The New York herald. [volume], May 21, 1854, Image 3

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to retoni with tclat our visit of 1861. Two
uelejnteu of the Ijtngtufe Government have just ar
rived in Pari" to ooue to an understanding with
tine Imperial Commission on all points connected
with the productions which Great Britain is to send
to the Universal Exhibition. In this immense com
petition of all nat ions, the Government relies with
confidence ?n the seal and skill of our manufactur
ers and of our artists to support worthily their repu
tation and the glory of the country.
Loudon and Parts Fashions.
[From lbs lady's (London) Newspaper.)
ftruiui Coarcim.? Robs of rich white glee.-. The skirt
bss three broad flounces, edged with a band of white
terry velvet, cut out in points at each side. The corsage,
which is high, and flts closely to tho figure, is fastened
up the front from the waist to the throat by buttons,
the tops of which are set with clusters of small pearls.
The eewtnre, which is of white terry velvet, is fastened
in front of the waist in a small bow and long flowing
tnda: the latter, like the trimming on the flouncee, fa cut
cut in points at each side. The sleeves, which just de
scend to the elbow, are of moderate width, and are fin
ished at the ends by bands of terry velvet. The under
sieeves and collar arc of Bruaseis lace. The front hair is
arranged in bandeaux, and a plaiting of the black hair is
brought across the fore part of the head. Under '.hit
plait of hair is passed a band of white ribbon, which is
bed at each side by an ornament, consisting of a small
spray of fine pearls. The wreath, which Is worn at th#
back of the head, ia composed of jasmine, white roses,
and orange blossom, and under it is fixed a superb scarf
ill Brussels lace, which forma the bridal veil. In front
of the corsage a small bouquet of tha same flowers as
these composing the wreath. The prayer-book is cov
ered with white torry velvet, embossed with silver, and
is fastened by a mother o'-posrl clasp. Boots of white
silk.
GENERAL OBSERVATIONS ON FASHION AND DRESS.
New mantelets, adapted to summer wear, are daily
making their appearance. They are various in color as
wel! as in form, The kind of mantelet most likely to
predominate this year?if we may judge from present
appearances?is small in size, descending only to the
waist; but it is usually lengthened by means of rieli and
fell trimmings, which cover the arms and flow gracefully
over the skirt of the dress. These mantelets are open or
close in front, according as they are iutended for neglige
or a more elegant style of walking costume. For
neglige, black, gray, drab, and other sombre colors are
usually adopted. The m&nteUta are trimmed with frills
?f silk, edged by one, two. and sometimes even by three
roehee of ribbon, and surmounted by a ruche of tho
same. A mantelet of this kind recently made for a very
young lady, is composed of gray silk. It ia f&sfened at
tte waist in front by a bow of ribbon, of the same color
as the silk, with long flowing ends, and the frill which
forms the trimming it gathered up at the inside of the
arm by a similar bow. Several mantelets of blaek silk
have been trimmed with two frills, edged with a deep
scallop, and some have within each scallop a bouquet of
flowers werked in embroidery. Ifantelets of the scarf
form are also fashionable. Many are magnificently em
broidered and trimmed with lace; others are composed
entirely of black lace.
The dresses prepared within the last week for the forth
coming festivities of the London season, consist for the
?tost part of silk of various kinds, viz., brocade, figured
with bouquets of flpwers of variegated colors, lampas in
rich arbosqne patterns, moire-antique lame with gold
and silver, satin, and silk ornamented with a pattern a
disposition.
Some of the new evening dresses just computed in
Faris, arc trimmed in a novel style, with applicator of
velvet and satin, in two different colors. One of these
dresses is composed of white satin, trimmed with flouu
ees of pink velvet alternating with flounces of white
satin, there being three of pink terry velvet, an l two of
-white satin. The white satin flounces are ornamented at
the edge with a wreath of roses, and the remaining por
tion with a sprig consisting of small roes leaves, tho
whole pattern composed of pink velvet applicator. Upon
Ihe pink velvet flounces the same pattern Is repeated in
applicator of white satin. This trimming is peculiarly
ncii. We ought to add, that the flounces are set on ia
very slight fulness, and that they are scalloped at the
edges.
A dreeeof white tulle has just been completed for a
lady of rank, attached to her Majesty's court. This
dress has two jupes?the under one trimmed to the
height of the knees with a bouillonne of tulle, inter
mingled at intervals with sprays of sweetbriar, haw
thorn and the mulberry in fruit. The upper jupe ia en
tirely covered by two flonncee of silk guipure. Each
of the flounces is looped np on one side by a bouquet
consisting of sweetbriar and hawthorn, with the leaves
and fruit of the mulberry tree Intermingled. Similar
bouquets ornament the sleeves, the centre of the cor
sage, and confine the folds of a berthe of guipure. The
sleeves are very short, covering only the shoulder, but
are lengthened by sprays of flowers, which droop over
the arm. The eoiffure which accompanies this dress con
sists of a demi-wreath placed Tery low at the back of the
head, and terminating at each aide in long sprays, which
droop nearly to the shoulder. A dress of amber color
crape has been made for the same lady. It is trimmed
in a style similar to the dress just described. The bou
quets consist of the berries of Ihe service tree, intermin
gled with holly leaves.
The mourning orders consequent on a recent death in
a noble family, include, for day costume, dresses of black
poplin, grenadine, and barege. The bonnets mostly con
sist of crape. For evening parties, rich black lace is a
favorite material, employed either for the entire dress or
lor flouncing dresses of another texture. We have just
seen a dives for slight mourning composed of black satin,
over which is worn a tunie of black blonde, ornamea'ed
with a very rich palm-leaf pattern. The corsage is low,
and covered with blonde. On each sleeve is to be worn
an agraffe of pearls, and in front of the cordage a pearl
ornament, with a triple pendent attached. The coiffure
for this dress is a row of Urge pearls placed between
double bandeaux of hair, and closing in the centre of the
plait at the back under a pearl ornament with pendauta,
the same as that worn in front of the corsage.
Another evening dress suited to mourning costume
consists of gray crape. The skirt has three flounces of
VUek lace, each sunnonnted by a trimming of jet. The
short sleeves and the corsage, which U low and poin'ed
in front, are trimmed with alternate rows of Uce and jet.
in the centre of the corsage is to be worn an agraffe of
the most splendid amsthysts, and in the hair a diadem of
amethysts and jet.
The under sleeves most generally worn and best
adapted to the spring season are formed of one bouil
lonne. or puff, and are fastened at the wrist by a very
narrow band of insertion. According to tbe style of the
drees, they may be made of pUin or spitted tulle, or of
PrnSFslls tulle, sprigged with small flowers. These
sleeves are frequently trimmed with bows of narrow
ribbon, of a color harmonising with that of the dress.
The lower edge ef the wristband is trimmed with a row
of lace an Inch or rather more in width. For this pur
pose Valenciennes is usually employed if the sleeves are
Of tulle, and Brussels for those having a Brussels ground.
Theatre* olid Exhibition*.
Broadway Theatre Mr. James Anderson, the
English tragedian, is to personate the character of
Gisippos, in Gerald Griffin's play of that name, to
morrow evening. The other leading characters are
assigned to Mr. Conway, Mr. Pope and Mine. Ponisi.
The amusing piece, entitled " Twas I," clones the
entertainments.
Bowery Tula tub.?The new drama styled "Sal*
Tutor Rosa," will be presented again to-morrow
evening, wifti the same good cast. The carnival
scene and the tntsk are mnch admired. The drama
of the " Forty Thieves," which is well cast, will
also be given.
Niblo'b Gabikn.?The new ballet of " Genevieve,
tbe Sonnambnle," and the fairy pantomime called
" Medina, or a Dream and Reality," comprise the
entertainment announced by Mr. Niblo for to-mor
row night. Mile. Yrca Mathias and the entire Ravel
family will appear.
Burton's Theatre.?The benefit of Mrs. Buck
land will come off to-morrow evening. The pieces
selected are the comedy of the " Honeymoon " and
the " Two Buzzards.'' In addition to the regular
company, the following persons have volunteered :?
Mile. Dncy Barre, Mr. waiter Kcable and Sir Wm.
Don.
National Theatre.?Mr. Pncdy has engaged
Messrs. Cony and Taylor and Master Cony, with
ibeir highly trained dogs. They will make their
first appearance to morrow night, ki the "Forest of
Bordy' and the "Ourang Oniang.'" The "Maniac
Lover" will be the commencing piece. The old
standard prices are to be rammed.
Wallace's Theatre?Shakspese's comedy o
"As Yon Like It," in which Mr. Waliack will sua
tain the character of Jacques, will be played to
morrow evening. Mr. W. will be supported by the
entire company. Tbe laughable farce of "Love and
Murder" will terminate all.
?Tullien's Concerts?There will be a jubilee per
formance to-morrow evening, in commemoration of
the two hundredth, and positively last night of the
"American Quadrille." All the most popular of
Jnllien's old favorites, with several new composi
tions, will be presented. On this occasion also Mrs.
W allace BoucMlle will na ? her first appearance
at these concerts. An immense attendance may be
expected.
American Mohkum?The tragedy of "Jain
^bore,' anJ the amusing fare * of ?? Deaf as a Post "
lire to be represented to-morr? w evening, the casts
of which embrace the names si C. W. Clarke Daly
Hadawey. and Miss Mestayer. Two good 'pieces'
will be given in the afternoon.
Chriaty 's Mi vstrel-v continue to give their negro
delineations at Mechanics' HaiL The programme
for tomorrow ewning comprises several of their
lest negro melodies.
Wood's Minstbfxs " Cncie Tom's Cabin" is
announced again for to-imrrow night. George ap
Hearing a? Topsy. and in p'tsw Kneas-i as Eva, she
LaviDg recovered from her late indlsps-ifion.
Bvcelht's Siren adebs.?This company adver- I
tisc a repetition of the burlesque oner# ? "Norma'' j
for to-morrow evening, together with of their
favorite ballads and instrumental solos,
Prof. Hart's WnoLs World is still oir -exhibi
tion at 377 Broadway.
Faiiy Sho w in Canada.?A correspondent of .the
Furling'rn Fit I'rttt gives an amusing account of a
fair ?fc' w in Rytown, Canada, on tha 3d iast. Tb*
rises sere fCOea-h 10 the three largest, fattest, aiwf
hsadsomest tabic * In tbe town of March. Thero w*rs ,
bat two oshies praiented, one sixteen and the other
seveattsa months oi.I.each of whom received a prise.
>'trr r< mc sf nroi rinte speeches by tb# jndges one of
lb* 1'ichf moAtars made the anno inrement that "she
ftiOSf have nn- Her baby to ahow at the same time and
place next ysar .f ?(??re wa? a premium to "? i-ven,"
Ft *h <1. f< d t< u Is of apj U ,?e
THE REGENERATION OF POLAND.
Washington Citt, May 17,1864.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD.
I have luckily obtained a copy of an address from
the Polish Exiles in London to the Resident of the
United States, which I enclose. It was forwarded
to the President by Mr. Buchanan, our minister at
London, with a very eloquent and touching letter.
This memorial gives the best elucidation of the Po
lish question that has been written. It cannot fail
to be read with interest throughout the United
States. It is understood to have been written by
Stanislaus Worcell, distinguished as a philosopher,
scholar, and patriot:? X.
TO THE PRESIDENT OP THE UNITED STATES OF AME
RICA, TIIE MEMORIAL OF THE POLISH CENTRAL
DEMOCRATIC COMMITTEE.
Poland, every way oppressed as she is, may wor
thily understand the grandeur and the bearing of
American policy. She does understand them; she
appreciates both the inner meaning of the manifes
tations of American sympathy with the elements of
the European future, and also the reserve imposed
on those manifestations by existing international
relations; and, respecting that reserve, bat profit
ing by the last and perhaps the most significant of
those manifestations, she, through us, would place
in the bands of the government of the New World
those informations wluch she knows to be indispen
sable to every State preparing to actively influence
the future destinies of Burope.
It is to this, by their position, by their power, by
the renovating principle which, in the strength of
their youth, they inaugurated in modern history
that the United States of North America seem to be
called. In proclaiming themselves independent, and
at the same time republican, in the face of a world
yet altogether monarchical, they boldly took the
initiative of that progressive movement which was
TB draw all peoples after them, and assured them
selves the first place in the new order of things
created by them.
And, as if the republican principle itself had need
ed to preserve the affiliation of its historical deve
lopement along the ages, the only great republic o'
the wom-eaten Europe of that day, Poland, expiring
under the violence or royal conspirators and the de
leterious influence of monarchical elements which
had been intrcdnced into its bosom, sent the latest
of the heroes of her past to die nnder the walls of
Savannah, and borrowed from the war for American
independence, the hero-initiator of her future?Kos
ciusko.
To the American monument of Pulaski responds
the mound raised to Kosciusko upon his natal shore
by the hands of all Poland; and, since the mighty
shades hovering over them grasp hands athwart the
thickness of the terrestrial globe, the indissoluble
pact is sworn of the common destinies of America
and Poland.
For since then Poland bus not one instant ceased
to live in the shroud with which the kings had
wrapped her; and, at the moment in which America
is preparing to give back to her old mother, Europe,
that youthful life whose germs were her's, and to
preside over her future destinies, Poland finds her
self ready to re-enter the lists and to re-conquer the
existence which the monarchies refuse her.
It is this last fact which should be known to Ame
rica; it is of this that we are to inform her?and we
are competent to do it; for, representing in the
emigration the renovating principle of Poland, that
of its future vitality, wc nave since 1830 mixed in
| all the manifestations of Polish national life, from
those of the martyrs of the expedition of Colonel
! Zaliwski, in 1834, to those of the prisoners issuing
! triumphantly in 1848 from the dungeons of Berlin,
| and the unknown names which since, even until
now, have borne witness to the vitality of their
country before the inquisitors and the executioners
of Vienna, of Berlin, of Warsaw, and of Petersburg.
II is also we, the Polish Democratic Society, who
have furnished chiefs to those sons of Poland who,
wanting battle-fields in their own country, have
sought them since 1849 in Hungary, in Italy, in
Germany, bearing the Polish flag wherever floate4
that of freedom, of which it was the inseparable
companion.
But it is not of the snbterrancan life of Poland
that we would bear witness, nor even of that eccen
tric life which, lacking scope to manifest itself with
in, broke the vase and spread itself beyond, in the
form of emigration or of legion. All that is known,
ascertained, incontestible; and more, all that is of
the past. What we would bear witness of is the
near future of Poland and those elements of the
present which already guarantee its infallible ad
vent.
Confidants of the secret thoughts of our people,
through a thousand channels, worn underneath bars,
frontier barriers and seas, by the repressed love of
liberty on one side and the exile's love of country
on the other, in order that they might communi
cate together and concert the means of reunion,
we simply tell you it is so, and establish the fact.
But if it is not permitted us to furnish the proofs of
its existence, of that general, universal disposition
of men's minds which but dissembles itself the more
carefully as it thereby assures itself a prompter and
' completer satisfaction, of that sullen fermentation,
progressing in a manner so uniform, though rapid,
as to be imperceptible until the moment In which
the vase is broken, we can and are about to prove
that it cannot be otherwise, and that if the cabinets
of our oppressors misunderstand this fact, and by
the measures which they take and the events which
they provoke ore rendering it inevitable, it is be
cause the principle upon which they base them
selves is a principle of death?a fatality, blinding
them, and pushing them to self-destruction.
One of the grounds of security upon which our
oppressors are so foolishly slumbering is the appa
rent inaction of Russian-Poland in 1848, Tids inac
tion was fatally imposed upon it by its position
then; and this position is now reversed.
Nowhere more than in Poland has a general move
ment need df time to ripen and burst forth?for a
double reason, peculiar to this country:?On the
one hand the want of great centres of population
and the difficulty of communication between widely
strown villages, and on the other the marked sepa
ration between the people and the noble class.
This separation is one not only of interests, but
abo of habits, of beliefs, of affections, and, in
most of the provinces, of dialect or language. The
only sentiment which unitjs them is their love of
country, bnt that so differently conceived that the
proper moment for rising doubt not be the same for
?both classes, unless it should be imposed upon them
both by European events. It is to the treasons of
the nobility that the people attributes the defeat of
the efforts in which it MM taken part since 1704 ;
and, though the nobles may be now ready to join in
a popular movement because they are convinced
that without it their own force would be insufficient,
the people would not obey the appeal of the nobles,
nnless it obtained from them farther guarantees
than they have already given. For the Polish no
bility alone the meaning of 1848 waa clear: so the
people remained everywhere passive, except in the
urand Duchy of Posen, where, being nearer to
events, it better understood them, and responded
with an ardor of patriotism which eveu the nobles,
whose policy was one of expediency, though tit ne
cessary to calm. Besides, it needed, for the mntual
understanding of the two classes for a common
movement, and still more for any concert between
populations dispersed over an immense territory,
more time than elapsed between the trinmph of
February and the fall of Rome and Hungary, with
out taking into consideration the bad effect produced
on the pontic mind by the deaUngs of the French
government with the partitioning Cabinets, the mas
sacres of June, and tne triumphs of the reaction at
Vienna, Berlin and Dresden, in Baden and in Lom
bard}-, the bloody supDression under the very eyes of
the 1- rench Ambassador of the rising in the bud
Dnchy of Posen, and the bombardment of Cracow
and l.ernberg. The Russians, waiting, were concen
trated in Poland for the new effort they were pur
posing to make in Hungary against the European
revolution ; and Poland had to remain a moveless
snectatorof the grand drama played under her eyes,
Without the great majority of her uhabitant- com
prehending what it meancd.
/loth time and a direct appeal wen waiting.
Few she has already had the one,.arid Ls about to
ear the other.
And it was not at the first shot fired on the
Dan&bo that the time of preparation began, but in
deed in that same year 1848, which appeared to
have >:nade so little imprest ion ujxrc tne Polish
people.
What the massacres of Qallicia, otganized by
Mettemich and conducted by Mzela, had hindered
in 184(1. the revolution of 1848 accomplkhcd. The
serft of Callicia were emancipated, were admitted
?to the national representation, saw their former
lordi hold out their hands to them and sit down be
side them on the legislative benches ; and, although
the Austrian .government has endeavored to have the
honor of this attributed to itself, yet, since it has
afterwards eavctcd from tlie peasants the prire of
the ceded lands and the abolished eoccago labor,
(Mice it htes also lone away with the Representative
Chambers to which the revolution had called them,
some hundred then sands of emancipated peasant
proprietors mow In Callicia are to the Btillions of
Polish serfs order Russian domination a living tes
timony of what they have to expect from there
volution in Poland.
This great, this decisive unction, of the future
destinies of Poland,?-this of the emancipation of
the serf and of the throwing open the land to be
Cultivated by him for his ow? nse, free from all feu
&l charge and without indemnification for the pro
prU'tor, which had been discussed and affirmatively
resol, cd in the Polish emigration for a number of
years,? has been, since then, regarded by the cja?
of territorial proprietor* in Poland a* in fact tlecit
ed; and the peasants' unbelief of the promises of
their lords, till then not followed bj deeds, has bad
to rire way to the evidence of the accomplished fact
in tne provinces which the revolutionary movement
had passed over. This immense progress toward
the rosion of the classes, from which the indepen
dence of Poland mnst proceed, has been found ac
complished since 1849. The propaganda of the al
liance between the national and the social ideas
thenceforth slowly extended among the une
maneipated people, and progressed there uninter
ruptedly, while above it eacii of the trinmphs of
the reaction threw trouble, disheartening, and too
often doubt and apostacy, In the souls of the noble
and privileged classes. Prom this arise the errone
ous judgments of tourists in Poland as to the spirit
of the populations, of which they never touch but a
single surface layer, without ever having time or
means to sound Its depth.
It was in this disposition of mind that the affairs of
Turkey found Poland. Their action on the masses
was doubly decisive
Certainly
ly the nobility could see and did see in it a
complication l'rom which the derangement of the
European equilibrium might issue, ana thence an oc
casion for new national efforts. But, accustomed to
judge of events from the relations of the journals,
and reading there how all the powers or Europe
were determined to maintain peace, or at least the
status quo of territorial divisions, by confining the
w ar to the limits of Turkey, it thought, conscious of
its ow n powerless!icss ,that it might content Itself with
waiting Home deliveiunco from without?something
like the Napoleouist intervention of old time in the
affiiirs of Poland. From that nothing could result,
except, at very most, a change of masters.
But the people judges not from such premises; and
consequently it arrives at very different conclusions.
It has traditions, and believes in them: it has im
pulses, and it follows them. It i acts are determined, by
its feelings more than by its reason; or, rather, the
popular reason, which we improperly call instinct,
takes special connt of its affections, its wants, its
faith, and the facts which meet its understanding,
without complicating them with calculations and ar
guments beyond it" reach. Now, the events which
are passing in Tut key, by their proximity as well as
by tneir notoriety, are especially of a nature to im
press it and to determine it to a rising.
For a year past it has seen its fields traversed by
two immense avalanches of soldiers coming from the
North and precipitating themselves southward into
the two yawning gaits of Wallachia and the Cau
fnere the Tu
casus. There the Turkish scimitar lays them low ;
for the cannon roars, the Te-Deums in the ?churches
resound uneclioed, but none return to bear witness
of the victories they have won. Ou the contrary,
mysterious voices whisper in the ear that word?de
feat ; and the faces of every regiment that arrives
are more downcast and more pale than those that
went before. And yet these armies arc not enough;
they are being exhausted, they are shrivelling up:
for sealed papers come to the village registrars,
which, when tney are opened, condemn nine of every
thousand peasants to the hell of military service. At
this mournful news the stepjies ore peopled with
fugitives, the forests with rangers, and in the vil
lages only old men, women, and children are left.
The cholera never so unpeopled them as now the
pitiless fear of the Tzar. For how can the Tear be
without fear, whom even the Turks are beating,
while England and France are arminy against him ?
Fiance who, formerly, in spite of England, could
pass one night at Moscow, and only be driven
thence, according to the popular sentence, by the
Generals Frost and Famine?now France is no
more in the eyes of the people of Poland the France
of 1812, but that of 1848. It is the revolution which
enfranchised our brothers in Galllcia ; it is emanci
pation ; it is freedom?it is Poland. Heretofore,
between the free peoples and Poland rose the insur
mountable wall of the Russian, Austrian, and
Prussian forces, untied together in one fascia of
royal conspiracy; to-day this conspiracy is
dissolved, Russia isolated, and her army, the prin
cipal barrier, removed from the West to the South.
Between the West and Poland there is no more bar
rier ; access to Poland is left free to the European
Revolution: for what matters to the people the
letter of Napoleon III. and his conservative assur
ances ? Does it know them ? Can they have on its
imagination the same influonce as tne memory Of
the revolutions of France, Vienna, Berlin, Venice,
Rome, and Hungary ? All these revolutions, which,
did not
six yeuvs ago, did not move it, have since appeared
to it clothed with the prestige of the past. Paris,
Vienna, Berlin,Rome, Venice, Hungary: they all
mean Liberty. Poland, it is Liberty ; anil more, it is
independence, glory, bravery. And liberty is the
abolition of the Russian recruiting system, the abo
lition of soccage labor, the abolition of a vexatious
Rolice?it is the proprietorship of the land ; it is
'eedom for religious worship, free trade, markets
open lor its grain and cattle?it is, in a word, wealth,
prosperity, well-being. This is how the good sense
of the people of Poland sums up the present ques
tion, and solves it with one single argument: the
Turks can beat the Russians?why may not the
Poles?
Under these circumstances, any appeal would dc
^jjnnnf them to rise?no matter w hence it might
_ sed, from a town, the fields, or the forests, from
a Cossack or a noble, from the steppes of the Ukraine
or a fleet in the Baltic?provided it is sufficiently
noised abroad to be heard throughout the country,
and of sufficient duration to reach its farther fron
tiers. But this appeal has already reached them, and
now stirs theirminds, rclieurtcns them, and sharpens
their scythes and lances. And this appc.il is an old
legend, an accredited prophecy, an article of the
popular faith ; it is the apocalyptic prediction of the
Cossack Wcrnyliora.
This propheev, uttered after the confederation of
;he banks ?
Bar, on the banks of the Dnieper, and conceived in
a sense eminently Polish, has sin e penetrated into
all the provinces of Poland, and found believers
every where among the people.
This prophecy, iu old yellow manuscripts, poking
from hand to hand among our gran li'athers, was
preserved bv tlicm, if they were noble, with that
sort of veneration which attaches to a carious nwm
t n.? nt of the visionary patriotism of old time; but,
if they belonged to the people, wa- learned by heart
as a centirmation of their hopes and a guarantee of
their realization. After having very clearly pre
dicted the total dismemberment, the utter full of
Poland, it indicates, in apocalyptic images, the fruit
less efforts which will Ik) undertaken for its relief,
and ends with the prediction of a universal c.ita
elvsm, terminated by a war, in which the Turks,
allying with Poland, shell coine to water their hur.-es
in tlie Viat tila, but which shall be decided by the
maritime intervention of England. Then, says
Wemyhora, all Poland will rise, glorious and tri
umphant, and engage in one great and last battle,
in a locality of the Ukraine, which lie mentions by
name, and pursue the fleeing Russians into a defile,
also mentioned, where our linal triumph shall ire
sealed by their utter extermination. In the niitids
of the great maiority of the people of Poland, the
names mentioned in this prophecy have pa-sed into
the condition of a sacramental formula; they are
part of the articles of its belief, and have tikeu over
its determinations the authority of a commandment
of the Most High.
Here, again,may find place what haa already so
many times in history pnt the systematic doubt u'
scepticism to the proof?the pretended effect will
have determined the cause, the prediction will h :vc
produced its own fulfilment, and the fact will have
taken place solely because it had been announced.
It is not only very natural, but also necessary, inevi
table, fatal, in the eyes of whoever knows the cir
cumstances and dispositions of the people as we
know them. The people of Poland, following the
events of the present war, will rise because it will
find motives determining it to rise; and will not be
able to binder itself from obeying them; it will rise
because these motives arc suggested to it, not bv a
system of policy of which it understands nothing,
nor by rorspirators in whom it could have no conli
dence, and who, moreover, once discovered, would
draw into oue ruin both their plans and the end they
proposed to attain?but by greater events, having a
clear and positive meaning for it?by a redoubling
of oppression caused by the conscription and by
military and police exactions?by the wandering
life to which ail the young and robust generation has
been reduced, and tile mutual contact into which it
has been thrown in tlie forest depths, which served
it as a hiding place?by the recollections of 1848,
wltich only by now have had time to ripen in its
mind--by the hopes of freedom and amelioration
*' " ft '
which ft connects with them?by its legiti
mate desire of holding territorial property?
by its love of family, of kindred, and of
country, and its liate of foreign oppressors?by
the spectacle of the fear oiid consequent weakness
of those who. e defeats on the Danube are the first
satisfaction accorded to its thirst for vengennce, as
well as an encouragement to its daring?by the vague
belief that the peoples which triumphed six yeatn ago
continue to lire, all stricken down as they are, and
that they will, like Itself, profit bv the divisions of
their oppressors?by its traditions, its beliefs, its
recollections, and its prophecies. It will rise, in
fine, because, for the first time since the partitlon
ings, not only throughout the eight Palatinates of
the so-called kingdom of Poland, as in 1830, or in
the Grand Duchy of Posen and the republic of Cm
cow, as in '46 and '48, but also in Lithuania tnd Vol
hvnia, in the Ukraine, in Podolia, in Gallieia,every
where, even to Little Ilusxia beyond the Dnieper,
and White Rti-sia beyond the Dawina?its passions
find themselves In accord with the desires or the no
bles, who this time will obey the appeal of the i?o
plc, even thongh thev should not conspire on tneir
own account, and will throw thcmseivrs into the
rank* to win at the point of the lance some compen
sation in considt ration and renown for th< position
lost to them by the revolution. ? And now, wli.it will
be the consequence of this rising, to the future of
Europe ? This, for the sake of our cauan, and in
accomplishment of the duty which we have to fulfil
towards the peoples, our brothetu?this is what we
are about to examine.
As }fr. Drnmmond very pertinently said in the
House of Commons, without Poland there can be
no useful or profitable issue to the war of Europe
against Russia. Leave that its frontiers of 1836.
and ttw fin: misncdt; -uuxJing bttwt e? EnglsDd and
France, to say nothing of Pruaaia and Anatria?hete
rogeneous bodies whose interest' draw them together,
without, however, uniting them?will open to it
again the way to Constantinople, which, beside*, ii
accessible to It from two oppoate sides?from the
north serosa the Danube and the Balkan, from the
south across Thessaly, Macedonia, and Epirus. And
benoeforth Constantinople is necessary to Russia,
not only as its outlet to the Mediterranean, but be
cause it must have theGreco-Slavonian world in or
der to reconstitute for its own advantage, the em
pire of the East. The Slavonian world alone would
nave no historic meaning; would remain incomplete,
or must bring Austria and Europe down upon it, as
it would be forced to encroach upon them; besides,
it is less rooted in Europeap traditions than the By
zantine tendencies, which, since Vladimir the Sln
&le-honded, at Kijow, and John Hasilidesat Moscow,
?ve pursued Tzarism ev.n to the winter palace,
and there, in onr days, baptised the grandsons of
Catherine, and then the sons of Nicholas, with the
names of Alexander, Constantine, and Michael.
Authentic or apocryphal, the testament of Peter I,
reveals the real thought of the Tzars; Poland
as the means, Constantinople for the end. If
we would not that Russia should have Con
stantinople, we must not leave it the means of con
quering it; we must take from it Poland, its first
stage on the road to the empire of the East. Master
of Poland, Russia sooner or later renews the empire
of the Porpbyrogeniti.
And Poland in the hands of Russia serves it to
attain a doable end?an end yet, nearer, in the nor
mal situation of Europe, than the destruction of the
Ottoman Empire?an end which Russia is attainiug
pacifically, silently, by the aid, not only of its
underground agents, its hired writers, the secret
societies it organizes in the border-countries, but
also by the growing influence of its religious, com
mercial, and Industrial relation^: we are speaking
of the concentration at Moscow and Petersburg of
the direction of all the Slavonian peoples of that
grand system of absorption which they name Rus
sian Panslavisiu. Let it keep Poland, and some
line day Russia will see its protectorate invoked by
all the Slavonians of Germany and Turkey, from
the Styrian Alps in the west and the Hartz Moun
tains at the north, to the Balkan at the south and
Varna in the east?hauling then into its immense
net those Roumanian populations for which it now
contends with Turkey, and adding to the crowns of
Kazan and Astracan those of Bulgaria, Servia,
Montenegro, Dalraatla, lllyria, Crotia, Bohemia,
Moravia, and Silesia. Theu it will no longer need
to displace a large number of its troops; it will I
have only to excite troubles, and, after having let ;
the Germans and Turks be driven out by the Sla- |
voniun populations, to step in to stop the effusion of
blood, anil to establish an order of tilings permitting !
it to act as protector against all future oppression. '
The Slavonian Empire will be founded at one
swoop.
The reason of this is. that Russia is, at the pre
sent time, the only great Slavonian power; and so
offers to the Slavonian populations oppressed by the
German, Ottoman, or Magyar laces the only cle
ment wanting to them for constituting themselves
nationally?the leverage of its strength.
No!?Russia has no force of attraction on a great
portion of these peoples but that of its material
power. Bilesians, Moravians, Ulyriaus, Dalmatians,
Cioats, and now an immense majority of Tcheks,
belong to a different faith?to the Latin Church; j
and in their language approach much nearer to the
Poles, who, with them, constitute the western
branch of the Slavonian dialects, than to the Rus
sians. And as to the Slavonians of the South, who,
without belonging to the Russian Church, belong
yet with it to the great Eastern Church, having Con
stantinople for religions metropolis, it is independ
ence and liberty, and not Tzarian despo'i-m to which
they aspire, for which they invoke a-si.stancc, and
not domination, and an assistance they would gladly
exchange for the friendship ami brotherly support
of a free, a strong, and a republican 1'oitud. Even
among the Cossacks of Little Russia, there are none
who do not, in their hatred of Tzari-un. turn their
hopeful eyes toward au alliance with a Poland re
constituted upon new bases, in whom they know,
from the Polish pupils of their University of Char
kow, so numerous sin:e the closing of the Universi
ties of Wilna and Krzemieniec, that they would find
not a master but a friend.
Let Poland rise, theu (and we have proved that
she will rise), and risen let her maintain herself in
the rank of independent nations rejoicing in the
Sleuitudc of their rights, and Russia will find itself
epiived of all possibility, cither ot putting itself at
the head of the Grcco-Slavonian world by the con
quest of Constantinople, or of establishing the IVn
sluvonian Empire, of which else in a very near fu
ture the possession is unfailingly assured to it.
Poland, theu, is a necessary elemen: of the new Eu
ropean equilibrium, an Indispensable guarantee lor
the security of the We-tern states, ami consequently
a condition sine ?/i<? .1 on of any definitive treaty, au
cud forcefully prescribed for the operations of the
prerent war, if any profit is to be drawn from it for
lHiirmiity, for Europe, or ior the belligerents them
selves.
However. we cannot, and we should not, dissem
ble that the of Poland will completely niter
the conditions of the present ??tinggie, and that if,
on the one hand, it assures the security and progress
of the peoples allied with Turkey, ft may, on the
other hand, menace more than one of their govern
ments, detach Austria and Pius-it from the alli
ance, und remake, to the advantage of liberty and
right, that n ap c?f Europe which was drawn by
d< apetic force.
It i- in vain that the governments of Franco and
England assure their respective countries of the nr
quirition of the two great German power* to their
confederation again-t Russia, This acquisition is
owing only to the assurance given by Napoleon to
Austria and Prussia ot hi" help against any revo
lutionary attempt. Now Prance may keep down
Italy, and by maintaining tranquillity there, hinder
any outbreak in Hungary. But when l.nrd Claren
don, in the same speech" in which he announces to
the Home of lajrus the good news i f the Austro
Prrmeian alliance, lets peep out the possibility of
the re-cstablislimcnt of Poland (if It is that which
he really means under the denomination of portions
of tenitoiy taken from the neighboring powers.) he
forgets that this re-establishment would be a death
blow to his two allies. The Poland of lsli, even if
augmented by all the provinces who b have fallen
to Russia, would not satisfy the exigencies of the
awakened national sentiment. The iimbs violently
repainted by their dismemberment would rejoin
each other. Deprived of G.dlicia and tire Grand
Duchy of Posen, Poland would not ee! it?elf living
with that proper life which alone can a-mire it-"
existence and stability, for it would not be on
the recognition of its right.-, but on the
conveniences of the intervening powers, that
its new existence wonM be dependent?
Pallida and 1'osnania would rive anil proclaim
themselves Polish; and then Austria and Prussia,
not finding in their alliance with France and Eng
land the prombed security, wotild seek it in new
combinations hostile to the two powers. But such an
arrangement will never be: for Poland conscien
tiously feels her duty in the present crisis, and will
riseevithout waiting for permission, knowing that
to wait is to abdicate. Then Hungary will follow
it, and with Hungary Italy; then the populations of
Geimany?Dresden, Berlin, Vienna, Carlsrub^
Hesse and Scbleswig?will feel themselves revive;
then France, seeing her government on a wrong
tack, and involved in inextricable complications
for the sake of its alliances with worm-eaten despot
isms, will return to the republic, and the year 1?48
will be repeated, with more .experience, and conse
quently with more perfecthess and success. We
know not if all this enters into the calculations of
tLc English government: but it all results from what
we know to tie the dispositions of tiie Polish popula
tions; and this is why wc snbmit. it fur the conside
lation of the only government altogether disinte
rested in these matters, or rather the only one that
rnn lind in it a satisfaction of the principle after
which it exDti?the government ofThe I'nited -tates
of North America.
Vie do not think it necessary to discuss here the
supposition?inadmissible according to us?of the
ccntcqMOces to result fiom a completely passive at
tiiude en the purt of Poland. Let it suffice its to
establish summarily that for each of the other op
pressed nations?Italy, Hungary, Franot, Ac?the ;
utile ulties thrown in the way of there '-mancipation,
< n the one hand, by the Franco-Austrian alliance.
Itlng imminsc, and those occasioned to the allied
now* rs, on tLe other hand, by the insurrection of
the Greek provinces, tclng very great, those powers
wrnld he led to conclude a hasty peace on tue first
advances made to them by Russia, leaving intact in
Europe an older of things so oppressive and mon
strous, that, even if the dangers now menacing theiu
fioin Kusslp should tic removed, revolution would re
main imminent, and peace be lest a mured and uuie
precarious than ever.
It is to prevent this return tothe deplorable ?tatu$
into of the present time that, to make use of a cele
brated remark applied to the Supreme Being, if the
insurrection of Poland is not in the order of Inevit
able destinies, it ought to be invented: the more nc
ccsiary is it, eonrcqucntly, this insurrection being a
fact foreseen, to take count of it in all plans relative
to Eurrpcin affairs, and for every State preparing
to influence them to take some pains to fa< ilitate its
bursting forth and the beaiing of its fruit, for the '
general weli-fceing and for its own stability in
Euioje.
VVe should think ourselves unjust toward the j
United Hates if, misunderstanding the generous
nature of their intentions with regard to Europe, we
were to iuaist upon the advantage* which its eman
cipation would render to their influence, their
power, their commerce, and their rnaterisl pros
perity. It is so fine a thing for colonies, emanci
pated by their own heroism, and elevated to the
rank of powers of the first order, to return to the
mother country youth, vigor, developement, and
political progress, for the germs ol civilisation
which they had taken from her. and the liberty that
thiybad known how to match with armed hands
from her unjust ambition, that mere views of ma
terial int< lifts, how ver vast they may Ire In them
tcivce, tf in t* ncthT g compared w'rtn it. Witbo it
(topping farther, then, at this, and without availing
ourselves of the recollections which Oic sons of the
neroes of the war of independence preserve of their
? comrades ? Pulaski, Koseinsco,
ail hnv,nK demonstrated the benc
?"J fh rlH1JK of Poland in ilie present war,
upon the rear of the Russian armies, would briug to
ti'nl? ?*' y ? IVK ber encn7 t0 tbe heart and put
ting an end to the war of kings, as well as bv de
thitU& V?e "a Eu/???U1. revolution?alter proving
that in the present si tuition nothing else but this
rising could hare the mine effect? we will coutrnt
the ?
tcriir* condition9 arc of two moral an,I ma
The moral consists of the colloctivcness, the uni
ty, and the universality of the effort; and depend
wWeh'1^ in ?f"tain eXteUl on the MM?port
insurrectionary government will find iu
its spontaneous recognition by free nations. This
rSDt;iil0^be installed by the Tnsurr !.
will ,?ni ! r? !V Js Kay' ty "ie armed people; and
will make itself known to friends and enemies bv its
Ifrffi'n But a
niirchile-^d itll? h " a partyian assoclaHon, a
principle, aud it is in this state of embrvo that the
t?ve if 8iUti m a -0!' tb* Bympathetio and elfec
i if not the official, recognition of free nations is
especially necessary to it. To sympathize with and
to assist the party is to aliy with the government
which sbaJJ issue from it. Now, as there arc two
classes and two sorts of interests in Poland, there
are also two parties in the emigration; that of privi
lege and monarchy, round which rallies the Polish
aristocracy?and that of democracy, representing
the people, its aspirations and its rights. We have
LZ Jl10* ?"'y fr0m this b,st tbe instn
rectlon and its goverament can proceed, and how
1^ w uD,lrlnR 10 tLe llr8t W,U "Die
L .in )! J.0ll! lt~tlie l'arty or the aristocracy now
mo . 'the h8iH?JieH !??"'??.*? iu calculations
upon the initiative of the Cabinets of France and
England, the object of whose policy is quite anotlier
of the m?*, r(r?tom.Uo.n of Poland, in the choice
of the party with which henceforth the different
governments ought to connect themselves there can
nf rirn,1",h'>a j if. t,he monarchical party, that
Til t n i dlPlomatlsts, the monarchical
vf be connected; we do not deplore it.
llut to the democratic party, that of the peonle of
the national and humanitarian revolution?to the
lhhJiri?nee;iCfd.kyit^ Eur:'t??n con?mittee, allied
ante, with Italy, with Hungary, with (ler
pUCy* w.l?b Jloldo-Walfachla. with revolutionary
belongs henceforth the alliance, the
t-pprrt, the recognition of republics already consti
tuted. Its flag has from the beginning been carried
cLJ LT? b:? Ui? Po,ish 'democratic So
ad. rted it 7? ?iLi- 8 i count,y received it and
rv,i?L , ' and toward which to-day the
Polish people turn their eyes, to see what greeting
Vno'frT'i1 u' m ?-he Pe0P|c8, what support iUaay
f ? l?s eflort8? fevery mark oi HymoAtiiv
from America for the Polish democracy is moreUian
an encouragement; it is a redoublingTstrenglh
for the coming insurrection of Poland
Connected with the moral conditions of a sue
cessful risingis the written and oral, the public and
private, the printed and epistolary propogaiSUsm
rer{in'n-'n?S< precede action, and move it (Vom a dh
and u n? thaf'th i8,!'P?" Vs that ""'a devolves,
^,e^art rnr ifa odlBp0Su'.0f the material means
?lf^?y ? A accomplishment is intrusted. We
fuTiising"' material conditions of a success
conditions, the Central Committee of the
I olihk Democratic Society is in a clear way of real
tion^fri ?fltljf-i I>rrnCipU': tLe disarming of a por
ur a i? 6 forces in Poland, through tfeir
defection at the moment of action. For this it has
been only necessary to revive in the Russian armv
J ,c remembrance of the generous intentions of Pcs
SEES? H>',cieff, and Kachowfiki,
n A, between the democrats of the two coun
ty, s a sincere alliance, bused upon the recognition
of common objects and of mutual rights "fhis al
Jmncc has been concluded at London: a centre of
Russian propagandam has been established; nume
rous, varied, and popular writings have beenmb
*i lI??V^on,n?p.riicatioiwo|)ene<l; and the ardor with
which the writings are demanded, and new materials
umiBhed, proves that the revolutionary EJreaS
tatives of the two countries do not mistake u to
bc existence of the elements they represent and
the effect they reckon upon producing.
lhcro remain for the preparatory period, per
haps already very limited, the gathering of the re
!'...MCS.'ifraP?C y< of tha8e wbo are most distant
miri t v ? co"n,ry,?t fixed points, whence they
top,.<r,i I>0ri'ed nonr?ran'' kept in re ,ul in ess
to enter the country aimed, at the first moment of
nr (1 !nT'TrCt? 1 t,,e. meane of transport for them
wi U wh'iL i\?- ^ mUf precede them; and,
,, Va'rin?> their keep and outllt.
I l'oi the period of action supplies of arms and mu
1 'l^wAyV'1' Vi.vb"-'b the i'tsenaIs in the < Monies'
, handi can fumieh but u very tmall part, and that
; Lii l rtw^ia ly nor everywhere. The supplies ot
I , ,V oontracted lor and kept ready in
i ft r 11 e IVeTr n ley lul^bt b<' handy at any moment
V insurrection.
1 witil wLkh thc inktirrec
j tkn, EotWiihstaiiding the revolutionary menus o.
, 1 r n,fr, ? n,lliiC U80' Wi,i probably b< ill-sum
| plicdot ti e beginning, but wlii.-h, rich" in the im
I oumo'pl?'lrc-eHv?f the nation, once constituted, it
' cn. fly rcinibnive. This need can only be met
0i the natioi>.ii credit, the resources of the class
| v biri, , cw contains the germ of the future rev,du
t.rtn b. leg in,]], ami the wealthy classes being inter
cs cdiiot in nourishing but in retarding the lifsurrec
1 ?rr^i 8 restoration from Cabinets
' ?Je cifiiKifcd to do uotlunir for it. It in thon
Oi 11,e states which would have a Roland restored
t j lUe hands of her own ?onH.?that is to eav tho
I citJy Poland capable of Ailing tho part of prote stor
I unci civdizer, to which she is called it is for tho
t/tluMd in the actual present existence of the ele
mcnisoi her approaching resurrection, and which
, tun reckon upon her,?it Ls for them from to-day to
i oj cn on account with her. not with the object of
bi t hv fin-iliI'V"^' il t!ln ^try oase is inevitable,
but by facilitating and hastening her success, to
v. ard of many Hullmdngs, many stniggles, and much
el bkodebed lr?>m 1 oland, ami many mistakes and
calamities from thc other peoples of Ki.rooe.
his is what the Central l'olish I'enio, ratic Com
I rt , A0', rD".,n Ita c?"vittions and in thc truth of
ii.i, [ n L brought under notice, and confident of
UI"1 Koucrosity of the government of the
n< uK tat.s, submits to it, in witness of its un
bounded confidence, and as pledge of the decisive
part which Poland will take in the approuchhi
I Sniggles of the peoples. It will believe' it has af
twined itsaim.il in its relations with the govern
Snt s1m .'i pe0p,C8 of K,"one. during the
pretest crisis, the government of the United stales
Keeps count ot the I acts and assurances contained in
this communication. "lu
On behalf ot the Polish Hcmocratic Society.
Stanislaus Worckll,
Anthony Zarjcki,
n . . ZlKKKOWICS,
I .A t> "tr" Dtmonatic Committee.
March lo!' ^ ><iUau' Crey's Inn Road,
HUtoiy of the Hussions In California.
Fort Robs, Feb. 20, 1*54.
1 at last comply with a portion of my promises to
you, fcy Fending you the following sketch of the
lib tot y* of the illusion Settlements at Itoss and Bo
d( ft a.
At the legirtning of thia century the Russians
were extensively engaged in whaling and soal-catolv
irg f n the Nortn Pacific. Jhcy turned their attcn
tii u more part icnlai ly to tiie seal hunting, and the
ie:iis end sen otters were tl cn wonderfully name
tons on the coast of California. The Romans had
tluir depot at Sltkn, 8,000 inilea to the m it,h, and
tie i tter beaters found the distance a great incon
venience. In 1*12. Baronob, the chief agent of the
Eutslan Anitrican Company, applied to the Spanish
(!< veinor of California loi per mission hi erect some
111 hh. ai d to stalion a few men at Ross, about 70
miles west of north from the Bay of San Francisco.
I Tie l ussjana at that time occupied an imimrtant
i position among th< tinder? on the shores of the ter
tit' ly. and their request was granted without be*i
i ticu. They immediately took possearion, and
bu I! I'ott Ross. Becoming dissatisfied with tlie
want of a harbor nt Ross, they again applied for
! tim'sMon to e tnhlisli another station at Bodega
Bay, where there was a very passable shelter
for main. The permission was likewise grant
ed, and the Bodega settlement was made. At
those two points there were about two hundred
Russians, Aleutian blunders ai d half-breeds, con
stantly stationed, and there were many others cn
gugi d In fur hunting along the com*. The Aleutian
Indians brought with them their peculiar fishing out
fit, in which the principal article was a boat of walrus
skin stretched on a frame of Iron. The boat was i
f baped like a i anoc. covered, and in the middle had
a hole Inrge enough to admit the body of a man.
When about to go out fishing the Aleutian stepped
into his Ixwt, sitting upright, putting on a water
proof shitt, mude or walrus ent rails or lisii bladders,
tied the sleeves, the neck and the body tightly, ami
with his spear and paddle started forth. Thus pre
pattd, he would go out to the Faralloncs, double
Cape Mendoc ino, and laugh at the storm, for even if
hi? p? at upset he conld ri-ht It In a moment. If he
csughta seal or a sea otter, it was towed to a beach,
whete the tishci man untied himself, got out of his
host, thiust his prke in, tied himself up, and again
set forth. Thus he would hunt until lie had secured
his boat load, and then he would return. His prey
always furnished him with fat blubber for food, if lie
had exhausted the scanty stock stowed away in his
beat lieforc starting, ibe half-breeds were the me
chanics, and some of them were fur hunters. As
met hanics, tbey Were quite skilful and Industrious.
At Bodega and Ross tbey wetc the blacksmiths, car
penters and masons, n* they were in the same man
ner st Sitka. The Russians were the superintendents,
managers and employers.
Thi fishing am! bunting was found to be so urofit
i build
aV!? that the f-iabl -bn.ei?tgrew rapidly in 1
' i?gs and men, so ranch no that the Spaniards')!
rame alarmed. The Governor addressed a remort
I Btrance to Kuckofi', the Russian agent, who paid n<
1 attention to it. The Governor theu formally com
mauded the Russians to quit the territories of hit
Catholic Majesty. Kuskntr coolly denied tho sot#
reignty of Spain, and claimed the territory as a Rus
sian possession. This ocruiTcd during the Mexican
war of independence, and their internal diasensionB
prevented the Spaniards from taking any efficient
stepa to enforce the order. Indeed no action was
ever takeD to drive off the Russians by force. About
is33 the Mexican government gave orders for the
establishment of a military colony north of the Bay
of Sonoma, now called San Pablo Bay. This town
was established under the direction of M. G. Vallejo,
1 Commandants General tie las Fronteras del Norte, in
1^36, at Sonoma, but the occasion for It had almost
missed. About 1825 the activity and akill of the
Russian fishermen begun to reduce the number of
seals, sea otters, and other maritime far animals,
and as the fishing Itecame less profitable, tbc Rus
sian settlements became less prosperous, and in
1b35 the fishery was scarcely paying expenses.
1 The inhabitants at Bodega an<l Fort Ross began to
turn their attention to stoek raising and agriculture,
but they soon tired of it. and in 1841 the company
sold out their live stock, goods and ether property, to
Captain Sutter. The people returned to Sitka, ex
I cejit a very few, among whom was Hoeppener, who,
with his lady, removed to Sonoma. Hoeppener
disappeared several years ago, and Mrs. Hoeppener
is, bo far as I know, the only relic of the Russian
. colony at Bodega. She has tasted deeply of mis
foitune since her hiu-band's reverse of fortune and
1 desertion, hut she always commands my respect.
The. Russians continued their trade with Califor
nia till the discovery of the gold. Several vessels
arrived every year"at Yerbu Buena, (which,'pcr
1 hups, I must inform your readers, was the only
name applied to the sit'e of your now glorious city
until Maich, 1647.) About B,000 bushels of wheat
were taken yearly to Sitka, and several hundred
bands of beef raited under the supervision of the
I Russian agent. This latter post was filled by CapU
! Leiderdorir, who died about 1848. The first
j steamer ever brought into San Fran isco was
I built at Sitka, and being found to bo too small for
; the wtnifs of that place, was sold to Leidesdorff. She
! uirivetl in the hay in 1847. The Russian engineer
returned to Sitka, and u pretended engineer, just in
j from lie mountains, was placed in charge. He
i took the h' at to San Jo<-e, to Sonoma, and to Sacra
' if.onto, at the end of which time it was found tha,
I he had burnt up a'l the fluea, and the machinery
was flu a made worthless. The hull was n-ml as a
j launch, and nmy be about the biy yet for all that I
know. For several years after the discovery of
geld the Russians ceased their trade at San Francis
| cc, hi t it has again commenced. Ros9.
Wcatrrn WJironrtn.
I Krom the Chicago Democratic Pre as. 1
The observations which we propose to m.djc up o
this portion of our sister State, Will be coniincu to
Grant, Crawford, Cad Axe, and La Crowe counties.
Tbey all lie upon the Mississippi, and except, 'rant
county are above the Wisconsin river. Our hist
impressions of their wmeral features and
were derived from th? ck of a ^am? 0n^he M^
sissinpi, and were anything but favorable, w e nave
recently had a., opportaafcy to travel through them
at the distance of from five to thirty miles irom the
MtaicEippl, and have had occasion to modify oar
: TlaTt'county lies directlr south of the Wisconsin
and is in the great lead district. The prevailing
rock is limestone, from the disintegration of which
the soil is formed. There is. wc should suppose, more
nrairic titan wood land in the couuty; but still there
Fs timber enough in the northern and western por
tions of it for all practical purposes. Tue section
between Shullsburg and l'latteville is a beautiful ele
vated rolling prairie. The soil appears to be yery
good: but much of it has been "early spoiled fsr
agricultural purposes by the miners. Mining seems
to be carried on oy digging holes in the ground at
tomcat Xtancc Yrom each other, and wEenace^
' tain depth is reached they arc abandoned. the
Union rnav be filled up, it is true, but as long as land
Ko Kv and so cheap, this is not likely to be
done, it looks almost like a pity to X.'min?ral'
fine farming land, but we presume the mineral
!?L i Mtrr and to this all other considerations
Lust yield in thiB utilitarian age. PlaUcvllie.
Shullsburg, and Lancaster arc tiouriSfcing towns, all
55'"kS^hject'lo'lnVy at goven.mcnt pri'cc. ^ Much
of it we have no doubt is excellent larmiug land,
and we would prerer to trust ourselves to dig gold
out of tiic liflt soil of that country rather than to run
the hazard of securing "our pile" of shining dust
from tiic sands ol California. v.
Above the Wisconsin river, the aandswne rock
riedominutcs, and we have very htt.e pi a; >??
S of tbc district interested us vc.y much
'ihc uenetal level of the country is frcm four to five
i 1 urdied feet above the Mississippi; but the s, nam
I s<cm to have cut down deep vtvUeys in ai. dirtc
inivr. Tlicse valleys are called ?coolies. A.Ur
leaving l'rairie du Chicn antl ascending to the g?-u
cial leu 1 oi the country, the road follow i.g an n
dian t:ail, passes for many miles on H'c. " '"J.!!?
ridge between the Kickapoo river, which etnp
Into tic Wisconsin a few miles above hs month, and
il e Mississippi. From tins ridge almost lunume/a
tie ??coolie* run outon either side to the Misms
rtpi i mid the Kicapoo. In many of them, and in
lilt all of them near the commencement on the
"divide," tl.cre aic only very small rivulets and it
ifc not till a number of thebaic united together that
s.nv considerable sited stieam is formed.
the strata of the sand rc>< k which forms trie base
of tlie country, lie neatly horizontal, and it becomes
?m ir.teieating problem if the principle that ull geo
C al t lienor ien:. ate to be attributed to canscn
S in Sn is admitted, how these oolies,
tunning in opposite directions from the san.? 1 ^
were tamed. Causes now n operation may have
produced thtae valleys; but they must *'
with far grertcr intensity than at present. The
only explanation that suggested ttaeff to mr tnmd
was, that tar back in the history of ourylar-1, this
some rock w as much !e>s solid than .it pni-s nt .ind
that the location of this region with "^nceto> the
then existing oceans, w as such, aud the atm< sphere
w as 'o constituted in that early period, '?
I rnense floo<ls of rain were poured down upon it,
wearing out the valleys as wc now nee them.
1 he springs and rivulet* that are foond in these
colics ire mo t excellent water. Spvkled trout
are found in them in abundance. The soilis rich,
aud cvin to the top of the ridgea J} .^Vato-k*
! capable of cultivation. For the raising of ?ojk,
and especially sheep, we should suppose it to be one
| of the very finest sections of country with wh'oh
we arc acquainted. On the stage roau to bt. I snl,
IVr eighty miles above l'rairie du Chlen, wc fooad
farm ot cue everv few miles, and in the vicinity of
V&e thecounty scut of Had Axe county, there
is a very considerable settlement. We saw some
half dozen men in a single company in the
west of this village looking for places to locate
They appeared much pleased with the country, and
their only anxiety seemed to he to make the
selection. _ , , , , ,, ,
About ten miles above Prairie du Ct .en theii
are n lurge number of Indian mounds, of almost al
imaginable shapes. They extend some eight mile
nh.ng the top of the ridge, and arc generally oppI
site to the coolies running east and west to ttn
Kicknpoo and the Mississippi. The only irr.press.oi
we could get from their location
is, that tliev were used m some way to defend the
inhabitants living on the one river or the o hcr, but
of what sat vice they were it would tedWrnult to
? maginr. Thev ore from one to five feet above the
m ifm c, and wc noticed large oak trees growing on
' About t wenty-fhree niiles above Praiiic d- Chlen
w< rout d tinniisUkeftWe traces of iron ore, and we
lcaiti that there were probably large deposits of it
in that vicinity. The sjieciineas we saw upon the
uirluce were diffused through a porous rook, and it
r.pr < a led to ?k> allied to lw>g iron ore. We learn also
tiiut theie are deposits o( lend on the Ki ;knpoo ; but
probably tbey do not extend any further north than
I but locality. Copper lias also been discovered
trmewl (re In that region, and the mine was worked
fcr a time ; bi.t the precise location of it we did not
ascertain. . ... . _ ,
On tbc whole, wc do not hesitate to re ??mmend
settlers to examine western Wisconsin when they
I are seeking a place to locate. It ia true the land m
i broken and biflvtbut this 1* no objection to those who
have Ik en reared among the mountainsof the New
i Iingland and Middle States. Indeed, with uwny it
1 would be a decided recommendation. The climate is
thought bv ntonv to be too cold; but we were aa
sored by those who had been in the country five or
| six tears, that it was not so cold as it is in New
! Kngland. The winter generally continues steadily
! cold: but the thermometer does not often faul very
much below zero till the spring opens. This cer
tnii.lv is preferable to that evor changing climate
which we have hi this city. Wc predict that a
vcars will find these counties among the richest in
the State. Success to the enterprising cK aem wtie
have made their homes among the beautiful hills and
vales of western Wisconsin.
MtitT-Ks tv 8AVavvAH.-At aNmttwo octock
Vf biv rda* afternoon. two men, n*m?d J%mm T? n ana
lu!rt?.?riflth, having had t wb^tST
(rtardlrg, art! dsn Ullj nwt 1 ?
thouJbThi Te" oFr'an* o'nsD<l. t party, .track jpd'kowk
(irlffitti do?n, then ("mt*'1 hlmllBdMdhl?
ilow n In th?t poult ion Tu?U propoift of V**** M
' ?|,|ch were to the eff.et that ha wouK
him i d rroVite-l he wout.l reinaia paaeeabU forth,
fatni^ anl wt hlm aatheW aWjoa. Tht? ?| ?nafi,
airrc.l'to when Tuell got off and tnrMd to itoave. H
t,?,l not rroeeedrd many ate pa, however, when flrlMU.
, rnrrlver, and, after the third attempt, sent *
tail rto TnslVabaek, near hlv rlRhl slda, which heong it
tbn down. Vrm b ia* aoon after arrtstod- To?ll <JUd
.,f bin wound tw?W? o'clock on TlWdi| n got,?
hi noh