The New York herald. [volume], January 12, 1854, MORNING EDITION, Image 3

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?objects should not be disturbed tn cutting ud loading
logwood, Ac. Ia 1788, another Inttjvu concluded,
which for the first time defined the extent of oouutry
within whleh thla right of cut\Jag logwood ?houli b* en
Bd. It extended along the ooast northwardly ? few
dm, from the river Belli* to the river Hondo and It
iu expressly provided that the sovereignty shoull re
mala In Spain, and that the Britiih settler* ihoald mere
ly have the right to eat logwood, he., aid that all the
English who were dispersed, * whether on thl* Span
ish continent or in any of the Inlands whatever, dr.
pendent upon it," should at oat e abandon their establish
ments, and retire within the district jut above mentioned.
These provision* were evaded, or, a* Lord Paloeraton
*ay*: "The treaty of 1783 did not inSolently accomplish
the purpose of preventing oom plaint* aad misunderstand
ing*,'' the fast Ming, a* he add*, " that BrltUh subject*
?till lirgered 1a part* i f the Bpanlah Amerloan territo
ries. " The treaty, In troth, wa* not exeou'ed by the
British goversment, the >aaaon of whioh he sives wi'n a
kind of downrightedneu oouimendabl* for it* sincerity.
If not for lis honesly, that the dUtriet of the ooast or
Honduras assigned to British subject* by the sixth article
of the treaty of 1788, wa* too United in extent, and the
enjoyment of it too mnoh narrowed by the restriction*
oontainel in that artlele. Therefore, in order to tempt
the BrltUh government by a higher oonalderatlon, to be
faithiul to it* engagement*. another tr?aty, that of 1788,
was entered into between the partie*. It extended the
limits southwardly on the eourf from the Belli* to tie.
Bboon rlv.r, a distanoe. In a direct line, judging br the
map, of ten or t ?elve mile*. It provide* that all the
Britiih subject* ihould evacuate the Mosquito country a*
well a* the continent and the island* a-jaceat, without
exceptlrn, and alro that the English m'ght out wood*, and
>' gather *aob fruits of the earth a* are purely native and
uncultivated;" but it prohibited cultivatlonand manufac
turing establishments, witli tie exception of mill* to *aw
the timber, because all the land* In question being lulls
S* My acknowledged to belong to the orowa of
, no sett lament* of that kind, or the population
i wouM follow, eould be allowed. The British were
also permitted to u*e one small island, Bt. George's Key,
without fortilcation, for purpose* of real utility, as the
coast wan dangerous, and a duster of imall Island* eight
letgue* from the Beliae river, for a similar purpose and
with tlmllar restriction* It made expr e*a provision for
the mervatlon of "Spanish sovereignty over the
oouotry," and agalist the formation of aoy
*' system of govern nent, either ei'il or military, "
and it em|natieally dec'ared that if the Bri
tish subjects did tot evacuate the >' entire ooa
tln< nt ft Ld the Islands adjacent, ha , and return with
in the limits abevi speoified," that Is, between the riboon
and. the Hondo rivers? or should "'be so daring a* to pre
sume to endeavor to obstruct the entire evacuation," Si.,
the British government will ' disavow them in the m >?t
solemn manner, as it will eqnallydo those who may
hereafter attempt to settle upon territories belonging to
the 8pani>h dominion " No man can examine tbls brief
review without the entire oonvietion that all ths British
claimed, or could claim, wa* a mere poasessory right un
der the crrwn of Spain, for the purpose of out ting maho
gany aad logwood. These treaties prohibit, in the most
expteea terms, all fortifications ? even a single piece of
artillery? or any establishment not strictly relating to
the above purposes An4 nothing can b? plainer than
the language by which all protection whatever to the
Mosquito country, is relinquished Tais arrangement
wat severely attacked by the opposition In the House of
tarda. a* has been already no'.iced by the Senator from
Delaware; but It wa* vigorously defended by Lird Thurlo ?,
the Chaucelor, the organ of the Ministry, who maintain
ed ?lth great force, supporting hi* position by diplomatic
and LUtori-el re'eretces, that Kngiand had no just claim
to the Mcrqulto country; and on a division the
mlili try was Fitstalnsd, or in other wordi. It
It was decided that -.here was no sush claim, by a majori
ty of foni to one.
aifi.1!14 fn?,W *M entered into between
f^8 " ! .?pX1?' wbloh oonflrmul tbeee uJ other
twmtfon twtween t*i6 two poifors anl held
each to the faithful execution of thorn ia 1817 an
*?, J'VtK"8? bj tbe l'arllament, ??titled? "An
act frr the more effectual puuishtnent of murd?r? a ad
t?.Bri mf in PUce? not within his H.jei
ty s dominions " It declares, ' whereas griereu* murders
^nt inlt'heUB?*,rf bt<? ?' tbe settle
( ' Honduras, the same being a tettle
purposes in the possession and ander the
? ?aJesly. bus not within the territory
0f hU m?j?8ty." *?? Aooth.r act am*n
T" J*"!? ta 181?. '?oojniziog the same
principle acd both fully concede the yeri limited
ShSdlw *** ?? Hojdaras And^
UisjUy although dominion and sovereignty are praa
tieally averted there, yet appearances aw nr.
U)eH' Possesions in the msin land are
ow hi ? 00 0ur? j1 * g?lll?m*nt and are presided
Aiuf I snpenntetdrnt, and not by a governor.
f?*1 V recently d? It re rod b j Mr. Cbirf
Jattic. Temple, at the bead of theJadicia'y eitablish
meet of Honduras, to the Grant Jury at Beliie In which
h?t?V.n ih n**itUilli WM3 h0ld th* whol? of th'eoountry
between the Hondo and th* S?r?toon, which Is mire than
double the former tract;" that is, the traot graaud br the
/J0?' "<?? whit gro;nd,?? o?n?u.s>?o
S?n? Vsith.??? "hi7 T?? th* 8*?toon an1 the Si
British Xniat'?n'i" ^ te ths8Dr"L?oahto puiThe
Sp?m we're not the
tot discore, em of those radons, and had not taken p?
thi? n*.,,V" before an Englishman was seen
th!7iVi?^l r i P? 5 " tha bwt ioctradlotion of
the title of England, and needs no refutation but lti >im
firtaUe^wlU^h" t^tl' "??-^tMiVhU.
treaties by wliah she oonoedes the sovereignty to be in
f k ?" ,,u'd 0B by the Chief JunToe thai
a count r j be tnUrtlj vacant, ant nation mar taka mi
w-lon of it," is good in its plaoi, buUt ba? ?o&? he?
The Senator from DeUware, 'in hi. remark flh.oth?
tr?tJ^M7M M ifu*B'ar l"el,UBt in relation to the
treaty of 1(53, which hae been brought to lirht by the re
?ad av*J? F?^ by Lord Joba Ruw?ll,
5 !*? domamia. Th* lutb wttote
? 5 1 rl ft do?cnbtd the oonntrj to bo abandoned a?
SllUh" "r^i Co?Un#nt (" Continent Espagnol,") and the
S? h,T# ??i^tneu?oe to
i j ? ? Moequlto coast, aa they were .yidentlr n
oar "lode Deaden ^ 'T'? ?nt ?f th* MkD0"^?ment of
tD?*- ?n4 th? condition of England ren aired
i ?" th- oonffl
8f*ln, ard Holland if" "fc? ft? ^ F~B,?'
totodtbJeU,y 18'" K88' n"<>^ok to r^nJS
"'ild Jr'TH^i ^?"oid^B
evasion upon thie'matter, but it appeirtoL^to ^.tlliul
by h^t^u^)Pr^
KKsrs; tzssr^' ^ tsHSr ?sr. n
SSflrt^f' "li1 th# "^,utur? ?f th? tre.ty* ka'vtag
SlT K , ?"tocciied, and had loKtrnctod Mr Fo* toaS
e^d ?^t^r:L r? Vhe K'Ctv
rai?-.te r. *7^? "to""'! otreumst.nc.tha:
^ e*UDot be sigLed without leavincclMr
fjZ'zZuvcr^L' zsxzg&z
^ ^ tht-v iuUrpotod no obetaclo to hla mj\
2oti2I?*afeh , d,ftienlt reooneile this tortuons
S2S' S ^nTVoi"^' "'th/h* fr"k ?-? oprlght cha
b^z|?cted to be abte to malatSS'the^Jifh pi.'.V/*
that^r fi? 1 1 T* *nj technical maxim like
UU It b#in<r fk. a *? . rK ^ 10 ?och oontiutnt ax
UiJir n ?!! M r 4 tri0ILn 0?ntioont. Such a nro
1788 would* kay?T fiUTSS.'
nTlBM i "M?n? ^""ced for defeating the treatJ
"BpaiLih cin?n, n"' w? "'?<??" Th.
kMe.tly misunderstand It Mr w D? _?4? oool<1
2?; 'rr,- SSa r
tnl*ty'of ?d^a^h0 ^ ^ ^
c f-: ^be^i8 u?h. 4war^w3
?-o tTj
?Jo??l int.rcf mmoi Italian ?. .1 bL? J!"*' ^
fo"J- j ;:;hh
onenltg to th. foftei *ute. "ll'w"^ ""'n'ri *? b*
tkns to tbi. enhjeel m.v "i1"""1*'
br.ntr? the forJgn (i?, I iT _ 1 B|> l"-lr privw
But accident ha^ r.l??.d .one fr' "mVh^ ,0 * '"J,0,ur?
?ad among ili-?e I* a I.t from ih^BHH^hV
to J/vd Pafm^rston, datwi at (iranid* v Connul
?. m? in ? vhlrh h? -pvai. TY^ APr"
?an* of the United S-.te?,. ..iblifh .'IZl. ?! %lZL
w^b the iVufia. by the S.n J??B, .od a^T, ^," ?^^0
"d other circnain.noe. b? Injured th#JBri i-h^? ^
?ta that the country ? a, 11 b. own. by
m^Uu V*" nDl,M ?n arrangeE.at li m?d. hr w
tlui . a pro eeU r?te ao i iran.lt faTora.te^
Uli.LAV'r1-' *? B?' ?b" qntnles., e. ?? th,
ly sail -? riL .^ P*'"*'" ?h- 'here the wrller hooe^t
?WaUiiB tb.*Z^r , , ' O'uatry aad <re?ir. of it.
?nercial Sorld f0r..? t7r^##,,^M" "r,t th"
ventnn n. . tllo, u 'J* ?""P'tKloo of te ad- j
address your I?r'ihi0 ?ffl! . Amerleans. irnp.l me to
tfc. t.ruiit. iwi 0f wFr h . ?,b 'wedon " Kr?n btf. r.
fl^itlrts of tsrritor'Vt ?m th# M"
?Wee. became ? snV? " h . ^L r^" U' ,h* l'olud
M Uh forte larded ?t the Bt?t , WJ' *
ft the s uthoriiies uf sV'", J*ta' *od d
bje. undmtorb?d for t.tlr. W. r? th*^ h?d
of that Important polnt_?I(1 tbl**o'u. t. PL' "vloa
?med as steadily as she L?oi? P.^*' *h* h*< pur i
ftrert eotfli^t wtlh u. hJ1!h
oomlcg into
hut b.id 7. aSLo nu"!"", *ot "??'/ ?
?alar eclony to the sonth of it hJl'l*' *' ,D I
i? the fate of a't U?.aTdL?^ J5 ~Ui>li.h^
oMhe tresty .nh u. *< "??
im hi* hietoiical and f^graphlS^ ylt< 1,1 ?'
?Hiieh Hi n mas males n.r< .r it .2 i * olieth*
bas avoldfd . yery ;
eumstance in all theae traaeaetiona. Great BrlUln U la
posaetalon of, and olalaos, regioaa which no geographer,
do ?ta teaman, do aoaj, denied were Id UMtnl
America. Hla teuohea msrely the small dU
trlst of Bel lie, the use of which *u granted by Spain to
Kofland for atrtaia purposes, and which final]/ extended
to the 81 boon, a faw miles from the Beliae. Not ooa word
eta be fonnd in any arrangement between Spain and
gland, nor in any claim actually aet up by the Utter,
juaufjimg her peeaeeaion of any territory aouth of that
river. And it ia to thia narrow district, and nothing
mere, that the reapeetable authoritiea quoted by the
Senator refer when they apeak of the Btbze aettlemsut
making part of Yucatan. Bnt England haa got far be
yond this barrier, to the Santoon river, by at ma maps,
which ia aa clearly In the State of Guatemala aa the
Jamea liter la in Virginia ? and to the Gulf of Dolce by
othera, a dis'anie on the line of eoaat, I aoppoee, little
ahottof two hundred mil# a, and ahe haa eeiael and re
tained inlanda, and formed them into a colony which are
at leaat three hundred milee from Beliae, lying oB, I be
lieve, aad in tight of the eoaat cf the State of Honduras,
? nd aa much within her limita aa Long Ulead in within
thoae of New York. The moat valuable of these inland ?,
Roataa, waa, in 1604, pronounoed by Colonel Ileal er
ton, the Engllah oommandant at the Be lite, aent
to examine it, to ' belong to Spain"? but In 1830 it waa
seized by the Brttiah superintendent of the 'aetl lament, "
in that spirit of utter disregard of eiUtlng and aoknow
1 edged nghte which mark* the prog real of thle rapaoity ,
bat ia e >n?equence of energetic remonstrances from the
government of Central America, then united and pewer
f nl it waa reatored to Honduraa. But it ia too important
a naval atetion in thoae aeaa to be flualiy abandoned,
merely upon a queatlon of just lie, and it waa again taken
pon-esidon of by a Britiah force in 1811, and a small mill
tar; detachment belonging to Honduraa waa expelled ? an
act little better than piracy? and now England claims it,
with Bonacoa, UUila, &c , as an U tegrai portion of her
entire.
Vha'tm opinion, therefore, may be formed of the
post inn assumed by the Senator from Delaware, that
the original Belize aettlement la In Yuoatan. and not in
Cent . America, it ia beyond eontrovarsy that the later
encr< ikchmen'a of Erglandare iu the territories of the
Central American 8tatea Whether they are secured to
her beyond the reach of ear actioa, by the "understand,
log" of the negociatora, I mutt leave the Senator from
Delaware to explain I trust not, I eoatend nit-but it
ia a strange circumstance ? this appeal from a writ
ten treaty to the memory ana intention of its
framera. But the whole subject Uan now
assumed a very grave aapeot ? so grave, indeed, .hat the
oourae of tbe negotiation, and the condaot of toe neg?ti
akre, are reduced to compilative laaignifltanc*. No oae
can mistake the derpatefcea of L rd Clarendon; while
sufficient ly courteous in their expression, there is an air
oi firm detn initiation spread over them, which ieavea no
doabtof the fixed uirpose of the Ecglixh government.
We have the cha*t by whieh they mean ti sail, and
whether we are in the way or out of the way, their voyage
ia to ce onward, turnlog neither to tbe right hand nor to
the lei'. I do not nee that they have given up a single
reasonably founded pretension; and even the resog iltion
of the dtfaclo government cf Graytovn, which tbe Sena
tor from Delaware refers to with approbation, la not the
lesult of the treaty engagements, but as Lord Clarendon
fates, of a subsequent ' arrangement entered into be
tween the two government*"? an arrengemantl wDloh I
consider a very lm jrovident one, and a moat unfortunate
oonoemon to the pretensions of England. Oar daty and
our policy were, o have stood upon the treaty, and to
have insisted upon the faituful [i-rformanoe of its alipu
lations; but not to have made a temporary adjust nent of
a partial qnefcticD, by that very act admitting (the
right of England to in erfere in the coneerna of Central
America, in.- tea<* of withdrawing from them as the treaty
requires, Bat thia arrangement ia a mere expedient,
which, however, I.trd Clarendon aaya ''Great Britain haa
no intention of disturbing or departing from "?I pre
Fume, till it la her interest to do so Mr Presl lent, tbe
Instigating rr otive, If I may so apeak, of the Clayton
Bulwer treaty waa to secure to the partiee? to the com
mercial world, indeed -the undiaturbed use of an inter
oceanic cr mrrunication acrrae the territories of Central
Ane: ica. With that view they mutually int?rUoted to
themselves aU light ef exclusive oontrol over the canal,
as well a? all right to eatablinh or maintain fortifioatlo: a
commanding the lite of its route. But if they had atop
ped there the work would have keen bat half dona. Eaoh
party wat mantfestlydeslroua of excluding the other from
tbe meaoaof exerting a controlling itillaenos over the
feeble governments of thai r?glon, by whiih in pease se
rloua embarraiaoienta might ba thrown In the way of
their transit; and, In war toy hoati'e attempt to seise
and hold thia great highway wonld be facilitated, and
m ght be tendered lucceesfui. And, la conformity
with this policy, the interdiction upon the po
litical action of these partlea, went math bs
jond tbe line of tbe cankl. The treaty provides
for but one roate from San Juan, with a light to reach
the Pacific, either by I*ke Nicaragua or by lake Managaa
?and its specific stipulations applj to the route thus de
scribed? but the mutual reetriitlons extend far beyond
this narrow district, to the whole of the vast regions
knowa as Central America, stretching hundreds of ml lea
beyond this line, and where, of course, no fortified posi
tions could act upon it. The expensive poeeetsions of
Guatauala are covered by the treaty, but it maken provi
sion for no canai there Why thia cautious and jealous
interdiction of power over various eouutriea, not to be
penetrated by thia work, unle?s to prevent the acquisition
of political influence, so easily converted by one parly to
lta own lcteresta and to the tnjory of the other? To place
these young political communities, cloaely connected with
oea another, beyond the oontrol of either of the<e two
great powera, wai the evident object of thia convention,
and furnishes the true key to the ooaatraction of lta l*n
I ???g?.
And go id unworthy attempt U mila by on* o
tbsm? 1 can celt it by no milJer term? to fritter my
the real meaning of tn? oaavantioo, an 4 to establish ih-t
pretension to march It* forcei intt that oountry
at pleasure? for pretexts under the nam* of aa
"alliance," or a " proV*torate," will oarer b?
wanting ? and thai to defeat it* own obligation*. I am
not speaking fn tbi* connection of the light* reiulting
from a itateof wir. Of ooaree that condition between
England aad any of the Central American republics
lean ? either part/ at libertj to apply tta ioreee at pie*
rare; bat even then the neutrality aad free nee of the ca
nal are guaranteed to th* oommarc* of th* world. But
I am spa sklng of a state of peaoe, during which the tr<a
ty *ajs to the contravJag parti**, ' you shall not occupy,
nor furtlfy, cor soloniae, nor aiiuot, nor exeralae, any
demiD'on over any part of Central Amen One would
think there were pleonasms enongh here tokrepthat
region free from the graap of tt e t *o great power* Bat.
no, ?ey* the British government through it* principal
law adviser In questions of foreign interceurae, the Queen'*
1 Advocate, "the flrit artiole expressly reoognliee the fa;t
that Oreat Britain ha*, aad may hare aUiaaee* with and
afford* and nay afford protection to State* and people la
Central America, and only ktipolatee that neither shall be
male use of for the particular purpose* therein forbid
den, and tha maxtm of coaab uctiea nrprrtrin tmtas nt a
clutic cUlmiut,' applle* to thl* article. " Mr. President, la
the fair ooa*traetion of a conventional arrangement Ilk*
this, between two great power*, art!Ssi?l maxim* and
verbal mbtletie*. whether aongbt at O>ctor< C imoiona or
at Lincoln* Inn, ate cneorthy the (lightest consideration,
Whete the mind is led away by each profitless lares' iga
ton*, tinth Is too rften iacrifl:*d to contests alxut
word*; aid every well Informed man know* that thl*
eeareh after the abadow of language inatesd of the sub
ttaace, ha* been the great reproach of that lejal code
which It I* the fa?bioa te praie far more than u de
servts, and which we bav* liherited from England. The
imaginations of it* early expoum er* and oommeatators
actually ran riot la th*lr pur-nit ef subtle distinction*;
acd the history of the human (atelleot presents few ex
amples of the waste of mental power *o remarkable ia
it* feature* a* the syrtem they built op. equally puerile
?nd laborious in it* formation, and uselea* and wor*e
tban ueeles* in it* application In national contrasts,
largaaf* shoull haie It* natural Imp rt, but difference*
of o< nstrn' tloiyibookl be adjusted If posaible with refer
ence to the objects of the parties and not mere); by arti
ficial rele*? seek. ng rot truth, bat idle and barren dl*
Unction*. The expreulon of one thing is the exclusion of
? notber, rays this bigh legal fonc'tonery, and therefore
If an act 1* forbidden In that habit of amplification
which mistakes redundancy of language fur preolniiMi,
anything else Kay begone for which there it not an
actual specific prohibition? however iaton latent it
may be with the object of the parie*. or with
the and* to b? attained ay the arrangement This treaty
{irorid** against the cccupati( n and fortification, and c?
r nliatlon *nd awumptloa and exercise of dominion over
any pert of Central Ameiica It 1* i illloult to understand
preci-ely the measlcg which the negotiator* Intended
should be attached to all the*e terms The prohibition
?gainst occupying a country w:old seem to forbid tta for
tlflcati< n ana eoloniraiioo. aid probanly al*o the exsraise
cf dominion, which iUelf include* It* assamption? for
It i* difficult to conceive how theee act* can be performed
without seme actual occapstion I do not uoderetand
why all Iheee terms were employed, any more than 1 do
why seme of the states of Central Ame.iaa were enuuia
reteil an' other* omitted. The negotiator* were able aad
experienced men, and I sappote the fo: mer was d-u?* out
of abundant eaatlca; but if it foe* not weaken it oertaia
ly a 'It's <x> strenctb to the instrument Apply. ok the
British canon of coaatruoti^a to oae of these prohibit* >oe,
we shall see that all the great object* of ttils Joint ac' or
the two powers n ay be defeated Yoaabalt no.' fo:Ufy"J
any part of Cantral America, aay* the treaty, to the oo
trading parties. True aays the yuaen's Adv. >? ate we
Cat. not; bat by tk's rule of eiptetaion and exclusion we
ran holi fortflaatbna ror the purpoae of al lance or pro
tec'.ioa, la ana pari of that oouit'y, if wecan outain peace
able possession of tham If, theiefore, by hopes or fear*
(ireat Bri'.ain eaa persuade thee* f-eble Hiete* Moequlto
included, toceliv-r to her their fortraese*, ahe olay Uuld
the . and ceolly aay to the United Sta'ea -1 do not fort I .
fj? that la forbidden by the treaty ? but I hold fnrtiflea
tlcns, for that Is permitted? not ?y the spirit of ru' rj n
j tract*, bnt by a mrtaphj rlcal s'axdard applied to it* Wo
g**ge. Unfortunately. we should not b? *?ved from such
an at empt by the restriction upon the right of ocsu^a
' tlor, for to give effect to the varioa* t? ra* o' the treaty,
i there may be fortification* without occupation, h .w, I
Co tot undertake to explain? and a* the inter llc'ton la
upon tb?lr construction, aad not a on their tenare, they
may ba held, agreeably to the Qateu'.t A'voeste, wh?n
?ver ttey can te peaceably obtain* 1. By such a p:oe*?*
(f reflo? msnt. thl* high law officer establish-" 'ha prop-)
?Won that ' Great Britain ma;. In mr opinion, protect
any State or people, (Incladlng ladlan trisea,) In Central
Ameilsa, even bj ft rca of arm* If needful, without etolat
l?g th? trea y; provided on'y that in affording >uch pro
tec.i a rhe ahoily abetain* fr. in oseuptia^, fortifying
colonizing wr aesuruing or exercising a.imlalon beyool
her own territory !a Ceot-al America." Aad Le aid',
that hexes lathing in the treaty to prevent (ireat Brlain
from atid.ng a f!*?t or a: my latn any part of that rrg'on,
er from ttrryicg on warlike ' perationa there, al me or
jj *ilian?e with any aatir.nt orSt?te< o Central Ameiita
v, 'r* '??rB*d geatleman la ngbt ia all thl*, neeer were
the form* ofas ieron engagement more Idly employed?
01 to g ve the srmblaiea of dignity to what
would be .title better tban a ?a'lonal faroe. An ??alll
** ' protection"? ttat ia. a prof. s<e<l engage neat
K,e; !' purpcee* wiu the MrMquI o Indian
chler, or wl'h < n* of the weak goversmenU of Central
Ainarica? would be tb* sftaal a* it would bethej ietia
t aiory pretaxt for ih*armi>sloa of a Brltlah .rnir into
that c? Ln'ry. for hr ltttg It, incaed. Jast u long a* mUht
anlt the pnrpoaes of Ft. gland. And e h > that ka<> ? * the
?trength, eeahb and power o that ?ountry, aid the
weakteae dielrion *nd poverty of these rival Htate*, *aa
donbtttat an 'alliacee." or a "proteatioa," ia at say
momeat wltbia her reaih, aad wltb It th? mean* of eon
trolling tb* <eatlny of that part of the c<atia>at. Ami
M E > gland ran protect and fo *n ? alliantea," so may we.
aado-atral America may become another riaailer* a
thea'rn o' bl rx'y contest* where foreign nati n< may
D>eas-r# ttei- itrength, at th* aaerific* of the be*t latgr
ests of the country It If rather difficult ti oonoeive that
the Queen'a Ad Tout* U serious when ha Ulka about the
right of a British army to itm enter ta; o! theae State i,
provided it "abstains from ooeupj lng or exercising do
minion there " A British army on the soil of Oosta
Rica, and a British fleet lo lta harbors; and all this le
Beit her occupying nor exercising dooaln'on over that
Finall ftate, within the true eptrit and object of this treaty.
Why, iir, whUe thle le a repudiation of national faith, it
la an insult to the eomntoo aenae of mankind.
Vou might aa well lay the Anetriane exerolse no
dom'nlon at Aneona. nor th? Frenoh at Rome,
beaause the looal polios goea on with lta unworthy
wotk.
The word " dominion" fo*? not n?cteea'ily Imply the
actual direction of the powera of government, as the
argument of the Queen's Advocate would seem to take for
granted. It may be asiumed and preferred without that
actual Interference with the Internal affairs cf a country.
The great English lexicographer tells as that it mean*,
among otter thiogs, 'pewer" and "predominance," the
acquisition of both of which is precisely the condition
wh eh the parties to this treaty sought to pre rent, so far
as depended upon it* provisions. And it passes rsy com
prehension to conceive how "power," or predomlnaase,"
''dominion," Indeed in either of those forms, is to be
avoided in the pretense of a British army in Central
Amerisa. It is idle to talk ; about It. The "dominion"
of such an army would both* precede and follow It, and
would be just as efftetually exercised aa If the govern
nient of the country were in its hands. It would control
the Bute precisely as every successful invading army
does, whether they come aB friendf or foes. Ai tj "for
tifjing" their position, such a measure would, in fact, be
useless to a British force, looking to the composition
at.', character cf the people of those regions. The bayo
nets of the invaders would furnish the oay fortress they
could need Their camp would be an Impregnable stroaj
bold, and their line of rtaroh an undisputed occupation
of the country Is the-e an Englishman within too four
sees who believes the United States would ?ver have en
tered into tils engagement, with the suspicion, even,
that it weuld be controlled and rendered abortive by auah
a et natrusiion '< II there is, he knovs little of the char
acter of the American people. Britiah iniiaei se, to be
acquired by the preesur* of an armed foroe, was what our
government sought to exolude, as a similar exclusion with
respect to the United 8tat<a was what the British govern
ment soeg'ht. If this is not a'.talnel by the treaty than
that iBstrumeat is not worth the spaoe it aocupies in ttie
archives of either nation. Lord Clarendor, in his de
spatch to Mr Crampton, of May 2~. 1853, propotes that a
new or supplementary treaty ahall supply the defect*
of the Brat, and "establish a aoueme of atjmtmsnt by
which trfe affairs of Central America MoequRla included
shall te satisfactorily aid permanently settled, '' ka U
1< not a little singular th?t the Secretary of State, M-.
Clayton, on the very day of the 'xchange of the ratifica
tions, expressed to the Britiah Minister the opiul?n that
' on lome future ocoaa'on a ooovf utional article, clsarh
eta in j what are the limits of Central Ameriaa ru'ght be
conte advisable. " It is an unfortunate treaty, indeel.
wbioh needs an explanatory supp'ement in the opiaioi of
the negotiator of one of the parties, before its promulga
tion, aLdis the opinion of theothc party almost ever since.
For myself, sir, 1 am not at all singutue in he expecta
tlon that any useful result will follow an attempt to pro
vide by a cecond treaty, for the fallute of the firat The
President in his message it formed us that Gr-at Britain
has proposed to settle the em 'arrasaiog questions wliloi
have ariren out of thl.s treaty hy an anaicable arrange
ment, and that our Minister at London has bsen autho
rised to enter into negotiations upon the subject. Tnis
step was proper, however adverse the obance of auoc?ss,
and the honor and the interest of the oountrv are safe in
the bands of our able representative; ncr will the admin
istratim, I feel sure, consent te any arrangement which
floee not protect boto o: these element* of national power.
But aa to settling the boundariei of Central Ame-ica,
geographical Central America, for I muat again bring to
the recollection of the Senator from Delaware that tiie
folftieal confederation of that name to whioh hs has
aiiuckd has ceased to exist, and that the States that
ccnipcse It are wholly independent, it would be lost
labor to undertake it. With resject te fettling the
bouLdtrle) of the existing republics, we have no
mote right to do it than they have to settle ours.
And what one object wouH be gaiaed by the effort ?
England claims that British Honduras and its depen
decc'ea are not mcladed in the treaty, and we agree in
the manter before stated that tt ey are cot. The ques
tion then between as and England, if there beany, is
not as to the extent of Central An erica, but of Hon
duras and its (*epecdencle*. Wbatfver may be the ?x
teot of Central America, should 1'. reach from Labrador
to Cape Horn, it woull not induce an sore of these pos
(esMona, for ttey are tabooed by the declaration that the
treatf dues not t iuch them, nil clear that the British
government oonsider them as part of Central America,
excepted them from the treaty by our cnncurreuoe. and
there is not the least doubt as I have already said, but
that a large extent of the territory south of the fUlixe
has been wrested from the legsl possession, and is now
teld without the shadow of just title Since th* forma
tion of this treaty, and in fail view of its stipulations, a
new oolony has been established in this very region. And
dees any man anpprse that England la prepared by any pro
cess of peaceful negotiation to give up one foot of the coun
try >be holds a pat t of which she has just organised into a
separate government? Ia there anything in her history,
or in tte despatches of Lord Clarendon, to justify this ex
pectation? Does t be Senator from Delaware suppose that
because, in the official memorandum he filed with the
treaty, he restricted the claim of the Kti.ish Minister to
Honduras, and Its dependencies, by i tut r ting tke word
"alleged." ao as to read Hnnduraa and i*s "alleged"
dependencies; or became in his notije of July 4th, he
speaks of theee dependencies as the "small islands in
the neighborhood of that settlement, which may be
kntwnas Its depei <leoci?s, '' does he sapoee I say that
scch ejpressions, even If lntendelto be ultra otutious.
will induce England quietly to reoede, without a more
< ffic est rrotlveof action ttaa is faraisbal by indefinite
limitations like thoee here employed* She has got the
oonatry ; and her claim a, and bar possession <, were jusi a
well known while the negotiation was penJlng as now
and her encroachments eould net bare been eoneealsc*
from the Investigating mind and habits of the Secretary
cf State And it ia very much to be regret t* 1 that when he
thought it necessary to accept the BrlUah pr (position to
control the trsaty by the "understanding" of the ae
gotutrrs he did cot come to an understanding in clear
an 1 jreciee terms as to wbat extent of country should be
eieejted fiom lta " ergagereuts " As the ?uhjeat If left
it fnisisces a most fruitful le'.d for eootrjversy, to bet
ter proof <f which it waated than the extensive claims
cf England along the csait, aid her establii hmeat of thi
new oolony. If, therefore, she shoull ever prae-we.
which she has nut done yet. to adjust the boan aries of
Centra! America, it will be foupd to >e Central Ameriaa,
exeiudlng her Honduras sett lament acl its dependencies,
a- sh< loKs tbem. I ask. what -ingle motive have we
for fixing the boundaries ol' the Central American region,
ts no pcesible dispute eould arise with En (land, except
aa to the extent of what Lord Clarendr.ii calls " her own
lawful territory in Central America - " If she is prepared
to aktndon her nnjust acquisitions, and to retireupon ber
origical possessory rights, tben oertainlv mu >h of the
eiiating difficul y might be adjusted ; bat, as I
do cot believe a word of this, i think w? ahould
adapt onr oourse, and a Arm oae too, without whlsn
there will never be either oeetlon or conoeaslon on ter
tart.
Though by an unaothor'Md act of our executive
we may hare precluded our?*l?m from mamuinitg wbat
otheiwiae we oould aid should have maintained, bad
the treat; been ratified ?a it *tovl, that Honduras at?d
lta (?ependet.eles are within the "engagements" if the
treat;, end lbocgh the extant of oouatry thuseeverei
fiom the obigatit ns of that instrument U tm providently
left lot 'finite, jet justloe and polljy (another name for
the Monroe doctrine) equally unite to iMotate our onirne,
and that I* to require kngland to abandon her eacr >ech
mrntf, which are no fair d'pandenciee of here, and to
fa>l bark upon her poaeaeaory righ>, not * wrelgn ty.
limiting them to the comparatively narrow dintrioi she
fa* mj often end ao aolea.nly declared to be all to whuh
?be haa any jo?t e'alin. But, air, It U evident ou a
taieful pa rueal of I.hcI Clarendon's deepatohts that the
British government bava no Intention ?f submitting to
I egotietK n the ]>ieetlc n of the limlteof their poeeession',
cose whatever. He make* no such propoei '.ion, nor any
thing like it. Neither the boundaries of Central Aai?rlea
nor i bote of Dondnraaor it* dependence, are ??e* alluded
to by him. The mbject is carefully and studloatly avoid
ed. Thin will be roanileet by the brief examination ! pr
puee te make of tte paper*. A? te Mosquito he admits
that it I* within Ui? limit* of tbe treaty, though he de
niea that the ttipnlatlore provide for the abaidonmant of
tbe protectorate, tiow It te to be maintained without
fortlflratlcn or occupation or dominion, would be one of
ILe moat ptitlli f n??tl< na in pa.li leal eeiei.ee ever pre
??nted far practi ?1 eolation What new amtoabl* ar
rat geinente Lord Clarendon contemplate) respee.irg the
Mofqa.to territory, it U difficult to oonjectare Hi em
phatically announce* that 'the honor of Mreat Britain,
an ancient proUctor of Mnqoluj, mutt be pre ervrd In
tact " frank etongb thle, nut net v?iy ance-irajlng f<ir
any saMafectcrj arrargement I thatieaU<n is retaineJ,
a* ton d*clara'l?D would appear to int mate we had bet
ter t bat don tbe whole matter, and l*t ev-tts take tare o'
Ueiutelvea. It* or p in I/>rd 1'almerstcn trao?* to a for
nalrttfioo of their oonn'ry by the M > u i to Indian
to the Kir:' rf I ..<-a?<l. made abtut iM7 to th
(.cunrr of Jamaica, ana who gave the cbi-f a com
n.ltali n as kug. And what wtnll kng and bar* thought
if at ib*' verr tineatelf ttyled deputation of nvnie o
tbe trite* of Vi ginia 'odiaaa had been taken to Canada
and there ctde<l tbe sorer'gaty of th* lanisthay resided
? n 1o tbe Ktig c f franc* f AtdatU.it day >*hat wouii
elie Ibli k if a almlar atop should be taken by mine of
the Cadre tribe*, and France <r Holland >bould clsim
axteraive r'giora in herCepe colony, by virtae of <nob a
c-atlrnr H ?r history an> war< these queati ne ehiUitu
a p< warful rebuke o the prvtanstoa-i she now sats tin,
?'untied on a procedure juat ae void by tbe law r f nai'ias
The m- d* In which lard I'almen ton eetabliahee thla pro
tactorate would not have occurred to maey men, bat
he kae a fertile mlna, and a m>ral eonrage whl-h
dr*e tot ofUn yield to an? obataclee la hi* way
lie t*y : "tlat the treaty of I'M ooatalss a
at pit latins ? bich waa an act of proteetorshlp exsr?i?ed
bj ('? eat Brl'ain in favor (f ih* Morquito Indlaat. Act!
wbat waa r.f Why, ia that treaty thare waa a provision
?bat, oa 'beatacnatit n or Mosquito by the British anb
j*ct a, tbe Indian* should not be punlshe' hy the Hp<niar a
' for th* e?-oparation a ad aa*l*t*n?e which thay bad if
forbad to the Britiab. ke. Thla atipnlatim," c >nttau>?
I/ird I'a'meraU.n. "was a enbatantial and alfeetnal act of
protactcribit on tbe part of (treat Britain, acquieaced ia
? nd auVacnbed to by "pain. " Tie very all pnla' Ion rff eta
ally arkcow e<*gaa '.lie tnvereignty of 3,.aio wboee govern
u wot, in gettinf back tbe eouatry. were willing to receive
tbe Itdlana without | unlabaent for their prevlons coa
doet.
Ard thla principle of allowirg tha Indian* to r*
tn<at?th*ir natural itate ef allegiance unpnnlahed is
pMciaaly the one adopted la tbe tr?aty at Gh-nt, wftere
both Ft eland and the Ualtol States agread that the In
diata living in the dominion of either of tha partie* and
wbo tad aldrd tbe other In the war, ahonld be
feim tied to return to tbalr previous relati >nt If
they *< nld abandon hoa'llitles And It follows,
from tbe loatrlne of Lord Calmer* on, that eacn
na ion 1* tbo protoslor of all tbe tribe* thus
elm m>tai red living within tbe teirit< riee of tha ? her,
and I* 'rrever to wa teh over tbeir Internet*. What new
i our tea of c fliealty tola no eld oeeaaien Dead* no forealgbr
t< tell A nan of plain a mmon teoaa, and not bltad ? r.h
iliplr nary, won d say. tbat all contention be \<?anthe
Brl'leh aar tbe Motiinlto Icf tats, boneatlv eaaaad a* aoon
a> tbe it'rulatl* * in the treaty i f 1TM foT thalr pro ej
tirn weie 'aitbfull? rar'ied ta*o affect by Spain B.t
wtatatt r irrai g?n ei t I/ird (ler*n<1on enn'arr.platee la
etaad of, or fn additioa to, t.a exiettng tr?a*y ohit^arioea.
it ta to te mad* :*i endeat on wbat be eaila "the r*ne-al
Ctntral Am-rlran ijaeatin*;" an 1 'till that isflaaltfde
ermlrec h* snr onceee tbat the Britia b goverv m?ot *111
boH) to to and protect the " territorial rtfbte o
Mosquito, includieg lireytown," (wing th? tie
facto MT*Bgeui*uta, 40. J m they have always been
regarded by Great Britain, mad that it will
isiist any efforts <.f Honduras to tako potitalon of any
part of the territory? a territory which, not long sinoe,
Knglanil nalntalneu extended even In o 'ho Stat# of New
Granada, and which now itretches along t^ie ooast ion#
Sve hundred mi loo. and oconpie* two- third* of the ooun
try between tike Atlantis and Pacific oceans. And all
this region is held aocordlng to the Senator from !)>la
war*, by At# hundred wretched Indiana. Now. sir, how
stasia this matter of the proposed negotiation t We are
invited to go band in hand with the government of Great
Britain in devising and eatabliihing a scheme of adjust
ment, by which the affairs of Central America, Moiquito
included, shall be aatltfactorilyand permatentiy settled,
in oonoert, if practicable. In the Ontral American
States more nearly oono*rned in the question; bat, If
not practicable, without snoh concert. It Is impossible,
Mr. President, that snch a proposition as this oes re
ceive the leant favor from the Ameiioan emoutive. I am
?urprlf .J that Lord Clarendon sboald hare made It, as
sncn a prrceediag indicates either entire ignorance of oar
settled (I might almost say oar oonstltutional, ) policy
or Indifference to the impression, which a proposal to
depart from i: so widely oat not fall to make in thla
ooun'xy.
Whit have we to do, in conjunctiva with England,
with the affairs of those independent republics V It
would be the Panama mission over again, rendered yet
more obnoxlou* by the determination to aot without the
const nt of the States interested, If they choose not to
give their oonsent, and by an association In this interfe
rence with a European power, whose influence upon this
ood tinea' we desire to see reduced, and not augmented by
our own folly, aad al.no by the preliminary avowal, that
theee foreign associated governments meant not only to
devue but to establish a scheme of regulation, which, if
1'. did not inure to the profit of at least one of tne parties,
by (lving to it a controlling influence ovei those extensive
and maguifloent regions, we should owe the result more
to oar good fortane than to our wisdom. Nor do I see, In
any view, what we should gain by a new treaty. The first
oes is well enough If carried out In its true spirit, and
another would be no better if exposed to the umi pro
cess of construction, or rather mlsoonstruotlon. What
Lord Clarendon expects f. cm a new treaty, or what either
psrty is te demand or concede, I am at a lots to conjeo
ture What we want, and all we want is, that the Central
American States should be let alone tomacage their own
affairs in their own way, leaviDg to the oivillied
governments, within whose territories they live, t > regu
late the Mo quito Indians as they think proper, agreeably
to a principle everywhere recognized and adopted, since
the liuoiTory cf the continent And all this is p-ecisely
what the Clayton Bulwer treaty would effect, If fairly in
te.-pre'ed and fairly executed; and an honest oompllanoe
with Us stipulations presents in my opinion, the ooly
"icbeme of adjustment" in whljh we can have an ageu
cy, by which ' the sITsirs of Central America, Mosquito
included, can be satl> factorlly and permanently settled "
And 1 think we owe it to our Donor and position in the
world, to say so te Kogltnd, In dim, but temperate Un
guage, and hat log said so, to act aciorllngl', be '.he con
sequences what they may I am aware Mr President,
that snch language, just in ittelf, may expoie me to cap
tioui remarks. I st all be aocuseri, as I have been ba
fore, of a desire to promote war, while I only desire t)
maintain the name and fume of my country above
suspicion, and above reproach. I have little
fetlirg In common with that nnrbid 'patriotism
whioh is tco cautious to look injuries in the face. aul too
timid to avert or avenge them Lord Clarend >n. in two
other despatches seems to complain of our government,
because the proporals of K tglaud to enter into renewed
tegotiations were not, some lime since, accepted, add'og
that be liad "of late bat too clearly fesa how complete
ly tbe rIKhta of the questions at Issue and the intentions
of Ur-at Britain may be misunderstood and misrepresent
ed In the United Slates, " So We think we understand
the treaty, Mr. President, and we also think it requires
no great sagacity to nnd-rstand the intentions of Bag
lane. Wlen she mee's us and lavs: "Leave these Elates
to themselves," then we shall believe she is frank and
loial, and means to give effect to her oan engagement*.
Till then, ail there studied efforts to defend her pregn
elone, and to hold on to her claim*, while enllghteulng us
by dissertations upon theUn*uage of the treaty, but teid
to an increase of irritation, and to remore the parties
?till farther from each other.
I ord Clarendon tells us that "until tbe matter be dual
ly disposed of by a convention or formal agreement,
between Great Britain and the United States in concert,
practicable with tbe Central American Statjs, more
nearly occoeraed ia the question, but if not praolicaole
without such concert, Great Britain mast necessa- ily
re'ain the pooltlrn which the has always held with re
gard to Ceotral Ameiioa, and which the convention of
oflBSOwas calculated and Intended, when prtotieally
eariledoutto modify, but which as its provisions hate
not been carried out it tas not yet altered." Well, if that
is not adopt ng tbe political mvcim of Mr Km, by put
ting thtir own iuterpretat on upon the provisions of t ae
treaty, and determining upon prudent.al coosl lerit'ons
what tht ir course shall be, it it diAca!t to conceive by
wbat prscees the piewnt British cabinet could prove
themseves practical disoiplee of the g eat master But
If Great Britain re'ains her old posi.ion la Central
America, lndepen *ent of her treaty obligations, at Lord
Clarem ot eays (he will till this scheme of adjustment be
carried into effect, an! with the cooperation of the
United States, her teaare there will be ? long one
Bow pacific or bow profitable it may prove
we mast leave to time, tbe great tevealer of tt>e future,
to tell. rBlk Is a very extraordinary annunciation. Keg
Ian*' has got the exclusion from the treaty of Honduras
and its dependencies, whatever these may justly and fair
ly be, with the at!?nt of he American Executive. Her
government belii VM that (teat misconception prevails in
the United States respecting the treaty, and, therefore, its
views are made kaown <o us. And wnat are they? The
eontint.arce of tbe Mor>|uiio protectorate, with what in
It client! we are not Wli, and the tight to march armiei
in time of p<ace into any part of Central America It is
not known that our gx ernnent has made any drtnand on
tbe subj?c? of this treaty. and ft is certain that at tbe
date of there despatches nr re had b?en tua'e. W* have
rat s'ill deing nothing. In the vain hope t >at Koglanl
wonld fulfil b?r engagements and ia this state of tbtogs,
she coolly tells ue if jou do not modify the treaty, so
th. t the "matter" (what natter bat ner own pr-Wo
slon??) be Bially disposed of, we will hold on to
oar claims, and l-ave the treaty a dead letter.
as to th? proririoia regarding M aqulto, th* d*
maad in (till more Inexplicable All that >u to bo
done was tbe withdrawal of Kugland from th* country,
leatmg the Indian* free from lbs exertion o' my infla
?DM orertbem. This war literally all, but th?re she re
Dials* ju*t aa l.ef ire, telling u* that the aaserta ihe tit)*
of tbc Mwqulo Iol.au Chief to tb* boundaries he hM
claimed, and that she will rt>p*I theeiTjrt* of %oy of th?
clsiilzed States within whoeo limits that tribe of Indiana
mid*, to extend their jnr sdiotlon over them. It se<ro*
tome, sir, that all thii if unprecedented la the inter
courre of nations. The foundation of th? minatoiy anl
condemnatory language of Lord C'arandon 1* that " the
provisions of th* treaty bare not b?*n carried out." And
wboee fanlt in thai'/ Which party ha* failed to oarry
thru out? England alote, for sh* alone had certain aev
to perform, aid these done, almost nothiog wan left to
the parties but to du nothing She hat ma'*, (be can
make, no complaint, that the I'nitei H'-atet hai not car
ried oat the prOTtslon* of the treaty on their part, an J for
the simple reason* tbat the I'nited states hare had
a a yet no ergsgeirents to perform, but ti abttain
from lolerrcef dilnj wiih the alfair* of CeLtral AmeriM.
Tti* pr*t*r*ion of bsing tae agfrlored pa ty, and claim
lig aa th* just conatquence to repu date aoUmo engage
nients, la without a para lei in modern history, and I trust,
for the hocor of nations, that It nil. long be w thout an
exampl* Aa to preferring the honor of tir*at Britain aa
an ancisnt protector of Mosquito, to which Istrd Ulateodon
seems to attach touch importance, I would suggest tbat
11* ? *at bonot able courre she can purme is to carry out
those pr!n-i,le?, to which in ill eases alfectiug lersef,
she has adhered, that is, that a eir lized uati-n, within
whore limit* a barbarous peo jle Is established, has the
right to aetermin* tlie relatione wl'li item, utdisturbed
by any otter oountry. This protectorate, at it is called,
or la other words, this power c ?er these Indiaos, direct
irg and eoatrolilsg them at pleasure, haa been aa unless
to the pro'ec ed as dliore i ab> to tke pro'e:!ors, if the
?eaator from Delaware is well informed of their erudi
tion II* represent* tfcem aa In a m tit wr*tcbed sitaa
tirn. n?.t exceedlrg fir* hind red in nun.ber. and ' rapidly
eh appearing from the *artb." tb* notion of tb? leprosr,
and other loa'b>ome disease*, which will soon exterminate
the race. And tk* chief of theae miserable sara
tea la le?Led with a tins*l crown, and salutel as
Kirg, with tb* countenance of Bri ish authorities
ano be li the aly of Great II I atn: anl thro>i{i this
pritrotorate sbe ?x*rel>*? power orar an sx'-easlr* re
gkm un<*elit ed, if not foleAntte, and important to the
world from it* capacity toiupply the moet *aln?bl- pro
doctlcna, aod s ill m< r# from iu geographical relation tt
tkat great highway of nation* which is to be opened
acrnt tbat part of the eon iseat. 7 be Senator from H>1
ware coegra'uUtea ritcself that "the p oUct-irate
through which <ir*at Britain intended to aasutn* domia
ioc over thl< ri ^ion, aa *h* had done through other pro
te. Urate* la India, i* already abolished, so fiy aa we bad
any eject t? abo-ish it " 1 bate no doubt Mrt tuts was
tie Irtent'on < f the Senator, and though I w|?h It bad
bun more precisely ?xl>re*eed) yet I agree with him that
if the treaty be justly carried out what remains of the
protection will be oomparatirt ly luoeurus Bat l.ird
Clarendon strlie* tr destroy this *i?lun oftdlploraatic tri
?mph Be tells us quite another story l\e til's ui that
kis country has ? ot renounced by the trea\? tb* protec
tl< n wbirb ate lias for centuries pas*. affjroM and still
> fluids (Vark that!) to the Morqul'o territory;" and he
pretty plainly I nt ivate* that she Intend* to d t no such
tbl g tic pt upo* her oen teims aao in herorn way; ,
* hi Is be rays that "the honor of (Jreat Britain as the aa
rW it pret?ct<r 'f Morqalto shal be p"?*err*1
Intact'' Aid dee* th* s<nator from Delaware,
an experienced state' man, a sagaclin* abserxer
of passing ? reals? dees he re?liy belieee a* he iutimntea
tbat thia protectorate Is preierred for the charitabl*
pirpnre of "send;n? fo d to the half nated sarage and
of sendlrg the B ble amoog them t" Crvli' Judti ui
Ajt-Ha ' L*t him thirk so who wll). It reqairai a far
kigier bump of credulity than ha* fallen to mut men to
? rat l? one te jl*H aaient tt the operation of a tcH a he
nexolent mot tr< la the pobKc latere inrseof Great Britain,
or I may idd, Indeed, of any other c matry.
We are told by the Senator as a rea*>n, I suppose, for
leaxirg tbl* queetton of the llotqalto protettoraM so lade
fir ite as to bare led to "great mleoocreption," that "la no
treaty which (ireat Britain has Inr made has ?he aban
dcieo her alliis t> the merey of iheir eat mie* " Mr.
President, no nation ha* the msral right to make "alii**''
of htrbaron* ?ax?ges ilxlrg In th* terrif>ry of oteilixed
power end to use tbcm for deed* o* bl.wd. And it is a
prr.r xmnt of mtgnanimlty tbat Great Britain hills on
to the alliacee an<> p elects n it the defenasl*ss but the
t'es'rojer. Asearl)ason r?vr lutlonary war t; l? p dlcy
was detr tiiced in htirnlcg word* of reproach by th* 'Iter
Pitt, bat hi spoke to <*?af ears and to har^en'd hearts.
f?r tb* illirlrg up rf our Indians against oir own p-ttple
ha*,n arked tb* p-cgre.* of er*ry didlcultr w* haxe had
with Icglan^, whether, lead n? to open hoetili lei or
n< t. ("own to the war of 1*1 i At th* oinfs r?nc?s of (J lent
this antject wae fully dlseassed aed I suppiee eeery
man who lleed at tbat day will r* number the
thrill of li dlgration which penetrated the country
whin tl e sub-Id ?*? f n,ur- er?rs wrie ofti ially called the
' alt e< 'if a Christian people The Brltl h negotiators at
t.lent stnrk to ibefr " alll**" a* lj*g as It was proAtalle
to do to, and tf the d-n.snda they m*<te la the'r nana did
not er era much km>wle<*ge of th* Amerlnan aharaite-,
they e*lno>d, at ai r ra e. a inovMdg* of their own
Interesls, ki reeking to p'ara tb* lallans as a har'l?r be
tween tb?li North smeii an po rti-l'is aad t e I'il^d
t*tate* toi this jnrp< se the? proynte.l tha* tb* llu* of
he 'reaty of U eeuxille *houM be th* peiniaoen' H >nn
dary bekeeea s ur owt n nwtry aad the ladlan trlb**, a '
peitltloa whlab wml.l haeeeeit baek to the wildernoee.
(i0 a wfcieh mach of It bad bf*a reelaioa 0, aboat ha f
lh? State ot Ohio, the larger portion of Iodlana ud
Illinois, a?d almost >11 Michigan and Wiaoonaln. to bi
mmM ovsr ratner than oecnpiod by the primitive In
habitant* For it wan a declared part of the polio/, and
one of the demands of the negooiit'ore, that no oeeslon of
land within this regie n thou Id ever be made to the
United States; one of the oominisaionera remarking that
'? the Indiana could not be restricted Irom celling '.heir
la ode, (to England, I suppose,) bat that the UnlMl Stems
could be restricted fiom purchasing thorn." Ho much fjr
dlplc matie isgaclty. And thia demand of boundary and
barrier, with a complete ceaslon of jurisdiction, *k>
declared to be a lint qua ncn, for than, aa m?,
hour prohibited the abandonment of alllea. T o
all theae proposition*, Indolently made and sa
perclllcasly passed, our commissioner* give that
noble answer, forever to be ronembered, and ad
hered to In gocd and la evil dayi, should evil dt; a eome
upon ni. ' We havt no authority to oede any part of the
Urritory of the United Stataa, and to no stipulation to
that effect will wo sabscribe." Well, the tint qua n>m
wai abandoned. We agreed with England that each par
ty should do what we had been driving to do during the
whole war, and that wai to terminate hoetllltlea with tie
Indiana, and to coffer them to return to their poesesaions
If they would immediately deeiat from hoeUlit.ea egatoxt
ua, and they did so, and oame back to onr sovereignty
taught a useful leason of poaoe and obedtenoe. The 'foxl"
and tba "blble?" they got were but a poor compensation
for the sufferings they underwent, the lives they lost,
and the misery they entailed upon themselves. I wish
the Senator from Delaware bad reooll'cted this lesson,
taught In the history of his country, when he left the
Mosquito protectorate to exist, though it should exhaust
Its injrts? aa he seems to think It will? In act* of physi
cal and religious benevolence? the focd for the mind and
the boly. Bat Lord Clarendon tells us another story.
I have carefully examined the deapatoh of the Secretary
of Stato, of the tenor and temper of which Lord Claren
don oomplaius, anil I see nothing in its language or sen
timents tot fully jartili*! by the circucnatanoes. The
Sec re tat y speaks plainly and Iraily, but with proper dig
nlty, aa becomes his position and the honor of his coun
try. The real difficulty is In the subject, and not in the
mode of treating It. It require* no . much pnoeiration
to pereeive that Lord Clarendon became sensible of the
embarrassment of hia position. lis bad unlertakea an
irksome taik, the task of defending the pretension of
Knglauo to control a banc! of ignorant savages, decreas
tog In r nmbers and Increasing in wretchedness, ojcupy
inn region* belonging to civilised governments, and Itscp
leg them, as he r-ajs, out of tie pale cf political enlight
enment, and lout to he world AH this is so oontrary to
the received principles of public la* a* well as to the prac
tise of Engltnd, that the effort must have been in vie with
some sacrafke of ointiutency, if no: of feel ng, bya British
statei-msu. I: may well b*, therefore, that iinuaan*,
which under other circumstances would have pr .voiced no
observation, became under theae a cause of offsace.
The ifetatorfrom Delaware, in hia speech, aa I hav<> be
fore observed, seems to oonsider the provectorate as left
only for oharitable purposes, and to enable Great BrlUta
to intercede In a friendly way with am t>n?- of the Ontr? I
American republics to save mem from destru atlon. Their
reduction to five hundred and their st?te ot mi-tery ?r
but a poor eommenMhpon this foreign philanthropy. But.
Lord Clarendon also gives similar reasons for the British
neglect to comply with the treaty, though the tugis he
tbro? s over the Indiana becomes the signal of war against
the civilized communities In thote regions. I do not
know, Mr President, the relations Uey bear to the
christian government, within whose bouu Wries they live,
we 1 enough to sky whether any arrangements, and If any,
of what nature, should be made in the Interest of huns.a
nlty for their phitection. If there are peculiar circum
stances belonging to the pant or the present, as thsro wA\
may be from the nature of Indian hostilities, by which
bitter feelings and resentments have been so engendered
aa to make their position unsafe, the remedy U not the
violation of a great principle to shield them from the
pri jer jurisdiction, but by friendly representations which
could not fail in their etfost, when made, by tbe United
States aid by Ecgland, to lncure to them such permanent
iettlements aa their wants require without leaving this
feeble tribe tbe nominal owners of a vast country to be
controlled and governed by a power aaroas th? ooean
under tfce kincly guise of protection. To do all this re
quires reither new treaty nor supplement, but fo?d faith
only, and an honest compliance with a treaty already made.
1 fee it is r? ported that an Amensan company Las pur
chased a .'atge portion of the Musquito country from the
Indian obief, and some of the journals of the day mate
it a But ject of corgratulation, under the expectation that
it will remove muoh of the existing embarrassment. I
know nothing of the alleged purchase, nor of tbe pur
chasers, but moh a Diets urn, in my opinion, would in
crease the difficulties instead of diminishing Jbem, by
adtllig a now aud rerious element of trouble. What
right hare American oiti/.<-ns to purchase land of an In
dlau chief, lying within the territories of a civilized na
I Uol? Uur government hits remonstrated with tbst of
England or the exercise of its power over thote Indians,
by wh ch tbe S ates of Centra) America have been kept
fjom the er j iy m- nt of tbe rights assnied to tbem by the
established principles of the laws of nation*, the ooatrol
if the abor'gltal tribes living within their terrltjrtal
limits. We have takes, aid jsstly, strong grounds la op
position to this pretension and It Is hnp v.siblo that o ir
government shi uld do any act recruiting such a pat
ctase, without the consent of the States totore?ted in ttiu
matter, Bow far JCrglsnd may be disposed to favor such
a scheme 1 know not, but one thing I know, and th?t is,
if she dees favor it, it will be in cm equence of the al
vantages which she expects to dorive from it. It 1b bit
ter for us to preserve our honor and o jnslstaa iy than to
co operate In any such enterprise, at the expense of na
tiotsl and eetablished rights.
Mr. Caw finished bis spesch at half paattwo, when Mr.
CLAYTOK got the floor, and the subj?ot was postponed till
to-morrow.
Af.er a short executive cession the Senate adjourned.
House of Representative*.
WaHUI.SCTON, .1*0 II, ISM.
THANKN AND A JiniAI. FOR ( APT. IMiKAItm
The Fpkakkr announced the Kri. business in or er to be
the resolution tendering the thanks of OucgreMi aud a
melal toCap'aia Iu&raham.
Mr. Pniuirs, (d?m ) of Ala , nort^ an amendment, to
strike out tbe words ' in extending the prot?o:lot of the
Amtrican government to Merlin Kosrta," end Insertion
1 in vindicating the right of Martin Koizta to Amer.oaa
protection."
Mr. Tkkkimi (dem ) inked leave to cfTer a resolution re
questing the 1'iesldent to oommunloate all orrej^otidenae
ether than that heretofore commonlcated, betweei the
State I>epar'm< nt and our representatives abroad, or with
foreign powers, relatire to tbe protection extended bj the
United S ates to oar aitlfens In foreign oountrier, and t)
those who have (feelai cd their lntentioa to beooui* citi
zens. lh's was objected to
Mr. Fikkikk said :he friends of Capt. Ingraham must be
giatified that there was not a dissenting Toioe in the
House as to tbe propriety of tbe gallant eoadno . of that
officer in rescuing Martin Kotzt*. The difTWity of gee
tlemen who oomplain of the action of the C immittee on
foreign Allaire Is, that they do not Bod in the resolution
lsngusge *>u flicie ntly comprehensive of the sense of gsl
Iicmj of Capt. lrjrraham, and at the same time enuacia
tin ot the principles on which hit conduc". should be jis
tided Tb?y oould frame do euli k? in which he c?uM not
concur. They can exprtse no language too foroiola In ap
prenatun if tte le t?r of the Svoretary of State. IW
thought in tbi? natter the Secretary was aim ist as fur
tuna's as Capt. Ingraham. The act of lagrabam wai a
bi Ijht act in naral tlstory So he believed th* letw o.'
tbt Secretary lcd cated a new era in American clplom ?cy.
The dee gn of the committee was H.st to ooanUment In
graham, and stcondly to ratli nalizs an Indtv.dBal no*,
which has r*>Q??Ud honor on the oonntry. The r?*olu
tlon ?*' acqni?st*<l In br both w^ig< aitii 9a
th? committee Me w\u'd ungest to t U' gsmlauian rom
Alstama (Mr I'hi lip*) that he might hare for>an>e the
nrnaik that the resolution was worthless and e'ri jpwl <4
Its fore*, when it was found that the member (Mr. IVao)
? ho origtrslly iutr.dnced the solution, reports' It iu
its aiotcderi form lira the Committee ( n foreign AITatrs.
The gentleman n.igbt hare refrained from the re nark tha'.
the lesclution was contemptible, when It was reputed
DBanimcosly by the Committee on foreign Allaire, c<impo
ledcf both wbigs and den' era's This rwaoiut on propose 1
a more complin.entary present than a sword, whlc*i
the other de*i| ned. In only few iustanoss havs mwlals
bain awarded, namely, to Pre' le. Perry, KUiot and
MrDeotigh. in every instance to naral ofH ?rs cunmau 1
ln| squadrons. lie contended that If the oomnittee hvl
designed to enot date a great national priacipii, they
could not hive employed language other than that ?m
b"dltd la the reiolutii n We bare acquteerivl long
enot gh in Kurt peso interpretation of the laws of nation',
which bare been construed to suit tte purpo en of arbi
trsr) dynasties. He repeated be wee ijlad tuis rasjlatlua
had rslsd oat a great nations! expression ef opin on,
aid further ? efeaded the aoilon of tha Come l;lee ou
foreign Affairs.
Mr. P>- \HY,(dem )of Ohio, said -The other day dar n*
the cebetss on this resolution, a (enlleman from 'tsorgia,
(Mr. HHIjer,) remarked that tbe r?s iutlnp ehonld nit <o
before the ci untrj wl hout the reaw>n? wl ich Induc-ii iw
? uppt rt. 1h> re was wisdom and propriety inihootMer
satloc. Had It not l>*en that during this c isca^ioi s >me
oj inlone had been exprtlxM] In wh ch he co-jii Lot nnn
cor, he rhould not hare ri*en to partieipa'.4 i a he de
ba'a After the defence by *he gontisitan from 1,13 siaoa,
of the action tf the n mmlt'ee, soy rein?i k ? if his ( 4-.
IN>cei's) would te narslled fir. The gen'l*inaa nad
pla -ed tbe resolution on gr^unis uncuiataka^le He lie
littn! it was eocoeded on all hatd? that Hanks O
Invraham, in a matter of public policy, are jas l/ da?
The otly difference of opinion exis'.lrg in aey part of the
Hi me was as tegaids the reasor.s f >r tha ju? lfl;a Ion of
his action Knry member ooncurs In tbe extent to whlih
the reso'u'ion go?? In tbe txamieation of It he
eou d ?re nr tub tamlal difference betweea 'he idea ant
pilnclpie of the re nolo to. D at it aow Is and tha anend
metit torgesttd by the gentleman froa AlatMma (Mr
I'lilllps ) He admired the ability i f the Secretary of
Stale, bat th?re were points la tha letter le simid not as
teat to. For purposes of omm-rcvi "nly, ths laws of na
tints hare recognlt d the prioclpls that an iali*ld<ial
may ar quire a domicile alien to the oouitry of his birth,
to ahl'h be owes aliegianse, and this la aqmtstUeahlf
laid down in all tte autborliiea which the Secretary has
qaotsd. Tl e e ror of the Secretary Is, he oesfnrki tbi s
fact and the dl-tlcc'lon drawn. Nationality goes with
don idle f rcommere'al purpiaes on tha principles laid
down by Sit William .-aott, aad fjllowed h? the AiTerlcaa
warts. In reply fa> a qatsilon by Mr rhillipa, he said
there were two kinds of allegiance one a tenpsrary al
Uglanoe gfowtrg out of domicile cooLeeted with com
nticlal tiarsaetions and the other jariranent alt*g:an-.e,
r rowing out of ? ke dnty of the citizen ii the abstract,
with' 11T regard to coniiTi rce or property, lie discuses 1
this aebiett a' aoi*e leng'h
Mr i RKmnji (wbtr ) of Ky., sail he be'.lered ths
mlltia on Knrelgn Alla'rs had placed this reeolutloa on
.he right ground, it was a kind 'f&aliimoie platf irm,
< hich til ccnl mpport, with-u'. being ccmmtttwl to aay
particular pout low A- It stoo.1, It was slmilya return
of thaika to Jngrabani for his defence of K?xata Wa?
this, t?a kid, 1 be sppropilaU body to announce dlplo
w alls doetriraf Were tte Ron-e to dUeaes It from day to
day, or should it be le t to emanate 'r-ini ths S?ere'a?j's
? fTioe, aed the House conllae theinaelrea to hanks tn a
gallant rflU ?-r f r the proteettna afforded by hlat ander
our flag a' r(*e''
Mr I h 1 1 1 IPs, in resp nse. isid:? TaliH n?e Is sun
pcied of tne repreeeet at ves of the A neriaan pe-ipU.
an thetefire It Is a fit place for tteaseertloa nf a great
pr<t ciple rn wh'ili our gnreretnent is conducted
Mr. I 'a?re> resamed, >a) lag the (tntl<man mlgh'
epreed Marcy'i totter, or the prina;plei of international
lew, before the resolution, a* a preamble, and noVi'w
doubt* the Boom may discusi the subject. Bat it wa*
far better for the Hou?e to acknowledge tie simpU fate,
that Ingraham did his duty. Thank btra for what be
bid dote, without pretendirg to go lato the prlneipls ot
internaticnal law, aa dlscuaaed by Marey anl lhUunni.
Be asked the gentleman from Ohio, (Mr. Kinney.) whether
or oot, up to the year 1848, aa alien, having declared
hie intention to become a citizen. and who left the coun
try t? mporarily after doing eo. did aot, on hie return,
lave to ormmence it novo Bat, from that time. aU
tbat part ef the act wae repealed; and Congrest aud '.he
government eaid to every alien, -Yon may go wherever
yog eboc**, and etiil bar* the time of your abwn:e run
in jour favor, and the pursuit of your eltlr.-nskip ?> all
not be interrupted. " Now, Congress eald this In effect
to Koecia; and if the government had refaaed to protect
him, it would have been derelict of duty, and a deluder,
instead of a friend, t? the alien.
Mr. 1 n.-oicr replied ? Admitting the fact, what did It
prove? It baa been the custom of every eountry In Ea
rope 'o adopt a mod* of natnralii itioc It wan no modern
Invention. Bat there are certain termi and conditions
to be compllel with to complete eltlu aahlp. In the
United State*, a period of five yea'* 1* made one of t)i*
condition* of cttlz?mhlp, and the abrogation of editing
allegiance to a foreign government and allegleace to
til*, la required. And until theae conditions are aon?
plled with, the etate ot eltlzen'hlp cannot b* acquired.
Mr. PaBTo.Ntrepl ed? Thia government, ha* said the alien
may go abrtiad to a neutral port ihall b? protected.
If there waa any part of the Searetary's letter he dlaap
proved more t ban another, It vu that whieh aayi it wal
optional to protect Koizta; but If Kosxta waa abaent with
the l'i plied tanoliec of the I'nltel States, It waa the duty
of the United State* without any option at all to give hid
Srotection He thoaght the country will stand up to tb*
i etrlne of the administration aa long a* it* vlewe son
tlnue what they now are. A* a whig he wa* glad Maro*
had written the letter.
On motlen, Mr Cllngman'a demand for the prevloag
question wa* seoonded, by aye* 82, nay* 68.
Mr. Dia.v, (dem.) of N. Y , having reported the reeoln.
tion firm the Committee on Koielgn Alfalr*, closed the
debate, lie wiihed It to be dlatinctly understood? di*?
tlrctly and unequivocally? tbat he preferred the retold*
tion of the oommittee to the one he introduced oa ths
seooml day > f the session. He wa* la faver of the revo
lution berime It came from one of the standing oin
mittee%of the Hun**, and because It goes forth to the
ci untry as having been deliberately adopted, and ma
turely considered. HI* refutation on till* subject was
olfered on the very (Jay the riesidett'd message ?as ?*nt
in, and be wa* anxious the same mail which carried it ta
the eountry ihonld carry forth the announcement that
Congress approved the cooduct t f Ingraham a* nrioh M
he I'resKfnt did. He did nut care ia what language tbs
resolution wa* eonebvd to be c mveyed to the world. i'ha
p?i p'e. In 1< nkiEg at thin vote of tfcankiand presentation
of a medal, will regard the aet, aud not the particular
phraseology. They will say Con^r-x* ha* approve! of
tbat which we have eropha Ictlly endorsed. Taa
whole design of the resolution was to pay lograhsm
a comilin'ent for lis gillsnt conduct, which la
approved by the utitel vole" i f the liberal pe??s
aid yeojle of the world We declare * prlndMa
whlcb Is the object of the resolution, and which contain*
three po'nts.vir First, the ri<ht of a man to expatriate
himself and choc** his own residence, irrespective of his
p'aae cf blrtb; seiondly, the ri'ht of the government to
afford pretention to snch persons as choose to c me VI
this couitry, and adopt it as their residenoe; thirdly,
the approval by Congress of the act of Ingraham, and o|
aot if our government in susttining Ingraha.n.
Mr. Ci'mmiso. ( 'em ) of N Y . explained that be In
tended to vote for ths resolution, bat could not sab?:rita
to the grounds taken by the g-utlercaa from Sew Yjrk.
He could not consent that a compliment Inten 'ed t.i bt
paid to Ingraham should go to the world as aneipoeii 'a
of a great principle, as the gentleman called It. He was
In favi r of tht resolution, on tbe ground of gallant, chl
vain us, and humane conduct by logratam.
Mr. Drah, on resuming tbe floor, said he trastel '.ha
resolution would not b* referred to the Committee of th#
Whole on the State of the UlI iu, as it would be e}u!va?
lent to votiig against the resolution.
Mr. Wbixi.uk, (dm ) of N. Y , wished to know bow that
could be.
Mr. Lira* <?) plains d. If the resolution w;ts sent there, It
would give ilse to further cebate; and, besides, the ap
propriation bills' will have precedence of consideration.
Mr. Wnui.m sail? A c> League who was absent denrwj
to spesk on this sot j'ot.
Mr. Dbak remarked that the gentlemas alluded to (tfr.
Lyon) oould deliver bis speech when they shall go into
Committee of the Whole on the State of the Cnton.
Mr. Wiiidjk replied, his colleague should be awara
that the administration gag game would be applied vm
cut ofT debate.
Mr. Dkan said he did not understand what bis eolleegia
meant By the rule* It waa always in the powe* o[ the
House to sav how lor g the drb?t? shall be allowed. Ha
?Utired to correct a mistake of the fact In referenoe to
the action of tbe government with regard te the eenduot
of lngialiam. It t as been said that the government at
firat hesitated and doubted about approving tbe act and
thi t it was not until after the popular palte bad been
felt tbat it Fanctioned it Intra- aic '* letter was re
ceivMl here, giving the lataiJl of tbeatlalr, about the 19tk
of August, aid irr mediately, and as som ai the mail
ceuld oonvey It, a letter *a> s?nt by th? Secretary uf ths
Navy approving Ma prompt and iidicloas conduct. Sec
retary Marcy furnished a'm'lar letters to Smyrna aad
Constantinople In corclusim, Mr. Dean aaid, we havs
taken our pr sit ion as ti European eolonixation oa ?v.il
continent and ita a' jaeent lalaol*. We'are now ca..?d
upon te take a step forward end a'surne dlatinctly nnr
positloi aa to the rights uf tho*e who are entitled to '.be
protection of our gove- nment, whether they ?? na'ural
cit lens cr Dit. and that praitlo i i?, '.hat the dec* <?! aa
Ameiisa nn ship Is, in all plaoea, sacred, and 'hat "-e
spot on our own or for-ign *011, on which a person in
vested with Aatrican nationality stands, i* as inv.nUbSs
as the sanctury of the g?-s.
Tbe House refused te re'er the revclat oa to the C m
mil tee of the Whole on the State of the t'n oo, i>y
aye?. 60, nres 183.
The auiecdmtnt of Mr PniLura was vn?ed down w th
oot a division Tbe ref lation was adopted in f rm aa
hj i . 1 1. h ly reported, by yea* 174 nays P a? fellow* -
Yeas. Mts-r*. Aiken, Jas. C. Ai en, Wallia A"'i Arrle
tfln Uaj Iv, Banks, Barkudale, Barry, Bcl;ber. Bell, U. n,
Biiselli Bocii k. Boyie U'e-kcnroi^e, Iltidirn |tr < k?,
Camplill, Carfecter L,hambtrlaia, Cladltr, line,
Clriatman Chnrekwell. CllnRwiin, CoSb C (-k, 0<r>?.n,
C'*, Craite '"focker, Cill"w, Camming*. Cu'i >?. D.>"*
of lad., D*vir b. K. I., IHw.oe, Dean. I) <c?y, D w-lell,
Tnnbar. E' dy Edwards. Kdmund?^a, Cilia o, r.n/ fi,
Et.-itridge. Evi rhart, Bwirg. Farley, Fanlkner. Feu' a,
F a*ler. Franklin, roller. RlddlDga Urnnv od Or.y,
Gn w, Hamilton Harlan ot lad.. Karris of Ala . Harris ot
Miss., Harrison. Bastings. Ilcndrliki. Hean, lliloa d U s
ter, Uilljer. Bmston, Howe, HiizSs*, Hunt. Iu<ert 1,
Jones ol N T , Jones of I.*., Keitt, kerr. Kid well, kit'.ru.'e,
Knox Kuits. l.amb, I.ane. Latham, L>rdley. Lindsley Via
D'l-.pall. UiKullen. MoNair, Ha.t, Macy, Matlwon, Mua
rice, Ma>?ill, May, Mayall. Mearham, Middktwi -:h,
Mlll-.-r of Uo., Mi lor of Ind , Million. Moiriioe, Mur
ray. Noblo, N'rton, Olds, Oliver of N V., Oliver ol Mo.,
Orr, Peck. Peckbam Pesnington, Perkins sf N. V.v
I'erkias of la., Phelps, Plir.ips, P.-att Presos,
Frirgle. Feady, Rirliardson, Riddle, iticbie, Eo' btos, aic-rs,
Howe, Bv tfin, Palim, ?age, Sarp, Seyreonr, Ji.in to ??-r,
Shiira< us, tlicgletsn, Sk< Hon, (?irrit ?inlth ol N V Sicvtli
ot Texas Cnca^rao, Sellers, 8ta* t^a of Tens . Stanton of
Ky , fuvmi of Mich , StraUon, Siraub, S'.nut nt Oris,
Sinait of Mleh , Taylor of N Y, Taylor ef Obi.jTtorstoa,
Trary, Trout, Tweed, Unham, Vail Wade, Walbri'r*,
Walkor Walley. Walsb, warren, Waah^nrte'.l IU, W?-h*
bum of Me Welle, Wenlwcrth ot 111 . Weatw rti <?? Mass.,
Wesitri ok Wltte, W ri;'ht, Yates, end 7. illk .i! r ? I (
Wavs -Messrs. Abertrcmbie. Clark, flar'.i^ ol u ia.
lla\-n, Jones of Tcnn., MoDonald. Parker, l'aryaar. ut
finlth ot Ala.? V
T Vt HKI.NTI.VG OK THE CEjmft RET I KWS.
Mr. fTAKToa. (dem ) of Ky , from the Cimmttee CM
Prinllnr. reports against prln'iig additionai c-pies ct
large volu.ue of t eneus returns, upwaris of two- 1> toon?
saEd having already been ordered fv.r the U'e ofCjng'?e?,
but reported in favor of prlntiog fifty thjQiand copies
c< n pendintu of csnens.
pendug tLv consideration of the subject, the Hium
adJcHlB!J.
Fnltcd State* CommlMloii(r'i) Csart.
H-tore Kicbard K S?il??ll E-q,
Jan. 10 ? Charge of SioMng IsUzrt-Th- t'riUrd Shi let
rt Charlrt // M'trJi ? in thie case k nuriber of ii goiM
w#re examined ey Mr Kldgeay, the A-elium I>i?u.at
Urtey, who appeared for the gorerameot. The ?u>?
I'uci of the left moDj 1> thai a tatter, written by a I* if,
and p<?t?d at I'tioe on the 27th I Voe rn ber leet, co
log two <*rafte for $160 eanh, anttwociice. addree??t to
John I'rwiM, oar* of Burr, Griffith % White, 6! <?!ar
?treet, New York, oame by mall t 1 the erty of New
York. but did sot reaih Mr. l'rantlee. ."ae defrTd.
? at wee a cleik la the hone* of 0, (5. & W.. (of
which hrniee Prentice wae bookkeeper ) aol I ??? a p?rt
of bl* htulneie to get the letter* from the P. st OfBce Mr,
Preatiie learnt' g, by a ttuWquent latter from Cu-a,
that the drift* had b?en anilei ee.led at the banking
htuee of Buigoice Plume, !? Wall etraat, on whom ha
dralte were drawn, aod then learned that tha falh? of
'he de'eodiat h?d preeented one o' the drate bit it ?aa
not pail. At an lntefvi?w with tha boy Clur e< ha
eUted that he fosDd tha draft by i'ealf in the ?-.ree> it
the onrter cf Weil au! Will 4m itia^tii, on tbe *e
oember aid would 10*. tell of ft at tbe etore. b?cmw a*
wae afraid tbe wrong peri 00 might cUtm it. 1- ^tr
ari-??red thet Mr Piet-tlee ?w c neUntly In t e t* ot
w itlrg to I'tlea letter, directed to M. A Ba-kne. .ha
Creon ie whoee favor tbe draft w?? drewo, > asd t!t ??*
Here were taken to the Poet eyCh'rl.' f.ert
fiire. on hie otamlnicg the draft, he wu't t?r? ,>"n|.
nltai the ram* of M. A. Hick tie A e'erk is ha
Poet ( filre al?o iettifitd that a letter, anewenof ne
prriptl n of the one io queetkn, tut 10 3. <i. \ C '? b?*
in U e J'oet ('ffl ?? boUii'ny week Another witneee fiflrf
t at he te-? ired a letter on the 28ta, d?te?f a' I'tra tba
V7'h, wllili eat mallei by the name pere n wh 1 m*( eS
the one Mr I'-eatiee, end at the iana tim*. F rt tha
d> fenra, the only eridesee prVnr'd ea> ** to Ih* j' .at
of time when tb* ^raft wae 'cibl I All three iwore po
?it'rely that it wee on Toeeday, hat . a critical enemina
tlrn M.need that Ihey might be laletaaea a? to tte day;
mere. >eer tl:* b< y admitted that he bad fonod tbe draft
on Wedtetdey; therefore h* could not bar* brought tt
bout cb fueedjy eveaing Arte r argument oa bo'.n ei^e*
the Con mineioter thorgb* there wae euffleieat tn ieooe,
ami aecordlagly committed the ae^.aeed :n full
Jh> I't.tird Ktala in Httry I'poa exam in.ig tbe
two w(ln??-ee for the I'attad jlavee In thie caee, itci' aot
app? ar that tbe letter charged to ha?* bees ent>ert e4
by the d-feodant. had er?r bees io a poet rfll-eor th ough
the mail. Wolf waa, therefore, discharged oa bmiUlo of
>1r Hidgwey
Supreme Circuit Court.
It-tore Hob. Judge Morrll.
J** 11.? W W Hurl/*.! a' l uthenn. I'rter M S^ktr,
? Thie <11 a mi', toreeoeer the amouat of meiaaaajta#
?old R 0 Bardeaburgh, ef Oat' kill, cn alleged falae 'epre
?entetioLe mede bj the parchaeer. Hardeabargh baJ
tone time pierloae tn thie traasactlia iaforme<) the
plalet fl'n ? geatt lathe wee wortk $10,000, aad ?hen ba
? i? btijlrg tbo?eg"oda he wae reminded of bh 'o-roer
?tat?aen>, end did not eootratict it O a tbie Implie ' aa<
enraace cf bl* owning S10,t00. th* pleiotiffi e It hiot
t or de to <b* amonit nf |K0, wbl'.b on arrlrieg at C?ta>
kill were not t* at to Hardet bargb'e (tore, but toaao*b?r,
if d le e few der? af er tbe goodi were gieen by lUr.lea.
bnrgh Io the defeaiftat. In pejmect of aa ea'eoel-at
>'*St. with tbe exeeetioa of (It, ehleh the refeadaet paid
la c*>h Sh rty afterwarde Rardeakargh'e etore a ad
1 tl*er pr> petty wee ?< Id ty hie cie'l ore aad did aot pro>
> uc? et flieteat tn pa; hie debut Hardaaba'gb never. ba
|. re ? wore, on tbie trial, thet whea be trade the rep>e<wa>
tetlonr be teiiewd tbem V> be trtw the Court oh?-g*4
th- ji ry If th> roode were eold 00 the f? th of fa^?e repra
?eita'wi ae a>?d? bj H.r enborgh al h>ugh he b>li>re4
?hem to be trie, aod that be parted wi b ibo>e ?'*?!? ta
pe;n? at of ?r < >d ?bt, the jlaiat B maet reecrer V.f.
diet 'er plelstiff |i I