The New York herald. [volume], December 19, 1859, MORNING EDITION, Page 4, Image 4

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NEW YORK HERALD.
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KDUOJt ritOW^CTOR.
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*' V '?.?/?)' ffJIXAZJ* heoe*tttop*r <Wty, 91 per annum.
? IV Ji /7'A'jtV Tlf'HAJ T) ft" ry Suturthiy, at #ix cento per
$"l ;**? U0tntm; the finro/^nt F litin i evft y W*in'?C ty%
-ii r* ' t> j* i"^y. r nnwwiH to liw.v ?*trtf o/ &reat Britain,
I * i.*. loury ivrf o/" tJ*-> irtb toinrluds portaq*; the
/ . <??- 1/ f&wi -/I "#? W/j an*/ ".IfVfc qf ?ucrt nw/tin at fix cents
$1 SC' per a miiim .
T7 ," i V/Xi UKHALD ow fMfuwiiy, a* /our ??.& J>*r
*? '.v. <*r >"r otinunu
% <ium< JkA.1V Mo. 351
AMUPEMKST8 TUTS KVKMNQ.
NIUl.O'S OARDER. Broadway.? Soldiee ro? Lovt? Les
A: ?>i.l??? Magic Jrimi-et.
BOWKBT THEATRE, Bowery.? Be? RanOiir? INHUKREC
Hon ? C'iiow Cuow
WIVTVR GARDEN. Broadway, oppoilte Bond ?treet.?
OlTOMOON
WALLACE'S THEATRE, Broadway. ? Everybody's
Frienu ? Kokty and Kui v.
LAt'RA KEEKS '8 THEATKK, 624 BmRdway.-DiSTAirr
JtsutnoM.
NEW BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery.- Oon Irish Coo
BtN ? Po CO 1 1 OK TAt? Hxucvuu.
T: ARKVMS AMERICAN MUSEUM. Broaiway .-After
noon? Paul Pry. Evening? Laoy or Lvox*.
BRYANTS' MTNSTRE1.S, yeclnintea' Hull. 472 Broadway?
Bum (null, 6oNi.ii, Danced, ,ti? ? t-umKisk. I'urr.
NJRLO'B SALOON, Broadway.? Geo. Christy's Miv
Btulls in Songs, Dances, BosuuxicEs, *c.? Aktcul Dodoku.
M-W OPERA HOVfF. 721) Broadway,? Drayton's] Par
lor (.tears and Lyric 1'ro\ bubs.
CHATHAM AWPHITHFATRK? Eqpesteia* Bereosm
ANcsf? I'ctnah? French Srr.
TEMPLE HALL, Ninli *Ireet ? Kl?c Solomon's Tcki'le.
HOKE CHAPEL, 720 Broadway.? Waoc.u's Italia.
Kcw Vorb, Monday, Bcctmbtr 10, 1859.
81ULS FOR THE PACIFIC.
Afit York Ilernld? Cutlfornla Edition.
TV mail svamfbip North Star, Capt. .tones, will leave
UiH port to morrow (Tuesday i afternoon, at two o'clock,
fo* Asprowall.
Tbe mails for California anil other parts of tho Pacific
Will close at one o'clock to morrow afternoon.
The New York Weekly Hkkajli> ? California e<l!tion ?
containing the latest intelligence from all parts of the
World, with a large quantity of local and miscellaneous
matter, will bo published at eleven o'clock in tbe morn
ing
Single copies, in wrappers, ready for mailing, six cents.
As -u'ja will please sood In tlieir orders as early as pos
sible
The News.
The VanJerbilt, which left Southampton on the
7th in?t., in the evening, arrived here yesterday
noon, having been off the Highlands on Saturday
night? a most rapid run for this season of the
year. The North American, from Liverpool, ar
rived at Portland yesterday, brings dates to the
8th inst.
The news is three days later than that by the
America, but is not of special importance.
Cotton was rather in favor of buyers in Liver- j
pool-on the 6th inst, and flour had declined- Sugar j
wa3in active demand at an advance in London, j
Coffee was steady.
Consols closed in London on the Cth inst at 97j !
to J , or at 95J to J without the dividend. Business
was rather animated.
The European Congress would meet on the 5th
of January, but it was thought that little busi
ness would be done before the 15th of the mouth.
An important announcement is made to the
eSect that England will not send a plenipotentiary ;
direct from london to the body, but that Lord j
Cowley, being in Paris, would attend the sittings,
fceing instructed to make his interference in Italian
affairs as little prominent as possible.
Serious agitation prevailed still in Italy. Com
Blander Maniscalca, Director of the Sicilian Police,
had been stabbed while walking near the Cathedral !
la Palermo, with his wife and ?children. Garibaldi
again anticipated a new revolution. Tae General
had had an interview with the Dowager Empress of
Bussia at Nice.
England had forty thousand volunteer riflemen
in arms in November.
Tbe allied expedition against China would be of
great fcyce.
There is news from Australia dated at Sydney on
the 15th and Melbourne on the 17th of October.
The exports of feold had declined.
A fire in Hong Kong, China, destroyed over
$100,000 of property on the 19th of October.
The Ambassadors from Japan to Washington
would leave Nagasaki in the Powhatan on the 22d
of February.
A letter from a correspondent on bortrd the
pteamship Mississippi, at Penang, China, informs us
that that ship arrived at that port October 21,
on her passage home, and expected to reach here
about the 1 !-t of February.
A despatch from Ceylon, dated at Colombo on
the 16th of November, reports:? There is a great
Bcarcitj of labor. Trade dull.
Manila reports of the 22d of October say:? Mir
kets dull. Sugar and hemp unaltered. Freights
to England XI 10*. a ?2.
The news from South America is dated:? Bue
Bos Ayres, Oct. 3 1 ; Montevideo, the 1st; Bio
Janeiro, the !?th; Bahia. the 15th: and Pernambuco,
the 16th of Noveuibci Some fuller particulars con.
cerning the advance of Gen. Urquiza on Buenos
Ayres are given. Coffee was getting scant in sup
ply at Kfo, and dealers asked high rates. Sugars
had fallen at Bahiu. Coffee was firm and cocoa
?was in good demand, but without advance. Very
little sugar had been entered at Pernambuco.
3-lides rated at 2G5 a 270 reals, or 7Jd. a 7 13-I6d.,
at which about 10,000 had been purchased.
From the French West Indies we have news
dated at Martinique and Ouadaloupe on the 27th
of October. The journal- state that the quantity of
sugar of tbe present season exported to France
from Martinique, up to 1st October, was 52,777
casks, and that 7, '123 were to be sent off; they
Confirm the preceding advice.-, that the prospects of
Bext year s crop are very promising.
A despatch from New Orleans informs us that
Col. Lockridge was to sail for Brownsville, Texas,
in the steamship Arizona, on the 10th init., with
twenty men, to aid in putting down the Mexican
bandit, Cortinas.
The body of John E. Cook, executed at Charles
town, Va., on Friday last, arrived in Williamsburg
about one o'clock on Sunday morning. On examin
ing the body it was found that decomposition had
commenced, and that the face and neck were much
discolored. The process of embalming the body
was gone through, and yesterday the discoloration
had been removed. The funeral services will take
place on Tuesday, at ten o'clock, at the residence
of Samuel L. Harris, Esq., No. 114 South Ninth
Btreet, Williamsburg, and not at the Reformed
Dutch church, ai previously announced.
Rev. Dr. D. W. Cahill, the eminent Irish con
troversialist, of the Roman Catholic Church, lec
tured last evening in the Academy of Musie, to one
of the largest assemblies that every thronged that
capacious edifice. His subject was, "The insuffi
ciency of human reason to acquire Christian
faith," and the lectnrc was eloquent and ably deli
vered. Tbe applause with which Dr. Cahill and
h:?. discourse were received was of the most enthu
piA-ttn order.
The thirty-third anniversary of the male branch
of the City Tract Society, and the ttfirty- seventh of
ti^e female branch, was held last e vetting at the Re
formed Dutch cburoh corner of Fifth avenue and
Twenty-ninth street, and ?u attended by a crowd
ed audience, the reports of the treasurers of both
branches were read, from which it appeared that
they were in a highly prosperous condition. The
Iter. Dr. Latbrop was then introduced, and deliver
ed a very eloquent address on the advantages de
rived from the City Tract Society.
The Jtev. I?r. Hope, Professor of Belles Lettros
at Princeton College, died yesterday morning.
Tiio sale.-- of cotton on Saturday embraced about TOO a 800
bak?, doting ratbcr dull, at U for middling uploads.
Kluur opr nrd (lull, am) closed at a slight decline Tor gome
grades of State and Western, while kales were limitod.
Sout lid i, viai> unchanged, and sales moderate. Transac
tions in wheat were silo light. Including Kentucky white
at SI 60 a >1 S5, Michigan do. at $1 45 a ft 60, Southern
at $1 40, and red State at 91 25. Corn was flLrra and in
fair demand, with sales of new and old yellew and tniK?<i
at 02c. a SI. Pork was heavy and easier, with sales of
mrssutSie, and prime st SI I 37 yt. Sigars were Arm,
and closed at fully ',c. per pound advance on the
week's Bales. The transactions yesterday embraced 600 a
600 htxis , 600 buses, and 3,000 bags Brazil, at full prices.
8u!ei of 2,000 bags ol' Kio coffee were made on private
terms. Freights were Arm, and engagements were mo
erste
The Great l"n ton Meeting To-Night.
The Union meeting, convened by a call signed
by Bome fire thousand merchants of New York,
whose names have appeared in an obscure jour
nal, will take place this evening at the Acade
my of Music. No doubt it will be a numerous
gathering; the signers alone would make a
Aery respectable assemblage. But the impor
tant point is not whether tbe meeting will be
large or ^mall. or whether it will have fine ora
tors. or men of plain unvarnished speech; but
whether anythiug practical will be done, and
whether those who constitute the meeting have
u true appreciation of the crisis at which the
country has arrived, and of the right remedy
to meet the danger- whether they will consent
to be mere puppets, moved by a set of wire
pullers whose object is to use this demonstra
tion for tbe advantage of their own dirty party
politics, which have contributed so largely to
bring the Union to the verge of dissolution,
or whether they realise the grandeur and sub
limity of an occasion whioh places the desti
nies of the nation in their hands.
This meeting, it is true, has been concocted
by a few broken down politicians, who knew
that such a demonstration was generally de
sired, and would take place with or without
their assistance. They anticipated the action
of the merchant princes of New York, in order
to repair the disaster which befel them in the
late municipal election, and to control the
Presidential Convention at Charleston. Their
artful design is to make it appear that the
meeting is theirs, and not the expression of the
signers, or of those who will attend upon their
call. The preliminaries ate so arranged as to
give this aspect to tbe meeting. But if the :
merchants are not entirely destitute of self
esteem, and know how to consult their own
dignity, they will compel tbe representatives
of Tammany Hall and the Albany Regeucy to
take back seats, while tbey stand forward
themselves and give a tone to the whole pro
eeedings.
What effect could a meeting have at tbe
South that appeared to emanate from the mise
rable remnant of an expiring faction which is
confessedly in a small minority in the city of
New York'.' What consolation would it l>e to
the Southern States, or what assurance of sym
pathy aDd support could they derive from the
fact that the dirty Coal Hole and the treach
erous Regency, who lately betrayed the pri
vate confidence of the Governor of Virginia,
now suddenly pretend to stand by the constitu
tional rights of the South, which they have been
sapping and undermining with all diligence for
the last few years, and even within the pre
sent month? Well might some sagacious leader
of the South adopt the warning of Laocoon to
the Trojans, when tbe Greeks, pretending that
they had abandoned hostilities and had re
turned home, left behind them a treacherous
wooden horse as a gift to their goddess Mi
nerva, which was secretly filled with armed
men. who afterwards came forth from their
hiding place, and in the darkness of the night
opened the gates of the city to their friends,
who now emerged from their ambush. " Do
you believe," exclaimed Laocoon, " that the
enemy have really withdrawn? or do you
think that any gifts of the Greeks can be free
from stratagem and deceit ? Is it thus Ulysses
is known to you ? Either the Greeks are hid
den in this wooden fabric, or it has been con
structed as an engine against our walls, to com
mand our houses and descend upon the city,
or ?ome other treachery lurks in it. Do not
trust the horse. Trojans. Whatever is intended
by it. I fear the Greeks, and suspect their mo
tives when th?'y offer us gifts."
And Laocoon was right, as the event proved
It was J) fatal gift to the Trojans, and resulted
in the destruction of their city after a siege of
ten years. John C. Calhoun was 'in the habit of
quoting from the original the last line of this
passage of Virgil: " Timeo Danaos et dona
ferentes: " and the treachery of Northern poli
ticians has only made it too appropriate. The
repeal of the Missouri Compromise by the Kan
sas and Nebraska bill, concocted by General
Pierce and his Cabinet, and Mr. Douglas, their
organ in the Senate, appeared to be a splendid
gift to the South, but it has led to the present
revolutionary movement at the North, which
meditates the overthrow of the cherished insti
tutions of the South; or the dissolution of the
United States. The South is not likely to put
any faith in the blarney of a Union meeting if
it appears to emanate from the free soil wing of
the democracy in this State, which has ever
been the sworn foe of the South. It rests,
therefore, with the merchants themselves
I whether they will render the meeting effective,
or permit it to be worse than a nullity? a
mockery of the South. It is not too late to de
tent the machinations of the political gamblers
and thimble-riggers. The merchants have only
to take the management into their own hands,
and make the meeting their own, giving it a
practical direction, worthy of the habits and
intelligence of business men.
If the merchant princes of this great city only
knew their own power, and felt the importance
of their position, they might rule New York,
and through it the State, like the merchants of
Florence, who, in the time of the Italian repub
lics of the Middle Ages, made their city the cen
tre of political power, as it was of wealth and
the arts. They have the intelligence and tbe
riches to do this. But instead of attending to
their political duties, they have given up tbe
government of the city to the worst class of men
in the community- professional politicians,
who make a trade and a business of it, briefless
lawyers, shoulder hitters, rowdies, loafers,
thieves and blacklegs. But it is not too late I
for tliein to take the reins into their own haads, I
and they ought to do it without hesitation.
Now or beret- is the time for them to act. A
revolution which will destroy their wealth and
bring the country to ruin is hastening to its
denouement. Let them interpose promptly
and assert their manhood.
Republics are subject to these mutations and
dangers. The republic of ancient Rome was
six times on the verge of destruction between
the struggles of tbe plebeians and the pa
tricians. and even secessions took place. But
the intelligence asd the patriotism of tbe coun
try always arose, and by compromises and by
moderation, mixed with firmness and decision,
they averted the danger. The same glorious
privilege is now offered to the mercbauts of
New York. By making a beginning in the
right direction they can avert the danger
which threatens the country with a civil war,
involving the destruction of this mighty con
federacy of States, the greatest calamity that
ever happened to the human race.
Let our mercantile men. ^therefore, take a
decided stand, and, instead of empty vaporiog
speeches or resolutions, which amount to
nothing, let them nominate the best man in the
country for President in this great emergency,
and the whole country will immediately follow
their example. In 1S40, when the subversion
of our institutions was menaced by the wild
! doctrines of Owen and Fanny Wright, which
had gained au ascendency in Tammany Hall
and in other sections of the North, the conser
vative elements of the country rallied around
the hero <jf Tippecanoe and the Thames, and
put down those revolutionary ideas. They \
Lave now a far geater man to rally around ? !
the hero of Niagara and Chippewa, of Queens
town and Fort George, of Vera Cruz, Cerro
Gordo and tbe city ot Mexico? a mau who has
proved himself as wise in the arts of peace and
in statesmanship as he is acknowledged to be
great in war ? a man whose conservatism can
not be questioned, and whose election to (ke
Presidency at this dangerous crisis would uot
only restore domestic harmony once more, but
would elevate the character of tbe country in
the eyes of all nations.
The European Congretw? Imperialism in
the Ascendant.
By the VanderbiJt we have four days later
news from the Old World. The prominent
event of Europe at the time of her departure
was the proximate meeting of the general Con
gress at Paris, which is announced to take
place on the f>th of next month.
This Congress presents several remarkable
' features which are worthy of attention. First,
it is to be formally attended by all the Powers
which met at the celebrated Congress of Vienna
in 181"), with a few additions of secondary
States, and ia the first formal gathering of those
Powers since that time. Second, France is re
presented in it by the Napoleonic dynasty,
which all of these Powers bound themselves at
Vienna forever to exclude from the French
throne, and the Congress meets under the segis
of the Napoleonic, and not of the Austrian
eagle, as before. Third, that England takes
veiy little part in the Congress, sending no
special representative, but merely authorizing
her ambassador at PariB to take sufficient in
terest in It to know what is going on. and to
explain her views when occasion shah .rise.
No one knows, probably not even the prt:> ipal
Powers themselves, what the Congre* will
do: but it meets under influences wiuely
difl'erent from those which ruled at th- i.-ne of
its predecessor. Then the nation- uh<( just
come out of a struggle with the lir-t .?u^oleon,
to which the dynasties had excited ?\e peoples
by the promise of constitutional f'ums of go
vernment. Some of these promises were rati
fied by the Congress itself*, but few of them
were ever performed. Now Europe has just
recovered from the shock of contending empe
rors. and imperialism meets to lay down the
chart of dynastic politics for perhaps a genera
tion. That is as long as its determinations can
be expected to bind the developement of the
age, if, indeed, they endure so long.
The circumstances under which the Congress
meets render unnecessary any formal recision
of the covenants of 1815. The admission of
France under its present ruler is the practical
and most effective abrogation that could be
bad of the pact to exclude the Napoleonic dy
nasty from Europe, it not only shows that it
is non-effective, but in requiring no previous
declaration that it is void, the Bourbon claims
are tieated with a silent contempt which marks
their approaching extinction. In the adhesion
of England to the Congress we have a formal
renunciation of the old tory policy on her part,
which, under George the Third, endeavored to
change the destinies of the Continental
nations and dynasties ; and in the almost
silent participation which she has deter
mined to accept, there is evident a
disposition to have as little connection as
possible with the political combinations of the
unlimited monarchies. Europe is thus left at
the mercy of three men ? Louis Napoleon,
Alexander and Francis J oseph. Their counsels
will determine the action of the Congress; and
from the conflict of their different interests may
we alone expect any concessions to the aspira
tions of the people.
From what has already transpired it is not
probable that they will force the Italian
duchies to receive their banished rulers, and it
is very possible that they may consent to their
annexation to the kingdom or Piedmont This
will create a strong Italian power in the north
ern part of that peninsula; but it leaves the
Legations at the mercy of the Pope, and Naples
under the rule of one of the worst of despotisms.
Thus the leaven of revolution will be left
in Italy to work out the results begun in Paris
in 1789, and continued in 1830 and 1848. The
Congress may renew towards her the profes
sions which its predecessor made to Germany:
but the Papacy will resist their l>eing fulfilled
as sturdily as Austria has resisted the constitu
tional reforms which were promised to the
smaller States around her. England has steadily
declined to intervene in the Papal question,
and Europe has, therefore, no hope of safety
from the dangers with which she is menaced
by the retrograde policy of the Court of Rome,
supported by the Emperor of Austria, but in
the common sense of Louis Napoleon and Alex
ander of Rnssla. It is no doubt in view of
this state of facts that the sessions of the Con
gress are so generally expected to endure for
some months. The imperfect understanding at
Villafranca will be discussed and referred over
and over again, until the winter has passed
and the season for military operations is again
at hand, when a new series of events may com
bine to overthrow all th<? calculations of IN*
high priests of kingcraft.
The Impending CrUU to KoHhrr> U
daitry-Beonomleal Independence and
Wealth ot the goaih.
The impending crwiu to the commerce aud
manufactures of the North, which in gathering
in force through the fanatical teachings of a
few hundred Northern demagogues and politi
cal parsons, is beginuiog to come home to tbe
public mind and awakening it to a recognition
of the true relations of Northern aud Southern
industry. The abolitionized republican party
managers aro constantly endeavoring to falsify
the facts of the cuse, and the agrarian incen
diary Helper frequently asserts that the South
ern States are steeped in poverty and wretch
edness, and to support this statement he
brings forward a series of garbled statistics,
made up from the census reports, and which
fewNortheru readers will take the trouble to
analyze before accepting.
He introduces what he calls "tlio bushel aud
gallon'' estimate of the production and wealth
of the South, with a foolish rhodoinoutade,
from which we extract the following most sin
gular exposition of political economy we hare
cvor met with:
Auy observant American, from whatever (Wlut of the
conijMihS lie may hull, who will uke tlio trouble lo pa?
through ihe Southern maricets, both great au.1 small, ;u
we have done, and inquire where this article, that an<l the
other came from, wilt he utterly astonished at the varioty
ami quantity of Northern agricultural productions kept for
sale. Aud this state of things U growing wore and
worse every year. Kxelusively agricultural as the South
is in her industrial pursuits, she is barely ahle to sup
port tier sparse and degenerate population. Her tnen
and tier domestic animals, both dwarfed into shabby ob
>cts of commiseration under the blightiug elfects of
slavery , are constantly feeding on the multilarious pro
ducts of Northern soil. Aud it the whole truth must be
told, we may here add that these products, like ull other
articles oi merchandise purchased at the North, are gene
rally bctignt ou credit, and, iu a ureal number ot in
stances, by far too many, nevpr paid for ? not, as a general
rule, because the purchasers are dUhon?&t or unwilling to
pay . but because they are impoverished aud depressed
by tlio retrogressive .iud deadeuing operations of slavery .
that most uuprotiUiblo aud pernicious institution under
which they live.
lu this case the witness, like too many others
who have goDe upon the stand to support an
unbound cause, proves too much. He ac
knowledges his astonishment at the variety and
quantity of Northern agricultural productions
sold at the South, but which are never paid
for, not because the purchasers are dishonest,
but because they are impoverished and de
pressed " by the retrogressive and deadening
operations of the institution under which they
live." Now there is not a merchant, trader,
farmer, manufacturer or ship owner, from the
capes of Delaware to Paasamaquoddy, but
knows that, as class, the merchants and tra
ders of the South are the safest and best pur
chasers that come from a distance to buy in our
Eastern markets. It is patent, too, to every
sensible man in the community, that when the
crisis came upon us in 1857, ripping up the
bubble of Eastern and Northern expansion, it
was the trade of the South that saved thou
sands upon thousands of our merchants from
bankruptcy then, and which first set the
wheels and hammers of our manufactories
again in motion. The trade of the great
Northwest was as rotten as punk .at that
time, and has not yet entirely recovered a
sound condition. But the South for the last
twenty years has never failed in its payments
to the North, and instead of getting large
amounts of agricultural productions aud
of manufactures on a credit which is
never paid, there is not a Northern merchant
or producer of any kind but would be glad to
day to sell to the South twice as much of North
ern products as he now sells.
Even Helper cannot but confess the magni- I
tude of the Southern consumption of Northern
productions, and yet he is foolish enough to
argue that the North should destroy the South
by an aggressive and agrarian invasion of its
social institutions. The first effect of such a
policy as Helper and his sixty-eight black re
publican Congressional backers recommend
would be to destroy the great Southern market
for Northern productions, which he acknow
ledges exists. Such a result would throw hack
upon the Northern market the surplus of pota
toes, onions, apples, corn, hay, butter and
cheese, which Northern' farmers now sell la the
South, and the innumerable fabrics of cotton,
linen, wool, leather, metal, glass, clay, <fcc.,
which it now takes from Northern workshops.
Helper and his helpers may not be able to fore
see what effect such a closing of the Southern
markets would have upon the North; tmt there
is not a banker, merchant, or any other man of
common sense, who does not see that it would
affect values of all kinds, and produce a greater
financial revulsion here than has ever before
been experienced.
We do not believe that the North is so blind
as to permit such agrarian incendiaries as
Helper and his abolition associates to lead it
into the adoption of their aggressive policy
against the South, and are confident that the
common sense and patriotism of the conserva
tive masses will save us from such a catas
trophe. But the agitation which these fanatics
in the North are getting up is fast driving the
South into the adoption of certain principles of
political economy, which will eventually de
stroy the Southern market for Northern pro
ductions. Already the idea of industrial inde
pendence is rife there, and efforts are being
begun to stimulate local efforts in production
and manufacture. Cotton mills are on foot,
forges and foundries set up, workshops of all
kinds opened, and a general public feeling is
being created to use or consume no one thing
not grown on Southern soil, or'manufactured
on a Southern water privilege or by a Southern
steam engine. Direct trade with foreign coun
tries is a thing easily accomplished by the
South, for we have been able to concentrate it
at the North only through the ease, frequency
and friendliness of our communications with
the South .
Fc-r such an economical policy the South is
eminently independent of the North. She
need not rely on us for the raw materials ?
such as cotton and wool, timber and ores,
hides and earths ? nor for the products
which are now necessaries in civilized life ?
such as the cereals, sugar, and tobacco. She
has them ail within herself, ana should she be
driven into forcing an economical policy like
that which -eparates the contiguous nations of
Europe from each other, she will rtinl it of
easier accomplishment than ev?.r has before
been found. On the day that she does this the
North will become tributary to the South. and
it will puzzle Northern economists to find
wherewith to pay tor tb* Southern productions
which we must buy ? snch as sugar and tobacco,
cotton and naval stores. These :?re now paid
for in "Yankee Notions." which ran either be
produced or substituted by Southern industry.
Sufcb a policy in the domestic political economy
of the Cnion would <ti ike a severe blow at its
industrial propre--. and the great ' fleets would
be felt, not in the South, but in the North.
The fueling that v.-iV prompt tl> ?us >nds of our
citizens to gather to night at 'k- Academ V of
Mtinic springs from this conviction, and it i*
one that requires something mote than empty
declamation. We must bare a conservative
organization, and men must prepare for action
in support of the constitution and the lights of
all sections of the Union.
The Civil Wai: is ihk Aiku.m ink Comkos
kation. ? It will have been wen, by the des
patched which we published yesterday, and
by the additional news bronght by the
Yanderbill, and published this morning,
that the advatnuge gained by Urquiza in
forcing the. channel of Martin Garcia, an
nounced some days since, has been fol
lowed by an importunt land victory, which
has enabled him to advance upon Buenos
Ayres. The island of Martin Garcia com
mands the channel through which the Uru
guay and the main branches of the Parana
empty into the La I'lata. It was supposed to
protect effectually the entrance of the upper
wateis, all veBsels of more than eight feet
draught being compelled to pass within pistal
shot of its shore. The six steamers fitted out
at Montevideo by Urquiza not only forced
Iheir passage thfough, but dismantled one of
the forts, and then effected a junction with the
'our other vessels of the Argentine squadron
higher up, thus obtaining the command of the
entire river to its mouth. This advantage led
to au immediate contlict between the land
forces of the two governments, which were en
camped on the borders of Buenos Ayres. The
result was the complete defeat and demoraliza
tion of the Buenos Ayres troops, and their re
treat on the town. At the last accounts
I'rquiza was marching upon the latter, so that
the question between him and his opponents
may be regarded as definitively settled. It is
not likely that, now that he has obtained the
supreme control of the upper and lower waters,
and of the open country to its walls, the city
will make any serious effort at resistance.
Thus Buenos Ayres is reaping the just re
ward of her own perfidious and grasping
policy. In this contest she has pursued the
same course which under Rosas proved so sui
cidal to her interests. By seeking to concen
trate all the trade of the Confederation in her
own port, to the exclusion of other places
equally entitled to it, she gave to Ilosario all
the importance that it now possesses, and de
feated the very object that she had in view,
inasmuch as duties, the same as on foreign ar
ticles, are now levied there on all goods im
ported from or through Buenos Ayres. The
hostility to Urquiza, which has been put forth
as a pretext for the secession of the latter
State, was never at any time the real motive
that influenced its advocates. That step was
dictated mainly by a desire to monopolize all
the commercial advantages that were expected
to be gained by making Buenos Ayres the port
of entry for the rest of the Confederation, and
compelling the other States to submit to the
ascendency thus obtained. Urquiza, who over
turned Kosas and put an end to his selfish and
tyrannical policy of commercial aggrandize
ment. is onco more master of Buenos Ayres,
and will compel its people to recognise the
just claims of their co-confederates. If he
should infiict a little wholesome chastisement
upon them, the world will not feel much sym
pathy for their distresses.
Thk Union Ferrt Schkmk ? Man<euvres oh
tiik Monopolists. ? If the law's delays occasion
ally press hardly upon the honest suitor, it
must be admitted that they are sometimes con
ducive to the ends of justice. But for the in
junction granted against the sale of the ferry
leases, the monopolists who are in the present
enjoyment of them would be rejoicing over the
results of their underhand scheming and corrup
tion. There never was, perhaps, a more impu
dent attempt to sacrifice the public interests
for the benefit of a few individuals than has
been made in this case. Without a decent pre
text of any sort, without a word of defence
against the grave charges that have been
brought against them, these persons have gone
on silently plotting and buying up every ob
stacle that stood in their way. Even when,
through a show of decency, a committee was
appointed by the Board of AldermAi to repovt
upon the expediency of complying with the
memorial of the Brooklyn people, their influ
ence succeeded in suppressing the report. We
know not by what agency this was effected,
but the persons appointed by the Board are,
we think, bound in duty to their own charac
ters to come forward and explain the reasons
why no steps were taken to give effect to the
agreement at which the joint committee of con
ference had arrived.
If ever there was a case in which the pro
crastinating resources of lawyers could be just
ly intei^osed it is in this. The sale of the
leases has been postponed to Wednesday next
merely, the monopolists being in hopes
that by that time, and on an exparte application,
they will, without notice being given, succeed
in getting the injunction dissolved. We trust
that Judge Ilogeboom will appreciate the im
portance of the public principles involved in
this question, and refuse to facilitate the cor
rupt objects which the monopolists have in
view. There can be no rational argument put
forward for haste in its decision, for the ferry
leases do not expire for sixteen months longer,
and no honeBt interest can be damaged by
delay. On the other hand, by forcing on the
sale at present, without a limitation of the fares
to a fair paying point, a great wrong and op
pression will be inflicted on a community who
demand no more than is just and reasonable,
and who are quite willing that the Union Com
pany shall have the leases if they will only be
content with the usual profits upon invest
ments of this kind. It is to be hoped, therefore ,
that the Court which has granted this injunc
tion will carefully weigh any representations
that may be brought to bear on it to induce it
to facilitate the premature sale of these leases.
With the full delay which the law accords in
such proceedings, this iniquitous combination
may yet be defeated, and tbe public protected
against a monstrous imposition.
Organization of tiik Hotsk. ? If the republi
cans are as desirous of arriving at a speedy or
ganization of the House as they pretend to be,
why do they not select some other candidate
for Speaker from their ranks, who will have a
better chance than Sherman'.' They ought, not
to expect that a man who i* so nbnoxiom to
the majority ns he is will unite the number of
votes requisite to his election. A candidate
who has endorsed Helper's book can be ac
ceptable to no national man of any party, and
they should, therefore, fix upon some other
member of th'.ii body who has 'lot tbat stigma ?
attached to bim. This is the only practical
way of testing their sincerity. Whit is the
reason that the republicans shrink fro* it f
Abolition Fanaticism *m tub Stoc* af'
cha&'cik. ? The quotations of Southern Stat*
Btocks on our Stock Exchange at the present
time, compared with the rates quoted previous
to the Harper's Ferry insurrection may, per
haps, be taken as a fair indication of the
?effect which that assault upon the interests
and rights of the South has produced
> upon the capitalists of the North. Referring
to their quotations, we have made oat three
lists: one showing the rates of Southern stocks
from the 11th to the 15th of October, immedi
ately before the Brown foray upon Virginia;
another immediately after that event, from' the
20th to the 29th; and another on Saturday last,
after the final act of the tragedy had been con
summated by the execution of Brown's fou*
companions at Charleetown, The following to
the result: ?
Oct. 16. Od. 39. Dec. If.
Virginia 8'g 04X 9i\ 93 *
Missouri fl's 84?, 86 83*
Tennoeeee 6'a 89K 90 ?
North Carolina tj's.. . .90% ? 97
Here we perceive that Virginia State stocks
and those of Missouri alone have experi
enced a very slight depression at the last quo
tation, and none at all while tha Harper's
Ferry excitement was at its height, while those
of Tennessee and North Carolina have risen
since that affair. These facts, we think, go
very far to show that the capitalists of New
York feel confident of the power and will
of the great conservative element of the coun
try in a crisis like the present. One of the
chceriug signs of the times is that the course of
financc is not disturbed by the mad pranks of
the fanatics and trading politicians.
INTERESTING FKOM WASHINGTON.
The Struggle Tor the Speakership? Trea
sury Ekiimatea for the Flwal Year? The
Mexican Treaty? Indiana Delegates to
the Charleston Convention? The Senate
Printing- The Clerk of the House, Ac.
OUR SPECIAL WASHINGTON OKSPATCH.
Washin?to.n, Doc. 18, 1859.
TOR SPKAKKRSliiP.
It is reported to d?y thai five uuti Ixicompton men bar a
agreed to vote for Miles Taj lor for Speaker, if l?y so doing
they can elect him. Those, with twenty three South
Americans, will give him a majority ovor Sherman.
There arc six or eight of the latter, hiwever, who har?
thus far refused to give in thoir adhesion.
There has been no change in the programme for Speak
er which will affect Mr. Sherman. Tho democrats may
exchange Mr. Bocock off for Mr. Taylor of Louisiana, in
the hope of winning some of the Sooth Americans, be
cause Mr. Taylor is Raid to be opposed to Mr. Buchanan.
This will not satisfy the South Americans, inasmuch as
Taylor is a Lecompton man, which is the* obnoxious point
to them. They may dislike Mr. Buchanan, but they hato
Lecompton. The exchange, therefore, will not pay. Tho
friends of the administration WiMpppote the c lunge, oa
the ground that it is a reflection upon the President to
bring forward one of his declared enemies as an available
candidate.
Tbe disposition of the democracy to refuse the plurality
rule is unchanged, and creates a bitter feeling of indigna
tion on the port of the mail contractor s. They are making
a severe pressure. The answer to their appeals is some
times made that the Post Oillce Department h an been car
ried on for more than six months without money, and
can go on m the same manner for a while longer.
Some members are very anxious to go home Christmas
and New Year, but cannot see any way how they can
enjoy that luxury in tbe present disorganized state of af
fairs.
Tho members of the House of Representatives cannot
get their pay till a Speaker Is elected ? his warrant on tho
Treasury being necessary for that purpose. In the mean
time, however, Mr. (llossbrc-nner, Sergeant at- Arms of
tho last House, has advanced t3 various members sums
amounting in the aggregate to forty or fifty thousand dol
lars, which he has generously raised on bis individual
credit.
While this delay is going on, Mr. Allen, who
suddenly finds himself the presiding officer of the
greatest deliberative body In the world, tbe Doorkeeper,
Sergeant at- Arms, Postmaster and tbeir subordinates, and
he pages selected by the last Congress, are having a good
time at the expense <jf tho government.
thk cj.krkship.
Forney has the inside track for Clerk of the House, If
it is ever organized. The republicans seem quite (diffe
rent whether the democrats will allow It to organize or
not. They say the democrats are doing a good business
for republicanism.
TIIK HBNATR COMMIT EE*.
The Senate caucus yesterday agreed to the report of the
sub-committee in the arrangement of committees, and
they will be reported and voted for in Senate to morrow.
It is understood that a pretty sharp debate will follow
tbeir announcement.
TI1K MWATK pw.vriNd.
There will be a Senatorial caucus of democrats to-mor
row morning, when It is said the contest wiU be between
Bowman and Wendell for Printer, and it is believed that
Wendell will beat Bowman, although the latter has tbo
influence of tbe Executive. Wendell Is quite sanguine of
success. Should he succeed, with that prestige he will
stand a better chance of controlling tho printing of the
departments.
MH. VAIXAKDir. HAM'S 8PSECH.
The republicans are making the best possible use of Mr.
Vallandigham's speech, as reported in the New York
Hkiui.d, declaring that it lg the only accurate one publish
ed. They are sending it into his district.
OmCK SEKEKKS Ut AVISO FOR HOME.
Some of the candidates for offices under the prospective
incoming administration of the House arc leaving in a
hopeless condition. This will Reduce the demand for and
price of liquors.
ESTIMATES FOR THK FISCAI. YBAR.
The estimates for the next fiscal year will not exceed
sixty millions ol dollars, a reduction of twenty millions as
compared with Pierce's administration, and about seveu
millions less than those of last year. Tins great reduc
tion is almost entirely due. to the persistent efforts an t
watchfulness of Mr. Buchanan.
IXMANA DELEGATES TO TUK CBAHI.KSTO.V ('INVENTION.
Intelligence was revived here to day that Iudiana had
fleeted her delegates to the Charleston Convention, and
instructed !h?m to vote for Douglas. This is a decided tri
umph over Bright and Filch, and secures the entire
Northwest to tbe Ultle Giant.
THK MEXICAN TREATY.
Oar government has received no authentic iatell'geaee
that the Mexican treaty bos been negotiated ; neither has
the Mexican Minister any Intelligence upon the subject,
notwithstanding Senor I^rdo had written to a gentleman
in this city that since his arrival the Juarez governm 'ut
had yielded the points in dispute.
IMPORTANT TO PRIXRRS AND PritLHIfKKS.
The Post Office Department states, for the information of
aditors, subscribers and postmasters, that the method of
addressing newspapers to subscribers by attaching to
each copy of the paper a printed slip, containing. In, addi
tion to the name of the subscriber, the date when Us sub
scription expires, and In some cases the amount duo
thereon ? matter which forms no part ot the addross, and
is neither a bill nor a receipt ? is a violation of postal laws,
and subjects each copy so addressed to letter postage.
TO* PjUXHO RAI1.H<MI> DILI.
Senator Gwin will introduce tomorrow kis Pacific Rail
road bill.
eoxsri. to vavjik.
The President will send to the Senate to morrow tho
name ?f Francis A firund as Consul t? Havre. AppUc su
ltans for this plaeo have bean very numerous, and tbo
struggle very animated.
Mr. Figanerfo, the Portuguese MValster, is here onbnsi
n?s conncctcd with the Xepartmeat of State.
The weekly California, mail from New Orleans vi?
Texas is resigned undo? the Giddlogs and Wood nAnagti
meat, as t/irutolore.
Death of R*v. Dr. Mop*.
PitMTTOH, N. J., Deo. 14, 18a'?.
I'.Oflr. Or. M R. Hope, Professor of Belles lrttitrs, dto4
sii'lJeuly yesterday at eleven A. M.
Ariirsl of the Anmrtra.
Hwtiin, Iter. 1H , 1MB
' The f'nn ird steamship A merles, ft >m 1 ,1 vorpool rt*