The New York herald. [volume], July 19, 1859, Page 2, Image 2

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or V > 'tr and Parma were united by private conventions, I
which wuh ailurcgaid of general tn-aliea nave Ul) the !
ten ltd :j of their Slates In tue Aua'ritn armies, anil from I
the run 11 established between Anst'U and the Du ih'ee !
cumpUa .r \ relations that were mourn petiole with thu duties
ui a genuine neutrality.
These c inventions an- known. Toe treaties of Decentb<
2t, 1847, an< of February 4. 18(8. exp-eesly declare
tj- (he males of liis Royal If gbres- tbe liuke of Mod era,
a- nia Royal H'gbnees the Duke ot Parint. enter wuh u
tfi oeln evil lines of the Austrian Ruipenir's Italian pro j
v in cos stjd that const qu- ntljr this latter bat the ri?;hi o!
seiidio" luopg 111(0 (he territories of Moden* and l'ar m.
and pt caus'itp them to occupy the forinsees there wh 1 1
ever h'H u rnrih tnay rrqu re it lty a regulation In 'h
aaiu ireaiitr, whion sei ves to ehow too lorraigbt of fi
Austrian government, the sovereigns of Molena and Pa
ma undertook to cinclude no military nouveuuoc wb.i
ever wuh any oilier Power witho-il ihe previous canseu
of tbe i?|v>riat government of Vienna.
Tie <*. s- euUtiota, so clear and precise, did not permit
tbe Ihich es to preserve neutrality. The Dukes of Parma
and Mooena should have dcuoubcid tbem before tiosthu.ea,
o as to replace their States in the coo Minus required for
claiming and oouaining the immuuitiea of neutrals Now,
nothing of ibe kin l took place; on the contrary, tbe
duch(< 8 were ihrownxip- n to tbo imperial troops wh> were
oolleciing on the Pieiimoutese frontier, and they thus became
one of the enemy's bates 0'o.iera.ioos Hostilities
began, Piedmont was invaded across me frontier of one of (
tboretwo Slates, without any kubm-queo' protest oa the j
part of the prncen, wbo, la fact.as- ist-d ibe attack Pro 1
prii it, as well ma international du'Us, rhuuut at le.itt h.tve !
cnuse<! m me 1 omL.uiucallori to be mu ? to Sardini a, In
order 10 fi?e exp amnions a? to tbe inleuiioua and conduct
ofihnae goveruir. ntu utuer such eat-uurd nary circumsULi
es No communication in thia sense hog 0.-1(1 m i le
tons. Sardinia consequently found hi?rw? f tie ju-r* ,4 iie
Jac> in a ?bite of war wltu Stales tb at bit become lulegnil
parts of Ausiria'a mil'taiv system.
Ibe governments o< Mortens and Parma could not even
tor, aiiicc 1848, *i> have incessantly protemed agamst
stipulations constituting a II igrant yioiauou ol European
treaties, and i? permanent oauger ..g iil?i tbe security of
our front itrs '"hs Aunriau idtos'oq, whian has b"?o effected
by burrowing ton terriioiy o' Piaoenx i, Du only too
ml. piovi-u ike rorrectnt* 8 of our anticipators
T'Me.ke oi Modtra, a* Archduke of Aistrl*, shared
In the antipathy of his lamily to the-'tnoiit; his h-a-'., like
hit cn wi., was til-road; bj ought to til.ow tbe deai.uy of
the Power 10 ?Dirh be baa rendered bis Suite a va-eal.
Her royal Hubness the Ducncea of Parma was not in
the some category; htr birth, the personal qtati'ie* that
honor to r, inspired a most sun ore interest; uer govern
menl should bave followed it woribier line of conduct
more id conformity with us international duties Tue
Cabinet of Parma was unfortunately dragged to tbe descent
where it s ipped and fell; It did not ueairo to quit
tbe position it bad voluntary av-p'ed relatively to
Austria. It was od tho territory of Parma tbat tbe lava
sion ot Piedmont was prepared; it wan from thero taat
the imperial troop.'set out to inva :e out provinces Pi*
cer.:'a bad become tbe borne of Count Gyulai'J offensive
op- rations.
Ii Has bten said that s European treaty had conferred
or Austria tbe right r.f keeping a gtu-.-isoa iu that towu.
Vi'c do not disiu.etbe tail; out this military servitude
bad only a defensive object, as is stated expre-sly in
the treaty to wlnah a'.iosioc is made. and tbe signing
Powers took care to d-clare thai ail tbe legal
rights of the territorial sovereign were reserved.
Now it was by a special and voluotary convention
between Austria and Pa-ma that tbe latter abdicated
the rights most essential to sovereignty, by allowing
the former entire freedom to extend her torlifled works in
Piacennt and to construct new oms, by prom siog lull aid
and assistance to tbe Austrian engineers, ttragmug tu
them workmen ?nd mpp'yurg them with the uec (wary
malcria's ;1tb nil ot tb" troaiv o? Ma-ch 14, 1822.) Lastly,
it was by & private treaty frte y stipulated that toe
Sovereigns of ''arena gave Austria tbe nghi of entering
tbe territory ol' tbclr Males whenever tbe tbougnt prober.
Sardin-a pro.esteo us t: cat the extension of tbe lortitio*
tions at PtBcerzi, wbirh changed tbe nature and object of
the occupation; she protested against the treaty of February,
1848.
Has the government of Parma drclared that it was subjected
to the law of the ft-roug-i? Has it at all ev.uts
shown pome regrret at what was passu g before its eyes?
r.v?ryuiicg ?b arra gco at narenzi w 111" iava?'oa of
tbe King's dominions; the ultimatum of Vi nn a arrived
at Tur n, the uorpa of tbe Austrian army were set iu motion:
they tb'.ereJ Pie-!moot Voghera, Tortana, were
occupied; Alussoudrta was threateated; our communications
with Genoa were compromised: an J the
Cabinet of Parma remained silent; it cared nothing
about the fate of a neighboring State
with which It had been on friendly terms. It
was only when tbe enemy's plans miscarried, and wbco,
tbe allied armies of Piedmont and Franse having tazeu
the ctlensive in tbeir turn, tbe Austrian* were on the eve
of evacuating tbe Uuchi?6 ot Parma and Piacenxa.lt was
only th?n that they talked of neutrality anil the wish to
take mi itary measures in concert with Sardinia respecting
the di Uriels of Parma and Piacenza. It waa too late The
Cab.net of Parma lor tbe real had no right to make pro-'Osals
of this nature. By tne 4th article of the troaty of 1848,
it was fortraly contracted to conclude no military arrangemetta
whatever without Austria's consent.
These tacl6 end lb-se reasons, which It is necessary to
cause to be thoroughly known and understood, explain
the conduct of the king's gove-nment. Whatever Interest
might be felt for the person ol the Duchess of 1'arm t, it
could mske no dn-t,action ru-twecn hw and Woden*.
Tbe neutra.ity of those duchies was impossible dejure etjfU
facto; they could but ebare the fate or tbe power to which
they bad spontaneously confided their destinies.
Bis Majesty 's lega ion wihconform Its language to the
preceding considerations.
I embrace this opportunity of renewing ?o you the assurances
olmv most oiatinirutshed consideration.
REVOLUTIONARY MANIFESTO CIRCULATING
IN NAPLES.
TEL INHABITANTS OF tub KlNObOM TO KING FRANCIS
XI.
Sirs?
At tbis soUmo moment, when tbe heart* or twenty one
mililoDK of people beat with hope anil Joy eo recently
awakened th. nugbout the common country, it is to yon,
young monarch, tbat the worJi of Neapolitans are direct
ed. Tbe tbrom e of the Peninsula are ceasing to be anything
more than a memory. Some bare fallen, never
aga n to be raised up. ^ our* tremb'ee booeitn your teet.
It bus, however, a support?not in the aonorred Jmsar of
tbe North, but in our deeires, stronger ib .d tbo tsac is of
Croats. Tbe res'oration of the cinstitution, sworn to at
Ute foot of the altar of the Avenging I)etty by your deceased
father?this Is the only plank remaining in so tempestuous
a sea of glorious Iratornai blood Will vou seal
your ears to the thunders of the voues of your peip e?
Woe to kings who sleep on their cunnonl An idea, wtiea
it is general, wbeo it is rovnregn, laughs at grape shot,
and sccrts tbe bayonets of despotism, wbich turn against
those who wield them. Thus let us relate tbe history of
your house. Tbe knife of the country struik Henry IV.,
Louis XVI., the Due de Herri. Philip of Urleans, the Duke
of Parma, and your fatter. Is the seed of Kavailac aod
of Milano destroyed 1 Far be from you tbese evil omens;
but bow often do these become history ? Tbe constitution
restored: a ministry not o( every color, immoral, oppressive;
a police vigilant but not arbitrary, lyranicai, despotic;
a national army. generous, patriotic such are the
infallible meats ot establishing your dynasty You are
Italian; in your veins runs the noble blood of Ssvoy, aid
while tbe beams of the most lovely sun in tbe world
shine upon your bead. Now is the acceptible time.
Happy you U you will seize it to your advantage; unhappy
you, if hesitating you forget wuo you are. Rem?mber
that your lather lived eleven years of exile, of palpitation
and of fear; tbat his dwelling was a rock, bis miserable
palladium sn evil counscde i policy. Wbat was tbe end
of it f You know. You will not have forgotten tbe HA
of May. France is In Italy; her arms are at tbe gates of
tbe kingdom Tne execration of men and the ma'edict'on
of God bang over the beads of the ImpeDileDt. Tbe martyrdom
ef tbe innoceDtg (or two lustres?hope deluded?
genius oapressed?justice sold?tbe despurmg c-ms of
this, tbe most npbie part of tbe and of beauty, And an
echo in the inaguwiaous heart of the conqueror of Sebastoj
o' and of Magenta. And the sue recollection that we
are Italians will avenge the outrages of our country, and
wash its wounds in the blood of its traitors.
Consider I decide I
THE PAPAL STATES.
ADDM583 OF PIUS TDK NINTH TO THB CARDINALS?
THE KBVOLUriONISTS EXCOMMUNICATED.
The following is the most important passage in tbe address
delivered by the l'ope on the kotb oi June to the
Secret Connsiory:?
It is because af'.er having, by means of protest at: ma,
sent through our Cardinal 01 Stale to ah tbe Ambassadors
ana Ministers of neighboring Powers, expressed our disapproval
and deUrtapon of the late culpable altempta at
rebellion, that now, venerable brothers, ramiogour voico
In Urn connsiory , we protest with the wnole torce of our
soul agaiDStall that tbe rebels bave dared to do in various
places, and by virtue of our supreme authority we dls
approve, reject and abolish each and all of the
acta committed by Bologna, Ravenna, Perugia,
and other places, against our legitimate and saired
autboniy, and againat the priucipal of the Holy
See. By whatever name they are called, in whatever way
they are performed. we declare theie acti to tr vain, illegitimate
and lactil-guius Mors than this, for the bencut of
all we recal to memory tbe excommuh'catious and
the other ecclesiastical pains and penalties lofllsted at
various times by the sacied canons and thn decrees of
council, especially by that ot Trent, against all those who
bave dared m any way to rebel sgainst tbe temporal
power ol tbe Roman Pontiff; and we (urthor declare tbat
those who in Bologna. Ravenna, Perugia, or auv other
City, have dared to volute or tri able the paternal jurisdiction
<f St. Bexar by de-d <rr conspiracy, or In any other
t mm) , iwvo mucm-j) wicm.uuuijt i?ucu uuuer incur acuou.
BEPORT OF THE PONTIFICfAT, GENERAL IN PERUGIA.
rbeloilowng is General .Schinid'a report on tbe reluctlon
of Perugia :?As I bare already bad the honor to
report by telegraph tbe reduction ot tbe city of Perugia
tj tbe legitimate government of the Holy Sec, I now pro
cee-; to ofier a detailed anoouot of tbe affiir
tin IbeUOth of the present month, at two A- M , 1 left
Tui gnu with my regiment, accompanied by a section of
inthgetioMi artillery, a pi~<juet of about sixty gendarmes
and thirty of the Kinancial Guard (Custom Hon as), and
proceeded newly and with all caution to tbe bridge or St.
Gicvanni. which a tew hours before bad been abandoned
by the inrnrgt-nta I continued mv route onwards, am;,
passing the Tiber, approached the Gorgo, which ap.reared
deserttd and nn.nhabued , but scarcely bad tbe mounted
gendarmes, who lormert xhe advanced guard, entered it
when a shot wa* tired from one of tbe closed houses.
Without troiihlirg myself w.u, tola snburb, I proceeded
about ball a mile on tbe mam ro*d, when 1 met toe Cavalier
lAltacz1, tbe Councillor of State, who was sent forward
by the superior goroin-nent to Ve-ug a to demand
tbe pacific re establishment of order and submission to I
the legitimate Ko-'ere'gn Be informed rue that all his en- I
deuvors to reduce tbe factioa" to tbeir auty ltd linen in
vain, and that they were oostinaveiv determ ned to de
fend the city ngaiust every attack
Conscious of the hostile intentions of tbe Insurgents
and aware btsiots that reinforcements were expected
Irom Tussany, 1 decided on delaying the assau t no longer
notwithstanding the fa' gue of the troops in coanrjuence
of the r 'oog march. 1 accordingly directed the m-n to
deposit their unspsarlrs, and, lormiog ihem in three col.
umni, advanced towards Ibe city ;n the miiat of entbutiMttc
gbouts of military ardor.
The first column, under the command ot Mijor Tcanoorat,
followed by the artillery, toon tbo new road; tbe |
Second, commanded by Major Ilupaquicr. advanced by i
the old rosdj arei the third, coirpoted of two companies
?/voMgeors, occupied the space between the tret two,
too paetirg over Mime he.da and gardens, fell fat with
teify of touilkurs In am?u?h, and opening a tire upon
them soon drove ihem heoiol their entrenchments. \t
Uiiec in the Ktvru'ou. in rpiie ot the Droit en stale of the
loads, ibe Ibiee column-'arrived in foot of Si. Peter's,
the po ut agreed upohi mid maintained their position In
fat" ot ii vigorous Are troni toe besieged behind their
walls ?nd bairintde*. I endeavored with a low cannon
sl,.jt to i)i?p? rn-ihe rebels, but w.ihint aocctan, an t Bee
n g the itrpatirnre of the troops, which 1 hal already hid [
considerable mill oiy iu re straining I ordered the attaca. |
Ii 'b impossible lor me to dSMftM the courage and the
ar 'or with which m> brave and valorous troops, calling
ou ibe i uno of the Sovereign Pontiff, rushed to the lofty .
irat e of the city, aid to ti.e barricades which Impaled
tlirir hpproacli to the ,.aie. and as there were bul few
ladders, and iho toils of the eappera and miners were '
broken ui their A at altemol o use them, there re i
mainrd no olhw ine.i.r of aurmountlog the wal's but by
the soioiera cliuioog on e-urb others' backs. In a law
ruinous, however, the flag of the insurgents was torn
down, and the PooUQcial colors were unfolded in thej
stead. '
The Insurgen a, driven bark, retreated to the gate of
St. Pietro, where tue'r aeooao liaes of defence we-e
raised, occupyirg the bouses in the street. Here a vers
obstinate cotuoat took p.ace uuder a moat destructive flr<;
the troo|ie, enragert at the vigorous resistance they m l
with, could uo longer bo restrained, and having tike i
p- sr. ssion of tee t>a-*ica<;e, successively hecamo mas.ert,
one by one, of the hornet, from the windows and roofs of (
which they bad been ttred upon.
the enmiy ibeu took panic, and Hading further re
sistance impossible. retreated headlong low.trdb tne Interior
or tne city, viiinly endeavoring a last defence In
vanoue pomu Finally, after mire bun re and a half o'
sevei f Utbting, ibo troops gamed possess'oo of tie piazzt
of the tort, in U>? anasl o: a heavy shower of rain, and
th-re, ?ub immense applause, raised the banner of tie
sovereign Every street was searched, but no trace of in
enemy i.maiueo; every one, as if by enchantment, bad
disappeared, auo Perug'a was csrooleiely occupied by the
troops. Toe conduct of the troops, of the officers and
subaltern*, Ibe U"ii commirnioaod ollicori and of the j
privates <i in g- neral aucb as to do credit to the foreign
rig msiitf m tne service of ih? Holy See, and welt merits
tbo ires1 thai is repntee to them.
Nor nug'a 111 be silent oo too equal proofs of courage
given by tbe lint g, nous troops of every arm who took part
in the operation. I Odd worthy 01 notice the act of
tbe gencarru' Paolo Cavalier), who, although under arrest,
begged to be allowed to lake part in tbe llgbt. and was
un'oiInnately s'rurk by a ball, wbicb broke bis leg and
placed Ma life in danger Tbe gendarme Pao'nlUl was also
wounded by a ball. I reserve to mys.il to give a ee israte
report of the ec'dieiswho distinguished tuetnseives the
most.
Our loss is sensible?10 killed, including Captain Ab
I'berg, 36 wounded, including Captain tt'itcbgy and
Lieut' nam Cruffer But tne enemy's loss was much moro
considerable; and altbough not precisely ku>wu, cannot
be less liian 6n killed and ICO wounded, besides 130 prisoners.
Tne mm1 u gbt tbe troupe were shut in tbeir
appointed ba-uits, and order and discipline restored
calm every wbe e. Tbe number of rebel combatants
is reckoned at live thousand. They were commanded
by a certain Coionci Au'.ouio Cerotai, come expressly
from Tuscany; oy Count Cesari and Uuisepgi IUn
Zitla, of Perugia Some of tbesn are sod to be
woundcc. The gieutcr part taking Might larougu the
various cily gates, SSOapSd hastily to tbe nusi
territory, but many nr- still bidden, and are fa ling every
i'hv into ibe "ower of the military government iusl wted
bv me Now '.raB'iutllily aid order are re established
among tbe people, and tbe environs, such as Citta de Ctsteilo,
Is Krai e, &c , have mace 'heir voluntary submission
to tbe governmeni of the Holy See. A column ol about
fifty Tuscan voumtears, who had arrived at Passignano,
returned to tbeir own country when they board or the re
suit. Tbe disarming goes on, and a cons durable quantity
of arms and ammunition m c elected. Having tons given
on account cf my mission, I bave only to add that my sole
desire and that of my troops is to prove our devotion and
ddehtv to tbe august sovereign and government whom we
have ihe t.ouor to serve.
The Colonel commanding the regiment.
A. SCHMID.
11KVULL'THIN IN BJLOONA.
At Bologna the provisional governmeut hu published a
proclamation recalling all the young meu woo bare enlisted
under the llsg of Italian independence for the do ence
of tbeir own families. Tbe Biebop of Cortona, in wbose
diocees ttie towns ptople of I'erugia hare taken refuge, baa
issued a pastoral letter strongly reprobating tbe adrance
of ibe Swiss troops.
Tbe ofllclal Pieilmontese Gazette announces tbat tbe Chevalier
(f'Azegho baa been apiwinted General and Commissioner
Extraordinary, purely military, for tbe Roman
states
Toe Paris correspondent of the London News says tbat
the Roman ollkers in the i'ledmonteee army are organizing
a corps to delend tbe ciliea of tbe Roman States
wbich aie threatened by tbe mercenaries in the pay of tbe
Pope.
THE OUTRAGE ON AMERICANB AT PERUGIA?ILLNESS
OF MRS. DOANK.
[Correspondence of tne Newark Advertiser ]
Florence, Tcw-ant, June 25, 1859
An American family in which man; 01 your readers are
interested?Mr. un i Mrs Edward Perkins, of Boston, with
bis mother, Mrs ivwne, of New Jersey, and sister and I
niece, Mrs and Miss Cleveland?narrowly escaped tbo
dreadful carnage at Perug a on tnc 20th instant, but wero
euhpcud to serious alarm and suffering Having parsed
tbe witter at Rome, Ibey bad Ukca summer apartments
at one of tbe hotels id the historic old moucaln city,
when the pteple, after the example cf Bologua and other
towns in tbe Roman States, tnrow off their allegiance and
pronoutcca lor Sardinia and the war. Instant measures
usual protection from Turin, and in the midst of the genera!
rejoicing* over a favorable telegraphic promise, it was
announced teat a detachment or some two thousand
Pspal troops was approaching by forced marches to reduce
them
Alter# desperate struggle outside the walls the insurgents
were routed of course, and the disciplined merceI
ares etitcnd the city with the aid o! the I'm; of priests
and monks domiciliated at Perugia, but cnaouutered con
tinned opposition in the streets, includinr missiles from
the widows and roofs. In the midttof 'he universal
confirmation the proprietors of the hotels assured their
guests of the safety of these asylums, but the infuriated
troops api-eared to have repudiated all law, and rushed
at will into all bouses, committing shocking murders and
0 her barbarities upon the defenceless inmates?men,
women and children.
Tbe ladies of Mr. Perkins' family sought refuge in a
tmali closet in one of their apartments, whilst he kept
watch and ward. But all human effort* to protect the
hotel proved unavailing. A suuad of the raging rutiians
rushed through tbe apartments, crying veDgetnce, and in
their course committed three or four murders with tho
bayonet, including a mother with a child in her arms,
and 1 believe one of tbe proprietors, the retreat of our
friends, in spite of every possible precaution, was disco
vered; but Mr Perkins' address succeeded, with the aid of
gold, in conciliating one of the rullians, a subordinate officer,
who appeared to be a Swiss, speaking French 11 aently,
and he warded off the violence of bis comrades,
assuring them that the party were Americans and must
he respected, and so the bouse was relieved, rhis was
about five o'clock in the afternoon.
Soon alter bix o'clock tho hotel was ro entered by ano
ther squad, evidently drunk with wine, from whose conversation
it appeared that the troops had been dismissed
for two hours, with leave to sack the city. The
true' if our friends were violently broken open, in common
with everything else in the beuse, and they were
ruthlessly robbed o( clothing, jewelry, and whatever else
the ruffloits deemed of any value?tbe penalty of protest
or res stance being instaot death. Mr. Perkins, of course,
mode instant arrangements to get out of the place at the
first practicable moment, and reached this city the day
before yesterday with tbe family and servants and what
little baggage remained to them. The ladies bore the
dreadful trial with remarkable fortitude, though Mrs.
1 wane, who had been so recently shocked by intelligence
of tbe Bishop's death, is cot yet, I regret to hear, sufficiently
recovered to see ocr friends. Tneir condition
duriDg these b'oody scenes may be more easily imagined
than described.
Mr. Perkins bas formally presented the case to the
American Minister nt Rome?Mr. Stockton, of New
Jirsry?who has, I am told, made a demand on tho Papal
government of two thousand do.iars for tbe actual
damages sustained. The brutality of the troops, espe
cially towards unoffending strangers, whose persons and
property soould bave been sacred, admits of no apology, i
and we may reasonably presume that the government !
will at least promptly remunerate them for the losses 1
tbey have sustained. A great part of the population !
abandoned the city, and some eight or nine hundred of
them?men, women and children?have found refuge in '
this city.
THE POSITION OP ENGLAND.
Important Notion and Debate In the House
of fiordi.
In the Knglish House of Lords, on the 5th of July, the
proceedings were very important. They were conducted
in the following order after tbe Huuse met:?
TIIR AFFAIRS OK ITALY.
T nrii ,Ct? ATVfiWn It* Rssi.rr ul-v ctm . rx rw.t ioA tk.t tL. s.l
lowing would be tbe terms of the motion which bo should
submit to tbe House on Friday evening ?
hil a bumble address be presented to her Msieetv expressing
the uKnke o' ibis house to be Majesty for b-r Majesty'--gracfoua
communication of tbe deeply Important oorreaP'ltocore
oa Italian ?ir?lra presented recently to both nouses
of i'arllentent by bet M?|e?ty s command, and gratetuUy acknowledging
tbe unquertlor.ajle evidence which ib?t correspondence
aflords ot ber Majesty's earnest and impartial endeavors
to avert tbe caiamtues of war. That ber Majesty may
be assured ot tbe .oyal confidence wl'b wblcb mis House relies
on her Majesty determination to maintain inviolate tbe 1
neutrality as therein declaredof lierMaJesty dominions That, 1
tnaily. It be represented to hrr Majesty, aa the opinion ot tnis I
house hat whip e?erv suitable and vigorous elfort may be i
riisae under her Majesty's authority tor the completion of our i
deterceaot. sea and land, tbe operations ot tne beilig'-reot
Powers should be rarelully observed, with a view In particular
to surb eventual tifl-ra ot me ttation .on her Majesty s part as
may contribute with due elfevt to the eany conclusion ol peace
on juvt and comprehensive terms
The noble lord said that as ho bad extended the original
idea of bis motion, be stiou.d not object to tlefe-r it until a
day later (ban that for wbicb It wsb at preseot QxoJ.
Tbe Karl ot Dbhiiy said that on tbe part of bis friends
and himself there wua no desire to postpone tbe discussion
upon lb is important subject.
TI1K NATIONAL DBPENCE8 OP OPEAT BRITAIN.
Lord LysiiHIKmt, who baa given notice of hs intention
to draw their lordrbipa' attention to tbe military and
naval defences of tbe country, then rose and said
My lords, It was suggested to mc thai alter the discus
B'on wbich tooa place the other Digbt on ihe question of
my noble nnd learned friend, and es]>ecially after tbe
statement ot my noble friend opposite and the B|ie?cbo? of
my nobto friends tbe two noble ear.s on these bean ios, I
should withdraw tbe notice wh ch I had laid on your
lorcsfcips' table. At lirst i was inclined to do so. but tne
subject is one of such great Importance that it ought to be
repeatedly discussed, in order to satisfy tbe people of
tnis country of tbe necessity of suomitliug to those
charge* and those expenses wbicb our present situation
requires, i was the more disposed to procaed wEh this
qui f don because there Is a party In this country of whom
I .vi?h to speak w.th tbe greatest respect, a party liltely
very soon to increase in power and lulluence, woo are not
disposed to believe that we ought to expend our
resources at present m any extension of our military nnd
nava! power, ana that so far from dyiug so we ought to
NEW roRK HERALD, T
abstain from mij exteMton of Uwl power, beoause by
(long mi we (ball involve ourselves in hesullUes. New,
11.> iui ns, 1 beg leave in tbe first place to nay tbat any observation
which I sball make will be made not with the
view m aggression, butof neteooe. (Hear,hear.) I shall
sty no'bing whatever in any party spirit, for party oau
have uoU.ii/K whatever to do with this question.
(Cheers.) 1 shall asfiwtr as simply us I can to point out
thoer circumhiiinces and those topics which 1 taink are
in.i oiisnl lor the constderauon of your lordships, leaving
i> to others who are more acquainted with military and
i uval details than I can prekud to be to fill up and aupply
the utii els In the atutcment which I shall make to
yiur lornliipi. Tho first circumstance tbat strllcesone
to c< nsiuering this suojeol is the great diilerence between
our present and lormer position. (Hear, hear.) That
is a distinction winch ought never to be lost sight
of. We heve hitherto ielt the greatest confidence
in our situation and In our domestic safety. We
owe tbat couflceuce to our naval superiority?to the superb
r number of our vessels end the skill end gallantry of
our seamen. Wo have been accustomed always to look to
what we call our wooden weUs as our boat defense, and
experience justifies us in that opinion. We have sometin
es. indeed, tecoived checks end affronts. The Dutch
at one time sailed up the Thames, burnt our ships in the
lieu way sod in tbe river. At e much later period the
combined abipe of France and Spain chased our fleets into
the wakis ol Plymouth under the heights of Mount KJgeenmbe.
But those clouds soon passed away. They were
amply avenged,and we ahone out with moro distinguished
lustre than betore. My lords, there was another source
ol our confidence and safety, nod not an immaterial one?
namely, the difficulty of transportiog any body of
troopa from tbe opposite coasts to our own shores.
It was Impofsible to ooHect any number of troops
un an opiaitite coast without being observed by us,
and wuhnut giving us ncdioe and allowing us time to
piepate curatives aganst them. Besides, an t-xpedi
lion 01 luai mnu wua uecereaiuy uauie to many casualtie*.
Any joint operation, therefore, from ditferent point*
was impossible, or nearly to. a Jam thousand troop*
might, per bap#, occasionally bo landed on our coasts, sut'
Ucient, inner d, to give trouble, but not sufficient to exotle
any tear ot (larger. Tne griatert force that ever was
lanced bere su that of the Pre < of Orange; amounting,
I toink, to about 14,bOO or lti.OOO men. But tbat foroo
Was Invited to thai country by urine ot tbo mostemiuent
men in Kng'anri. U was reenveo who enthusiasm by tn*
people It led to no catastrot.be, and Jainea II. retired,
tbe victim of bis own bigo'rv, lolly and tyranny. But
tLul expedition was very nearly defeated by an aooirieal.
It tailed down lb* Channel with a fair wind. When it
arrived opposite Tor bay a dense fog arose. It
passed therefore tbe place wbere it was intended to oisembaik.
It wat followed by tbe Knglinb Uriel It waa therefore
in tbe greatest peril; but on a sudden tbe fog disIleased
The wind veered round, drove tbe Dutcb lleet Into
Tor buy, and checked tbe progreaa of the English Ueet.
Tne i nglian Ueet shortly alter wards waa dispersed in a
Sturm I meoton tbi-s to snow Ibo accidents to which,
under our old system enterprises of this kind were sub
joct. Ibis was our past situation?a situation of pertect
security. What is a now? A great change has occurred.
That lAonge arisei from the. a; plication of it-am ;<i torr to
commercial tiai tgtuwii ami to naval ivariant. Wiuudow
know cf the. >fftU of that pu ttier upon nawiI warfare? We
have bad no xgersnce ot it. No person can venture to
predict what will be us tiled. 1 have con lulled mauy of
fleers, bolb of tbe at ruy and of the navy, upon the subject,
and I bave never been able to persuade tny toll tbat any one
can w itb any degree ef confluence say whit will be tbe result
ot lb :s great ctaige. I bave read u tbe admirable work ot
Sir Howard Douglas thai military officers in France, believe
that thu. change hai a gr-ai effect vp>n our naval power,
and will ictlocc it to c.mparatxve unimportance. There is
one advantage which we bilberlo bave had in naval combat
over our adversaries under the old system?tbe skill
and experience of our st amen, and tbeir knowledge ot
everytbicg connected with tbe management of a vessel.
(Hear.) Unfortunately, tbougb wo bave not entirely lost
tbat advantage, it bas greatly lessened under tbe new system.
There is achangi in the armaments, in the materia.s,
in the conslruiUon, and in the toriu of war vessels.
A great facility of boarding arise* out of the new
sysiem, and numbers, tneretore, would bave a great
advsutage. Above all, tbe new system of manu uvring
which must follow this new sysiem is such tbat it
is ooubliul what would be the issue of a naval contest.
(Hear, near ) I have Biated these poinls for your
consideration, btcause you will be satlsUod when you
have considered them tbat we cannot, as heretofore,
rely with pertect confidence upon our naval defences.
(Hear, bear.) Still, however, and perhaps morn so in
consequence of wbat 1 bave stated. It becomes necessary
tbat we should carry cur naval machinery and every tn ng
measured t>y inai ol any two poeaicio adversaries.
(I'Leers ) It la cot very cosy to fay beforehand what
that power should be, but we must watch events and
extend our naval power according to the necessity
of the cue, and whatever necessity requires,
whatever the expense, we must submit to incur
that expense. (Cheers.) The Channel fleet is only one
part ol the force necessary. We must have a fleet sulllcitnt
to command the Mediterranean. If\wt have not a
fleet sufficient to a mmand the Mediterranean, every ens of
our thorn/holds vill inevitably fall into the piasestuni of
France. Hit only.mould thai It the case, but the desire ai.d
the viih of the first Emperor to convert the Mediterranean
into a French Laic ttttMa at once be,real\ztd. (Hear, hear )
Do your lordebips suppose that that ideals abandoned?
Far from it. Irtcollect very well that when the present
Emperor?of whom I wish to speak in terms of respect?
made bis touthtrn tour, and when he, arrived at Bordeaux,
declar ed that "the empire is peace"?I recollect
in that progress, when at Marseilles and about to
proceed Irom Marseilles to Toulon in,a fleet of war ships,
reference was made to this desire of Bonaparte. Was it
repudiated I It was adojited by the present Emperor amid
the enthusiastic cheers of the audience assembled on that occasion.
(Hear, hear) But allow me to say, with respect to
a fleet necessary for commanding the Mediterranean, If
France has the command of the Mediterranean, what is
the Inevitable conscquenx? tihe will be able to
leave and return 10 the Mediterranean at ber pleasure.
She will be able to take our Channel fleet In flack at any
moment. She will be abio to unite her Mediterranean
are Channel Heels. ghe will be able to cross too ocean,
end one by one to take possession of our colonies, nod
she will be able to iwoep the ocean of our ships and destroy
our whole property. (Hear, hear.) It is necessary,
tben, cot only to nave such a Channel licet as I bare
staled, but such a beet as will enable us completely to
comtnoLd the Mediterranean. (Cheers.) Something fur
ther is still necessary. We must have a lleet for the
West India 1 Mauds. I admit, not a strong lleet, nor do I
pretend to say where 'hat lleet should be stationed. I
must leave that to military and naval persons to determine.
There it another po.nt with respect to the Modi
ttrranean. Inlets we have the command of the Mediterranean?if
we are driven oat of the Mediterranean,
what is our situation with respect to India? We cannot
nmmunicate with India, excej.t round the Cape of Corel
Il<1* . while. France, tall be able to communicate, by a direct
end 'Oi]i course by means, of Egypt and the Hed Sea. What
would be the result of that state of things I leave your
lordships to imtRine. (Hear, hear) I havo thus shortly
directed attention to what I conceive to be necessary in
relertnce to a Channel lleet, a lleet in the Mediterranean,
and a force for the protection of our colonies. There are
one or two points morn to which I beg leave to rsfer. I find
by reading the report of the commissioners for manning
the navy ihty recommended a reserve of Beamen. That
reserve, I consider, should ho made Immediately without
the least possible delay. (Hear, hear ) It should be so
considerable and to well trained as at any moment when
necessary to furnish able gunners to ships in commit
elon. (Bear, hear.) There Is another point, my
lores, to which I beg leave also to rsfcr. It relaUa
to a matter ol great importance?the efll -leocy
of our arsmals. Ills of the utmost consilience that
rbey should be as effective as possible, and thai the
docks and slips should he of such dimensions as to be
adapted to the present size of our vessels In thst re
spirt tbey arc, as yet, greatly defective. There ought to
be, also, such a system of machinery as to enable us, at
a moment's notice, and with tbo greatest rapidity, to lit
out armaments for our ships cf war. (Hear) Taeso,
my lords, are the observations which I have to slier on
this occasion wlih regard ti the naval part of tbo case. I
trust that what I have stated in that respect will meet
wilb your lordships' concurrence. (Cheers.) Of this I
am persuaded, that tne more you examine the different
parts of the subject and investigate the wboe the more
strongly will you be Impressed with the nooeasitv or In
currmg whatever expenditure may be requisite for the
purpose of accomplishing tho objects to which I have
called your attention. (fioar, hear.)
tTESDAY, JTJLY 19, 1859.
But, mj Lords, Oat to which 1 have beta 1
alluding constitutes only one portion of this
Important subject. Hitherto, u I hove already ot>servcd,
you were, notwithstanding the abeenoe of your
fltvi, comparatively la a state of domestic safety for the
rrttons which I have mentioned. But what Is your position
now f In what slate would you be If your Channel
licet were dispersed or absent, or from any cause removed
for u sbort time from Its proper station? Tne
noble lord the leader ol' the other House of Parliament has
told you in very emphatic words that steam has converted
the Channel into a river and thrown a bridge across it.
Tbeee are truly emphatlo words, but they hqpdly exceed
the reality. They are scaroely exaggerated. Mark, my
lords, the state of things which has been more than once
dels led. We know from recent experience that the materials
of war may without exciting any observation be
placed on board ship on the opposite side of the Channel.
We krfw that in a few hours s large army may, by means
of the railway, and without any notice whatsoever, be
brought down to tne coast to different points of embarkation.
The i utility of embarkation is quite extraordinary in coasequenoe
or the new provisions made tor that purpose by
France. We know that iuch a force as that to uihich I refer
may within a /no hour>?in the course of a single night?
be landed on any pirt of <w shores. (Hear, hear.) With
so much eertidntv. Indeed, can the movements of such s
body bo regulated that from dlHerent quarters Itl component
parts might arrive at the point of disembarkation
without any difference In point of time. (Hear, bear.)
That Is the state cf things, my lords, with which we
have to deal. You will very naturally ask what probable
force could be brought together In the manner I have
described. It la not my provinoe to give an optoion
open such a question. Military and naval men are the
proper persons to term a Judgment with respect to It
1 may, btwever, be permitted to state one or two
i irrumstunces which wbich may serve to guide yon in
irrlvin; at a just conclusion on the point. I know
that in 1849 when France sent troops to Utvita
V? rb'a, one frigate carried a distance of 3U0 miles
IMa o a< tdters with all the munitions of war. lam
further aware that a much larger force than that can
be iiriwirken for a aboit period of time on board a frigate,
and afoice still greater on board a ship of the Une. I Snow
from imrrmutlon which I have received,and the aoouracv
of which f do not t ouht, that the P ench are a( the present
" ""'"s ,/
o!.*).? tack if which u bn'ny const-ucted to carry 2,6i>0men
with all the iwwu'j stores. (Hear, hear ) i'his, there
fort, m the description of lorre which you must prep-ire
yourselves to meet. I do not mean for a moment to say
'.bet there l? no risk in such an adventure aa that against
which I would cell upon you to be on your guard. No
g>eat military enterprise can ever be undertaken without
ton.e risk; but I believe from all I have read and heard,
and Mom all the consideration which I have been abie to
g've to the subject, ih.nl the risk in the case to which I am
<tavrrtirg it much lent than it has been in many instances in
which the re.vll hat b-rn attended with success. (Hear,
hear ) tVbui then my ,'ords, does it become our duty to
cot What precautious does it behoove us to lake? What
force ought we to maintain to order to be prepared for
any emergency which may arise? My answer is a force
of regular troops?uut volunteers? not undisciplined men:
nut, I repeat, a force ot reguiic troupt, capabie of
oppispg any military force which in all probability
can be landed on our shores. (Hear, hear.) 1. is ab
tolu'idy imperative upon us to maintain such a force
It is a doty which we owe to ourselves It is a duty which
we owe lo Ihe character ot our c.iuntry (Cheers.) But,
my lords, independently ot all Ib's we must provide for
our garrisons, and also for that which Is of greuter importance
t'.id?our arsens's (Hear, bear.) ibey are?I regret
to say it?st pruent in a very noi>e>fect stale or defence.
Much exertion, much expenditure, aod much engineering
talent will be necessary for the purpose of pl*>
icg them in such a position as to prevent their being t.izefl
open as the result of a sudden attack. It I am asked
what is the force which the safely of the country demands
that we should keep up. my answer is, that after coosultatlon
with many persons competent to form an opinion on
ibe point, I put down that force at at least ICO,COO regular
truopa, ana when 1 say regular troops, I include the cmbodied
and trained militia, while I think there should be
an equal force of disembodied and trained militia. (Clear,
hear.) livery obstt vaHon, my fords, which I have made on
this subj'Ct afflict a* well to Inland as to this country.
(Hear, bear ) Perhaps the precautions which 1 have indicated
may be. even more necessary in the case of the
former than the latter. Inland may possibly be looked
upen cn the other ride of the Channel as ene of the
oppressed natunalitics (a laugh); as a country
trampled upon by a nation arfferingfrom her tn cuff orris, in
lamjuaue and rtUgvm. We cannot tell what misrepresentations
rosy bo made. We must, at all events, my lords,
provide equally for the safety of Ireland as for our own.
Id ibe years 1804 and 1806, the only periods, I believe, in
which we were threatened seriously with invsalon by
I ranee, the force which we maintained waa much greater
than that which I have just mentioned But that was
merely a temporary force; while that which I have Just
indicated as necessary to meet the existing state of thtoga
ought, in my opinion, to form part of the permanent force
of the country, if we wish to live in security, to maintain
our intirests abroad, to uphold the honor of the nation,
we must he willing to make every exertion necessary
for the accomplishment of an object something like that
which I have pointed out. (Hear, bear) I have experlrnrftH
mtr lnrrla inmMhtnir litra a m-rtimont rtf hitmilia.
I'uuuuciru wiiu 11 wi uie uiguesi point 01 eiiiuionny, anu
that we should refuse bo sums Decenary for tDat purpose.
(Cheers ) Let me now, my lords, call attention to what
is the actual state of our uavy. I will begin by referring
to last year. I speak of the spring of last year, and of
steamers, which are the ooiy visecls which it Is material
to consider. (Hear, bear ) Last year we were in this
position: France exceeded us In line of battle abins In a
small proportion, but she exceeded us in an en/rrmm* pro
portion in steam frigate*. At present we surpass be,- in
litie-ol battle ships considerably, but we are Btili greatly
interior in those important ycssc's, steam frigates.
We shall, in the spnng of next year, st/rpars her'
still more in line cf battle ships, but' we shall Ml be
inferior to her in steam frigates. Ibis is a p hit for
tbe consideration of your lordBbips, and for the
con si it ration of tbecountry. (Hear,hear.) Give me leave,
my lords, to mention one circumstance which I think
mist material lor our consideration when we are considering
tbe subject of naval warfare. You will make a
great mistake if you suppose for a moment that the relative
power depends entirely on the numoer or size or
force of the vessel. A more?I will hot say a much more
Important, but a very important power consists in trained
crews of vcasols. (Hear, hear.) The French for several
ytars have bad a system of training of a most perfect
slur?tia tiitg in the conduct of tne vessel, and training
not oniy in the conduct of the vessel, but in gunnery.
J he m'merit a French ship is ojloat that moment they
lave trained men ready to go on beard the vessel.
I an: sorry to say, from all I hear and all I observe, we
ave not such a system as that to which I have referred?
a system of the utmost importance, but which in this
country hitherto has been almost entirely neglocted
Hear, hear.) Now, with respect to force. What is re
uired, first, tn tbe CbaDCei? We require not only a
orce lor warfare equal to France, but we require some
bisg more. We require a powerful reserve. (Hear,
hear) Franco requires no reserve. The reason is
tbls, and I beg your lordships to mark it. If in a com/eat
oj the two fleets the English fleet should be victorious, we have
no/power ef landing with any effect uptn the French coait;
whereat, if we have no reserve and our fleet is destroyed in a
cor.tes'. with the Frtnch fleet, we are entirely at the mercy of
the enemy. We have seen lately what F ranco can ell'ect.
Suppose the English licet defeated and driven from the
Channel, the events which have passed almest under our
eyes within tbe last few weekB show the great peril to
which we should be exposed from the extraordinary facility
with which a military force to an Immense amount
might at once do landed on our tDoreB. Bui il 15 not sufficient
for ug to have a Channel fleet capable or coplog with
the country directly opposite to ug. Our Channel fleet
must certainly and necessarily be or an amount eufllcicnt
to ctp against ony two Powers which may be united against
us. (Hear, bear ) H e lenuw full well that at this moment
the Jiutsians havevtven or eight line steamers fitted for tea.
If b) any accident or by any event, which might easily
occur, we should bo engaged in a dispute with
France and with Russia, we should be in a very
unfortunate situation if we had not a naval foroe sufficient
to combat both those Powers, (llear, hear.) Oar naval
power is essentially defensive. It is absolutely ossentlal
to our security. 1 be naval power of France Is Dot defensive?not
necessarily so. It is aggressive in its character.
(Hear ) lbeu, 1 say, with respectto the amount of the
channel licit, if we wish to be in a state of security, If we
wish to maintain our groat Interests, if we wish to maintain
our honor, 11 is necessary that we should have a power
It' c Id going through these de'alls. I recollect the day when
every part of the ojepcsit- emit wot blockaded by an Kwjlith
Jleet. ' (Hoar, bear.) I remember the victory of Camperdown
and that of St- Vincent, won by Sir J. Jervit. I do
net forget the great victory of the Kile, nor, last of all. that
triumphant fight at Trafalgar, which almost annihilated
the navies of Trance and Spain. I contrast tho position
wbicb wo occupied at tbat period with that whicb we uow
bold. J recollect the expulsion of the frer.ch from
Fgypt; (ho achievement of rictrny after rictmy in Spain; the
Driti-h army established in the South of Trance, and then that
great habile by which that war was terminated I cannot
glance bock over that series of events without feeling some degree
cf humiliation when 1 am caltH upmto state in (his
He use the. measures which 1 deem it to be necessary to take in
in order to provide for the safety of the country. But 1 may
be asked, "Why (lo you think such measures requisite?
Are we not In alliance with Franco? Arc we not on lorms
of frienesbip with Russia? What oiher Power can molest
us?" to these qucst'ons, my lords, my answer shall be
a short and ? simple one. J will not emsrnt to live in dependence
on the friend, hip or the fo, I, aianct of any country.
(loud cheers ) J rely solely on my mm vigor, my own exertion,
and my own intelligence. (Cheers.) Does
any noble lord In this House dissent from the
principle which I have laid down? (A pause.) I rejoice,
my lords, to And that sueh is net the case But while
this is a matter for congratulation, I regret to be obligel
to say that we do not stand well upon the continent of
Europe. I do not think late events have improved our
position Id that respect. But I go further, my lords, and
express my belief, as the result of my own careful observation,
that If any plausible ground of difference should
arise between this country and France, and tbat difference
should lead to hostilities, the declaration of war with
England cn the part of the government of that country would
be hailed with the utmoit enthusiasm, not only by die army
of France, but by the great mass of the French people. \
(Hear, bear.) If I am asked, "Will you not rely upon
the insurances and the courtesy of iho Emperor NapoUon?"
1 reply that I have great respect for tbat high person,
and tbat I will not enter Into any explanation on this
snhject, hut will leave every noble lord to draw hts cwn
conclusions and to form his own opinions. Tnis, however,
I will say?and I can say it without impropriety?if
1 am asked whether I cannot place reliance in the Emperor
Nopalem, I reply with confidence that I cannot
ptacr. reliance in him because he is in a situatim in which
he cannot place reliance on himself. (Hear bear' and
u laugh.) He is ina situation in which he must be governed
ty circumstances; and 1 will not consent that the
safety ef this country should depend em such contingencies.
(Hear, bear.) My lords, self-reliance is the
best road to distinction In private lite. It is equally essential
to the character and to the grandeur of a nation.
(Uear^bear.) It will be necessary for our defence,as I have
already stated, tbat we should have a military force sufficient
to cope with any Power or combination of Powers
tbat may be brought against us. I know there will be
great opposition to the expense. I loel and obsnrvo this.
But leek at the opposite coast. An army of 600,000 men,
admirably disciplined, admirably organized, superior to
any other force of the same kind in Europe, lies within a
lew bourB' sail of our own shores. That army is com
posed of brave troops, sxilful, well commanded, eager
for conlhct, enthusiastic, fond of adventure, thirsting for
glory, and above all, lamiliar with glory, lhat is the
Power airayed against you. J do not ask you to combat that
Power aigrttnvely, hut only to put yourselves in a state of
ivjjiciert def,nee to resist it. What have wo seen within
the last tew week! ? France, with a peace establishment
with no preparation for war (a laugh), no desire
for war, a nation tbat could not reduce its establishment
because it bad never advanced it (a laugD)?so the
Km per or told us, and I am bound to put faith in tnat state
nit ai?was yri aote in ine snort perwa of fine or six vwlcs to
tramjort an at my of 170,0(0 men to the banks if Oir Mincio,
mth kCO piece! if cannm and. a urge train, gaining two great
battles in ill progreu, b-sides other leister fights, while, she
has a fleet offijty war Ueanurs in the Adriatt: at this moment,
dtt, J h.litre, an army of 40,000 men. (Hear, hear.)
Crois to tbe opposite coist, then, an<l you tlml the power
of action, of motion, of hostility, of iojury. Are we to sit
supine on our own shores and not to prepare the moans
nectssary In esse of war to resist that Power? 1 don't
with to ray that we should do this for any aggressive purpose.
Whit I insist upon Is that we are bouud lo make
every effort necessary Tor our own shelter and protec ion.
(Hear, hear.) Bcaldos this, the question of expense and
oi money sinks into InsigniUcance. (Hear, hoar) It is
tbe prire we must pay for our insurance, and it li hut a
moderate price tor so Important an InsuriiDco. -I know
there arc peitoos who will say, "let us run tbe
risk " Bo it so. Bat, my lords, if tho calamity
should come, if tbe conflagration should take
place, what words can describe the extent of the
calamity, or what imagination ctn paint tbe overwhelming
ruin that would fall upon us. (Hear, hear.)
I shall be told, perhaps, that these are the tim d counsels
or old ege. My lores, for myself, I should ran no risk.
Personally, I have nothing to Itar. But to point out possible
peril and bow to guard effectively against It, that is
Bureiy to be considered not as timidity but as (be dictates
of wiedom and prudence. (Hear, bear) I have contJned
myself to facts tbat cannot be disputed. I tbink I have
confined myself also to Inferences which no man can ?uccirsfi
I y contravene. I hope what I have said has been
n accordance with your feelings and opinions (Hear,
bear.) I shall terminate what I have to say in two emphatic
words? V<r Virtii!?words of solemn and most
significant import. (Loud cheers.) ,
H'KKCII OS LORD STRATFORD PR RKIHTirSE.
lord Stratsord dr Rbutifsic (to whom Karl ciranvillo,
who rose wl h him, gave place) said ho was not entitled
by any long standing in this House to interpose between
tbeir lordships and tbo noble earl who had just
risen. Indeed, even without reference to that nobie
earl, be had bo claim to address the House on
a eubject of this kind. Hut he believed he should reflect
the general feeling of the House when be exprossed hts
gratitude to the nablo and learned lord for calling attention
to this most important and solemn subject, at so
anxious a time as the present. (Hear, hear ) Trial
speech afforded a strong proof of the reeling prevailing
throughout the country on this subject. Wneu he remembered
ihst though the supplies necessary to take the precautions
suggested could not originate In this House, and
yd that the subject had first been brought tinder eonslderut
inn here?when be remembered that the noble lord did
not belong to the naval or military profession, but that his
honorable, his glorious career hail been passed In totally
different pursuits? and when ho saw him rise at a very
advaneec. age and overcome the iiiflmllleg of that period
of life In order to perform a solemn duly towards the
country, he could tot hut feci all tbo Importance
of Ibis subject, and that It had not been brought
under their attention without adequate reason (Hear.)
a aH countries poeeeelng free Inrt't tie is at all llm?i ri
h?re bod b?-en ui unwillingness to pi .re for dsieuco in ri
uiiii i>?v.'<.'D ul war. The reeling brought out by those in
Hitutiuns wax a very natural feeiiug oreo I' criUdwu'e unit
)( unwiilthgneaa to endure saciittc.e infer* it strong on- ti
clHion of danger had arisen. Ho * -id, therefore, mat it c
sua with good reason that the uoblo an I learned lord bad II
called attention to this cubjoct. It was wo I kniwu that c
prepa'at'ons had neen made in th's country, and that we o
bad aaauianccs irom both the Utteaod ibi p.^etulg' vo.ru- p
meets that the national defences would nut be neglected, n
He confessed that be bad beard witti earnfaction some 11
short time ago the just tribute paid to tho Itue First Lord V
uf ibe Adic'ralty by the present Foreign Soert tar*,for the b
successful exertions made by the r ght bouoracle gen ti
t'emiin in bis department He gui.e agreed with Ufa F
noble and learned friend (I<ord l.vi.rthiirsl) that it uicu r
not a quettion of the degree of confide nee jml l/y this count >y II
in fin i iyrt l\wcrs or in the Emyior Naj>oletm, but r
that it tear a shame and a humiliation that a great u
nation like ours should txistforone hour under sufferance, n
(Cheers.) Not only must such an existence inspire a sonso f
or shame which we ought Uidiguanliy to repel; but we li
thereby deprived ourselves of the opportunity of perform- et
ing those duties wblch we owed to the world and to the s<
Providence which bad placed us in a posttlou of doing d
good without limit. The noblo and learned lord, he be- b
iieved, had Indulged in no exaggeration m his rupresenta- n
lion of the means of our neighbors. When we looked to
these means, and to the position which wo occupied in
relation to otber countries, there was much reason for tl
anxiety, and still greater anxiety ro'ist be occasioned by n
the changes which had taken place In naval tactics. ; (
When be looken at tho groalng oemanris upon our naval J e
snd military services lor the protection of our distant o
retllements, and at the extent of our daily incroa. icg ! s
commerce with all parts of the world, be saw an addi- fi
lional demand for augmented means of oofence, an j V
additional danger proceeding from abroad, aDd every : I
lesson Tor making tboso eacnthvn which were ue- ' d
rrssary in order to secure the safety of our shor< s 1 <
and add to our intluence in negotiation with other I t
Stu'es. He tor one put the question of Invasion very | li
murh urine Whatever reuBon we might have to appro- s
bend a hostile attack upon our shores, he was still willing I <
to believo that with a prudent and at tbo same limn firm '1
policy oil our part, and with acme feeling of regard for t
rght or the part of oihera, wc were not likely to be ox- j
jy.Fi'd to that I" mediate danger. But there wore other c
cor sideratiors wi Kb made It an imperative duty to loao t
do time In completing our defences, and placing ourselves I
In that position of ecurit.y which our honor and interests I
both demanded. W hen he looked at the high pitch of i
prosperity to which wc bad attaiued, at the united sen I- '
metii that existed to an almost unparalleled extent among I
us, and at the fact that we pr-sser-wd means cf defence i
nearly unlimited In amount, be found it impossible to en- <
lertjft any apprehension for the fate, or England. Our i
danger arose from too much self-confidence, from too I
|reat a reliance upon past successes, and from an unwil- I
I ngnees In admit those charges which bad actually taken 1
place; but he was Mti*lied that it tbo warning wore accepted?if
wo looked the danger In tbo face, and employed
the means at our disposal?.so/ar fr in touting any reason
to dread a conflict with Franc- , or any other f on ign /Virrr, the I
day on which ihtmld be called upon to dtftnd our honor ind
int-rr.ds tucvld prove the mo t glorvrus day that ever shone
uprn the destinies <f England. (Uheere.)
m'kbcu os sart ckamv1uk.
Earl Gramillk?I fully concur In the tooling of admiration
whlcb but btcu exprefftd by the noble loid woo has
just spoken with respect to the speech of the noble and
learned lord opposite I fudy admit that in tins remarkable
intellectual effort Ibe noble and teamed lord has put
his views clearly before your loriehi; s, and that those
views, so lucidly stated, contain much of truth and
much of patriotism. At tbe same time I cannot refiain
fiem asking rot self whether any groat practical good is
IlkrJy to resuli fr>m what baa fallen l'rom tbe ucble ana
learned lord, (Hear, bear.) 1 am not sure whether the
objtct of bis observations is to stimulate the country or to
stimulate the government; but 1 have no hesitation In saying
(but, sb regards other couutrita, I cannot foresee any
advantage in tbe course which has been taken.
(Hear, bear.) There is nothing which gives such
weight to this House as the debates which take
place in it upon all the important subjects relating
to our connection with foreign biatee; but
at tbe same time it cannot be denied that upon each individual
member rests a grave responsibility ill regard to
what may escape his lips. (Hear, hear.) During the
first three months of tbe present Parliamentary soesion I
think we bad only three debates upon tbe delicate subiect
ol our foreign relations. Those debates were not devoid
of spirit or ot frankness, but they were cruductod with a
prudence and discretion which were not only highly ap
proved by the public at large, but produced a good effect
on the Continent, and even In some countries where our
free Institutions are little loved. (Hear,bear.) Since the
accession cf the present government this House has sat
only four nights, and during three of them sharp discussions
have taken place upon some delicate
matters connnected with our foreign relations.
And now, my lords, we have this evening been addressed
upon tbe same subject with greater weight, greater moderation
and greater temper. Hut I am not sure that the
noble and learned lord opposite: has been judicious in all
be has said. If a feeling of hostility does exist, as he says it
does?not on the part of the Emperur Nape-ban, but im the
part of the Frenchpeepit ? I am not certain that ha speech
will tend to alloy it. When be jpo'nts out in the most
marked way the defencob character ot our shores?
wben at the samo time he boasts of our former victories,
and wben he mnkr s something like Insinuating and sneering
allusions bo'b to foe government and the people of
Fiance?1 am afraid Ibst, coming from such lift as his,
such language Is not well calculated to maintain a friendly
feeling between tbo two countries. (Hear.) Whan
you consider how much Irritated a majority of tbe
public and of Parliament were last year by the ioolwh expressions
o' a few foolish French colonels, isolated In their
garrison towns, and smarting under an attempted asaattsination
of their Emjieror and commander, you will be ahle
to estimate the effect which such language as wc have
beard to night la likely to produce upon a people so sensitive
as tbc French. (Hear, hear ) Again, my lords, I
bave to ark myself whether such speeches are necessary
to stimulate our coiiDtrymeD at bOOM. I believe they are
cot. It Is impossible to read the language of the public
prees, or tbo speeches made at public meetings, or to see
me points upon which even theologians think the dec iod
of a number lb'Oxtord University ought to turn (a laugh),
without bring aware of the reading** with which tin: veojle
areyitperea to viakt j?runiary sacrifices in order toj/restroe.
the inviolability of our shores and mainbiin the natumal
honor. (Bear, hear.) A proper feeling in that rospect
already exists, and the only fear is that it may be exc.ted
bey end Its legitimate work. The noble aiul learned lord
ho. tallrc A rf iwiroalrn hnt thul t Kol.o.ra in ol ten
moment out of tne question. H'At/e vie are an the ltr.it pits- 1
III ill terms with the United States, w bilo Russia is notoriously 1
Dot prepared for war, and whiie franee ig engaged in a I
bloody and witt y content in D?ly, we are certainly not in
danger of an invasion. Bat wbal we ail feei is, that it
would be abeoluie fully Iff a great and rich country like
Knglaud not to take Ihcee permanent precautions wnioli at
all timeg will relievo ug, not only front invasion itgeif, but
from the very alarm of Invasion, so injurious as it
nupht be to cur commerce. (Hear, hear.) Political
experience teact.cs ua that If we excite a feeling to an
uuuatutal degree it will be followed by a reaction, ana
tbo probability la that if the people are too much
agitated now tbey may at gome future time be seize"! with
a fit of economy whih will prevent tDe government of
tbo day from continuing tboee permanent means ol de
IfDce wbich are absolutely necessary lor tbe protection of
Ibe country. (Hetr.) I now come to the conduct of her
Majesty's government, and to the queetlon whether it is
accessary to stimulate them with regard to this most 1m
portent subject. My noble friend (the Duke ot Somerset),
l as bad occasion to nunc In this House explicit uoc.ara
tiotis upon 1Mb point, and I am glad to have me opporluui
ty of repeating that tnose declarations are not mere expressionB
of individual opinions, but tbe authorized atats
mem of the views of tbe wbolo of the Cabinet entrusted
with the government of the country. I know nothing in
tbe character of Lord Paimerston, the head ol the government,
which should excite alarm iwtbis respect. I believe
tbirt all who have seen anything ot tbat noble
lord know that tor years there baa been no man, except
perhaps tbe date Duke ol Wellington, who, bilh In
nnvAlA And in nunlir Iua mrini AriTiminlv nrttkfu. i
the importance of maintaining our national deieocea 1
In a i roper state of preparation tbao he bis
done. (He?r, hear.) Some doubt may Davo been
created by what tell from the noble and learned lord with
ri gerd to the stale at the navy at the beginning of laM
year, which was cheered by the noble oan opironile (the
Fari of Bardw.eke),and which must have been founded
upon a statement made by the noble oarl himself the other
day, that at tbat time the navy was In a atate of''weak
ntes, impotence and decrepitude." ("Hear, hoar," from
lxrtd Qardwicke.) Tbe noble lord cheers but I really
venture to ntk him how he reconciles tbat cheer with the
atuUmtDt trade by the head of tbe depuitment concerned
laatyear? (Hear, hoar.) I do Dot wish to trespass upon
your lordships' attention, but perhaps 1 may bo allowed
to give you a very short sketch of what baR otcurrod with
regard to the navy. (Hear, bear ) The noole and learned
lord referred to the great diilerence In the comparison be
twecD tbe forces of Franco and England wblch resulted
fiom tbe application of steam to navigation. No sane per
son can doubt that wbereaB it had formerly boen impoe
sible for tbe French nation to cquil us in sailing vessels,
as toon as steam was introduced tbe terms became equal
and ibo race equal to botb countries. In tbo year 1852,
however, we woro superior to tbo French in steam vessels
by, I tnlDk, fifty two ships. During the war we main
allied our superiority bo h in tbo llalllc and in tbe
1'iuck Sea. At tbat time I tb<nk 284 shipe, besides
107 ir.oitar vtsrels, wire adocd to the envy In
1858 we had sixteen ships In exciss of tbo number
possessed by tbe Fri uch, and although It might be true
that wo were deficient In frigates, we had 224 small steam
vessel more than they bad. At the ceosation of the war
tbe country required, and to a eertaiu extent reasonably
required, a reduction of our forces. The government did
not entucly comply with these requisitions. Tbcy reduced
the navy, but Instead of returning to its condition previous
to ibe wsr, they went back to tbe stardard of the
first year of preparations for war, wblch exceeded tbo
peace establishment hy about 1,C00 men, and In the shipbuilding
department, hy about illty per cent. last year a
cty arose in tbo country, wolcn was most eloquently
eiilrrced by Mr. Disraeli in Parliament, that not only our
civii but also our military and naval expenditure must bo
reduced in proportion to tho reduction of our taxation.
Tbe charges which were made against the then bead of
the Admiralty (Sir C. Wood) wore, that he was spending
loo much money and building too large shipe. Her MaJrsiy's
late government acceded to power, and ten days
afterwards 81 r John TaklDgton went down to the House of
Commons and said that tbe navy estimates or tho preceding
Government were so largo thst tbo Ministry could
net take the responsibility of proponing them to Parliament
without due and mature deliberation. (Hoar, hear )
1 beg to atate explicitly that no person in this House Is
more convinced of the necessity of putting our national
<if|i nr.es In proper order than Is cvriy member of her
Majesty's government. There Is no desire on our part to
conceal our prestations from foreign nations. It', haw.
no reason t? fx reluctant In explain to thTil thai, h.wver
much toe may deplore thai all Europe should he armino, yel
when all Europe does nun, we carmot be left entirely le hirui
hand. <w the rare, and that we require Ui be jitaod tn such a
petition or shall give us the. influence, which we wiyht to
hove in the ounsrlsrf Euripe when tho proper opjiortunlty
comes lor restoring |?are. and shnll enable us to Insure
the conditions most favorable to tbe happiness ami Inten
sis of ?U concerned. Hut while wo are en- ?
paged In this dlfllcult, this responsible and this
ail important task?while yo? allow ui to retain
our seals on this 1Mb, I think wo may with
confidence ask your lordsh|ns to give us your support 1
and your assistance, and not in any way to embarrass
nr?a result wblsb cannot he secured if on every occasion
of cur mcct'Dg wo all rush tumultuoualy into the ccualdo- i
?tioD and illRruMioD of questions of the moot delicate cbasotrr.
(Cliemu)
m'ktni of t1ik raki. ok iiakpwickk.
7110 Ea-I o' HmiiWiCK* had Ii> tened with great pleasure
3 Uit up e. U 11 b'fc nob>L a?.d ie?.*(eu friend, *t? ob tie
oti.unteu with the oob.e lord OHeieile (lord Htra.ford do
:t(Mill") in iti Lktug bull |i* none mi l uectui. It
lli'ieo to 'to | . biic a mim nod temperate statement
f tbe r<u dutou lu which this country ni'glil t>?
isctd ei der ctrauns'tu era ?b>cb wo Uud a r>*nt
ot, be trn.se. , ro nntiilput* utt rapidly approachJg
but at ti-uM, to cou'eaiplato as pos?ib'?.
le tbuula thereby ttntgiheo our alliances?(beer,
? ??)? ami empower our f oi"lgn Secretary to speak lo a
run- such or te i.oulrt r ut at pre!., nt ore wueu uddi eaiiug
'orelgn Pow-rs (Wear, L. ai ) We abou.d thereby
entler our ci n iiifrit boouro wuorover tbe British 11 .g
uatrd. He wee 111 inly Cut vluced that tbe tnao woo
olid ibe Krenr.b nation would rejoice at a com d >r?ni#
ugnieoiauoo ot our naval strength, bo -ause it woui I' leh
him with a powerful argument sgaiuei, euch of U s
objects as detund an Invasion of ibis ooun'ry by Fnu ?
le believed thai tbat r?tar would mucb rather <gai i i . n
timu|ate thai de?*ie of invasion, and would be glad ta
ee the maritime jio*er of thiB country raised to u o.>uai
erable pitch, tbat the question might not be p-etmed upuu
im as to whether he should make war upon Guglaoil er
ot. (Hear, beer.)
el'wtcn of lord llrol'oham
lord Bkocoimm eaid tbey were ?g?eed on all tide* of
10 Bouse, wub.'iir ?oy one exception, on tb" expedu u iv,
ey, he would gay to- necessity of de'enmvo prcpurano a?
bear, liter)?an! Hint without any tavioiousiiisa towar *
itlier foreign n?ii. u? or Unur rulers, hot muioii oo ?,
oi.nt of the I'll* ore of aifilra in Knroue, anion wv>
aiming with errat armies under the cou r0i 0> ? very
ew ludividua's o< -ban i te aud unlimited power. */< w't
....,1 tn fi.r .?,,r narn .1
night, without eturcilog anything to h , p ** o, wueox
reading that anything would btopeu He owp y I ni -i.t
d what had beeo spoki n to at rngnias to the reeling* o'
be French people with icpard to an lnv<,,|?[, of tug
uid. He positively ooied tnat that fooling rue aura
8 Dad been represei.t.ut ("bee 8.) Then wa-> n > d.. tre
n the part of the French people fur a war wah Bngtawi.
"here was an almost universal desireon their p.>? v, 1,41a
I'd peace, lie. wult toy wv/t respect to tie iZuoian, the
tufrtan and tin- French rulers, (fiat i! wx- r, ' tete'o
tlluu a man in gi eat pvwer to encroach ever to hide h y i 1 i
heir own territories Thorn was an oil miX'ni fiat
If you allowed people to go hut u very little beyond tbe
line that separated right from wrong, they w very
apt to go s great deal fi rther without t oar leave. He
ana not bound 10 express either confluence or fia'rust in
'oreign rulers, but we ought certainly to trust ourselves.
(Hear) We ought to rely up .id ourselves for our >wn
lofence, hspycu what might. Tnere wan cut one nptuioa
sb to the positive neceenty of our being well prepared
n the present state of Europe. We had no distrust of
foreign nations, 11 n<1 they bad to right 10 cotnpUiu o' our
being prepared when they were pre pared, (ilea-, mar.)
SPRKCTI OK IJUIP EI1SMIOKOUGH
Tt.P Furl of FJ.LBNiiORonin salt:?t have only a very few
words to offer, but I cannot have the House won
faction to nnself wltnoiu taking the opp ituoi'.y ? ox
pre?elng to my noble ami learned friend my most gnito
ful thanks fur the great gervice which, in my opinion, be .
bar porlortncd (Hear,bear.) My DOblear.1 loarnedlrioiid ?
km pat sa eod 10 that fatal course of naif deception in
wbit.li this country baa for wj many years been indulging
(Beer,hsar) BakMtlrtlntU) pti ett be'oretho 11 .?
icd the public the picture of what we were and wbai we
ire?of wtat we we under circumstances the most p rh
rns that have occurred lor tbe last half ceutmy 1 loot
ouviteed that, upon the most mature after reflection, uiy
noble and It aim 0 friend will cot And one word iu tC.<
{vest speech which he has delivered to night wain he
would riture to alter. (Cheers.) My 1i?"(Jh, toe
people of th s country have, by almost all wn > h tvo
titer in the habit of addressing .hem at public meet'Dga,
bceu led to thins much mure of the past than of tin ore
lent, and net at all of tho future. Jr. y have be.n reding
tn the uuui' ty of pas', glories, ami to y haw leen im pining
th'y were only on the morrow of Waterloo ami Tr f il/ar.
lbat la col my feeling, and d is now twelve yearn
li re I took ibo opportunity of calling aiteotloo to ibo
treat changer which had taken place iu the circumuU-.oc.rs
if Europe since tbe year 1815, and urging upon Ibo House
he adoption of some other miMaures than me embodiment
if the militia, ll that shoold not give tbe requiaitn
ie"uflty. (Hear, hear ) 1 have since, upon several oict'ionr,
pressed the sime considerations upon the public.
')J all th' nations >f Europe we are the most vulnerable
U rea, because tee have in addition to our own
erritmy rur colonies and mr great commerce to dtf>nd;
icd If wo were less vulnerable at sea we are more vui
inutile than ail otber nations on land, because we have a
nuch larger ox[ oeed frontier. On all aides we are ex s
eed to attack ir we have not a naval superiority to protci
us. We bave been desired do night to cnaoge ilia
fltittiiiirfi ahifh If OKI* ft ft- (lififtHM I tn iiba vnn b ionr? ,itn
itdidiu) ntR ami counsels cf prudence, and to Hdopt a
lourte of conduct verv inconsistent with our duly tut
mmbersof the legislature. In what part of the world
will 1 berly of speech t>ke retog> if ii la not to be per
i.tttc d to tike refuge in lb'8 t onoe 1 (Cboeni.) What are
be circun ftai res < f tbe war nnd how has that war been
leacribtd oo both sides of the House, I believe, since we
nit aftir the difeolu.ion? I have beard the word in: pii
ous applied to it. It u certainly n ?ear without. justifiedit
n. (CI.lire.) F.vtn If the object be a good one, It is
: ot jutliflabie by wrong snd bad mean* to accomplish it
;Pc?r, hear ) But I do net Munit!, nor do I t\iuk
u.y one bettevei that the pretended object of the
ear is the real ens (Cheers.) We hoar the
war declared to he for tho purpase of changing
be existing distribution of power in Kurone, which has
letrd untouched from the treaty of Vienna io the present
tnie. We sec tt conducted by snob an extraordinary
oice a* naturally to produoc alarm In the min t of any one
B this country. (Hear, bear.) Franco In ibis war ap
year* almost as a new Power In Europe. If it be true?
tnd I accept the declaration of the Emperor that ha made
to preparations?it is on that account I entertain th?
rn ntfft alarm. If, without any piev.ous preparation,the
imperor ot France can in six or eight weeks place 200,01)0
urn perfectly equipped tor military operations io the cm,re
ot Northern Italy?if he can send 80,000 m u by sea
noet rapidly with most perfect arrangements, with all
hat Is required or munitions of war and provisions care
uiiy imm?u ar n mere oaa oven lori-tnougot, ana as if
menccd for transmission by stu?1% in addition to that,
D a t n.ali spaa of time be can place from 30,COO to 4'i,ChK)
ncn in a powerful fleet in the Adriatic, and there effect a
newnt and a robuamai of the invasion of Una cjuntry ?
*hen 1 tee ttacae things done, when I see the diminished
cice of this country, aa detailed by my nob'e and
ctrqt^ friend, in comparison with the force of France,
>10 Ml appiihtDsive, and I do feel that it ia tile
loundtn duty of government and of Parliament to place
Ma country in a at&te of unattackable security,
[i br ers ) I am not satisfied with Uie expressions
f the noble carl, lam not Batis'Jed tbat merely ordi
isty means should be adopted. What I desire is tbat the
uuntry ahull be plaC'd in tbat degree of unattackable se:urity,
tbat strength shall be restored to our diolomacy,
bat we may be able realiy to interfere with efTect in put.n>g
an end to this war and preventing the commencement
)I any oiber. (Thiers.) L'niil we AO that allourdiplojacy
is valuelrs*. 1 have often board of moral influence
Mural xrjlwnce varus txactly as the arrumnt of physical
'i/tck b-hina if. Ao one. I think f unless inspired will a feA-i-y
hjruly English, can speak of Ike. present ruler of France
is rtie cnlcuUited to txcriue moral irfluence. in Europe; yt
in man in Euripe has more moral influence, because no man
xmmands greater force- (Rear, hear.) And no die lords
jppesitc may depend upon it that, until they place this
country in a degree of security thai renders It hopeless for
Kisr.ee or any other l'owcr to attempt to attack our
'bores, all cflortsto terminate the war by intervention anl
cugotation will be entirely wilbout avail. (Cheers ) During
:Lie last eleven years, tince 1848, all the Powers of Europo
have been endeavoring, partly from distrust of each other
nod partly from disirtst of their own subjects, to in,iease
their military force. They have effected that ohi
ct; tbey have effected it by great financial sacrifices. I
ip'ucl bulb ttieir financial weakness and tocir military
itiengtb, because I kLow that against the burdens to
shlch they have been submitting their only hope o(
ruuedy and reuef is by a contained war on this country.
(Heat, biar.) It la not aafe for this country to remain
inarmed in the mu st cf armed natlrng, always rivaln,
ind ottcn engaged in hostility to e-'icb other. When one
.ati' n dcterrmms t? apply all her energies to making
noLey, ami another to making preparations tor war. it is
ihvloub enough with which of the two nntiona al< the
icDty will ultimately be. I trust tho goyernment will
trihtio preeiaeiy to the expressions which llrsi fell from
hern; hut I confess I am not perfectly satisfied with what
eil from the noble carl to night. (Hear, hear.) I foci
here Is a plight variation from the decided course which
n the 11 rAt inptanee tboy Paid they were fully determined
10 puisue. I trust tbey will adhere absolutely to that
loursc. ns I believe tt is by that only they will secure
.he confidence of Parliament and tbe safety of tbe counry.
(<h>eers )
rbe Duke 01 Akgyj.i. could assure the noble earl that
his suspicions were entirely unfounded. Tne government
had noi altered their mind, but night after
11 ght noble lores were ralsiog their demands,
and If tbe speech of the noble and learned
lord Indicated bis opinion of what was nceee.
?ry for tbe defence of the country, the goyernment
aould at once baye to bring In a war budget and make
he mivy equnl to the combined navies of the whole world.
the Dukeof Ritlasii said he thought their lordsbips
iwed a great debt ot gratitude to the noble and learned
orrt a bo bad brought the subject under discussion before
be Douse. It was, be thought, of tbe utmost Importance
hattbo country should be placed In such a position of dot
nee as that wo need not be imder the nocesslty of rolyrg
for our security on any man or any nation?(hear,
ii ?i1_nnd he could assure tbe noble duke who had mm
rpokt that there was no ooeaslon to bo alarmed at any
faction on the (core of expenditure for tbat purr) mo
*klng place tn the, minds of the ]ieoplo of Ergiac.fto
ong art great armaments such as at present existed
?ere maintained on the Continent of Europe, (dear,
tear.) When the war In Italy came to a tcrcninaIon,
and thoeo armaments were decreased, it
vould be time enough to look for tbat change of
lubllc opinion which the noble duko seemed to uppreicnd.
Ha did not mm tooontend that tU outuHry wottMl
jo invaded by France, but be knew with how little certainy
the most Isr-wolng statesmen could predict the roal
ourse of evenia, as wsa evinced by the fact thai they could
e induced to place nof.villi in the anticipations to which he
nd his fr lends had given xp/-cssion during the great tree
rade struggle as to the possibility, after a peace of thirty
ears, of war again breaking out. A war bad neverihoeta
been waged in 1864 of the moat sanguinary character,
nd It was in the contest which was then carried on that,
n hls mtalOB, the seeds of the present bostlltles were
own. Who, with thine fact* before hu eyes, could l>t to
eld oslo say that thire teas no possibility of England being
nveultd by Fiance! (Hear.) For his own part, be would
01 be so rash as to arrlv8 at nny such conclusion, and he
buuld therefore carnistly impress upon his BOM* friend
he First l ord of the Admiralty tbo noeessity of rendering
is c indent sb possible those " wooden walls" which his
lohle and learned friend who opened the dlMUMkm had
in .justly detlgnatud nB the main defence of tho country.
n order to arc ure tbat object, it was expedient, us hia I
toblo and learned friend had sugg< nted, that thero should
>e an ample supply of efllclent seamen, and ho therefore
rutted tho existing rules in relation to employment In
,h< merchant eeryice would bo so far modified as to attain
end.
The subject then dropped, and their lordships adjourned
it 8 o'clock.
The Fourth of July In IsHidon.
IB. BALLAH' PPKK.cn ON NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE.
[From the London limes, July 6.]
The eighty third anniversary of the declaration of indaion*
cnoe oi the United States was celebrated laBl night