QC'itiioiiH as you ?!>?, sad out fortUH will See in OS ridioulous to you as your.* <1<> i# us when we lirst Kue th' tn. Yoa will * ui!e wiief ire toll you that on ordinary occasions an oath i atiesUd by burning a piow ufytlluw paper. ami ihe mote iui|iortaat one* by outting oil' the head a ouok; yet these are only tonus, aud cannot ban great importance, wo would think 1$ it iu the iii* portaut matters we aro good men; wo honor our pi? rent*; wo take car.- ol our children; wa ;iro in dtfj1 tiioua and peaceable; wo trade utueh; wear* trusted for small tik'd large sums; we pay our dob' ? and *i| honed; aud of course must toll the truth */ <>of wen cannot t<dl lies and tie i^uor nit of tho di.l'ed, ?nee between tho right and ?he, wrong. i Wo do not. think much about your polit <t.<. 1> it wi believe you are mist ikeii in supposing no Chimin *4 has ovor yet applied t? bo naturalized or l?*s ao'pii? edadoiuioil in the Haired States, except hero. lour is a Chinaman now in San Francises who is said tL bo a i-utuialir.ed citizen, and to linve a tVuo wliiit American wifo. llo wears the American dress, ant is considered a inau of respectability. A^id thai) aro, or wore lately, wo >n-o informed, Ghiuna -n r<* sii.ing in Bostoa. Now York aud New Orlca i*. ? (lie privileges of your laws nro open to us, somfl <f UK will doubtless acquire vour habits, your laJ ?r uage, jour ideas, your feelings, your morals, jot? lbtms. and bcoomo citizen* ol your country ? -uani have already adopted jour religion in thoirown i nnd ??o will be good oitiien*. There are very go?Jj Oinamen now iu tho country, and a button ol"-? will, if allowed, come li reaftei ? men of learuii/ and wealth, bringing their families w:th them. ? In contduding this letter, wo will only b<-g yoij Exi ellenoy uoi to bo too hasty with us, t ? tiud t, out and know us well, and then we aro ooiiain yc willnotoommai.il your Legislature to make la >t driving us out of jour country. Lot m stav h-ri-u the America us are doi> g good to us, aud we will (?< good to them 2 Your most humble servants. , Had Wa, ^am Wo & Co. 3 Long Aohigk, Tom Wo & Go.JJ For the tihinamon in California. Monrgorrver)''* Fxcuvutor. IMl'OKTANT TO KAIl.liOAl) ANi> OVNAI. OONTIIA0TOR, 1IH.0KBH, A Nl> CONTKAOTOUS K(?K KUMOj INtl SHOALS AND MAN DBA US IN RIVER J AND HA} B0K8, ETC. ? This uiachino is based upon the principle of t*, flrebiuiedeim hi icw. An immense auger, in fr' form i f a revolving cylinder, of from four to eisjj! feet in diameter, poised at the proper incliuauJ nt:d impelled by steam power, does tho work. F land excavations it ismippoitod upon n truck o<juif ttlcnt to its weight and capacity, aud for sub a juei, cx :avution ? it is fixed njion a scow. Five t.hous'ifil men, in the work of removing sandbars and shoA' in bin born rivers with ordinary means, it is tiniatcd, arc scarcely equal to the working oapaji' i o! one of these excavators wf eight feet diaiu^t* It is calculated 1 1. at a cylinder of \hi> above diauj ter is capable of removing l,U)Ocubiu feet per n nute. i The machine is so const rncted that it can ha el? vatcd or depressed so as to bo worked at any ang* by means of a screw > It would be iiujs)spible, in the limited i^eapo this article, to give a full explanation of this v^j uable invention, or to enumerate the uses to whi| it may be applied Suffice it to say that it can t used wherever ear'h is to be removed, either abul or under water; ar.d tho intmonso disparity betwe'* thi- and all other methods of excavating must J once commend ii to the ) ublic A model of tho machine may be soon at tho offie^ Messrs. Pierre C'. Kane St Co. t Tho following gentlemen have given their cert? elites of tbo practical superiority of this invont# over all others, now known to exist, for tho pic poses of dredjring or excavation: ? James R-nwiit Col. Coll, J. W.#Wlams, civil engineer, oditor* Appletons* Mechanics' Magazine; II. R Durhai" Anhimcdcs works; James Murphy, Fulton foundj Jo?eph Belknap, engineer; John F. Rodman, ^ gincer, whose opinions iu writing may bo aceu^ the above address. 1 A Koilnti'n St. linwrrncr Lli<? of Steaumli| from PIcioii tu Queiiw. I B. Uammatt Norton, Amer ean Consul at Piot* Novn Scotia, is now engaged in establishing a ll of stcumerti betwetn the above ports, which wt open up a new line of travel for the fashiona* tourist, the ensuing summer. Mr. Norton has j* returned from Quebec, whero he liad an intotv . with tho Oovemor (joneru.1 members of ' council, who expressed a strong doslro to bavo , enteq>rise prove successful. The Provinces of N? Scotia and New Brunswick have voted X.VK) a y< for throe years, and Prince Edward Island X'2fi It is supposed Canada will employ this line in trai j uibtrn - ->->il. for which they will grant not f than 4,1 ,feOO jier year. > 'lhis route of travel will undoubtedly becomo ?? popular, as it will enable the tourist to visit each! the Lower and Upper British North American H v Hues The courso will bo to take the now lin&.' steamers to Halifax, or St. John, New BrunswiV and then by land, over a beautiful road, to'PioM and then embark in the steamer, touching at Prii* Edward l.?land and Now Brunswick, up tho f Lawrenco to Quebec. 1 Military Affair*. \ llr*i)qi-AiiTf m or tiik Armt. V Amur ant Omoitt'i Ornoe, H Waihikoton, May -i. 1852. J\ 1. The companies of t he fourth n-piuiont of infant} will leave their present stations, nnd proeoeil without ^ lay to Governor's J >lan.l New York, where the rcgim^ will lx concentrated preparatory to its departure fur hs vice tn the I'acifle division. (Cniifornia and Oregon.) 1j . rriiiment will proceed to California via Panama, touch! at S in Diego, to receive any iuM ruction* tliat mar be s*t to that point by the division commander, assigning t: several companies to stations Should no instructions 7 found at Sun Diego, the transport will then proceed Hent'-ia The medical ofllci rg now on duty with the rejJ meat will accompany it to ttie 1'aeific 'l. Forts Howard and Gratiot. Madison Harracks, at I'lattsliurgh ItKriacks. will lie temporarily atiandouwl ay the public pro}?rty not tuki-n with the troops will \ placed in cliariji! of tbe proper offlcers of the staff KorJ . Ontario. Nlii|:ara. Mackinac, and Brady, will each hnga|. risoned liy a company of the fourth regiment of art llarj to be deMgnnt<Hl by the colonel U. Tbe two companies of the fourth artillery in Charle, ton harbi r. (C. and M .) and the t#o companies at Koi Johnston. North Carolina (A. and II. J will immediate^ proceed to Fort Columbus, aud report to tho command' of I he regiment. jl 4. '1 lie tjuaricrmastcr's Department will furnish tU, requisite transports for the above movements, and tl.-' <?< iiiina ruling ofiicers w.ll notify tho (iiiart- rmastor whcl the trtopK will bf ready for embarkation. 5. All ab'-ent officers ot the fourth inf.intry m?w on 'j detailed for thn recruiting service and the coast survey are hereby relievt-d from extra duty and they, as also a, officers on leave of ab?enoe, will join their companiij without delay ( , By cenunaud of Major General Scott ? It. JONES, Adjuiaut Gen.^ial, ,| Nnrnl Intelligence. d| The I'nltod State* brig JVrry w?- towed frr.m the Nav> : Yoril. yenterdsy moralng. to ?rn. bound to th? c<Mt c ' Africa. The following arc her officer* : ? Lieutenant Commandant. Itichard Ij. 1'agc; l.ieu-'j tenant*. M. H Woolney nnil John Downci; Acting Ma?leic, Ilia.', w. Ahy: Krhwl AMictant Surgeon. I! .1 Kur1' < I > 1 1 mi - oil 1'anM d Midfhipmcti. S. IV (iuackenbush, J I.1 liable. Ou-tanu Ilarnou; Captaiu'a Clerk, lUohu-i Taylor. The old fr gate Macedonian. Captured during the war Oj 1812, from the British, by th> frigate t'nited State* ha?ii lng been cut down and rebuilt, at tho Brooklyn NuviO Ynrd. a* a correttc. 1* to recelvc the name of the Italoigh * one of the new frigate* now on the stocks taking tlx, name of tho Macedonian. The following officer* coinpooe the Board of Kxamioar* now in *e*!-|on at the Nuial Academy, Annapolla, Mary.(j land, vl?. : ? Commodore Terry. Captains Paulding and Wyman. an#' Commander* Dupont and Itinggold. The midshipmen of the date of lS4fl will come b<<<>rw thi* board for tbelr final examination. Account* from Pencacola to the 27th ult. hare been re ceived. The Vnited State* *loop-of-war Cyane was off the T Nwy Yard, and tho f loop- of- war Decatur wtut at tho, wharf, dbiuantlln g. The L. 8. ateamwt Vandalla. W. It. Gardner. ooni- - m&uder. arrived at San Franoiio, April lvtb in eigbtcca , day 8 from Honolulu, where ahe had been stationed far the prerlou* At? mobUu. The following te n lint of her oIBcot:? Wlltaun H. Gardner. Commander; Robert B. Johnnon. R?'d Warden. T. narman Patterson, lieuten ant*; John P. Bankhead. Acting lieutenant; James C. Palmer. Snrgeon; John V. B. Illeeeknr. Pinner; Walter V. GHliae, Acting Master; Robert Carter. Aaaiatant Sur geon: Jacob Read. Lieutenant of Marine; John B. Stow- * art, A. W. Habersham. II St. George Hunter. Stephen B. * Lnce, Pawed Midshipmen^ Charles H. Cuahman. Mid- ' ahipman; Ottokar Henkcl, Acting Midshipman; Zachary * Whitmarih. BoaUwain; John D. Hrandt. Gunner; Kobt. ? M. Bain. Carpenter; John W. North, Sallmaker; John Uoblna, Captain's Clerk; John M. Warrington, 1'uraer'a Cleik. Lieut. P. B. Renahaw will leave In the steamship Arc tic. next Saturday, to join the frigate Cumberland, in Urn Mediterranean. U. 8. aloop-of-war Jameatown. ootnmander S. W Down ing. touched at Poraambuco April 27, and soiled next day to erulae. The Uulted State.* sloops of war Germanic wn and John Adama were at Langerate. Canary Inlands, on the ;id ult. U. B. sloop of war St. Marys. from San Krone too for K?st Indie*, touched at lillo, March ?i. and remained till 2Slh. C. S fi Ignte 8t Lawrence, < VinmaiMer Hindu Pulaner, railed freni A'alpnrniso. April IN. for Calao. ?!? CM) rl;. , r p ' '?'!? v"<?' > ' " ? .kr 1'u.uor. BU iicci fi^HJ > alpmbo, Aj>ril 18th, far Vh\ho