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THE NEW YORK HERALD. WHOLE NO. 7383. MORNING EDITION?WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 19, 1863. PRICE TWO CENTS. DOUBLE SHEET. 1================== | ISfKWS BY TELEGRAPH.! HIGHLY INTERESTING FROM EVERYWHERE, ADDRESS OF SECRETARY EVERETT BKKOBK TUB American Colonization Society. BRIL.LIAIVT DEFENCE OF THE CAUSE. Graphir History of the Abominable Slave Trade, j Movements of the Different Exploring Squadrons. THE STATE TEMPERANCE CONVENTION. ' TERRIBLE MORTALITY AMONG LIBERIAN EMIGRANTS AT SEA, &e., &e. 1'ongirMdonol ami Legislative Proceedings. The length/ reports of the proceedings in Congress, and the New York Legislature, will be found on the lust two page-. Thlilj-SUth AnnlveiMury or the Amerlan I Colonization Society. 8PKECH OF "EG'KETARY EVERETT, ETC. WxsHi.yoTo.v, Jan. 18, 1853. The thirty-sixth anniversary of the American Colonlza tiou Society wag held in the First Presbyterian Church, thin evening. The edifice wan donsely thronged with ladies *nd gentlemen, including members of Congress, Judges of the Supreme Court, heads of Dejiartments, and other dig nitaries. The President of the United States occupied a seat on the platform, and next to Hon. Edward Everett. The attendance of delegates from the various auxiliary dissociations was larger than at any former period, num bering upwards of forty. Hon. C. F. Mkbctck, the oldest Vice President who could ? e present, called the meeting to order at 7 o'clock, and alter praver by Rev. -ft. R. Gurley, an abstract of the annual report was read, showing the brightening prospects ?>f tlie colonization cause. It appears that during the last year six vessels were sent to Liberia, carrying six hundred and sixty colored persons, of whom four hundred and three were free horn, two hundred and tweuty-flvc were ? mancipa.ed, and thirty eight purchased their freedom or their triends for them. Mr. Mercer concluded his re marks by introducing Hon. Edward Evkrktt. Seeretury of State, who said:? Mr. J'rexideut? When you invited me, some time ago, to take I J*rt in the discussions of this evening, it was my pur pose, tl able to attend the meeting at all, to examine the ?questions connected with the Bolonization Society in all their beaiings; fori have long been of opinion, that wheth- I ?-r * e conssider the state of things in America or Africa, no jnoie uiomeutous subject can engage our attention. But, sir, jny time and thoughts, during almost the whole interval, have be-u pre occupied, in a manner which has prevent ?d my making any but the hastiest and most inadequate prepaiatixi to address this audience, on whose kind in dulgence. therefore, without further apology, 1 beg to throw myself. The Colonisation Society has been the subject. a.? it seems t o me. of much umerited odium? of indifference equally unmerited, on the part of the ma jority ol the community? of the deep interest which it deaenea, on the part of a very few. Its operation, are yet in their infancy. They are confined to the proceed ings ol an association of private individuals, pursuing the noiseless tenor of their way, without ostentation or eclat at home, and to the humble fortunes of the email Mate, the germ of a Republic, which, under the auspice* of this association, has been planted on the coa-t of Africa. But before we deride these humble j ,hink ite*travagaBt to believe tha all-important futurities may be wrapped up in them as I the mighty oak is wrapped up in the acorn? we should ?Jo well to relresh our recollection of the fir-t twenty-five i jfCai>? ot tin* settlement at Jamestown, or Ciill to mind that llr-vt ilUmal winter at 1 iy mouth, where more than the el IT ''- TTv." c,oml*ny sunk "cd. r the rigors ol the thnute and the infinite sufferings of their forlorn adventure. Mr, neither Plymouth nor Virginia at the ! t nd oftweuty-tiye years, had attained anything li?e such I a position as is already occupied by Liberia, in the family ' of nation ? recognized as she has been, bv the irib,t I jow?rf> 1 governments of Eurojie, and sustaining all the 1 relations ol an independent State. First, the settlement o! Liberia, on the coast of Africa i under the auspices of the Colonization Society was found- f ?d on a political and moral necessity. As the measures I adoptiHl for the suppressiqp of the African slave trade ! ?d to the capture ol -Live -hips it was necessary that I provisiou ahouldbe made for restoring the captured Afri <ani to their native counlry. To return "ach to the vil > lage where he was bom. was impossible-collected, as theyare from every portion of the interior, and often ! brought down to the coast from vast distances, all thought ' <rf restoring them, at least immediately, to their several i homes, was out of the question. To place them down atanv ?of the usual resorts on the coast of Africa, would be to ! throw them imck at once into the power ofthe native chiefs, > ho are the chief agents tor carrying on the foreign trade A tjeuieuient on some point ofthe coast, protected by the ?influence of the name of a ,?werful civilized State, seemed therefore, an indispensable condition of all measures for jvpres-lng tbe foreign trade, from the necessity of furnish irig nn nayinm to the victims that might be r?cued from lt8Pt wh^re they might be received, aXihelterod, ?and civiUied. and gia'Uially perhaps find their way into the Interior to their native tribes. Allied to this object , , 'jrly WUh one stiU moru important, because a p jilicabie to a much larger number of persons, and that was to a II Old a home in Africa to such Iree men of color in "this countr. as were dc-irous of emigrating to the native land or their fathers. This object, at lir>t. approved it * elf almost unanimously at the South and at the Yorth t<> the white and the colored races. Jealousies by degrees crept in? prejudices, sol must think them? arose, till at I length the colony has become intensely unpopular with a i consider a ble part ol those whose interest was one of ' the leading objects of the formation of the society I .Now sir. I do not intend to discuss the ground of these .jealouses. nor to inquire into the policy of the laws ol' mime States, and the condition of public opinion? often I more powerful than law? in others, which make the con > ?litiori ol the free colored man in all parts of the country j one of luieriority and hardship. In order to meet the objections to the society, that it recognizes and co-ope | tales with these oppressive laws and a still more op jiressive public opinion. I will admit such to be the I character of the legislation and the public -entiment of the country, in reference to the free colored |H>puliitioii of | the country. Hut does this furnish any valid practical ] nrgunieiit against Colonisation r Does the fact that the free colored man is unjvstlv treated in this country? that he is oppressively exclodeu from all the eligible careers of I life in tile United State ! ? turnish any argument why he (should not resort to the region where his fathers wero born ? >o a climate more congenial with the African con ?tituti?ii? a soil more generally fertile, and one which it ifi every day becoming more probable is rich in deposites ?f gold v lor my self. 1 must own that this state of Ic tfi -Ut ion and public opinmn seems to me strong considera tion* in favor of emigration. I cannot reconcile with real kindness towards our free colored population" the at tempts which hate been made, and with considerable success lo prevent their emigrating from this country .where i heir position is one of hardship and disability, to a cot nUv whiph promises ?very iiwigiunblc ad vantage. What sort of r. kindness would it have been toward- Jie persecuted Puritans, who in ld08 composed the littl - dock which afterwards became the Pilgrim church at 1 -eyden, to endeavor to persuade them at all haxard not to leave England? Or what motive of real enlightened kindness could have prompted a similar at tempt in reference to Governor Winthrop s much larger and more efficient company in ltiyOf Would it have been the part of real friendship to go among them, and tell them they ?ere tho victims of cruel laws, and still more cruel ptej.alices ? to bid them remember that they were oorn in Kiigland, that they had as good a right to live there as their oppressors? to exhort them to stand upon their rights, and if need b?, to bleed lor them ? to depict Xhe Western continent and their probable fortunes in the aaraest < olors ? But this is the precise counterpart of the language continually addressed to the free colored putot;on of the United States, by those who claim to then peculiar friends. Or to take a case, if possible, ?ore ne .tly parallel? that of the suffering Scotch, Irish ^wiss, (i rmans, Norwegians, and others, wlio, to the numlx-r ol hundreds of thousands, annually are cmijrrat ing to the Unltod States? would it be deemed an act of friendship, or ratlier of refined cruelty or at least of nwwt im. taken kindness, to go smong thifsuirering oopu la lion of these several countries, whose thoughts are turned towards America as a land of refuge and plenty and endea.or to dissuaile them, kindling in their minds a morbid |?trintism ? a bitter nationality ? urging them to rstav and starve, rather thsn And employment pedtloo. and prosperity for themselves and children en Ok side erf the Atlantic? Second ? Hut I must pass to another very important ob ,ieet of the Colonization Society in establishing the colony of IJberia. and that is the effectual suppression of the ?slave trade throughout its extent, and within the sphere of Its influence It is grievous t? reflect, that contem peraneoi. dy with the discovery of our own continent, and from motives of kindness to Its natives, the whole west ern coaat of Africa was thrown open to that desolating traffic which from (iinn immemorial had been carried on frvm (he poils of the Mediterranean, by the Kile, ?nd along the eastern coasts of tne continent il k *UU Bit** paigfitl M ooaaiUcr tbat Ui? very pariod , at which the modern culture of the West of Kuropo wan making tlw moot rapid progre.ii, in that at which Africa began to Buffer the most from its coi nection with Europe. It wa* thi' age of Shaksneare, of Sponsor, of Hooker, and Ixtrd Bacon, of thos#- other bright* it nuih in tho flriiia merit of England's glory, that her navigators first engaged in thin detestable traffic, and veasels, bearing, an if in de rision, the venerable names of Jesus and Solomon, were Kent from Great Britain to the coast of Africa. At a time 1 when some of the last remnants of the feudal system w-re broken down in Kngland and France, when private ? ar bad wholly ceased, when men began to venture from the covert of the walled town*, and traverse the high roadi and live in the ojmn countri in safety ? them very States, the moot civilized in Europe, began to struggle for the monopoly of that cruel trade, which was carried on exciting the barbarous races of Af rica to new fury against each other, and by intro ducing a state of universal war, not uerely between nation and nation, but between tribe and tribe, vil lagc and village, and almost between house and home. In fact it is not without example that these benighted beings have delivered tlieir wives and children to the slave dealers Thus, tho Western coast of Africa lwi am o, like the Northeastern and Eastern coaats, one great .ilave market, and so remained lor nearly three centuries. It is now about seventy years since the powers of Christendom, excited to activity by philanthropic operations and bene volent individuals, began the warfare upon this cruel traffic The American colonies, before their independence, |iassed laws for its abolition, which were uniformly negatived by the crown. The revolutionary Congress, in the first year of its existence, denounced the traffic, and the constitution of the United States appointed a date for its prospective abolition. This example has beon successfully followed by other States. Tho trade is now forbid' n by the laws of every Chris tian and most of the Mohameiian powers of Europe and Asia. It still exists, however, to a frightful extent, and the more active the means used to suppress it by block ade. and cruisers, the greater the cruelty incident to its practice by crowding the slave ships with a greater nura iter of victims. ? Such being the case, many of those in England who have taken the greatest interest in the sup pression of the traffic, have seriously proposed to aban don tho system of blockados and scruisers, aud resort to other ex|>edients; ami of these, unquestionably, none can be compared for efficiency willi tho settlement of the coast. Where\ era colony is founded by England, Krance or America, the traffic is broken up, not merely for that extent of coast, but the whole interior region which found an outlet through it. In this way the traffic has been wholly suppressed for an extent of at least one thou sand miles, from the northern extremity of the jurisdic tion of Sierre Leone to the southern bounds of Liberia. It is necessary only to look at the map to see what an important extent of coun try has been rescued in this way from the direst scourge which ever afllicted humanity. The la it of the ancient slave marts, Gallinas, has been latel} purcliased and brought within the limits of Liberia. Along a line of coast not less extensive than that from Maine to Georgia, from every bay and within tho shelter of every hoadUnd of which this traffic was carried on within tho memory of man, the slave trade has been wholly rooted out. Wiiat could not t>e effected by Congresses of Sovereigns at Vienna or Aix la Chapelle, by quintuple treaties, or by squadrons of war steamers, has been brought about by these feeble colonial settlements, of which that of Liberia has been obliged to struggle its way into permanence, of late, without the co-opcrution, almost without tho tolera tion. of the government ? drawing its supplies almost ex clusively from the peronnial fountains of Christian benevolence. I repeat, Sir, where \ or these settlements have been founded the slave trade has disappeared, and, a* we may trust, for ever. II seems to me that if no other benefit were anticipated trom their extension, that this alone would constitute an all-powerful motive. What object in liie, in this country, or in any country, can an individual of African descent propose to himself at all lo be compared with that of forming, in his own person, a part of that noble line of defence by w hich the shores of his native land are to bo forever barred against the desolating traffic? But, great as is tlie importance of this Object, it yields in interest to another connected with it, but far more comprehensive and momentous ? and that is the civilization of Africa. The condition of the African continent is a reproach to the civilization of the world. With an extent nearly three times that of Europe, a considerable portion of the known regions of great fertility, teeming with vegetable and animal life ? traversed by lofty ranges of mountains, which send down from their sides the tributaries of noble rivers ? connected by the Mediterranean on the north, both with the ancient and modern culture of Europe ? tho western shores reposing on the Atlantic ocean, the great highway of civilization, tho southeastern running with in a near proximity to our own continent ? the eastern coasts spread out io the commerce of India, and tlie whole Oriental world ? while tlie Bed Sea and the Nile throw open the approaches of the Asiatic continent ? it would seem that by natural endowments and geographical position, it was destined to be the emporium mid garden of the earth. Man only, throughout these vast regions, has remained in arrears in the great progress of humani ty. and insteud of keeping pace with his fellow nvn in other parts of the world, has been so much depressed by various caures of degeneracy, as finally to have come under a suspicion of natural infirmity, of which I must own I have no belief. I have no doubt that among the numerous races of Africa, as of the other continents, there are great diversities of intelligence, from tho war like politic tribes of the central plateau to the broken down, enfeebled hordes on the banks of the Congo, and the squalid, scarcely human Hottentot. But it may bo doubted whether this difference is greater than between the Ijiplander, the Gipsy, and the Calrnuc, on tho one hand, and the best and brightest specimens of humanity to be found in Europe and America, on the other. What, then, is tho cause of the continued uncivilization of Africa '( And without pretending to pry too curiously into the myste ries of Providence, it seems to me that a sufficient cause may be found in some peculiar circumstances in tho his tory and geography of this continent. It seems a law of human progress, which, however difficult toexplain, is too well sustained by facts to be doubted, that tho first ad vances out of barbarism must be made under the intlu ence of culture from abroad. Thus, the germs of improve ment were brought from Egypt and Syria to Grew ? from | (Jrcecc.to Home ? from Koaie to the West and North of Europe ? from Europe to America ; and they are now on their way from our continent to the remotest island* of the Pacific. To what extent the aboriginal element shall be borne ilown and overpowered by the foreign Influences, or enter into kindly combination with them, depends upon the moral and intellectual developemcnt of both parties. The native race may be so apt for improvement as to harmonize promptly and kindly with the cultivated strunger* ? this was the ca.se with the early Greeks ? or the disparity may lie so great, that no kindly union between them is practicable, and the native tribes slowly and silently retreat before the new comers. This has been the case with the native races of our own continent, who have found it all but im possible to embrace our civilization. Now, in reference to this law of our social nature, the dilllculty in Airica has been two fold. First, that the inhabitants of the other quarters of the globe, who had obtained the start in the race of improvement, and might have proved the instructors and guides of the native races, were all deeply concerncd ina tratlic with the continent of Africa, which, instead of tending like other branches of commerce, to mutual improvement, and especially to the elevation of the inferior party, is, of all barbarizing agents, the most poisonom- and deadly. In this way foreign trade, which bas usually been the medium through which the more cultivated foreign race has gradually introduced itself to a mutually beneficial intercourse with the less advanced tribes, has been to Africa, from the dawn of history to the present day, the all powerful agent "of internal civil war, anarchy, and social disorganization. This has beeu onrc causis of her milking so little progress in civilization. Another, is her climate ? her mighty equatorial expanse, a more exten give tract of land between the tropics than in all the rest of the (tIoIm' ? her fervid vertical sun, burning down iTpon the rank vegetation of her fertile plains, and rendering her shores anil watercourses pestiferous to a foreign consti tution. This peculiar geographical character seems again to shut her out from the ordinary approaches of civiliza tion. Common inducements of commercial giiin are too weak to tempt the merchant to these feverous districts. Nothing but a taste for adventure, approaching to mania, attracts the traveller, and when Christian benevolence lures the devoted missionary to this Held of .labor, it lures him too often to his doom. Hare, then, we see i. union of influences which seem to s4B the fate of unhap py Africa as an abouiinaliiin of desolation. Hut, now, mark and reverence the providence of God, i during out of these natural disadvantages of climate ? disadvantages to man's apprehension ? and this co IoskiiI moral wrong, the African slave trade, out of these seemingly hopeless elements of physical and moral evil ? out of long cycles of sutleriug and crime, of vio lence and retribution, such as history can nowhere par allel ? educing, I say, from these elements, by the blessed nlchymy of Christian benevolence, the nieuns of the ulti mate regeneration of Africa. The aroused conscience of Christendom denounces the slave trade, but not till it has existed for three centuries, and filled a portion of the Western hemisphere w ith five or six millions of the de scendants of Africa, of whom about a million and a half, in the islands and on the continent, have, from time to time, beceme free; though born and reared under circum stances unfavorable to mental culture, yet still partak ing, in the main, of many ot the blessings of civilization and Christianity, amply qualified, as Liberia has shown, to convey those blessings to the native land of their fathers. Thus, at the moment when the work itself is ready to be sommenced, the chosen instruments are pre pared. Do I err in the opinion that the same Providence which has arranged or permitted this mysterious sequence of events, is calling and inviting them to the auspicious work. All other moans have been tried in vain. Private adventure has miscarried ? strength, and courage, and endurance almost superhuman, havo languished and bi< ken down ? well appointed expeditions, fitted out under the auspices of powerful association* and powerful go vejnirwnts, have ended in calamitous failure, and it is ptoved at last that the Caucasian race cannot achieve this long deferred work. When that last noble expedition which was sent out from England, I think iu the year 1841, under the highest auspices, to found an agricultural settlement in the interior of Africa, ascended the Niger, every white man out of oiy hundred and fifty sickened, and all but two or three, if my memory serves me, died, while of their dark skinned associates, also one hundred and fifty In number, with all tho added labor and anxiety that de volved upon them, a few only were sick, and they were individuals who had passed years in a temperate climate, and not one died. 1 ssy again, sir. you Caucasian, you proud Anglo-Saxon, you self-sufficient, all attempting white man, yon cannot civilise Africa ? you have subdued and appropriated Europe- the native races are melting liefore you in America, as the nntlmely snows of April before a vernal sun; you have possessed yourself of India; you menace China and Japan; the remotest isles of the Pacific are not distant enough to escape your ?rnpp, nor insignificant enough toelode vour notice; but entral Africa confronts yon, and bkfs von defianoe. > Tow squftUrowi n*/ ntnga Of Wo?i?d? Lot coast, but neither on the errands of peace or the errands of war can you penetrate to the interior. The God of nature, no doubt for wise purposed, however inscrutable, has drawn across the chief inlet-, a cordon you cannot break through. You may hover on the coast, but vou dare not set foot on shore. Death sit* portress at the undefended gateways ot her mud-built village,* ? yellow and intermittent fevers, blue plague*, and poisons that you can see as well as feel, await your approach. As you asccnd the rivers, pestilence shoots from the mangroves that fringe their noble hanks, and the glorious sun, which kindles all inferior nature into teeming, bursting life, dorts disease into your languid systen>. No, you are not elected for this momentous work. The great Disposer in another branch of his family has chosen out a race? deceudants of this torrid region, children of this vertical ?un( ? and fitted them by ages of stern discipline, for the gracious achievement. "From foreign realms, and lands remote, supported by his care. They pass unharmed through burning climes, and breathe the tainted air." Sir, I believe that the auspicious work Is begun; that Africa will be civilized? civilized by her returning oltspring and descendants; 1 believe it, because 1 will u<>t think that this mighty and fertile region is to remain for ever in its present slate ? because 1 can see no other agency adequate to the accomplishment of the work, and 1 do beheld in this agency a most mysterious fitness. I am aware that dou'.ts are entertained of the practica bility of the work, founded, in part, on the supposed in capacity of the civilized men of color in this country to carry on an undertaking of this kind, and partly on the mu| iiosed hopeless barbarism of tlio native races, which is thought by some persons to be so gross as to defy the approach of improvement. 1 beliove both opinions to be erroneous. It would, I think, be unjust to urge, as a proof of the intellectual inferiority of the civilized men of color in this country, that they have not made much intellectual progress. It appears to me that they have done quite as much as could Ik> expected under the depressing circumstances in w hich they have been placed. What branch of the Eu ropean family, if held in the same condition for three centuries, would not be subject to the same reproach? Mr. Jefferson, in his Notes on Virginia, urges the intel lectual infirmity of the African nice, as existing in the United States." He might have been led to doubt the justice of his conclusions, by reflecting that in the very same work he thinks it necessary to vindicate the race to which we ourselves belong, from a charge of degener acy. made by an ingenious French writer. Why, sir, it is but a short time since we Anglo-Americans wore habitu ally spoken of by our brethren in England, as a degene rate and iuferior race. Within thirty years it has been contemptuously aAed in the liberal journals of Europe, in reference to the natives of the country of Franklin and Washington, and Adams and Marshall, and Jefferson anil Madiion, of Irving, l'rcscotl, Bancroft, Ticknor, Bry ant and Longfellow, ''Who reads an American book?" In the face of facts like these, it becomes us to bo some what cautious in setting down the colored race in Ame rica as one of hopeless inferiority. Again, sir, it is doubted whether there is in the native races of Africa, a basis of im provability, if I may use that worfl, In which a hope of their future civilization can be grounded. It is said thai they alone, of all the tribes of the earth, have shown themselves incapable of improving their condition. Wei), sir, who knows that? Of the early history of our race we know but little, in any part of the globe. A dark cloud hangs over it. The whole north and wept of Europe, till the Roman civilization shone in upon it, was as benighted as Africa is now. It is quite certain that, at a very early period of the history of the world, some of the native races of Africa had at tained a high degree of culture. Such was the case of the ancient Egyptians, a dark colored race, though not of what we call tne negro ty|ie. They are considered the parents of much of the civilization of the Greeks, and, indeed, of the whole ancient world. As late as the fifth century, before the Christian era, I'lato passed thir teen years in studying their sacred records. The massive monuments of their cheerless culture hare with stood the storms of time, better than the more graceful creationfj of Grecian art. Races that emerged from barbar i?m later than those of Africa liave with fearful vicissitudes on the pert of individual States acquired and maintained a superiority over .Africa ; but I am not prepared to say that it rests on nat ural causes of a final aud abiding character. We are led into error by contemplating things too much in the gross. There aro tribes in Africa which have made no contemptible progress in various branches of human improvement. On they other hand, if we look closely at the condition of the mass of the population in Europe, from IJabon to Archangel, from the Hebrides to the Black sea ? if we turn from the fitv who postess wealth or competence, education, culture, and that lordship over nature and all her force* which be longs to .instructed mind? if we turn from these to the benighted, destitute, oppressed, superstitious, abject millions whose lives are passed in the hopeless toils of the field, the factory, the mine ? whose inheritance is beg - gui v, who*? education is stolid ignoraiicc ? at whoso daily table hunger and thirst are the stewards ? whose rare fes tivity ii brutal intemperance ? if we could count their numbers, gather into one aggregate their destitution of the joys of life, aud thus estimate the full exteLt of the practical barbarism of the nominally civilized world, we should be inclined, perhaps, to doubt the essential supe riority of the present improved European raoe. If it be essentially sujierior, why did it remain so long un impioved? The Africans, you say, persevered in their original barbarism for five thousand years. Well, the Anglo Saxon race did the same thing for nearly four thousand years ; and in the great chronology of Providence, a thousand years are but as one day. A little more than ten centuries ago, and our Saxon ancestors were not more civilized than some of the African tribes of the present day. They were savage, warlike people ? pirates by sea, bandits on shore, enslaved by the darkest superstitions, worshipping di vinities as dark and cruel as themselves; and the slave trade was carried on in Great Britain eight hundred years ago as rufhlefsly as upon the coast of Africa at the present day. But it pleased Divine Providence to pour the light of Christianity upon this midnight darkness. By degrees, civilization, law, liberty, letters and arts came In. ana at the end or eight centuries we talk of the essential inborn superiority of the Anglo-Saxon race, ami look down with disdain on those portions of tlic human family who have lagged a little behind us in the march of civilization. Sir, at the present day, Africa id not the abode of utter Imi liarisui. Here, again, we do not discriminate ? we judge in the gross. Some of her tribes are, indeed, hopelessly broken dowu by internal wars and the foreign slave trade, and (he situation of the whole continent is exceedingly advene to any progress in culture. But they are not savages ? the mass of the population live by agriculture; there is come traffic between the coast and the interior; there is a rude architecture; gold dust is collected, iron is smelted, weapon*, and utensils of husbandry and house hold use are wrought, cloth is manufactured and dyed, palm oil is expressed, ami schools are taught. Among fee Malioinedau tribes the Koran is read. I have seen a native African in this city w ho had passed forty years of liia life as u slave in the field, who, at the age of seventy, w rote the Arabic character with the elegance of a scribe. And Miingo I'ark tells us that lawsuits are argued with lis much ability, fluency, and at as much length, in the interior of Africa, as at Kdinburgh. I certainly am aware that the condition of the most advanced tribes of (Yntral Africa is wretched, mainly in consequence of the slave trade, which exists among them in the most de plorable form. The only wonder it, Unit with this cancer iiiting into their vitals from age to age, any degree of chili7ation ran exist. But I think it may lie said, with out exaggeration, that, degraded as aro the ninety mil lions of Africans, ninety millions exist in Kurope, to which each country contributes her quota, not much less degraded. 1 he difference is. and certainly an all important difference, that in Europe, intermingled with those ninety millions, are fifteen to twenty millions, possessed of all de grees of culture, up to the very highest; while in Africa there is not an individual who, according to our standard, has attained a high degree of intellectual cultivation; but if obvious causes for this can be shown, it is unphiloso pliical to infer from it essential incapacity. Hut all doubts of the capacity of the African race for self government, and of their improvability under favorable circumstances, seem to me to be removed by what we witness at the present day, both in our own country and on the coast of that continent. Notwithstanding the dis advantages of their condition in this country, specimens of intellectual ability, the talent of w riting and speaking, capacity for business, for the ingenious and mechanic*! arts, for accounts, for the ordinary branches of acadom ieiil learning have lieen exhibited by our colored brethren which would do no discredit to Anglo-Saxons. Hau Cufter, well recollected in New England, was a person of great energy. H'" fath?r was an African slave ? his mother an Indian of the Elizabeth Islands, Mass. I have a! ready alluded to the extraordinary attainments of Abderra hanian ? a man of better manners or more respectable ap pearance I never saw. The lenrned blacksmith of Alabama, now in Liberia, has attained a celebrity scarcely inferior, to that of his white brother known by the same de.--.igna (ion. I frequently attended the examinations at a schoo in Cambridge, at which Ueverley Williams was a pupil. Two youths from Georgia, aud a son of my own. were his fellow pupils, Heverley was a born slave in Mississippi, and apparently of pure African blood. He was one of the best scholars ? perhaps the best Ijitin scholar ? in his class. Thene are indications of intellectual ability, afforded under discouraging circumstances at home, (in the coast of Africa, the success of Liberia (the creation of this society) ought to put to rest all doubts on this question. The affairs of that interesting settle ment, under great difficulties and discouragements, have been managed with a discretion, an energy, and 1 must say, all things considered, with a success! which au thoriz.es the most favorable inferences as to the capacity of the colored races for self government. It is about thirty years >lnee the settlement began, and I think it must be allowed that its progress will compare very favorably with that of Virginia or I'lymouth. after an equal length of time. They have established a well organized constitution of republican government. It is administered with ability; the courts of justice are modelled after our own. They have schools and churches. The soil is tilled, the coun try Is explored, the natives are civilized, the slave trade is banished, a friendly intercourse is maintained with for eign powirs, and England and France have acknowledged their independent sovereignty. Would a handful of An Slo- Americans from the humblest classes of society here, o better than this f The truth is, Mr. President, and with this I conclude an influence has been, and I trust ever will be, at work through the agency of the colony at Liberia, and other similar agencies, I trust, hereafter to be added, abundantly competent to effect this great undertaking, and that is the sovereign power of Christian love. Ab i sir, this after all is sometimes resisted and sub dued?commercial enterprise becomes bankrupt, State po licy is outwitted, but in the long run, pure, man ly, rather let me say heavenly, love can never fail. It is the moral aentiment, principally under the guidance and impulse of religious teal, that has civilised the world. Arm*, end craft, and mammon, seire their opportunity end mingle in the work, but oannot kill Ite vitality. That ?4C ook?{*4 UeUiM, equally with ourselves, are sweep mission, I wil] revest it ? that, with your per jaaa. with hi" Knl .tartMfo'r ?r ^ ^ fcnprove hi* not prosperous riro . ^*'lforni?, honing to golden barren t of tlSt region Hi lh*r^? t*?? ?ueceaaful, but the healthirf the m. ? "ll they were What, in that dirtant u?T.Vter at '".'Kth WW. bidding slaverv, and In that new mnrf* conHt"?tion for sooiety what wan the conduct of the Levite, an the master lav ill of ? Priert and looked on him, and nas^d br fe\eJ- "me and faithful servant teud^ w?teh?S * otixer Hide. Uut the master, by dav and bv'niirht hi pr? ^ *"? "tricken friend.' It leirfh "Xft! ?U?' a!ld conduct of the slave .. i What, then, was the vastes, by th??3, of hL ^ ?\ tl,08? had nerved)1 He dug his decent ,U? /ft1 Sphered up the fruit h of thl i * goMen (these he considered the sacred property o^fc? m ??? "S? tss She the truth of the story , eannot rouch for "'.fa " s?i omiK,?" Zt7?^eri*T'"'s i' ? ? ?r. '4S mine it, j Woi,ld */v forg?'ten, dare pro porifh. Of firrtunati aJoJil* ?,m?rT ?hall never J?"* nulla die* un quam . carmi? Tfiere is a moral ?eulthiiwi,?? ?*"* tmmH ana. cured of California. If all the ?irt ^?Sd th<l trea' yielded to the indomit*hla in? i ? I? a'rpa;iy and all that ,he yeT loek? ?f t-he ^venturer, the virgin chambers of her sn? ,CUf."dfty of ""an in molten into one ingot it woiiM nVi. "'crras, were all of that hcene. Sir Heave "n , bu{ th? moraI WOI"th I have told you? yo'u knew it ?, l wn u aPPl'cation. As^stsSsaassrassat^ SKISS.1" ?? 4 nl/i?lon S4"5?T Ji" 5,.?'?,;" " lb? Colo guarded against' fan?tii? i"* H0cicty should be the equally fanatic adloc!te of "u??n 0? ^ ,,n'1 good, on the other. slavery as an abstract The society then adjourned. F>om Washington City. INKWKOEMKNT, BTC. AMKRItA-A PATK.NT tracUL COKJUSPONDlWat or THK NKW V0R, HKIUU, a ... WAflOTNOTO-X, Jan 18 1853 ?g?S?o Drai?f D,isap,,rehen',ion to exist with Sitlon ^. KC'T n W'th thf nPW "rinneli poinU'dtoit iHabrtuf^'?'e,l that he has been ap ?.? .w. command by the Secretary of the Navy !vn?? ?*' ^ 'n C0IIlpUance *ith ^e request of Lady Ka.'eo' ?*Crptary of the Navy ha, permitted Dr Kane to place himself under the orders of Mr. (Jriunell and in order that he shall receive his full pny a* a ?ur C^h mtoaZ'WS atUCl'ed t0lhe "Potion, has cauac-d h.m to be ratid as on what ig technically called t-peciul service. This gives him full duty pay as sunrenn z ^'sl: :zl i'rrcarr^'T c^iu?nJ1?Ueutaiant> 1 J^J1, }* l*U^. ."ndor newly rebuilt steamer Water Witch Th? ' m the expedition have been stated in vL I ?.b|,'ctl' 01 the namely, to explore Those rivers report. Congress has nm.le no appropriation for th pOMMt,>,'V ? As the Secretary lias been unabte to exPt'.(l'tion, Keullen.cn to it, beyond wh?t th? anjr "C'entiflc themselves pre, uT *. the officprfi ?n the navy in Secretary to^iect?? P*..?* in"tructed by the pany him as ueie disenKii/ed^ml^erB0?00" to accon? has accordingly done so A m , ! necessary, and he carried alone with them ? ?'eam-engine will be h??t, and thfa ? ffi.' Inft?? ^ PUced <>u a "null places where the ater t, t^T ^ very serviceable in and the curn nt X ^ ?t f?T th\Ur?er boat, 1'age has not vet received hi, Hn ^ i .a row bo"t will simply embrace directil!nu ? in"truct.on,s but they the enter, ke,^ such other the ""j"61" ot Commander Himrvold's innuL i Jl* as are utiua' ready for sea aii^ it in ? rtaut expedition is nearly month. * U iH ex^ted will sail during thin Alhiiny Iron Works have infriJ i u Company, of the machinery for making h^"k 3i,^r ?.urden'H Patented construction of railroad. A ? 4 used in the l>een issued with ord^rw perpetual injunction has Which it is saTd wiuTamoun" ^ dnma^' ?and dollars r two hundred thou L x Y. z. KKMO"\ ALB AND A Pro I \TM KVTQ TUDm.. "m ""JST. * ?TOM A RgUUIAR IX)RRnP(>NnK<(T against Jj-avtus Corninir'an,! 'J, M,ln"''act"ring Company lege<l infrinKement on% ^ t?,er"' of New York, for af the manufacture of raiWl s P?tent funding lever, in given in the L'nited "P'ke^ the decision wa.-i leversing the decision ot tho rrf^tT ! ?llrt ,hili morning, pe^tJl injunTt'Tto'be'^ued^ bel?"r' "nd d"('('tin? a Ileale! m^er'of ,CU?r froni Mr ?'Virginia, declining a re-election f ourteenth ^"trict Hon. I.wis leaving hia family thwrAfn*. .^a>*na? with tho view of leturned with tli'em to Kev ww"6- of,heir health, has alarming prevalence of the small ,>?>v CO"""'|"(;nfo the >ana. smallpox and cholera at Ha "SBsra^ssg.^^- *~r. u. ?f"" Th" S,at" Falton""w Havana, last night. The health of the Hun W K irin? tut "on. w. k. King was improving. Itema from Concord. DEMOCRATIC CONQREMSIONAL NOMINATION? ABOLI TION MOVEMENTS. ETC. Concord, Jan. 18. 1853. Hon. George W. Morrison, of Manchester. ?u to <lay nominated at the dcmocrati? Congressional Convention, held in Manchester. to be supported in March, an the do mocratic candidate in this. the Second district, under the new revision. He received 145 votes, the whole number. There was a majority of between 100 and L'OO against the democrats last year, in this district. Messrs. Foster and Pillsburv. the abolition lecturers have taken the stump in this State, to open the way for llalc. Tuck tc Company, preparatory to the March elec tion. Abolition and the Maine liquor In w are to lie the ssues. Uncle Tom's Cabin is the principal electioneering document. The new gas *orks were put in operation In this place last evening. Another Serious Railroad Accident, Sic. Bi.vuhahto.v, Jan. 18, 1353. The day express train on the Erie Railroad, while passing the Campville station, ' bound east, came in collision with au engine which was standing on the iwitcli between the two tracks. A11 the ears were thrown off the trsick, and several passengers were severely bruised, but it Is thought none were dangerously injured. A lire was discovered last night in one of the cells of ilie jail under the court house in this place. It was ex ?jnguished before much damage was done, and lit supposed to have been the work of one of the prisoners. Brie Railroad Freight Depot Burned. Gokhr*, Jan. 18, 1853. A fire broke out in the oil room of the freight depot of the Erie Railroad at Delaware, and the building was en tiroly consumed, with a large amount of freight. The loss 1* estimated at 95,000. Itema from the South. CIOLKRA AMONO KMIO HANTS FOR I.IBERIA? GREAT MORTALITY ? THE PNITED STATES STKAMEll WATER WITCH, ETC. Rai.tivorx. Jan. 18. IBM. The mall is 'Hrftngh from New Orleans a* late as due: Bark Zebra, v .oh sailed from New Orleans oa the 1st Inst., for Liberia, put into Savannah on Saturday, with the cholera on board. The Captain and twenty seven emigrants had died, and many of the crew and passen gers were sick. The U. 8. steamer Water Witch, arrived here from Washington on Hundav, is taking in stores, and will sail in a few dars for Rio oe la I1ata. Colonel Hebert, Governor elect of liOuislana, was reco re ring. His disease was a brain fever. The Cold Weather, dft. Raltimom, Jan. 18? P. M. The weatber is colder, and snow is falling fast. Bootoh, Jan. 18? P. M. Know has fallen steadily since noon to day C'iviRn Jsn 18 18.W. The woatber is moderating. Th? tharmnmetor is now It.tt. Uw via d m *0' Uiwe?t, and it U savw'-of a UtU, Intrrritlng from Albany. BTtUTAL (UIUUMfOMUKNO OK TUK NKW TOHK HKKAM>. CABINET SPECULATIONS? CUKIOUS LETTKKH ON THKIK WAY TO CONCORD, ETC. A ! JUST Jan 18, 1863. It may not be generally understood by the public that at the meeting of elector* in thin city, on the 1st of De cember last, a carefully and ingeniously prepared letter ? which was culled a letter of congratulation ? wan present ed to, and signed by, some twenty -two or twenty-three of the elector*. It in contended, and was doubtless ho in tended by thoite who got it up, an indicating a preference for pome persou other than the Hon. Daniel S. Dickinson for a place in Gen. Pierce's cabinet, from this State, and pointing to another individual, although no person wan named. Thin ban called forth from the democracy of the State an expression in favor of Mr. Dickinson, which must be regarded ax very emphatic. Several of the electors who nigned the letter of congratulation, join in thin ex pression. It consists, first, of about two thirds of the electoral districts, speaking either through the electors themselves, or the committees who made them; second, a decided majority of the delegates to the State Oonven tion held at Syracuse on the first day of September last, which nominated Horatio Seymour for Governor, and formed the electoral ticket; third, n majority of the de mocratic members of the Senate; fourth, a majority of the democratic members of the Assembly; fifth, letters from the leading influential national democrats from all parts of the Slate. These are regarded as the most au thentic, reliable, and authoritative expressions which c.iu be made of the wishes of the democracy of the State. These documents are on the way to Concord. Siuha. LEGISLATIVE BUSINESS ? DAY LOST BY TUB SENATE ?VUII IN THE ASSEMBLY- -THE TAXING OK MIN ISTERS ? THE CANAL QUESTION, ETC. Albamy, Jan. 18, 1863. The Senate was in session only lialf an hour to day after prayers. Upon reaching the general orders, the Senate went into committee, Mr. Conger in the chair. On the bill to authorize the consolidation of railroads, Mr. Wright, turning over his tiles, remarked that the bill was not before him. ami, .as he knew nothing of its merits, was not prepared for action. Other Senators also stated that no copy was on their flies ? so the com mittee rone. The next bill was for the formation of building associations, when several Senators found them selves deficient in copies of that bill. This was also abandoned, and a discussion arose, in which the messen ger boys were strongly reprimanded. The Sergcant-ut Arms being responsible for not keeping the files complete from day to day, Mr. Fierce moved that the Senate ad journ over for the day, in order to give that officer time to get the flies in order. So the day was lost, because hall' a do/en men. and as many l?oys, at three dollars a day, did not attend to their business. A friend tells me that the Lieut. Governor administered a severe reprimand to some of the officers. In the House there was any amount of sport and spar ring ? sport from the gravest of subjects, that of de liberating whether ministers of the gospel should be lia ble to taxation. The law now exempts a property to the amount of (1.000, owned by clergymen, from taxation. A petition was presented asking for a rejieul of that law. The Judiciary t^iuimittee reported against the repeal, which dissatisfied the House. Mr. lltudce, (whig,) of livingston county, mnved to re commit the bill, but it was thought unnecessary, as that committee had already reported against it. Mr. Itur rouglis,(ind. dem.) of Orleans, Ina facetious mood, moved to refer the bill to the Committee on Commerce. the chairman of which is Mr. Dau. Taylor, as they probably had more leisure than any other, This was a king at the Speaker. Mr. Taylor remarked that if his friend Mr. burroughs, knew the amount of business on hia hands, he would not attempt to heap further bnalMM upon him. He had referred to him several petitions from Sarunao river, (the modern Salt river.) which is now considered an important stream, and he meant to Keep it in naviga ble order for the use of many of his whig friends who are now on its watem. The bill was finally referred to a select committee, and the Sneaker himself, ha \ ing become im bued with the playful spirit of the Hon.- e, immediately announced ns the Select Committee Messrs. Taylor, Bur roughs and Uendce. Then camc up Senator Coo'ey's joint re solutions for a Canal Committee. Although tliey jiassed almost unani mously in the Senate, they met with strong opposition in the Home. This body did not seem willing to tie its own hands. A debate occurred for an hour and a half, but no vote was taken. Mr. Cooley was present, watching the movements with lunch apparent interest. Mr. Kennedy introduced a bill to prevent the railroad companies from giving free tickets. The gentleman should he immediately attended to. Will the President of the Hudson River. Harlem anc Krie, and Ceutral line, look into the matter promptly. The ,-ame gentleman will devise a plan whereby employers will be compelled to pay their workmen all their wages every Saturday night. Mr. A. C. Hall is about entering the legal profession. Ho offered a resolution to day authorizing the Clerk of the House to furulsh all the member?, with copies of the Re vised Statutes at the expense of the State. The Wotnun's State Temperance Society have permission to use the As sembly Chamber on Friday ; much Itlooiner eloquence If expected to be displayed, as many of the female orators of the day will be pnsent. The nominations of Mr. Ogden. of Penn Yan, for Canal Appraiser, and Mr. Uriggs. of Syracuse, for Superinten dent of the Salt. Springs, are to be acted upon to-day in the Senate. New York State Temperance Convention. COMBINED MOVEMENT RKCOMMKNDEI* TO COMPEL THE LEGISLATURE TO I' ASS AN ANTI-LKJUOK LAW, ETC. Albany, Jan. 18, 1863. The State Temperance Convention assembled at the Baptist Church, on State street, this morning. 11. Camp. President, took the chair, and the Rev. 11. S. Crampton and H. McAllister were appointed secretaries pro tun. Messrs. W. H. Burleigh and J. C. Crocker, of Albany, S. P. Townsend and C. G. Warren, of New York, ami seven others, were appointed a business committee. 'Ihe President delivered an able address on the present aspect and position of the temperance cause, uud the al?olute necessity of le^ul enactments to suppress the traffic in liquor. He exposed, in a masterly manner, the fallacies contained in the minority report presented to the Assembly last year. The Rev. Mr. Crampton niacjo some forcible remarks in relation to the late election, and the result of the efforts of the friends of temperuuee to elect members of the Assembly. After a few remarks by John R. Shnw, of Rensselaer, on the necessity of energetic, persevering efforts on the part of temperance men, the Business Committee reported the following resolutions, which were adopted, after having been briefly discussed by the Rev. Messrs. Cramp ton. Armstrong. Kingsbury, Henderson, Burleigh, ami others 1. ? Resolved. That, profoundly convinced as we are, that the traflic in intoxicating liquors as a beverage, is impolitic and immoral, the fruitful source of intern perance. wretchedness, pauperism, and criminality, bur dening the community with onerous taxation, and sub jecting the citizens to evils almost Innumerable, n true regard for all the great interests imperilled by it con strains us to continue our efforta for its prohibition. '1. ? Resolved. That it is the right of the puople of this State to demand from the present legislature the enact ment of a law prohibiting entirely the sale of intoxicating drinks, w ith adequate penalties and suitable provisions for Its enforcement, ami we protest against any repeal of the prei-ent license laws, except by the enactment of such a Inn. 3. ? Roohed, That, believing the question tS the pro hibition of liquor traffic of paramount importance to all ordinary political issues, we must and will regard avowed adhesion to the principle of prohibition, on the p.irt o candidate-, for the legisbiture. as indispensable to our utTragea. ami if compelled to sacrifice party, or surren der principle, we will not hesitate to do the former in obedience to the latter. 4. ? Resolved, That, If the present legislature shall ad journ without having enacted such a law as above indi cased. it w ill then lie the right and the duty of the friends ol temperance, in each Senatorial and Assembly district, to combine their influence in some efficient manner, and make the question of temjmninee the main issue in the election of the next Legislature. B. ? Resolved, That, in our opinion, no really vital prin ciple of the Maine law has been assailed in the recent ju diclal decision against the anti liquor law* of Rhode Island and Minnesota, or in the opinion of the Judges of the Su preme Court of New Hampshire. That the right of a State to protect Itself from the ewls of liquor traffic, by a prohibitory law, and the Ansequent right of seizure and destruction of the contraband article, still remains intact. For the friends of temperance, therefore, there is no occasion for desponding ? for its enemies none for exultation. The Convention adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning TKMFEKANCR MEETINGS. Thi* evening a meeting wan held at the name church, for the general di*cu**ion of the temperance question 'Ih'- church wan crowded. Two meetings were held in the nmin body of the church, and another in the lecture room. Hoquent adiire^es were delivered by the Rev. Mr. Cuy j ler. of New Jersey ; Mr. Brown, of Auhurn; Mr. Hawkiiw, of Maryland; and othera. Ureal enthusiasm wax man' fented. The Pastern and Weatern Grand Division* of the Hona of Temperance of New York are alao in aeaaion hereto night. From Boston. THK LIQt'OR LAW ? COUNTERFEITER EXAMINED, ETC. Booton, Jan. 18, 1863. The House to-day made a teat question on the order to n-peal the liquor law, and laid it on the table by a rote of 186 to 116. William W. Wilson waa examined, in the poliee court, to day, on charge* of counterfeiting bill* on the Bank of North America, Tradesnieo'a and Merchant*' Hank, alao the Housatonfc Bank, and the State Rank of Indiana. Another charge !:? for flftuntfrfteUInj filter dolHr , to live*, and d'uwi. "Hie care waa sent tip to the Municipal Court, gad had required la Murine Dtanaler*. Pnn.ADKi.PHiA, Jan. IS, 18M. The schooner J. A W. KrrWon of Philadelphia, fraa New York for Richmond, went ashore on Sunday in Tow* send'a Inlet, Cape May. Her cargo oonsUte* of rmilreat iron. The Captain and crew were tared. A letter from Berlin, Maryland, state* that the cargo of the schooner Franklin, from l'orto Rico, (before reported ashore South of Fenwick's Inland.) will be landed ia a damaged condition. Nortoui, Jan. 18, 1868. The packet schooner Columbia, henoe for New York lit instant, was s|ioken off Cape Henry yesterday, with las* of sails, A c. Boston, Jan. 18, 185S. Accounts from Holmes' Hole report that the schooner Progress, from I'ortland for Baltimore, dragged ashore- ia the gale of the 13th, but got ?f 011 the 15th, with loss of fal*e keel, ami leaking fifty strokes an hour. Hike will proceed to New Bedford to repair. The Quickest Trip to Mavannah. Savannah Jan. 18, 1868. Tlie steamship Florida, Capt. Woodhull, from New York, arriveil at the bar at halt' past nine, and at her wharf at lialf-past eleven o'clock last night, being the quickest run ever matle. Market*. Nkw Okixanh, Jan. Ik 18M Notwithstanding a heavy rain storm, the sale* of cotton to-day were 10.000 bales. ' Prices were full and firm. New mklkanh, Jan. IT, 1863. Cotton to-day Arm, sales 7.000 bales. We quote middling 8a8'.1?. Prime molasses, 22 a 23c. Barrel lnrd Is declining; sales *200 barrets, at 10c. Ohio flour dull at 84 80. Corn ? 40.000 bushels white sold at Mo. Klo coffee ? Seles 3,000 bags, at 8% a 8c. Sterling He change ? Best signatures, 8. Freights Arm. ? j iac?^j Chajowtow, Jan. 17, W68. " The sales of ootton to-day were 1,000 bales, at price* ranging from 8% a 10c. A lot of 130 bales sold ai high as 10)?c. CHAKunroN, Jan. 18, 1868. Sales of cotton to-day were 1,800 bales, at 8 to lt^O. Prices are gradually advancing. Oar Washington Correspondence. Washington, Jan. 15, 185S. Congressional Proceeding* ? Bill to Prevent Frauds on the Treasury ? dolphin Claim Defended ? Op position to the Small Notes Bill ? Their Extensile Circulation? Necessity for State Legislation ? Difficulty Attending the Bill? Required Issue of Silver Coinage ? Measures Adopted in England. The proceedings in the House, during the part week, may be summed up in the passage of the bitt to prevent frauds upon the; treasury, which originated in the Senate, and was reported by the Select Com mittee appointed to inquire as to what connection Mr. Corwin had with the Gardiner claim, with an im portant amendment, prohibiting members or ofll cers of either body from prosecuting claims again* the government, the debate on which was in a great measure confined to the attack and defence of that gentleman, and towards its close was rendered re markable by the speech of Mr. Stephens, of Georgia, during which he went into an Investigation of the Galphin claim, for the purpose of showing that when the State of Georgia obtained the possession of the mnds of the Indians within its territory it undertook to liquidate the debts due by them to Mr. Galphin, amounting to nine thousand pounds, with interest, and who contended that the only question which was to be decided when the claim was advanced, was whether the amouut should be liquidated by the General or State government. As had been anticipated, the bill to prevent the issue of small notes in the District of Columbia haa met with considerable opposition in tlitf shape ol amendments, it being universally admitted thkt the practice constitutes a serious evil, and which is more extended in its operation than was at first imagined, it appearing that a large amount of this irresponsible trash is neat away for circulation in the more distant parts of the Union. v Not only is this the case, but, as was stated during the discussion, small notes from the State of Maine were extensively clrodutod in Illinois, pending the last election, audit maybe presumed, also, in and from other States; and the attention of the different State Legislatures will probably be drawn to the sub ject as has been the case in Maryland, when, by pro hibiting the issue of notes under live dollars, and making all bank paper redeemable in apecie, the cur rency of the country may be placed on a sounder basis, and the public generally be secured against the imposition which is practised with impunity. Mr. Cartter's amendment, prohibiting the issue of ull descriptions of bank paper in the district, was ne gatived by an overwhelming majority; and very pro perly, as it is absurd to imagine that the business transactions of a community which was estimated by Mr. Bowie, of Maryland, at twenty millions of dol | lars, can be carried on without the aid of a paper I ' Tbe'biil, however, does not. meet the issue of irre sponsible notes above five dollars, except so far as it requires that they shall be redeemed in specie; and the amendment of Mr. Sackett, of New York, mi|<ht hare been introduced with advantage, which required that banks issuing notes of a higher denomination than live dollars should deposit with the Secretary of the Treasury United States stock to the extent off 1)0, 000, and that their issues should be limited to that amount, which would have afforded ample security to the public, and permitted the companies to derive an adequate profit from the interest on the amount ao deposited, and on their issues. The principal difficulty, however, arises from the contemplated sudden operation of the bill.wliich.it is contended, would enable brokers to fleece the com munity, by demanding four or five per cent for silver change during the scarcity which would thus be pro duced, and thus realise enormous gains. The more prudent course, therefore, and one that would meet this objection, would be to give the bill a prospective operation? say to postpone for a year its going into effect, so far as relates to small notes, requiring them, iu the meantime, to be redeemable in specie, and for the government at once to issue the requisite amount of silver coinage to modify the revulsion. The effect of small notes on a community is to expel a corresponding amount or specic. and, on their being withdrawn, it returns, to meet the demand in this way created. There must be n transition state, how ever, during which inconvenience will be suffered, hut which, in this instance, would be less sensibly felt if there were the issue lYoni the mint to which I have referred, with which to make payments from the treasury. . ? ... , . .. K was in this way the British government met the (I'.'i.culty of resuming specie payments in England, and the sul>scquent prohibition to issue or circulate notes of a less denomination than five pounds ster ling. As early as 1777, the issue of promissory notes lo," ii less sum was prohibited by law, and the pro hibition remained in force till 17i?7, when the govern ment prevented the Bank of England from paying M.eeie, and. with the sanction of Parliament, this prohibition whh continued till 1823 ? a period of twenty-six years, during which notes of a less amount w< ie permitted to bo issued by the bank. Ida the net directing the resumption of sjiecie pay ments was introduced by Mr. Peel, in is 19. four year* before it actually took place, in lH'23; and it was not till ls'2il that a law was enacted prohibiting the cir culation of notes under five pounds after February, 1 h2!> and which has continued in operation ever Hinec? thus allowing six years, after the resumption of specie payments, for the circulation of notes of a less value than fine pounds. In the meantime, in 18*21, a new coinage or gold had been issued, to the amount of ?14,^77.547, which > supplied the chasm made in the circulation of toe country by the reduction of the amount of Bank of England notes, and also went to replenish the vaults ot the bank, in preparation Tor the run that might he made in the resumption of specie payments, owing to which precaution the danger that had been appre heuded was passed with the greatest facility. W. Poller Intelligence. 4 Hi finsirf Servo*'.? A vou?k woman, ruined Louts* ?*rvert, ?!.* ai reated yehterday by officer KUhcr. of the Sixteenth want police, on a charge or stealing from Mr employer a rold W.itcli and jewelry, valued at $M?. It net-in* the accused wa* employed in the family of Mm. linrbara Bross, in the Hgbth avenue, Thirty fourth street, ?nil in a few day* after her engagement, (the ran oC^ taking with her the property above named. Jastioe Stuart committed the accused to priaea for trinl. Arrftt of ttvrghir* ? Two suspicion* character*, named John Willlania and l'addy Bottles, were arrested on Mn ,!?> night, by the Sixth wnrd police, charged with the perpetration of a burglary at No- 48 Orange atreet- It *eenm the rogue* broke into the basement of the aaM premises, and Mole therefrom 9 2 60. They were con veved before Justice Osborn, who committed thena t* prifon for trial. A CABO. The undersigned respectfully inform* hi* friend* ana the public that Ihe charges lately preferred sksIoM him liavo bet a f ln\e?tlft*ted bererr ,in*tioe IMmra, by vsbooi he lia- been bonowbly acquitted. .GattKO* bfOMK, UT IW ikMt