Newspaper Page Text
that thi* rfcht ooaaa* wfcaa prohibited by WMHKa of ft at*'* ?>dM tki a??u wptton apoa ? K-1-1- r-atJ if jireU foo?d?d. would re-idar ? '"?'rTalial of ncflm. and o< o'leae 1U eii*te*M Hftta Itlntotlw. it follow* tbit It aw I J^HBHEaedooasisUaUy witt the principle* of oar I claims the paterelty of thi* pret*n I ??, wbw at where It origlnat?d. It U oert -.Inly of vsry l^nt birth, uknowa heretofore la oar poll leal dlaiu* ?I at Urn MMrftl aobjeet. The *arprise I f#u ?> ita I Brt iiinihn ha* act at all dlmtalshed by time or I Mimittiff. but rather lncreae?d, when I saw th* readl- J ?ttiii wai wttti which It had beta mmItiI and ado>t- 1 ? ? by a lam portion of th* eenatry. 1 canao'. bat thlak I I Bit it haa m* aadergeae aad iadeed that it aaaaot lately I I Idergo, that Hf? iavestigation whloh oan aioae aitab- 1 I 111 the validity of ft great ooostitatioaal pretend in, so I la lt? crigin, and ?o 'mportantio it* ooaMqaenoei. I ? air, aot to b? mlaunderitood. To* q section I I ^??1 ralalee to tli? constitutional right of aa I ^^?a to takabli ilav** to aay ''Territory" at e Called Btatee, aad ther? to hold them, wh lUrtr may tli problMtlca of the local law. and not to the aa ? orlty of OngNM 1o reetraln him by legal enactment*. J ilgk I entirely deny, whether they come in the form of > ordlaaao*. or of a Wlltaot proviso, I ? It la aot a little extraordinary that after all the com ^Alatawe hava heard apcei thli iubjeet Oongreaa baa I ^?t pieeed a etagle law exelndlng any man or property I ?| the Kezlaaa acquisition* Not mm. New Nexloo I ?Utah lemaia jut ai open to the admisalon of slavery I Httk kcai ai they were the hoar they paeeed iato the I Hntaof the Ualtcd State*: aad Ita exolaaioa from I la the ftet ot th? people, aeaembled in eoave*. 1 HH^a their constitution, and aot the aot ot the I ^?MbBhett, Indeed, la ? remarkable epeech in thii body, I ?marktble for fta American cltiien in an American I ?(is latere, undertook, by a peouliar process. to hold this IMremmeat responsible (or the measure, makiag It one I ?]> the more in hi* long eataloga* of off. ne?* W- tflwbltaally hie argament ran thaa i Too oar* aa right to wee the Wilmot proviso. Ton idmltted OaUIoraU Into the Union California laaerted the Wilmot proviso la her aonstitu oa. Therefore yon pawed the Wilmot proviso. Buoh are the premisee aad the oaclqiioa ehftrged by r. Rheti apoaa aaotber Senator, a* the dootrlneot the tter, but awamed by the former at hi* owe, whea he kid : ?? Sir. the Senator *M right." Sir the Senator* were wroag? both of them wrong? i' tr. Khelt waa andentoril oorrectly, ft* I doubt the props ? Hon intended to b# advanced fty the member re'errel I ?>. I have pat the argument la the ayllogiatlo form. I ?mitt log it* detail* , that the proofs* nay be the more ?ppareat, and the eonalaelon the more satisfactory or ?aiatiifactorT, aa it 1* approved or dlaapjreved. A eom H ou id ?yDoglfln I think they call thi* form (a the ?cbools Bat all the subtleties of Terbtl m*taphy*lM, ?mm the day* of Aristotle downward*, wi ih their maj tr minor term*, their copulas and predicate ', aad all ^?othat machinery bf which words usup the plaoe o! ?eat, ooaldnot Mtabliih tha truth ot sua* a eon HlnsUiD. ucr peraaadi the ameriran p?opl< that. l*eoaa*e H Itate ezelade* or a<1mit* >larery br ita eanRtltutlon, ?roB(r?aa I* reipenKlble for that aot when it provide* for ?he admlarton of each S*te into the Union I repeat, ?hat not aa aot ef the gee?ral government ha* touched ?he claim in the aligKest degree; and It ever aa American ?alght by law take *lart' to any or the regioo* acquired ?rom Merieo, ha may do It j*i, io tar an regards the oper ation of Oongreeelonal leglalatlo*. It W a jillelal qu*a ?ion, which may at any tlm* ba brought before the j adl ?iftl departmeat ot oar goT->rnmeat. ? -And ihla bringe me to the ron*14eratioa of the trne ? .'ound ot the oomplain's, and how for they have any real ?nadatlra. I ^?The South 1* excluded from the Territories robbed of ?ham, plundered of them, and they are appropriated to ?he North 1 ? Now. U thi* fo, Mr lVc>l'!eu* ? What prevent* a ^Kuthern man from going to any ot thoae regl-iw uoder ^?* Jime dlroumatacce* a/i a Northern roan, If h- ebon?eJf Hiiw of nc thing P lyrtoallj, one can go a* will as the E^Kher: for, la the laugoax-' of a great dramatio Met,, both ?tve "ejee, haad*, eiytrl, dimenalon?, rorro ire. affeo ^Koaa, ptaelont; ftd wlta Hio *ame food, hurt with the ^^?e wrapoaa, (abject to the aame diaeaiea, htalad by Hate mean*, warmed and exihd by the aaue winter ? eummer." ?if there It no physical lraapaclty, atl ber is there ft ?balone, in the way of em'grants from the North or ?rom the South. All are equali; ireetogoat thoir plia ?ue. The statute bo A is without ? single prohibition Hpon the anbjeet I W hi re. then, tr, thi? u*jii!t exolaelon- this act of ^?roolna* roboery. on the pert of the g?atr*l govsra H|entf It certainly la co an act of oouimi?>i?n, for ?Coo^r erb has aot l?g..lit?' upia the inbjtct at all. It Bsit be a robbery by o?jt phi- a new sin In the deoa ^?ae. The existing Hwk cf the eoan'ry rendered the ^?dltloa tf slavery ?n illegal one: aad it wa* caatended ^?t the aot of annexation, and the constitutional eq~ia ?ty whloi 1* ita immediate aid *eoeiiary conaequaaoa, ?htoaated thi* provision, and that a sl>v?hol ' er was aa Whoid hi* peculiar property there a* are tha Inhabit ^?t* themselve* to h?li aaj other ipeole* of property, ^?ell, thi* la Qbvloualy a right, which, it it exist, cannot taken away, aad which may a* aay time bs eaforoed ^?fore the jadlelal tribunals It has not evea been ^Huched by Congreeelena) action, and it i? a mere perver ^|on of term* to talk of robber y, where the right aad the [remedy, whatever thoae may be, are la j *t aa much force ^?tver, *o for as regard* Congre*aiocal legislation. It la ir.bberj without a robber as eggrtmioa without aa ?Bgreaecr, aa iajory with cone to oommit it, aad none to EShII by It. I rep***, Ifcaa, whet prevmt* e Bouthera mil from ge tag to My Of tku? Mexican acqulsltiona f The onlr in capacity alleged, la the iaaMhtv to hold ilarai then Ave thia inability, if it exiat, reeoito frunt the la * of the ?Uee, aad, In point of ihet, ia iaooaaiatent with the aa ?umpkea aim iinHMailinil right. aad woold M hafWe I It, asiaM M ha ?MMMt tart Mvlag t? othen to io ?epiiili th* wahMIHIiii, I here to remark, that thia Sffloultj moy rwolre !Mf into two objectioe*: Drat, that slavery ia ao HHwnrj to himen oomfort, to ?omfortabUjjRtateaee ladcel, that oartfcmthara brethren Mnaot Uve where it ia not established, and that to aulidi It, U to exolade them from any portion of |M earth, howtrer otherwiao dt a treble Now, air, I i ?an admit a* each poeitioa. I have too high aa opt ftioa of the peonle of the Scath to beHer* that they Mailt aoooossodat* themcelve* to eay social ayitem of | jrhieh aiMirr 4oaa not form aa eaaeatial part Thla la ? TMT diCareat question from 1U eeUoltahed e*i*t ?awe In a eommanity a t which we are membtn. Then ?re may well apbolt it, from tho etuvio'.ioa taat lm-ee diate rain would follow iU extinction in any manner yet ?dared te public eanetderation. Upon thia aubjeot I ?hould feel juat aa the 8buth ftela, were I rest Sent there, ?ad ahouM hoU ia abhorreao* every external effort to Interfere with thla amine otout que*tlon. Bat far other wlae la U>* propoaitirn, that to lire in a oonslavah aiding eomm unity ia a laorifloe which amoauts to aa Interdiction againet entering into it; aa utter exelualoa from it* ad Vantage*. Why, air, people from *l*v*ko'dlBg State* jrac'lcally a.ntradiot such an attorn ation every day, by inlgretiag to other State*, wh?re alavery doet not exist, aa thrr are continually ( ole,' : and 1 presums that ao oae anil deiy that tamaa comfort aad the blmslag* of dv Ilised life are to be four d to maoy eommaeities at hoae and sbroac , from which alavaiy bai b*?n exalade 1, or tgb*re It never t slated. It U worse than Idle to advance Koch a propoaltlon. It U rebuked by the experience of the world The aeoood objection oonucoted with thla alleged aelsnre ?f tbe pablie domain, It. that a Southern m?o cianat go tbare beaanae he oaaoot take hit property with him, aod lajthni exeladed by peculiar considerations from hit a hare B ( the oommon territory 80 tar aa thia branah ot the tovj#ot connects iUelf with regarded merely a* jropertv it ia oertalnly troe that tbe necesalty of leaving and of dtap-^ing or them Day pot tbe owtera to Uooaveaienoe, to lota tedeed? a ?tat* of thlage Incident to all emigration to distant re gions: 'or there are many speclei of that property whteh ?onstilctes the oommon stock of eooie'y that ciniot be taken ttere Sjaie, t scans* thev are prohibited by the laws of ratnre, aa houtwa aed farms; othcra, becaaae they ar? prohibited by tke lawa of man, m alavei, Incor porated eompanlee, monopolies, ami many Interdicted ?rtielra, and oteera, again, because they are prohibited kj atatutioal lawa, which regulate the transportation of miopertj, and virtually eortne much cf it wt hin certain Bmite wkiah It eaaaot overeomt, ia ooniaq-unse of the azpenae attending distant removal; and among thee* latter artt*|*a are cattle, aad mnoh of the property ?which la ev*n where to be foued. Tae remedy In ail fthete ease* ia th* taao*, aad it eqoaUy appllcab)* to all ?tostea of proprietora, whether Hving in i(eieacha??tte, or New York, or Sooth C?n-l.na; and that it, to convert all thee* variona kinda of property Into the oniveraal f riprtteti tatlv* of valae? money? anf to uke that to then* ?aw regloaa, where it will oomtnand whatever may be atecteaar y to aomfort or to protp*rooa enterprise In all theae intaaeea th* practical reenit ia th* aame, and th* aase la tb* aonditioa of *qaal'ty. I KtVened, tlr, with peat inUreat to the *loqa<>at re ?atka or tb*B*aat*r from N -rth Carolisa (Mr. Bad(*r) ?pon this whole aabj**t. aad e^ptelaily to thrae In walah he depic'.ed with equal force aad feeling the palatal eir ecma'*nc?aaaaa**trd with the diarap loa of thoas tlej of kabit aad aflaaHon whioh bind *v*ry jaat master to hit ?lav**, aa 1 parti*alarly to tho** doatatio alavet nut la Manatelv aaaooiaUd with bit family. Thla ia ao. air, be yend doabt; aad it la among the kar?h trl?la which wake part of th* ablfting sc*n*< of lir* la which we are all eagagad. Th* Norihera emigrant ha* hit fail a hate of thM* MMMMa, for tareiy ind*ed does ha fail to leav* tiehtrd blm torn* of th* deeroat objecta ?f hit UTeotioaa, too often with Nttlahop* of r*jMnt*g tbem on thli ildc Of tbe *rave Th* ectuea of aorrow b long t* th*t life of ?hangs, ebleh almrat ttakrt part of the Americu) charae Mr Bu*. palaful at tker are tbef aaaaot enter Into to* Celt n luadcn of legal or ?ja*tilotloaal ri|bta, whlbH ap p^l to : ijrt) printlplaa asd not to th* klaltt*r amotioaa t>[ tbe be art. I* fol owa that aT th* oltlf ?aa of th* Unlt*d nataa hav* Sqnal claim* to go to the national domain under equal I sfreoirttaicM, ateh reaponaible to th* lawa, and eech a*.p'w*tert to takt whatever tbe law perait. Otherwtea. aa atraaf a a ooefntion would exlat la th* legal aytUae of Uke Te-rttoriea, at existed in the language of th* world Irfceti the prlmi.iv* race was lettered a poo th* plalat of Bblnar, and wbtn *ae man couil not unoerataadaeothar'a ?peeeh. Th* tewnr* and tb* InciOcata of property wnnld not be regulated by th* la we of the oouatry whara it would be et. joyed, but by the laws of the oountry whense It .came Ffcch a r'lnelple would strike at larepeo'ent aad ne aeetary Iftlattct ? at man; polloe lawa, at aaal'ary lawi, aad at lawa for th* prottteMoa of public and private BM>r?la. Aidant aptriu. daadly poiaoaa. Impl'men'-a of gan irr, as wall aa varloua ard 0e?? forslga bank blUa amnvg othtra? injwiona to a prosperoua one1. IU M of a o*e aooiaty, would be plaa*d beyoe-1 ttw reaeh of lewU latlva interdiotten, whatever might b* th* wants or th* Wlahee of the country upon th* aabj aat. For th* e matt tutvaal right, bv which it ia 0 la lined that th*** speciet ' of properts may b* taken by tb* owa*ra to th* "tartitori ?' of tb* Uvlted Sutaa, eaaaot ba aoatrollad, if it *xiat by . |b* ioeal l*gialature*; for that aeisht lead, aad In many I ea*M would lead to tb* dartrnctioai or it* valua Ifappren tto*< w*r? mad* property, aad their term ot s*rvto* phouM be aztmdad by aay m*mbar of th* *oafed*ratioa ta ihe age of alxty Mara, or to th* full term of llfl*, ot, H gageabaaJd ba tatrodnoed, or whit* slavery b* **tab d by ladewtare, or la at y 6lh*r form, the** a*w 1 of Mtvltad* wauld be plaoed b*yoad th* r*a*h of Urrritorial laws, aad wauld iatrodao* th*ms*hr*a ?aver the pa bUa domain exists. Aad *aa th* peonage olKew Mealeaabe oarried bp right to Hitaaofei Or, Md CaUfotato retataad It, weald tae lew* ragnlatieg It tiT* sx**adad Ut? eliaa Immediately over an th* T*j litory ; Atal, eertaialy , the eaee pat by th* flaaator from ? a ima>*ai ttr taaha aeu wwnaue let* aaia; iar i t pate ah*M N imtMil hr htjrf; ?? ?!? hp WN* ta nteh, tad ahotdd oikt part at lta coa*tltuttoeL thaaa eoateauora of the word of God, aad cf the f Milage oC Wi ?Jght trana'er th*aa*ei??a with their he reaaa. to llf d( ttl terltoiiM. Hd lk?M ilw It offi eoatomptaf law aad religioa. Ilia evtteatir Uaiadoetriae to m?d, I that the jurisprudence of a oonntry would nut be regale I tod by It* condition, nor kv the wants nor wiehae of lt? lahabitaata, but by thirty -on* raenote lag ialetaree, equally ladifleraat to lta Internet, mm) iinorul ?f Mo aeoeeaittee f Such a system would ba a m thing uader tha eta, the aphorism of tha wtoa maa of Israel to tha eontrnty aot ? Wtthstendlag. Tor, it will ba observed, that tha aaiaa i Meets id, whleh ton ih both tha priaetple aad the praetiee i o t tta demand, an thoaa whore tha right to hold tha pro perty la prohibited by tha looal lawe: aad, Indeed. thla , aocaaaartly taanlta bom tha aattira of things; for If pro party to tha arttalaa wara reaognlzed aa a lanl oondltloa, tha controversy would ba orar, wtthoat aay laveetiratloa j lata tha relative poaltioa cf tha Btatoa aad tha ' tairi lo ry," or tha Territories, or tht aoaaaquaaaaa it briage with It What law. then, governs tha Inotdeata of aaah pro hlbltod pro party, thaa claimed to ba hald la opposition to tba law of tha plaoaT Mot tha constitution or lawa of tha : Uoited Ftatee, for thay do aot louah tba subject at all; | nor haa Congress, If it had tha dlapoaltloa, tha alightaat I authority Una to meddle with the -latere al affalra of tha people of thaaa oommenlUee. Wa have only tha lawa of I tba leepectlve States to fall bash upoa, to regulate tha taoora of thaaa apaetoa of ^property, and to protoat lta aa joy meat, aided, Indeed, by aoaia ln?orutabie oparataoa of tha constitution of tha United Btatoa, which giraa a hiad of motive power to tha property lawa of tha aataial Stataa,? a pre s? u mora aatlly asserted thaa proved or explained. Atd we are thaa brought to thla a triage prececal re rait-- that la all oontroveralaa relative to thaaa prohibited artialea, it la aot the atatate book of the oountry where thay are to ba haU whleh muat ba ooaaultod to aioertala tha righta of tha partiee. but tha atatate hooka of other gcvernmenta, whoaa citizens thaa, la effeot, bring their lawa with than, and hold oa to them. Bat la prooeedlag farther la thla investigation oar difficulties are increased Ina'ead of being diminished. I do aot know that I understand praoiaaljr tha poa tion whleh la aaaumed with reepaot to the | axtant of thia priaoiple of exemption? whether it applied to the olttcena of oae " ?tat?, ao aa to aaable them to taha to the territory" of the United States, aad there bold aay property reeogniaed aa auoh by the lawa of aueh State; or whether tha exemption beoomea uui vernal, allowing all tha cltiaena of the Unite.'. Statea to take any prohibited artialea to thii region whloh are da olaied to be property by the lain of any one of the Statu, although not reoogalaed aa property by tha Uwa of their o#?. Or. in other word*, to uaetheexpre?aloa of aa eml n*at South' rn Sjnator, whether thla "expansion of rect* nition" at once apraada tha lawi of property In each Stat* oftheUclon oyer everv Territory for aJl tha elilaana of tha United S atee or only tor lta ova al liena, that they may ei joy the aame righto to their new reel3enoae aa in their old onaa. If tha former, thu expansion ia not only wonderfully expansive as to Territorial jurisdiction, bat a? to juritc lotion ever aarivora, bringing within tha elaa tie graip of a State Senate the whole body of the Aneri can peop'p. Nor, indeed, do I know whether all thoae who oonenr In a eUim of exemption concur aa to lta ox t-nt and tha ooneequeoces It brings with it The e <v.trine, aa I gather it from the dtclaiaUoaa 1 have met with upon this i nl'jict, anl some or wbioh I hare qnotad, aa4 from the nata re of the wrong complained of, aaamad to ma, ai I have already aald, to oarry with it a claim oa behalf of the citienn of each Sttte to take with th?m their B'e party whloh they hold at homo, aad to erjoy it in thla oomni*n "Territory." Ani thia teeme to have been the poal jjn taken by Mr. Oalhoun; ff r I obeetrai, in reviewing the debate* in the S?Lata upon thla lubj i#t that, In aaaaer to a remark af Mr, NIU h, ha placed thia right upon other griuadn, 'npno the coKitir of the State a of thlt Union. " What that meana in the lcrea lgatlon of a coastltutlf sal claim, aa 1 do tot underatand, I aha 1 aot undertake to Inre'.tigate. Mr. Mlea, in reply, atated the proposition of Mr. Calhoun to ba, that rltlcera frcm any it the State* are eatitled to ea??r any of the Terrttj.rfea, and enjoy the ja^e rl;ht< of p'oprrty there wbioh the;- ei'jojfd In thi States from which they remond. Aa thi> pc'altiou waa elated withoat eor.tra>isttoa, we may aasuiue that It exp e<>*e4 the Ttowa of Ur. Oalhonn. The wrong coanpUlaed of ia that the eTcluaton of aay artialea of property, ilavpa, for In. t^nae, frrin the pnblin domain, exclucea Ion th<> ecj >yment of ea:h domalaall the citli*i,a o; the Staiea where auch piop'-rty axiata, and thua ?epti-vea them of a ootatltatlonsl rig at. Thia ia the t jurr : but doea the temecy atop with ita reparation, or dora It go far beyond it? A cit'zen of Ma"?aohn?atta hulda properly in tha'. ft it*, and by virtue of it* Uwa, wheae litroluation into Oregon, wa w.ll auppoje. U inter dieted by local 1- gialatlon. A eitiaen of South Car >11 aa la in the ? me condition with reap-o'. to ?jm? other kind of property. T.e tr jury to e?.ch, and which it li aald praciiuall/ ? xcluJft him, it, that ha oanaot take hit pro perty wl'h bim, and ia thua deprived of hi* constitutional ''(quality of enjoyment." But can each take advaatage of the ltwa of another State, and Introduce articlea not racageUed aa each by thoea of hla own? If the prlaolcle extend* thua far, it certainly raaohea beyond the right it a?aum*e to guard. Tba wrorg and the remedy are out of just proportion to eaeh other. The citizen of Hauth Carolina, each la the clalo, eanaot enjoy hla portien uf tha "pcbliolaud" withoa tbe power to t*ke bin alavea with him, and there eada hla eon plaint; end tha citizen of Maaaaohuaetui U aub ? jentto tht MBae iacaiaeity, aileea he eaa take hla bank bill* with bim, o^aome otter prohibited property, and there al?o etda bia oomplaint. By removleg the Lmpedloant la each case we aatiafy tha erifinal demand; bai doea anew one then arlaa, which aeourea to a Northern maa the right to bay elavee, aad to take them to the common Territory, aot bceauae ha eanaot go with them, which ia the flrat pro position, but began * eome oae else under other dream a aneea anjoya that prlvUegaf aad, ecommrto. dtea a Sonthera maa poaaata tha same right? If thla be Co, aqaaliqr briaga ahont naarna ahaagee la tha ooadttioa aa M aa ia tha pr?toaaioa* of the yartlea. It Irat en ahlea the a lave holder to overoome tha local to?toiattoa by Introducing hla ilavea where thev ara prohibited, ia order to place him oa an equality with tba maa who cannot held elavee by tha lawa tr hla o?n State, and then it ea itjlaa the latter to puichaaa aad lntrodaee aiavee aluo, in rder that the inequality created by eqiallty mar itself made equal. I do not pretend to understand thla pro eta?I oaly atate It. Bat If the nmti; U cenSned to a redreia or the wron j c otnplalned of? tbat la, to the riUbli'himant of the rljk t ? introduce Into the common "territory'' all property wbieh ? man hold* la tall ova Stat*? then we enter a aaar 0*13 of eon rorarsy. It li sot nereesary I *houM as ptore It I lear* that to ttaoM who fanr Us d ctriae. Bat it weald work extraordinary r**ulta la ut country crdrr heaven wtaara it mifht ba applied. Emigrant* from different portion* of tha Union aoall hare different right*? acme to hold on* kind of proper:/ and some aao tber; aaeh bringiig wit 4 him tha liwa of the rita 'a ha left, to ctrrrala the loaal lawa, an<l te regal*'* tha laai danta of property prahibltad by tha Utter. laatead of a barrnonloua ayatem of jariaprndance, equally controlling all tha affair* of a country, then would be a ayatem mea suring their right* by tha places whenoe they aama, with d ffsreat eodaa for tha different emigrant*, net brought tog?thrr, but kept apart by tbii atraoge pretenaUn, with favored elaaaaa holding property prohibited to tha raat of the crrui. unity Ha who believes that ?noh a stats of tbir* i would ba tha fair conaequenoe o' any claim aoder J tbe eoBetitutloa of tha United Statea, or tha*. it woald ba 1 tolerated by pnblla opinion in State or Territory, onder i itaidatfce lcaitntloa* of hi* country and tie character | of hia countrymen rery differently from what I do. Oajtalbly, right* of prepcrty, origlnatleg el <? where, aad re?ogni*ed and protaetad in the o matry te whiih snob preierty in transferred, may* sometimes Involve qaeetiona tcscMrg the lawa of ta* plate whence it came; eat auih queatioea carry with them no olaim by which thoaa for e.gn ;ati override aad overrate tha jurleprideaa* of an. other country. They are auxiliary to the end* o* justice le determining tha original right* of the prtiea, bu'tbey do not take tha plaoe and aupply the placa of the dome* t'c law*, rtr aatiertake to anperiede them N?r are tha diflioultiea obviated, tfcongh they may in ?^me meaiure be changed, by uiaamtng that it la the doty of the Te-ri'.orial Legidatu * to pAja tie n-cesaary i?w? rec< g' lilng the existence and deBtio* the incident* end protecting the enjiymentof thia in'erd steel proper ty- A* a practical meaiure, thara would be extreme difll i* itty in precarlLg euch leglal*tloD,acd in ca^reley It into ? fleet, where both depend upon the act'on of a resrj'e 0-.ttimuaiiy.waich/rom the very uatnrei.f theproposltioa, ??ak ba rppoeed to the introduction o t e'arery. aad where public op- nit n la aa powerful aa In any po.tion of our ?'<intry, no Matter wbeie tte o her may be. 1 do rot ti>tch tee qieetion of Coftgrewional latarfareqse, hariag 1 era.ofore attempted to thow that (i>ngr?,e ha? no right to 'egUUte on tha aubjeot of *l*v*ry any mora in a Ter n'ory than in a Stat*. Iti rawer, nrialcg from ne jenity, t? exhanatrd by the establishment end regulation of pro per jadlclal tribunal*, leaving to the Territorial L*gi*la ture* the exerel'C of their peialiar lccil function*, la eolvlap all qaeatibna ooncsrntssr tha aatare aad iaridenta of prope.-ry, allowlsg or interdicting it at their pleaaure. 'ace co - cede that Congren* aai aay power aver tha que*, tion o' slavery, that ni. meat it hat all power, aa so o on lUtutlocal harrier can b* po'nted oat to wi lah it may go *o<1 rot or?rpa?a. A? I b?Te ?liea'y retrarked, tha diffleil*!ea whish ' or rouxd ttia que* loa mu?t ari?ta a p- li .-*1 ?o?vau ut f wb? nsa certain articiee o' property, acc*i aa aia**a, are ??xclu' ed bj a g-ne al law, for otherwl<e the Vubjejt l? 'ree from en.b tra ?n eat Well, the power of tue leal te|l>latcra to prehiblt th* introduction of ela?a? a* a uea*;al pr> p?aiUou coui i, und*rno eirouai*taacaa, be aua coeiftiliy diepu<?d. 1:1* a branch of t>?? I'gUlatireau'uo rtty, able power o regulat* th* aarion* ralattoua of i fa, ecctal and I'gal, th* relttion of huabacd aad wife, rf p? reas er I cl.'l't, of guardian and wirJ, oT drbv>r >o" cr?dt toi aad ail riiDllar condition* itBO*sii?<l b/ our Uatitu ?ona Ard whetler with eime? and th*t 1 . tuy poalttca? jou co tflre Covg'eealaaal actio* to tlie n-ee'*??; orga ?(! ?.ticn of Terri'irlal gif?'nment* tearing to thi reople, tie iegltlBat* ecnaequaiee, the enj^rineut ef ell lefleiatlTe powera not iaeooeiatent with tn* Aoratl'btlcn; or whether, with otbera, -oo Sad as authori ty tcMel in Coiigrea* te preaari'j* the eitejt to which T-riltoriai legieleUoa *ha!l teaob, tb* r?*ult, ae far aa r?*peet* thb> qqritiot of jariadietloa will b^ tha aane ] We cen only lor k to tha coni<ti*ntl -n of the UalteJ S.atea for a barrier to kx&l iegiala'lou, ar.< it will b* '.nal that thaa* ac)a before u*. a* wen)aa otbar* ^recite * then, upon Ttr.itoriel organlcaUon grant general powera of 1-al'lation, wbich iacluae the re al t n of ma>ter a id a er rant, aa well aa all the other ejnditlone of Ufa. Bat H.tte ga fettber In thl* Important matter tban any of thflr predeoeaaora In th* hiitory of oar lejialatian. Ttaay expraialy provide that it I* no*, th* Intentl m of Ooagrea* "to leg la late alavary Into any Temtcry or State, nor t) ? xclade It therefio e, but to leave the people thereof per fect y free to form and regulate their domestic inatita ti< rule 'heir ->wb way, luhjea) only te the cnailtutloa of it* Vnlted St* tee." Vkaa, therefore. It U claimed that ih? a'at* of ilarvry la beyond the teach of the?* |j*al Iflflatnrea, that claim, hefoie It I* alb wed,mu?t be eatab lltbed a* one eecared by the ooMtltutton ef ih? Utlt-d State*, and tha* plaeej beyon i Ut* reach of Uoagiwaaloaal or Territorial legtatatloe. ^ Bat, air, bow far I* thl* exemption from the I*m lod to be earrlec? Doe* It deprive the loeal leg i? I at ire of all p?'Wara la reg jlate the iacident* of thl* hind of prop* rt if If it ?oe* a?U the I -eg la la tore act at alL they muat be come merely a chamber to regiater the lawa of the respective Statee by airtaa of which tha property make* it* aatoaeaa Into the Mir jariadietica, and la that event, there would be aa maty varioo* kiada at tenure a a than are State* thua aoatrlbnUeg to lh* jariapradeaee of Brother oouatry ; for wa ail kaow that ihara arc inpor taat Mfleraaeea in tha lawa regulating tha eowUtioei of ilaveiy, tha fiiatributtea aad tha treataaent at alavaa, aad ter aaay other parpeae* connected with the iaatitotloa T all these are at the dtepoeitloa of the Territorial b^uie tare aothiag la sacra certain thaa that la polttlaal eosa maan?a ippsau to slavery, iae aa*? wseM brae aa ( ?nM m t> wiMt tofh tmmmi wmmmm, hi 1 aaHonttag lb* aandition of the rim to rash a degree U virtually to destroy Um tiIu of tha property. I do not urga these considerations aa oajeatiooa to the ai(UM< of the naVad right, bat u practical diHeuUles to tlit t?j of lt? aeserttoa, which wo aid renler li o: little, if, indeed, of u; valac. Bmt to Um MMtlM, and without local leglslatlen, what U the state of thla relation or muter and nrrut and what law |Ol?M It T Bow U the property to be ?eld ?? how distributed r-how protected ? Wut, to foot becomes of the vast variety Of subjects eonneo'.ed with i', aad rerouted by statutory eaaatmeato to the varioua slave Butasf DM* the law aseompany the property at it ana to* it, aad secure its eejoynent fa Its new domlall ? Bat I shall not pursue these inquiries, though laae para hie front the establishment of the fall right olaimed, bat wbiob, after all, must depend essentially upon the local leg islature, acting within the llmlti el its ooastltuUoial discretion Ho eyitam of jurisprudence oan prevail with out Its action; aad the praotteal ret ml t U toe obvlotu to require fait her examlnaftea And what would be the ooodltlon of the residents of a country immediately on ita annexation to the Unltod States, and of European emigrants who might remove j there V In ana war to a question of Mr. Dloklnton, Mr. Ynlea can led this doctrine to ita legitimate coacluston; aad raid that if Canal a ware purchased or conquered to marrow, thongh ita lawa prohibit slavery, yet alavea might ba taken there lit mediately from the Southern States, the local prohibition being proa tra tad by this " equality af enjoyment." In that evMtt, what wonld ba oome of the Canadian and the European emigrant ? Ia the prohibition prostrated also for them ? aad it so, how f ft r they have no oonatltatlonal " (quality of enjoyment" aa belonging to oo equals in the confederacy. The old raaidaate might, perhaps, be saved by soma spatial pro vision to the treaty; but without it they would find than stives subject to the pre existing lawa, and might ba sur rounded bya speeiee of property they could not poateea, This demand of exemption leads to Strang* results. And what would be the operation on the existing Terri tories, for they have no ?' constitutional equality," no "comity or States" to toll back upon? They present ?quit able considerations far equality, but to pout of ooasti tntloaal right, by which aloaa sach a question can ba tested, they do not WKe within the prinolpla laid down. Aad if n it no emigrant from one Territory to aaothar can take this property where it is prohibltad. nor could any person after becoming a cltizea of any Territory ln tro.1 use or hola it. and he wouid thus find himself In a tabooed o.ass, little euired to the prtle or f-e iu/i of an American. A state of things ludeed whioh could cot latt asywhsre in our country. For It mutt be recol:eoted th?t the grant of jurisdiction by these bids to the T?r.-it',rial lyegielatures over the subject of alavery is a plenary one. ! reatralaed only by the oourtHut on. They have, of cours*, the power to control it by abolishing, or b/ rstab llshlng and regulating it, just so far as the eo?etltutiou J does not stand to their way. And how far la that when the; chcoie to prohibit it? Until acute one euj jylng th? coLstitutional exemption praea&ts himself fur enWaooo into oce of these communities. He claims that the oou stitution guarantees his admission there, with ?tin and that he is thus placed beyond the reach of the boal lcterdiotien. Still, however, the law ramairs toex*rt ita power upon all who are not Iwl from its operation by higher authority. If this would not ueke a privi leged elaee to thi/i country of boasted eqaallty I do not kn >w what would Hereditary aristocratic distinction* lieve often owed their origin to far mora trivial cauras. I fee! that 1 should waste mr own time and that of the Senate by the further eonaldeiatioa of a proposition con ducting to etioh results. Hut, Mr. P((sid?nt, let us look at this matter In I another aapaot Who are the robbt>rs aad vho are thn robbed? the plunderers and the plundered? Who are the anthers, and to what end, and to whope benefit or injury, i> thin grea ? scheme of en plre etealin Toll act of poli tical rapid ry, without rxcuse, in without example ia the history of human selflihuess. There was no strife ' he tween the herdmiet" in the days of Abram, though now as then all parties were brethren, 11 nor was thtir tnVtance so great that they oou'd not live tofreibur " '-The whole land was before them," and li before us, and is enough for us aW ears to the hundredth generatloa. I repeat, by whom and egalnsi whoa Is this gratuitous Injury committed ? It Is toe South upon which the North kaa 1 id its heavy hand, and eelxed for a pat t tlie property which bt-longt to tie whole No*, air. it Is a meat unlets injutttite? a far-teaching tcjary, bevond the utual ken of even the mast shtrp sighted politician; for there ia land enough, and to spare, for the whole country ? fortheSorth and Soo'b, the Kut and West? for lot n sg-e to come. Folly and crime, it la true often go together; but the foil) of a pr?meditat*dr jb>ery, whose advantage Is to enure to ? r? uiote posterity. Is rare even in the catal< gue of hnuiau anormluei. I apeak of the eijoyn ent of the land ltae'f, the object of the " rob bery," a* I put out of view considered ns havlr g relation 1 to a political balance That no such plan of perpetual I equality In the confederacy was in prxpeot, any mor? than in exltteuse, when the convention surrendced Iti | work to the people, is obvious from clroumataaiea which make part of our history, and vhloh show that the States ! to be formed from the then existing territory within tha cilginal limits of tha Uilted States wiuld necessarily, from arrangen-ents prevlomly made, and which the coa ? Ututlon provided for carrying into effset, inorease the aumerical superiority of the non slavehol liog States. But what is tha " Santb," which is thus deprived of; ita just rights by an act of rapacity, consummating It* work by tha exclusion of I'avery ? Not all the people of the 3 juth, for all are net alaveholdara, and those who are net are not pre vented from emigrating because they oannot carry their property with them, whiob Is the allege! die qualification that deprives them of their rights, ft is not the " Bcuth" to which the entrance of the " territery and other property of tha United But tee" la thus praotually interdicted, but tha Southern slaveholder, while It is as osen to the Southern nou slaveholder as to every cltlzea of the Nerth. Tha manifest an or to this ptatenalcu it a local exclucloa will baoome mora obvtoas If the riwpc rutin betweoc those who do and those w \o d ? not hold alavee where the Institution of alavary axUU, in order to ahow which of th*a? parties may, wlut the at >r? propriety, be called the " South," so far as nnmbari cis Ktitute a p' litical oonmanity, and far indeed d?ei that element of power renah to this tha great day of b ama > rights. For thlapu note the Superintendent of theO'aot' has been good enough to answer certain iaquiriss msd to htm, tha raswlt of which I will kriefly state:? Tb* number of ihtTM to the Uai'ad SUtae U, , 8,30t 077 Tha ahlte population of tha slaveholAig Statrs U 6.322,418 How arc these slaves divided among the whites 1 By an approximative eetlnate it appears that | the whole number of *l?veho!d?ra~ fa about. . 350,000 Of these fonse are of couta* females, ?Jd toa* under ! >11* *a that the ad tit mate slav-hol-cr. fall short of tbat ; aamb*r; bat it ij suflolaatly near ttaa t.-u'.h t>r all '.ha purpose* I have la view. It would of ccurae b* mjuit to iaetltate a comparison between thin clan of pi. p'rty holder* aad the 6 879,418 perrons who do not fall wllhla I tbat oatrgury, whan look'ag to the effsota o! emigration, because irar; of 'ha Utter ara minor* and femelas, whore rtaldeace or nmntal u iadepeadent of t*etnae''vss. Bat ' asiumlag the wblt? male population abore th? age of twenty cue years ai the olaa* rsapo ilbl* for erai^ratlcn, ( by aaceitafbing what proportion tba slaveholder* baar to ; this elate we shall ba a ale to form, not aa ae jurat t, bot a satisfactory eatimate of tba effect of thia supposed later Clction upra the Booth. fbrra ara in tba slavahoUtng S'.atea about 1,839 fcofl white mile person! abore the age of twenty rne ? cars? 1 which, divided by 360,0^0, the number af slaveholders, gives about three adult white mala pa. son* lor eaoa pir ?on holding slave*? constituting thru* fearths of the wbc la adult mala population of the oouitry. Tba d lata of Naw Jsrsaj la reported at containing 33S slave*. The outr ber Is to email tbat that Bute hat ba?n omitted in this calculation. Tba Superintendent of the Csaaua esti mate* that tbe popuUtlon of all the faoaUiea Interested In slsv?s la tearly equal to 3,000.000, Now, air, It la evident that there la a great majority of the jeopl* of th* 8 .athern a ai'? who ara free to go wbaia they will and aa tbay will, without any of the aaori flees or embarraaammta, or Impedimenta, charged aa re sulting from this peculiar spectre of ftoperty. I oo not undertake to state what li tba tra? prop irtian between thle majerlty and crlnerity. I merely give tba basis cf the calculation. a? that every one may form bia own ooealoaloa. I leek moral reaulta, atd not abioluta pr?clalcn. How can this minority, estimate it aa yon will, raapeot able aa it ia by eharscter, position a?d latelligeaca, be eslled tbe Hou'h, cr bow cm ihe North be charged wr.b appropriating lard to itself to which s > great a majority of the Bcc.Ueru population may go without evaa the pre text of a netrlottn r It Is bad enuu<h arbitrarily t"> ez elude one man froni tba tnj iym*nt of hi* rights, acl Willi ruoie to axclode izany, howevr mistaken the motive may be; bot it would be wo:ae than *11 to ex'end thla Injur tice to a great eocimur.lty r< g?rdls- 1 of tverj thle* kat ?ower on tba one aide anil local potition on tho other be iiortb baa not dace thla t? tbe S nth. notwithstand ing Mr. Khett'a declaration in this very hall, that at oaa f?U swoop tba government 0?? sought to 'itlngelsh Ufa, Userty, and prop-rry, am ng near.y ona half ot the olti tent ot tba lTaited Stat**. ?rd how do these eiiaumatiac* justify tbe grave aa ruaation of Mr. Calhvuo. that "tbe nou alavehri'iu States drsiied to rzclade toe citizens of ths slavehollln stater flow ?m'grating ?uu th lr p:( p?rty to tie Terrl tory, ia order to give tb<lr ettiiei a aad th .ite that tba/ may permit, the ?aclodve right to :attle tbera," tio. Atd how fer ara they attnpa'Jlie with tfce belie' an ar>nae*d by the protesting Seuetors, that "th'a govern mfot could never be tiroag bt to admit a S a'a ( Jail tor ale) praee atlrg itaelf under such elrtamatanova ii it ware net. lor tbe f nrpow of excluding the p*op!n of the alava boidlcv Htatss from all op? irlualty of aetlling with their prowrty <n that Territory " Mr i'residsnt? The at fortunate f r*dlapoti*!o? ia thlt acuntxy when Msl lujariet are fell from l' gtj'itton, to aurlbu e '.Leiu U a ^ealgn on Ih.i )a't of or e ??otio . of tbe Unhiu to op itms ar.o'h? , h?a b'r'n ?",4al!y nsja^t la th? seaoir piloi, ard irisihlevoas in ita taader.ej, Tbe ambargc, toe nra latsroouriM, ard tba war o! 1813 which i ore keavily on iba Northera ritates, we e charted by them as oiiginaMng ' ia hostile motlrea, anl wi'.h a view to ctesh U.em. Tea tar I (I, a?d tbe maainret e aoao> J wi hit, and tba course of rv nn grovinf oat of the lab j'ct of slavery, were peculiarly ofleus.ve to tha Month, aad wereroasldered by theu aa ca.iclaslve erldejoe of a pro veiling wleh In certain parte of tha Ualnn to da* tray their pri?rerlty. Nsw, sir, all thla wa< equally uojost. Tktae cieaturre rr't'rslfd In ao anefc motive, aor were tiiey pirsced wiih any aacb objeat. The areat body of the people who advosatad than no <oukt th nght tbey ware con'tltutional an<T neca.raary. I dUsent from some c* them; bot length of years has brought charity, if not a'adtr, and 1 have learned that a great oommuaily csn caly ba actuatad by honest motives, howivar erroneous the impreaalotMi may ba. and whatern, salflih parpoaes Key ptoirpt the action o Individual*. Ihattha Btuib has aulTerad injariaa fi on tba aourse and davtlopemept of public oplaloa ia tha North it weulJ ba ni jaat to deaf. Bot thla ia amoag th?n* jes aary evils lncidrnt to fr'e institatloas, aad whleh are oouaterMleaod by far so per tor advaatagea Tha North is siposed to tbe lane danger anl diffiaulty by tba Indus trious dlsaeralca'-ioB af vie** striking at tba vary 'oan dation of rsligtoa aad aoclal order. Ia thla age of tha world, wben tba spirit of laqtiry 1s so active aad seuch tag. on* cf tiia evils It briag* with it is aa inllaerl Jiinata aeeaalt upon a la oat all tbe nubile Md laaUtuttnna of tba v nntry. If tba right of tba Southern planttr to hold hi* ?lavaa is called ia queatloa, *o ia tha right of tba Nortb ?ra laad bolder to bold bii lard. Tha doatrioa of aqual die trt but ion flnde ? aloo* advocates; but a safa barrier eatats fn tba goxl aaaae aad intel'.igenia of tba comma alt/. " Property ia robbery," ia the dogma if the (oun > d*r af thle sahaal of gigaatta plnader. Thaaa paaado r? forme* a>e eatartag oar domestic circles, aad striving ti bieafc ap oar faailly otwaafaailoa, aad to arraag* a* la to ctanmanltaae, aiaking itui mota tr?e tha old adage, tkat t e u a wUa child who knows kla own father, i'o.tgamv? Mirartaaiaat* iaaavaeaiee rather also And* adwatta*. bath Mwnseueal awl psata-M, mmu swa eeaa ay laa per TVNMm H Ivtytva (? jaati'y aa? pr?ftai >7 tMt ova Mllhiw imIm. Malw bin tM iwrt by bodies of bm iwriM U oar oonntry, demanding the " kboittloa of all neutrality," with. I suppose, mo narchical power#; tbe "aboHtion of the Christian system of punishment," looking probably to the ultimate sup pression of all pnalshmsat; ths ?'aboltttoa of land uo nopoly," oar. la other wor ts, the deet-uetioa of the right! of ownenhip, by as equal dlstrlbstlaa to-day, which fey jtqulrtng another to morrow, would, dast'ey U? motive (or individual exertion, aad maki the oouctrj a desert: "taking pomeatfon of the railroad* by the State," which, translated lato tha language of truth, means the robbiag of the owner* of that species of property; aal toeoa the work they demand the "abolition of laws for observance of the Sabbath," "the aboltttoa of prayer la Ooagteaa," and " tha abolition of oaths npoa tbe Bible, " All ihaee fundamental changes have baen called for by ocmvsnttens aisembled for the ezprtasions of these and ilmllar opinions. And la a body oalilag ttaalf tha lad as trial Uongrssa, not long einet sitting la this olty, It was Resolved, "That by the land reform, we understand tbe entire abolition and annul meat of all property raise or owaerihlp la the aoli," Ao., Ao., Ac. Now, sir. thaie may be considered pregnsnt signs, and they oartalaly Invoke okanges whloh would be aa fatal to the Notth aa any demanded by tbe wildest vtsstonary or the veriest hypoorlte In the condition of tha South wool 1 be to that seotion of the Union. Ana yet there Is no dea ler horn these mental or moral delations. Keaton aad Striotlam will assert their empire aad maintain their is supremaey. U aa government Is to be tolerated * fcer* snoh dootrines aie abroad, wa shall soon bid adten to toman ree train ta. No. the remedy is to be found, not la the change of political institutions, but la tha diffusion of education, and the free dissuasion and examination of wbalerer proportions are preeented aa tendlag to arae 11c rate tha condition of mankind. Truth was never per manei tly Injured by free inquiry. Yoa oannot oontrol investigation, aad yon must take It, even with its abuiee, for the blesetrg* It brings with it A highly rsspeoted aad respectable member of tha House of Rspiesestattvei ?aid upon thla subjeot, some time siaoe. " You think that slaverr la a great evil. Very well, think so, but keep ycur thoughts to yourselves. I am sure, sir, this honor able member matt hare uttered this senttmsni while feel ing strongly tha Injurious aspersions upon tha South too "requaatln.lha North, far he knows as well as any ons the impossibility of proeeribiag the right of speeeh, aad of OMwniDg tha thoughts of man to his own bosom. You might jusi as wail undertake to stop the tide of (heoteaa an to stop the tide of human oplalon; and though botn of the** mighty agents, in their resistless mar oh, ar > f?lt fi r evil as well ae for good, yet their healthful astibn is inftcltily bettor than would be thalr stagnant quietude. Bu '? the speaker hlmsslf did as ha had a full rlgat to do, , without regard to tils prohibition. H? examined tie whole subject in tbe hall of the nation, aad of ou'so oonld not expect that bis precept aad -ait his praotloe wjuld be followed by others. Attar all, sir, he had pow erful reasons for ienoucclng this perpetual warfare up >n almost tine half of the Union, and upon a aubjeot o lo c eetle pclisy vital to thslr Interest and to their safety, bnt we ear not reach It by legal mean#; we canuot stop the progress of oplalon and duouiulon. We oau give then, however, a right dlreitlin, anl that should be the sffort of every trurj American In tbe ncn idavsholding S'.ites whose feelings aad end whoa* intellect have not been seiznl captive by tals s'.ravge haJuclnatioa. He should stand up for the right* if the tkuth.br standing up for tbe obligations of the constitution, and expose that hollow philanthropy whloh i??ks through blood and 11, a the eioauai>atlon of a rati* of belrgg wio may become free in GoA'? good tiint? ard when he has prepared them for It, how know not? but who if mads frte to mcr.ow would, at least those of them who survlvsd the struggle, bru ms the moet miserable and abjfot population oa the (am of the globe. The ilatui of hlavery has edited from the ear list agss of tba world, axd ; egret tad, as It is and must be by ta* niOTalitt, it is a gitat practical poll ileal qujstljn, whloh every eetab'khed rimnunlt/ where it is reeogaissd must adjust for l'soif. Tbe Rsnuuilon found it in most of tha Sta<e?, and there it wai at the adoption of tba constitu tion, and In many of them it yet remains, tnsfctrfg part cf the right* ar.U guarantees of the coafe<letation. I'o toi eh it by the general g'lvernmeat would be t"> stake to its corner Mooe our wSole political ediSca. Like other hnr.an lcstltutiocr, It had neither all the advu)tag?ti its ft.t oda claim for it, njr all the aril* Its enemies deploi-e ?:-!i?vi:g it a mlbfortu^e for any euuntry, I regr.it its en'abllskiueat; but looking upon it as aa existing ooaH tier, I am free to oonfess, that though it may come to an errt, and I hope* it may, peaoernlly and justly, 1 no nay in whloh this can b? effects 1 bu'. by leaving it to th sa most iateiested in it, and to tt>a prooefi they may fi- d It best to aiopt. Ai v ext*raaHiiter(er'>nae would only aggravate the ?vili and the dangers, and this our ex ptirienoe has already shown. As to the frightful pie trres vhloh have been draw a of eruelL? on one side, and 'tiflsricg and wretcbedoets on the o Wr, they ar< grons ?xsggeiatioos by whatever modern Ualliver fabricated, ? r gitatlng In unoianoe or uiiiavclenoe, and ministering to tbe wotst of pj.Mi>T? both at h)me and abrowl. 1 tnow something of the eoocition of the elavts, and I b> Uete. la general, thej aro trtau?d with all the h'tmaalty 1 hick eat reaeoia'ily be ?x.)?o :?d la their lltavtioa? with s humanity hcnorable to the proprietor* ai a class, aad, to sty the l'ast of it, quite a* well as they wouli be in the Northern States hx\ this insulation not beon abol Uhed there, and far better tbaa by apaay whe?e philae !hro?hy is ihuwn by the ral log and reproachful word* t.';?v nvter, aix* not by the relief they cju tribute to objaoti 0! misery. And I know scueth jag of the condition of the poverty itricken populst ens of Kurap*? of a large por tion of the inhabitants wko liti down la sorrow and get In caia, and who pus their 1 ?ee la waat, caay of them in a state cf destttutloa utterly u<U no wa la thin c< entry, and I have roen far mere mUjrj In Ihe prou't' tu oapitals of Eitope than I exi caw ia our own favored land amor g white tx p.A*k, bo?d or free. A raeaat rw nsarii ta tha L'mSor rt*i Wtter illustrates this f ;igatr4l ccrdltka ol human was.* than tha moat labored dasecip ttou. In Londou, tha aentre aid eore of 3ritlsh wealth ?nd pherasasal exoluiiv-ireas, one hundred thoosaad human beings get up every tnoralng without knowing where tbeysre to And a metl, ex sept from a passing job or crime. One would think that here was Held enough for the exertion of any reasonable quantify of philan thiopy, aad that, until thee* awful eoenas of human suf feting were removed, it wouU exhibit a naah more com raeedable spirit to labor there for life ftrst aad than hi ntorrnVo* th?? to be epilog p>ua?M mission ailee, under the guise ol a universal 11 vt of mankind, to this eountry, kindly to ezeite ore portion or the Union against another, and thus leal to a dl isolation of the confederation ud to tbe de*t*uci !ao of our power an] proip'rlty. Whit a rieplorabl* comummation that wonkl be lo theee phiantLropli E^gllahtnen ! Certainly, objtct* of commiseration no *??? rwhere to be found, fT'B Id th* mo?t proeperowi eomo si tie* Ma'ortuce, w.v ether prod need by onraelrea cr bj th* cianoa* of life, are inseparable from human aoolety And thcrt la no man who cannot look around bin and flod objeot* enough upon which to exhaait lila bi'-.evjleno*, whothcr i'e c ntrlbntfon* ar? confined to feeling aenli mentality r.rex>ended to tubatantial offerings for he relief of dlt trec* 1 bar* no pittance with that ajetlre charity wh.ch neglects tba mlaarr of It* n?lgbbj-b >01, became taat demrdi the aid or tha puree, and t*.?k? aubjeota for coiay philanthropy far b*yond ita reach, toe tana wordi ?re not wealth, and prof**aloa* are cheap vr than an* a. If 1 might presume to gire an opinion upon the *ub j>o'., 1 will *ay that oar UoaUern brethren *031* t:iu'H uianL'eat too much onaltlTenen at thei* t'ttlUUcB) of ill directed feel'ngn, frequently einoere, but too often ???ume3 fcr perianal ao>i pollttoal o'j n's A facltl.'UJ impor>anee la tn? given ? tb.m, whtoh they won id never attain if left to tb*!r natural (at*. Aul another and yet gre:- tar emr c . cr<?cted with this whole ?*bj?at aonalata .? tn? d? a. Hide, altogether to-i exacting, mad* span th* public men of the con tlaTeboUng Ktatas, many of which I i are e#eu an.^ come of whieli I bare felt. No stronger j.rcif of tali pt*dt*f oiltlon cm be given thea tba refnatl on the part of Southern meotbera or thif body to per mit the ir.'trUori ie the Kogltte* Star* law of a prom ten aUuwirg the rirht of trial by jiry to the peraou oUimji It the tonctj wfc'nce it might b* Ule^ea he bad eectp'd. on his reatoreti a theia. ahonlU h* then demand It I ruTtr c. uld e /m>reh*od the motiree for th* rejeetion of thi* propoaitlca, ao ja?t In Uaelf, and which wool'1 hare flren great patleftatKa to the North, aad bar* prevented mseti of thi hoatility to the law. 1 wai In favor of ita {?-serai piiacipletf. and waa am>ng th* Milieat to utg* the jca'ice of Its passage and the injury done to to* fun th by t'b* delay. The refural to aaeept tbl* proposi tion teemed to iat*r joa* unp*e*?/*ry barrier* in th* way cf the invoUgatton of question* of human liberty: fjr certainly the objection* whieh might reaiocably hvr* been urged agr.inat tbe aobmiail >n of tbes* aaiaa to a X< rth*:n jury and which ibdnced re* to oppoae that yrv ?t?ion, bad no applioati'-n to a Hm'bern jary, whieh can bar* no p;- j tuice* to overeoro* in the examloalon of it* right* of tbe par'lee. Bat not an inch of gronad waa yielded, and 1 determined not to gire my aa-ent to th* law. H wu a bed ?f I'rocru >t*a, as* a* I bad n* wish to se abort* n?<! cr l*ngth ned br a rigid adaptation :o it, 1 fitnd It ao plae* lor me. Had the Northern tWiatore b**a arm upon u* point, tbli trlbnt1 to a great prinalp * la vrwven with the Axaerliaa heart and Inatitatl-mi, woulS bare been aecared. It reqnlrea but little ez?rtton to Ft>im with tbe rurrent, w .He be who eppo*** it mult put 'orih all hi* ftroogib, ?au even taea may beaoaae ita t dim. i'opnlar f*ehag la a power bard to re?l<t, and ".be | e?ro*ch of being a d ughfa?a being < to b!m ?bo pander* to It, and cot to him who atiiTe* to maic. tali th* ttiaatUutiuaal right a of a.l, #ren In oip?i u* U> b.? own ooamaaity. which hold* la it* haru'M >U pol tical iita aad 'Sath Tali i* th* omll il.in wbisb no Southern man hai erer had to eoeounter it ecnr*ct'>n with tt.ie rrhjeat and It i* prealeety th*oon ditlon which he aancot c tmprabao'l or will not d<) j'tatij* to, when th* ocurae of a No: ihern man I* in qu?*tioa I . tu Bit eccugb, with too many of tha Southern p >li liclaca. 'hat pnblio mad from tin frta State* maintain firmly anJ orl'InehiBgly tb* right* of th* alee* holding portion of Ike I oioB. and eta art ready to meet th* c mee>ia?ne??, boet?*r adeerie, rather than participate la thair rlola- < ti< c ? tht(, I <ay, I* not eaosgh? *om*timee, Indeed, it 1* n'j.birg i'.nl*a? eteiy opinlr n of the South upon tha gen uraj 'i' eMi>n U adopted, ami urreeerred alteelance pro- ! 'h hi! to tbe declaratiOB tb?t elarery In the b?*' M it ttcn cf tnniau ?oc ?ty. Now. tb I be leee ih> aurh d otrlne, I and art tollerlng It, 1 will not profri* It, from whatever hial1 qcatVr ac/.< uto?d. 1 thiuk It wa* tfe* ?? .tini-nt of ?i. mm. eat edirea who** w^rJa of power anl mido a have odea rci nn?'e<l IbrongL thla hall, and who waa tiken fri m t * rerrle* of 1 1* rw.un'.r r to th* unir*r*al r*g wt of 1 It' Atretlc.a? p ople. Hi< peecli?r Tlewa fp->n tnia g?? ! tral m1 j*ct, and tt>* f. am" of mind with wbiah he r?<*rJ 1 cd It, aie indicated by hla denial of the trn'h of the re .fiTtd inora. *? bejuly c aivl it, that "*lici?*are 1 rieattd I re.* and equal,' a paraphraaaof on* or t'.e lu { ccntMlable right* ot nan eni<w<erated In the Dec'aratlon I of o?r Ind?penrtence Bat llr. Calhoun prmouncvl It 1 ?' i tt?il/ u? trne." beeauia, among other objection*, ha ralf1, '' ?"t born. Inluita are born. Tney grow . to be men." It n ay eerra to reeonti a uj to the ud?qaal [ dfatilbutio* of iateilectnal power wb*? we lad that it* Upbeat p< ai*ttU.n enanr** no ?x>mptl< n from are or, and 1 'rem in crtor, la til* *??* cne woukl think *o obriou?ly > nn n the rarfa** a* not to teeapa detaetloa by the h j? ; bleet ltttlBg*rc*. It 1* Marcely n*ca*a* y to aay t Hat : tbe wcrd man, In the abOTe eo.moction, la employed a* It ! cft?n aad legitimately la, In Ita geaala* aigalfi jalin, ! ?I. Vat r*f?-iene* to tha earieUts at iperl**, aez or %f?. 1 ?? Han that la born of a woman," *av* th* Rook of la > pi ration, ?' i* vt few daya anff full of trouble." Toe In wbo fhould undertake todiay the aathaatieiiy oT tbe Scripture* teeacM tba tbcdltloa of a ahlld i< here mia'ahta ftl that ol a man, * 'gat tas ly be taught tbet it I* hi* own Ignoraaee, awl not tfceU *rrar, whlci ha ex poeea. ?? The ftojat *taiy of mankind U van," *ay* tka grant Bsglith cw.aetl* ptet But It la tha ?utj of tha human family, aae'. not aay particular ,>*Uo*i U it Thi* laaaon may teach ua tha effeat of air-* f *>ei lament npea tha w leant and heat In ?aaiafa of r--- ' tgnaum ?heart ta ig ?r ytjttrm V I Mr* ml". latoeHanate ? dHMt?eaotfaabt*?aoa*?to fcto to m wy-i |mt orO, eodai ui political: bnt 1: U wi ?naltof on, fruin which I eee do nmm, and for whioh to* Meath in not reepoorible to the North, dot to any othsr tribua*L but W> Hie who uii t>#th bond ud fr%e. Aid WUU?, either In peblu or 1> wiiaU lit*, I hnreTtreagth to eipreee my riewa, aotoatof poeullar rtntdtour eeotk? cf the iout^, bat to oMImm to to* dietatae of my on dnmi?im, I iWl mtw omw to aphoM tfce right of the 8 am lb to determine erery que.noo In relation to thla apeelee of property foe theaMlree, ud the daty of the wliols Union to awry into eVeet th? eooatllutloaal prorULoa to food faith aau with Uad Mlu> I do oai know aay Northern maa who it diapowd to go N-rond thla; dot ia there ur Southern man who ehoali de?ire it Mr. l'reelt'eat, aou>ett?* atnee I took oeoaalon to |We my ?le*a ia relation to tha aabjaat of iUTirr connected with tha Territories. and my investigation led *ne to tae ooauideretlun of two polnta:? Fir?t, whether CMfrtM ku any power to regulate tula condition ia thoaa politic kl commuoltfes, and eecond, whether tha people there m?y rightfully r* gulatc it for themeclTea. I feel m little dia ptacd to go oyer thla matter agtlo aa the Senate can be to hear ma, and 1 aha 1 laatriet mvaalf to a eery brief reoa pltolation, which aeama neoeaear/ to the explanation of my preeaat poeiticu I contended than, aa I do now, that Opngroaa haaao jnr?dtcili>a orerthe aabjeot of eUvory. And tha piuoeo* by whlok I raaohad that coaclMiea I will merely Umoh, rather than dwell upon. Tha ROTar?ment of tha United State* U one of limited authority, Teeted with no power* not expieealy grented, or not at sectary to tha proper cxetutioa of cash aa are There U ao prontdoa Ia the ooaaatutna creating aa; power or lagiilatioa orar tha "territory or other property if the United Btataa." exoept auoh aa lalatee to ita "regu lation aad diapoaidoa " Polttloal ja>ledietloa ia eaUrely withheld, nor la there any j oat Implication whioh oaa a ap ply thla defect of original authority. la a matter of aeaccdty, juat aa Mr. Madicoa defeated the aetioa of tie Goagreai of the Coaftdarattoa upon thia aubjeot, the Oongreu of the OonatttstiM may be defended for eetabliahiog gevernmeate tor the "territory" of the United Statea, oilgtael or aoqulred, without tha 'uaito of air of the States; atteh a measure Mag isaaatlil to their wtlfare, indeed, to their prosperity. Ia the exerel* of thla powar, ai laiag fram aeoewlty, ao more authority ahould be aaaumed than la required to at tain the obi*] I That ob j rot in the organiiatloa of Territorial govern mnlt, and with lu accomplishment fairly tad* tui* **? suued jurisdiction, for the psopi* are oompeteut to ooa duct lh?ir own slTslrs for thenuelrM, when a government is occe Instituted; uil whatever just latitude o t dldoie Hon there may b? uto lk- leg down general priaolple*, there can be bob* wbieh would authorize Oongreu to la t*fere with the looal and dome*tio affairs of theee distant comma titles. There would be neither power, njx reason, Dcr neceislty to warrant the as*umption. So much for the authority or the federal legislature over this subject. The power of the pesple to legislate for themselves upon all taeie question o! domestic poli. oy, ia the inevitable result o'. tt? prajedlog principle, *ol of Americaa lrstituticas. If Coogreia hvre no jurlsJlo Ucn cv?r the aubjoot, ti?e pejpU luual hare it. or the ai'nt linpirtaut ceocsrus of gonial and ot civil life would be left without security or protes'ion No one hai erar ?mentioned their jnr tlalm to regulate, by t.bel,- lm mediate reprtasutatlves, v?t ious qi<ntlau eosneolel with their eiyil an A aooial relation, exospt thia relation nf master a at aerraut; acd tui* axcep ttoa cannot etand tne ttat of aey reaaoaable scrutiny. 1 an. aware of the objsotion.i wbieh hav* b ien aiged against the sxlatenoe of thU right of aalt guts. -a ment, rounded en the coanecti n of the yvoj'.e of the Tar rltoriee with the government of t.-.e U JuU iUUa; aall hare been amazed ?t the aubUajtrgucueato, politico ensta pbynice'1 U deed, which have been presented, agaiu't the enjoys rot of one of the mort saored rights which Hod ban tires to man. T-e Inseparable iirion Dstweea repre senteti >n and tie regulation of the domestic affairs of a eommutitr, including taxation, ia our of the oarUnal principle* of Arasricau political faith, laid down ia oar State paper*, taught in oar sebool*. aod triumphantly asserted and defrocked on the battle!] til ? a principle wMth the Ooa'uneatal Uoogre.'-* ia 1774 declared in ttuse worrr: that the JCrgllali col jnlati " are entitled to a free and txclrelve power of legislation lu their asreial pro rin*t?l legialatare*. wb.ie thru right ot representation can al ire be preserved lu all oaaee of taxalon aid Later aal pelitr," lu And Strang* 1* it. in the vacl'Ution ef hunaa op nioas, that from defender* we are urged to become ifloniero, and with tha practice, to adopt tLe priseip ?? of Loid North in thia oruaade againnt buraaa rights; for there la scaroeiy an argnint tt whMh can b* ur?tel against thia claim of local legislation which tha British ministry did not or me againit the demand* of onr fathers to be allowed to lrglsi te for themeelre*. We bare bew toll with due (riari'j? and I hav J no doubt with due ainoerlty? that the Uilited Puttee aie the " aeyerelgo;" and wa hare been a?k?d, ??How ean aorerelgaty, .the ultima'? and supreme porf?r of a HU>, be (indent'' Horereignty, indeed ! And who eaa fiud the worJ la the ooantituticn, or who can deduce any pewer frcm its uae? It ia a p.ooesa of ooDBtrnctire atrthority, whieh oannot be too aererely re probata*. at war, ?a it ia, with tbe fanUamcntal >>aau ot the oocferatioa. Onoe aatablUh ita operation m tha bundaticn of CoBgrMaleoal action and other aodnearrr rlgUU than tho*e of distant feeble ooiuia unities would m on be proetrated bifore it. V* alto liatened to dlaeertationa upon " half aorar elgr.ty," and "diridad aoyaraignty, " and " aqaatUr *or errignty," and were told that tt* " major lnclnda* tha Kic or.'' and were afked, apparently with a go^ddaal of *l; ctin:pl*o?ncy. "how aiany indirldaala would ooaati tute a pei'pla. uow near the; mwt Ure to eoaatitote one peop'e, and how far apart t? make two people*?"? aa tt theae qiettloa* of homan right* ware to be aolved with Ut* preclaloa of % matbrm.ttoal problem, mbett tniing Luelid (at ? Seraov in thtlr o'W.eraUon and dat?rciinaUoa. Tk* world ha* aarer seen a trner ba?la ot gortrnnent than that establiahed by our pilgrim father* the day before they debarked upon a wild and unknown oontinent, when they a?ii>o<at?d to gnther and aigaed their practical declaration of inde pendence, aoletscly aseerting their right, *10 the pre?? it God and of cm another, to oomblne get her into a ciril body ptlitio." ??(,(. i,?u h **, HUf',""*d DOm.v^ * the who? men, wo ""-a and children, one honored and on* person* Whetb >r tbey oompoaed half a people, or a whole people, or two ptoplM, they d d not atop to Itqulr*, bat went right on ward to their work If tka juration wa* not aett'ed by tbem, it wa* Mttled by their deeeandant*, now conitl tiitirg a portion of the mlghtieet people on the '*-e cf the earth. Bat the objenuone I h? re referred to, end other* of a alsilar character were npiead before me, If not wi Ih legieal eonylotlon, at leaat with tbe rht torioal pre fualon and with an empbaeia which aeemed tt nay, theee are argnment* that no man oan anawer. Amng thene controTer^lel weapons, cne wielded with tbe moat nal, ir not with the moet incoeaa. wa* tbi* "squatter sore rrlgnty." Tie faU extent of reproaoh iotsaded to be conveyed by it I nerer was able to cum prebend, but eo far a* I underetood it. It denies to a people tbe right of ?elf government if tbey do not owj land, tha* going pretty well back into fendal time*, practically makiog acres more raluatle tbaa men Well, *ir, I believe th-.re are obj<et* in life dearar than soil or treea, and that the right of government and the capacity to oonduct it do not depend npon the accident of a deed for a given tract of land. 1 may be pardo-.ed for thl* heterodoxy, if it b* ?me, because I began life merely a* a self owner, not as a land tiwner, and I think, before 1 attained tee latter character I had some rights worth assertlag, even if fall knowledge did not oomt till broaght by title deede. But, eir, whether the government of the United States ii aovfrelgn or tnbordlaate, sapreins or inferior, o mfed* ratrd or ecrsolldated? aid eonsolidatad it will b >com? if some ot tluaa doe'riae* prevail? are q aeations not worti a (uom?nt's conaideratlon in any ta<iairy ln%> its l?gi i mate power. Neither these nor any otuer attributes can c> rfer npon it tbe least juris tiction. Tt Had what that f i we irest go to the constitution? to the law anl to the testimony. And aU these ua*?es? and aome of them unintelligible, al' trac'ions were arged aa reason i why the lutetnal kiUra or American citizen* nominally frermsn, afconid be controlled byadlrtant Legislature, not one tannbir of ?hish entitled tn vo'e, it elected by or 1* reipoaal bl* to tbnn. Hb Majerty, (n Parliament, said the goversmant of (snarge 111. ha* tha right by statute ?o bind tha oolo?l*a ia aii casu whaUcarer; arid now. before all the gareration of the moo who sDcceasfnlly ranlsted this edict of tyranny has p*?fd away, wa are aalled upon to legiilata for the coknirs in all eases whatsoever. It took Lird North and ha meets* Oecrgr the TMrd s?ren yeaie to learn the ralssbocd of this areomption: aad tbe esson cjst them anenpire. Wbtls blau ry 1* the record of human ac lions, it is the reiteration of human motives and ?rei* j >i ?s. And nrw, before all tbe mra of the |en?ratiou *bich snccissfuliy leaiated this eliet of tyranny have jarred away we are ealied upon praetioaliy to declare that Oar Msjisty, this gorerBment, in Oniresa, haa the right, by atatnte. to bind the ferrlto-les in a II cases what voerer, or, aceordlng to the new ronton to cell the peo ple irto slavery. This is good daat/iae over the water? at Berlin end Vn-tna, aad at 9t. 1'atersburg? bat I htpe ,?l upon Ui? Wabas*<; tbongh we are told that <>od hai stared a precima life apon it? fertile bank*, in order t j m.rnuecr and promulgate it. The way* of Pjovldeaoe an oftrn dark t? us blind mortals, tat asld'in darker than la this oaee whether we e?naid*r th? me* eoger or the ?fe?eg'.? tbe pr pb?i or the prophecy- Hs wl'.hou; whore knowledge to sparrow falls to tne ground soma 'Imes selrc'.s atraigi ii-atromrnt*. aoc<>rdiag to our aom , rrbenslon, to acerropllsh HI* wis* designs. did so la >te days of ftelsam. ard .wtea b? doee so la our days ?o'l'i/g Is left for ti* bat to b^w acd bellere B it what >rer n ay be the natore of tbu mlaaion, the d >ctrin? itielf ?ov Id erand bett?r within sight o' the tojn > of *ebtl'es it an within ight of th?i tnmo of Wa?Mo'fnn llit^r-n nai'er tbe sbai or of IslamUm and witfilo hf arin? - f the rtmiriis who calis the lalthfal to yrayer. It worn* aot be or-l :?rrrt qiit? orth tdox, iu Ibis day of Tokiah ref-rru And why abould not the prnpi* of the T?rrl?r!*i legis late for tberr eelma f Tu? Henator from New York latl i. at?s that th?y do not l. oe euoagh, aad canntt ea'?ly be trosted with thl* lactdeat of telf govarnmeot? the oower to r? gulate tbe aondl ios> of matter aad *?rr*nt? tbcfgh be is willing to trust them eltb all tbe pcwaia of life aid death which dr^eaJ upon tie political action of a country ? with eoinpiete aatbr rity <".r ?r matte*, bat a hp-l ed on* ever blaek*. 1b!, pl*a of ths Ineiiap^teBcy of the people to manage ihrir own ocne^rna is tbe ol<i . plea a'i tba aorld over In th? co.iteit between power aad i free^oai asd It wver wa* b*t:?r rebnk?d than by th? ; au'bor of tba Dto'a'atlon of la^npendonee, when be caid, j I' the people are not fit to *evern tli?ui?elre?, bar* tbey | 'otid angel* In tbe rbape of men to gororn them f We.i, tir the feratrr from New York ha* made the d'acorert which ea?ape> tbe penetration cf thl* patriarch of tba dercocratie faltb, auo ba* fonad aagal* la lb* snape of rcrr?*e??ta to gorsrn the Territories. I do uoi Mitre latnUnew pbane of tyr?na;? making alave* ot wUive eommuaiUe*. lh*n, sir, with these views touching tba right of*?lf rtvsrnment, b( "lofcre made knona aad yet yalatainrd. am ealied upon by mv vote to say whether 1 contider the law sstaMlrblag tbe Mt<wciirl prtmpronilsa, aad by which Cocgre** legislated orer Ike eabjsct of slavery, Isooaetita tt< iaI I do not; and so believing, I shall ever avow the belief. My opinion* were knows to tbf pubi.e of Jilehl S*a before they *eat ma bar* aad my adhaeioa to those npiatona i* da* to ?paomrtetioa aad my coneUtoaey and 1 am sura the** motive* will be my Juititoatloa with a gene rem e:>a*tlto*acy 1 hav* said I (regretted the introduction of thl* topio, aad though I fa ao ? becaaae wa were ekxlag ap tbi* fountain of hitter watera, and 1 hoped Its iaaues would aotag*ia be opened ?yet 1 baveno doabt if 1 ware aHouth era man I k hoe Id fael jaat an Hon there men feel I should deelie to sae straaa fmm the statat* boek what they as wall a* 1 eowrtder aa lavtdloua, aneooatltnUoaal Intarfn eaoe It ereatee a dlstlacUoa bet we* a North aad South wbieh raneot bat ba obaoxioaa tea high s?IH?a? eotnraa ea?jr, awi am. aa taav t?Uara, - - - Aad eartatolr to nam thia btr MM* rbw (to ?Mn? I m?toh? ? rwtf to? k a mun m?M ?dttll of MtMl toA |Mt eOMBaelty, ??<*? jMlM* <4 its par >>?? ? y iwwmtrtw tk*i iu nllw pttabaaot will laid to to* tofcaiketlaa of Item? iato tfewaiarritorlM. I aho*Id b?i? prefer rtd to do ae ho too two ggaiM?f ft pitoolpt*, ?>to ?ka* by the wwi to aa expedient. Um MMwto may ho h?M to another; ud thus, (mttM to ttm*, tola eaaittog toato may rise up to alarm ud disturb, It maf I* to atpuui^ tt? oonntry. Oaoa MUbUak tola trma dootrtoa of aaaiotaraa tiou ?h)oix la laid d?wa to tk#ae MUa apoa too trnuad of a *ul of eoaatatntiooal power, Hi fmm Danish the aubjoot for *v*r fro? too ao tofcaJ *aaa*ti( and imi! it to bo adjusted by lo**l oommaailtee, to which it bcloc^n, and where ao daajor mm ottoed tot ciMUius, wL?i*??r that may bo. Hat, a. a ci?j iitj dots not aaoM prepired t? auk* this Me^auoa of ? nat a.' >>wer, tor asy own aa rt 1 awwpt tilts mo tuaie purridedia tba btlla, tad aluUfaH for tba r tin aterdialtoa of all lodoial oaUoa owr toto general queatiaa, under wj atreuvtaa>Mii Out may*c?MV aad of ci urra.fa. deola-tagTAd tha Missouri oomproate* Thia plaa of Umgtoaeiaaal t? toto? toi It too oak plaa of lor us, .1,, u. r.lattea t* this a?tTa!Z aobjset, aad it i? oae ao alear , -mala and I mil haling" that too wosder U?otiUt? alTioWa* prtajf i t, k3 that we Cld not adopt It vkaai tba'.oaateorar?y Ur? t *? ar Eitiia pfob.bl'iio tu tha aelioa of tha (antral |o Tene ment ax or pi ao far aa relate! to lie ooastUatioaal aM gattoas oowoaralaf fagiMwea from aarrlaa, li tua only ao cnrity oflartd to u. Fidelity to this arlaaiple will ao oome a euranant wbloh, Ilka tha irk at tha eoveaaat af ok., artll oaodnot os through toe troubled wateie to a Ual of safety. Tho uuoatio? tonehing too sabjaet of Ii iim aro koal, aaJ should ba left to tha proper loeal foraafc whether to a State or Ibcrltory, to tha ooaatioratlqa aai deeiiloo of tha people, to a legal mod*, to tholr pViiieal eenitrusUies. And oertatoly i oaaaot bat fail ?nth gratis oaticn that wr hare raaohad thia point aftar aa maay trials and d? agora, aad that tola doakrtoa of asm totarraatioo la at length praclleally reoog alsed by a largo of tha pooplaof toa United atatea, aad forau tia ^Hor toa bUlo now aadar dlaanaaloa; aad aaaaoially aaa 1 rratUUd at to* raaogalttoa of to* rlghta of oar faltea dtlsaaa. wblla to a torntortol oomditiaa, to adtojt toto matter f*r th*na*lvaa dnrtog toa utetoaoo of MM* tooa porary goraramaata, and at tho proraUo*o*f thagoaa?l aoniiiaaat that thia la tho Mo ropabUaaa dootrtao. Aad ti? bon ao haeauM It ?aa tha maiataaaaoo of tola my principle, tha laariUbla ooanoonoaoa, aa 1 oocoaira, aC oar toatl'nUon-, which axpoiod mo to muah mlatepra ?a4itaWon aud obloqmr bat a ahart ttaia atoaa, aad wktok 1*1 a Qaorgia pa par, tha IHefrapk, to olaia aaa aaioajg toft mlgbty 'h.-ot f or pluvderars, aspraariog 11* waat of aaa 'iCaaee Id a man who would atoal to* land, aad pay ?ft '.lo5ou1h In tha ahatraatloaof noa lcterrantion Wai^ ir, the ahttraat haa ehangad to the ooaeiate. Tha M ?ot?<l ak.na Ua? haoona tha ahlaf atoaa of tha aoraac. Iretaad of oii|loaU?g In ?LU motiTaa of plnadar, aad mltiiBterint to thf graU&oa'ion of Bueh a muarabla paa >!oa. this dostrlnc of non luUrrantloa aad salf-gorara irvut i. U> i n? Ita f laoa? haa ttwkea It, indaaj? u? th* gr?U prln lpiaj o( oar InatltaUoua, equally JUtt la it* crlgln aad aalatery ie lta operaiiua. Inawaduf batog aa attack upon tba r*(hta of tha South, It la th* trae ooaatt toll- aal ? hie Id intarpoaad tor the prote*tioa of aa atttato of politleal 'alt'1 equally dear to trary portion of ear eitt *? i.? th* poeer t* n^ulata their ova domes tio aflatra la tba.lt own way. li la at last di**ov*red aad aaka**t that Atueiloaaa going to a Territory do net bsooow tlavea tb?m*?l?ee, nor can aax abatraeuoa, like that at ''*ci?rMyDt7," co*- be cuooaMfnlly ralaad up as a barrtec batw<??D tbaox ant1, the enjoymeatef the moat aaored rigkte which Gc<i La' gi' oa to maa. Tioca fir, who w?re here at the time oaaaot forget t caai' t at any rate? that when, la the dUeaaaioa at MM qui atitiiH an?iof cat of the Mexican aoqalsitioaa. I do ftndnd th6 piopcallloai a*, wnlch I had arrlred in the 1? ft?tlgatlon of t* e tn'jjtct, 1 wan m?t by a ?'orm ot opyft aillon? rrpiobadou 1 uu.i call i.? not often wUae^aod^aat which fontd lta echo tnrougb the whole South. I repeat thecn propotitloailn the wordi I thea tued. ">lrat, That ti>? Wi in >r prov'io waHuceontcim'looal," fMr the reaeou g?on that CoEgreee had ao jaris^teUoo over tht nuVjooi of alaverv. "Sejwd, Toat ilaTery, haTln* be*n aboluhoil by to* Maiiean gnrntwiu t did aot txiat in tba Territory," ft* 'Tnlrd. Tba ?larery would aol go thare," an wail oa account ot uat a "a! obfl'.as'ra aa tin feollnga of the peopto. "Fonrt>i, That Kgtnlzxl oomaaultlM, ezereltlog too powers of g..??rnci..At1 whatbar la Utatee or Tarrltoria*, hai i.ln? the light ot deterralaiog tola quMtloo for UumaeiTea." Aud tbe priealf'c e->stein?d In thin foarth propoaitiaa ?it r.ti **- ?v <) !u my l*tter to Mr N'tobolxon, wnereia I Mid, "It (ibj in'.jrference of Cjcgreat) asoal be limited lo th* citation of prujur government* for new so au trie* tcqulifcd o:aett <ri *uu to the nH?vtr; provision for tbflr eventual adu-taion intotte I'nion, leaving la th* ni'sntiire t-i the people Inhabiting thtm to raguUtetMg own concern* in their own wa.y." Tbe Senator f.orn .\ew Yogk, (Mr. Saward,) la bit oppo aition to tfci* view (aid, a* hi* bean of Un and illogical y aatt before, that Oongrera had frequently n.ad? provlnona la tha law* fcr thr orgadtntior of tue T**rltori?*, i?ooa*i?f--* witfc thin e'alm of eelfgovaietnent And If Uiey have,* tboii 1? an atoia cr aa oppra?*lua tube torever oa ufrt becauea occe a* turned? Bu i tue Senator la la arroc, atd the oaaf* ef it m obvioun In the formation ul p jliuaa) rji tae?a '?* the Tarritorie* there osnat ba aome latitude ot ill notation, u there wlllba dllTerane* of optalga ooaean leg th? p?r?r? to be rtoocniied or rratraiaad. The pr?rl*a boonifcir Satwaaa axtaraal aad Internal afT*ir* aag^ot ha Kxthr tead. aad of ooaraa aoma of tha detail* of tha organic la?? May go farther tnen raaay woeld asfi "ra. Bat with tha nicnUou of tola lagiaia li., n by Csagr *? eyut tha auV>j??t at aiavery, 1 knew tt m ua'ivl oral auy af tha lamlf relatteer of whtah Mm T?;lttit*e have be?n depttvnd. there it one barrier a* plain that It cannot ba ova; paiaed through tan-"" mi*, ougut mt to be through deidga? *ad * tercel doaaatie afT'lr* of theeaer-* ?**' ,i . we cannot touch their ?"? T? know social - ? "??'fd affalri, their family aad .?.iobi, thair wive* nor tfcelr children '? IMk raniarvant* ntr their maU airvaaU," tfcalr honaaa, their fame, nor th'lr property, without a groan vlolattaa of tbe Inalienable right* of Kan, oouaeorated b? the blooB of far fathers, aed hallowed b>- th* alfaaion* of the* aos*. There l* na human iutell-at, however mighty tt may ba, which can render UiU plat of tyranay bl? to tte Axu*:lcau people. And thia doct 1e?i of tha right of tha people to _ lata for themfelrog m what mat* than any o:her we voaad dennaclalion It wa? pronoonoed L y Mr. Oai houn to be " the moat moaitrou* dMtrlna ever advaaaaB by any Ameiloan atataomaa." ho. And another able aad eminent tJjuthera Senator eoa ildeied my cpla^ooa ao extrema oa lh'.a poiat that ha rax! I waa tha csly man who entartalaad them " la tWa fbamber er alinort b?vond It " And In tne cctap-omlia Committea of Tairtaaa it aal with little favor though tfaloaaly urged My friend fraa Inliana, (Mr Bright,) waa found on tla trae tlda at rir.n.an rlghtJ. a:.d ao wh rht eminent aitiain then oaa of the ?e-?tori from New York, fMr. Oioklnaoa,) whOM. I am happy to htv<* title oppirtnulty to do jneUoa to, aa true a patriot aa hia cou.try poanMeaa, and who waa an> pg tbe fotnnoat b^th In aaal aod lntallao'ual powa> to bringkg about tbe graat work of oonoUlation. Than >?ay have been otfcara. though I eanaot tay there wan. Out the full time bad not ooma, and the propoaittaa (aJ^d. Mr W*b?ter, with hia powerful latellejL whioh graipaB tnc migb tleet anbjeeta pre*eoud to tbe aaaaaa noiapn sioo, and from wrom few men oon'd differ wlthoat aona mUgivicgk, could not recjnslle biinrelf to thl* claim aC >*>: gov?rtir.i?rt Thia all well koow who resolleat tha n vrroga'.vrl** te put to u>e eoimerniag the relaMoa at tbe Terriw>rie* to tha teoaral governnaenr, ano th* pottM cat coocitl n of tt* ptopla H caute a territorial "taaat tn e>tabll*hed pcrnan?ut gi rtrcmeat. " he dei ied te tl jmii^lotlon eve. "the nabjeat of alavery," and 'many r.th?r pow?r?." Way the duration of thia temporary pa lUical colOIUou i.hoal<t deprive tbe people of thta right ta ri^tilata the re'&tiun of maottr and a?rvaat any mora thaa ne right to r'gnl?te tte otber domeallc rvla'ioaa I da r at know, nor did he explain. H* did not Sad the dM> rulty tn thia "expansion ol recognition, " for ha waa mt tt'ifver lo it What he did not do to one haa elan daMt at leant to my oocrlcUon. Tbe flrnt atep we Uok, with hia fall ooncorreaea, atiaa ee dec 1a red la ?Q?ct bj our legit la ti on that CoagMB ?hould have no r.nthority over the aabjeot of alavery la lh? Terrltcrtee, ar.d now wa are taking another, and what tak'n wa nbatl Bed curaalve* at tbe goal, the prtae of j?l' n ar.d tranqoillity won bayond tha raaah of fntaM gliation, however mighty may be the prjgreaa of aat "o, 'ederatl'm over tbe e-ntioant, whoa* daaUay la eloaa^r utereov^ with car owo. I raid la my letur to Mr. Mioholaon, aad I repeat ? litre, that "by goleg back to oar true priajlple* wa ga I aok to th* road of peace aad aafety Leave to the plr, wne will be affected by thia quaetloa, to adjart ? up?a their ota re*poa*lblllty aad la their owa maaaea, rnd wa abell render aiothar tn bate to the orlgiaal pcian . lea or our government, aad faraUh anothar gui a it* permaneaoy aad proa perl ty." TELEGRAPHIC. SMlHTr-THIIU> OOH OKI first SKsaiotr. Senate. WAiiarxrroa, Feb M, 1144 . UMI TO iratAMi JMD I1JJ?0*I Mr. PtrriT, (t'em ) of Ind , ietrodueed a bin graath let d to Inc.iaoa and Illlaoi* for railroad parpeaea. '?arrrioiw agajjtt tit* a?rau. or rui xnaovai ooitra ?.r. Torcrrr, (Jem ) of Caen , pmeeated a? \arceeticct agalMt ths repeal of thaMiaaoarii ^be. Mr. W^n?, (free toll) of Ohio? Similar petition* Ohio. Mr. Evgxm, (whig) of Maaa ?Fro* Maaaaahoaatta. Mr F>ii, (whig) of N. Y -1-rom Moatgoaaary ( ?aw Toik Mr. Ciusa, (fraa aril) of Ohlo-Klght from Ohio. Ii?a< wea th* proceed nga of a pualie meeting at a r CairoU ec uaty, uMo, ooaof th* reaolattoMOf i waa ?a fellow*:? F? ' W'J That each member *r Oeagreaa whe veto* lea. -r in acrway glrti aonntonanea to the paaeeg* eftbeMB lor ?1 a win i :at|< v> ?t tbaNebraaka Territory, aa reaetM 1 j '"?natr r I onrlm efllllMla.laa traitor to hie eoaaiajk to (eeacin aat to U?4, w rthj only c( averiaaUaa latama. Mr Hi m*ib (fraa toll) of Mae* ?Three from Maaeaaha >atu, one fr:n. Itolaca, and Ova from l'eaaaylvaala. Mr. Cutto*, (whig) of I>il.? Two from IMawara Ail of theai were laid oa tha tabla. nra n'ou nrmaaT rranarm uiwi. Mr Prixca, (wblg) of MB., ptaaantad th* proatadiagg ?t a mrethig le llatti mure, la favor of amaadiag th* Rrrela tle? ary peaaion lawa, aad of flvtaf oaa handred ard Mali aa-.ra ef laod to all who aarvad la tha war of 1N2. nru p<>b Tin vxutr or rraoaMaM ar iwxur laxd Mr On /ar, (d*m ) or Mlah , Introdnc*! a bill fag ra.lef of purebaaare aad looatori of orarflowtd aad ?* .a aa It waa takes np aad pa*aad rAtM?T for imvbitk.atiow ov rsAao* >? ""at j BAiarr. Mr. Bibaptia*, (derp ) or Ark, reported a retalaBaa 9 . ecHag pa j merit of Riebard M. Young, for kin aervl w* ? iavftitigatiog (he aharge* agaiont Alex Kameeft law Hu perlnteadf at of ladlae a (taira la Mtaaeaota LU4 9m. . i?i.;ubwt ii?*n . . _ . _ He hUlgvar I lag land to aU the ****** ?ha baa*4H ?f Ir'.lgin' ireaee we* takee ap ?Bd amaad*d I1** aaahlHata 100,000 a are* , tee vbag th* ?th? 6, ?** to be anportlocfd amongst them aeojrdiag to thatr aaa poan.1 ratio of poj,ula?loa aad anmbar of aqiare m?aa Mr. Uwt*. (dew ) oi Oal . eald there waa ao lewd laOai > ?a. wa opee ta p?iva? aetry. AM wh aaeda ?a-? VVK ?.w mrm< V u?B? T?*? ka k nm &