The New York herald. [volume], December 08, 1869, Page 13, Image 13

About The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920

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INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.
Report of tho secretary
v b J. D. Cox.
\
Pupaktmiint or run nwtroa, i
WA-uiiNurn.y, Nov. it, hud. J
Silt?lo presenting ? a atement o( Ue publto bual
?ass of this department lor m? last fiscal year, I
?hallfollow tut us..ai custom of making an exhibit of
tbe tUVubol ttie bureaus, aud adding such
recommendations is ilie good of the service seeuis to
Wqnlr* should be carried into eirect.
I f'?" submit tuo re,juris of tuo several benevolent
wad correctional lustuutious whioh are under the
aupervision of this department, and are wholly or
partly dependent upoa governmental support, to
gether with such iiiiormaLiou concerning various
public works comiuituid to lis charge as the records
?ad flies furnish.
PUBLIC LANDS.
During tho last fiscal year pulilio landa were dis
posed of ae follows: ? Arret
Cash sale* ? ?!nai?
Taken for homestead
Crania to railioaus mid wagon roails 710,709
Approved to statej us swamp.. 4t&,io?
Located with miluary warrant* 449,780
located with col e?o scrip
located with ladiuu serial **< -aw
Total
A quantity greater oy 1,010,40# acres than was dla
posed of the previom year.
Then miber of aires entered under tlie Homestead
taw was greater iy tjj.wl titan that ol the prece
ding year.
The surveys In 111 teen surveying districts embraced
10,822,290 acres.
The oash receipts from all sources amounted to
$4,472,880, a Bum greater by $2,840,140 tnan was re
solved the previous year.
The total expenses of the General Land Office
and the seveuty-three district offices amounted to
$463,816. *
congress appropriated $10,000 for the continuance
Of the geological suivey of the Territories of the
Colled States by Professor Hat den.
Be was instructed by tne department to dlreot his
Attention especially to the geological, mlneraio
gloal and agricultural resources of the Territories of
Colorado and New Mexico, ascertain the age, order
01 succcaaion, relative position, dip and comparative
thickness of the dlderent strata and geological
formations, and exutn.ne with care all the beds,
Veins and other deposits of ores, coals, clays, marls,
peat and other unuerai substances, as well as tne
fossil remains of the dlilcrcnt formations.
Be entered on his labors In the Held the last of
Juneat Cheyenno, Wyjimug Territory. His route
was through Denver, tne silver and gold mining
legion of Georgetown and central City, tho Middle
Park, Colorado City uud Fort Union to Santa F6, re
turning through the bun Luis Valley aud south Park
to Denver. Tue exploration, though brief and rapid,
qras eminently successiui, and the collections in
(oology, mineralogy, botany and isoology were ex
tensive. Ills prelmiiuury report bears date ootober
J#. It is accompanied by two otuer reports made to
tlm by Ills assistants- one on mines and mining, the
other on agriculture, 'l ucbo papers are a valuable
contribution to our know edge of tne subjects which
tliey embrace, ana merit careful perusal.
l'A.KNT OJ'llCK.
Daring the year euam^ ouih September, 1869,
19,^60 applications lor patents, Including reissues
and designs, a,?8d caveais, uud |5j applications ior
the extension of patents, were rtied; 13,70- patents,
Including reissues and uesigns, were issued, 126 ex
tended. uud suu allowed, i.ut not issued by reason of
the non-payment oi tne tina. lee.
on the 1st day oi otto..or, in68, the unexpended
balance of the appropriation was $117,24?. 'luo ap
propriations suobvuu any made amounted to
a7T2,tfi8, making an a^ie^ate of $889,207. The ex
penditures since turn uaws nave been $172,462, leav
big on hand an avai au e uataiice of $ii0,s<ja.
During said yeur we iCis received were $213,926 in
excess or tlieexpeuditu.es. Tim exhibit tarnishes
a gratifying coiiirasi to tuat oi tue precellng year,
Vruen the expendituios exceeded the receipts $171.
The appropriation os*e i lor lor tho aext fiscal
'The otttoe' now publishes n weekly list of claims,
'Which is furuishen to subscribers at nve dollars per
annum. It is believed tna<. oy the ensuing year tne
receipts will cover tho entire cost of tue work. This
list, published stuiu.t ,neou?i* witn tno issue of tne
patents, serves an tne uuiposea of the annual roport,
ivnlch is not issued uuii> two years later, la order
Mat the public and tue e-uunuing corps may have
aocess to the draw ins* oi lue oillce 1 recommend an
appropriation for pr.utiug copi.a. Tne expense
SO occa?ioned tan be reimbursed, If the Coni
pnssioner be autiiorxietl to iua?.e sale of them
and apply so inuou os tue proceeds thereof
gd may oe necessary. U lie could sell copies of (he
patent aud oi tue araiviu^s at cheap tales to those
s*Uo desire tliem. aud place copies in the state capi
tals and great commercial centres, more complete
Information of tne aciioa of tue bureau thau Is now
furnished by the ie.?oit would oe promptly dissemi
nated, and an annual expenditure of $?oo,ooo of tno
public luouey svoioe-i.
My luimediaie prcd :cessor, In each ol his annnal
reports, urged the repeat ol a4 laws which autnor
l/.ttd an appeal Irom tue decision of the Commis
sioner ol luteins oa applications lor letters patent
and in interference caacs. me reasons lie presented
are. In my opinion, u.car and unanswerable. It is,
Indeed, believed taut it was the inten
tion of Congress to abolish such an appeal
toy the act of 18J1. No muuilon is made
oi it in the provision for appeals or in the new
ocbednio of fees tiioitoy established. It has, bow
ever, been hold ttiut prior ucis which authorized
auch an appeal are btm in iorce, aud mat the right
tnereto sun exists, n tuelr purpose was to secure
uniformity In ti?e administration of iho ? patent laws
It has signally failed. Tne appellants may select
Cither oi tue lour members of me Supreme v ourl ol
the Distnot to hear and ueterniiue the case; and
from his decision no un.eai lies to the ooun in bank.
Tne Commissioner, in a i>uper addressed to me, rep
resents that, as a natural cotiMtiueuce o( tbe appeal
aud of tiie lee cluiiu.M i^r acting upon It, tbe judges
liave, witnout autuoruy Horn Congress, ssaumert to
?xteud tneir Jurisdict ou to bis pureiv ministerial
duties, and to inieiiero w.tu his uischarge ol them.
Decisions have been inane on the proj>er date of let
ters patent., the allowance oi auicudiuents, the Issue
l>f double patents lo an inventor und bis assignee,
and on otuer que.,nous oi a like cuaracter. The
practical wonting oi uni asserted superv.sory con
trol over tne doings ol tno commissioner lias been,
upon the whole, injurious, consistency of decisions
and of administration mis not been attained. Con
troversies and litigation as to the extent of relative
Jurisdiction have uusou, mid tue usefulness of the
office, in its attempts to protect tne public against
Imposition, has beeu essentia ly impaired.
lK.SIUNd.
At the (late of the ,ust annual report the name of
but one Revolutionary soiuter, Daniel F. iiaxeuiun,
remained ou the pension rulis. He has since died.
Of the pensioned widows of soldiers in the Revo
lutionary war tneie survive:?One of those married
prior u> 178.), nny-iour 01 those married between
1783 and 17D4, tnirtymirhi 01 taose married between
1794 and lsoo and 7Wb of those married since 1800?
?87 in all. and only cue lest than tue preceding year.
There INMttofomtM names or LM widows
and children of soidieis who served in the wars sub
fquenl to the Kevoiauou and prior to that of 1361?
? decrease of live mice the last annual report Tlie
number of Invalid pensioners wuo served in said
Wars is *2,360.
Daring the past year there were examined and
allowed 7,X2u new app icailoiis for invalid pensions
of aohlie-s, at an aiureuaie annual rate of ?4ii8,i4i,
?nd 2.W0H applications lor mcicased pension of
Invalid soldi rs, at an auuual aggregate
rate of $i<M,7u8. During tne same period
V>,6UA original pensions to widows, orphans
and dependent reiutives ot soldiers were
? lowed, at an aggregate annual rate of
f 1.677,211; and 11,9M application* ny tue same elatu
lor Increased pay wi re also admitted, at a total an
diial rate of $7*i4,f>4!(. On the .uitn Juuo, isfly, there
were on toe tolls si,670 invalid militury pensioners,
Whoae yeariy pensions amounted to $7,382,8114, and
Id.i,641> widows, orphans au<l dependent relatives of
?oldiers, whose yearly pennons amounted to
$ii,6i>7,87i>, malting tuo toini aggiei/ate of army peti
tioners 186,136, at aioiol annual raw of $ao,v(0,483.
Tlie whole amount paid during the last fiscal year to
Invalid military pensioners w:is #?,3?.:,7i4; to
widows, orpnans und dopenfleut relatives,
f is,bo >,163? a h1 n'>d tutaiof t I,v.'AHM. wined in
cludes tne expenses of tue disbursing agencies.
During tne same yo.tr there were admitted 173
Hew applications lor uivaud navy pensions, at an
annual rate of tld,23ii; flity-scven application* for
Increased pensions of the name class, at an annua)
aggregate of $2,808; MM origin u application* of
Widows, orpnans and dependent leistives of those
Who died in tue uavy, at an aggregate rate of
?27,fiio por an:mm, ati'l 101 pensions of the same
?lass were increased, at a total juarlvrate of $4 7*8.
On tho ;toth of June, WW, Ihe roils of the navy
Benalonurs i,?ra tue names oi 1,1180 Invalids, at
?n annual aggregate of $118,171, and l,f>M
widows, orphan* and dependent relatives, at an
aggregate annual rate or Ihe aniouut
during Uie iiml fiscal year to navy invalids was
126,040, and to widows, orphans and depemlout
.. .?im( ('r i and seamen of the navy
f.i04,-M>?a total siuounioi Mao, u 18.
During the year tuoiu were added to the nnniber
or pensioners, or an elates, 2;i, iwfl; tiiera- wera
dropped, irom various causae, 4,876-ieaving on the
roils Juno J0, lsou, lsj,8rt.i. m? total huiu jiiI p ud
for peaslona, oi all eiassea, Including the expenses
or disbursement, was tuMlLUM, a sum greater by
f4,411,pi)'J than ihat paul Uie previous jear
?sIoSTaTrtS! 1,M6? U?un" '*uU "?"??? issued for
It is estimated that, exclusive of the amount
fhaigeaoia to uia uavy uanaiuu fuu4, l?o,t*>o,i>oo
m be reiu^ed (or the p?naloa aervlce during the
next fiscal rear. .
Investigations made during the pMt snmmer hjvt
proven the commission of verr uumerom irauds in
procuring laise testimony, bj nuan* of which cer
tificate* of pension i have been wrongfully obtained.
Diligent etforts arc being made to bring the offen
ders 10 Justice, but tno mode of appointing and pay
ing pension agents and medical examiners should
be channel, wltn a view to lnoreasing their
efficiency as aid* to theomoe la protecting the gov
ernment against fraudulent claim*.
TUe pension itgcnH an now untitled to a per
centage upon the amount of money disbursed or
tu'em. In mr judgment this is tuecsact opposite of
tne true rule In such cases. The govornineut may
ho benefited by paving collecting ottloers a percent
sire on their collections, since their vigilance Is slim
uhLU'ii ta .tnat wav; but to increase the officer's com
nut'on in ita ratio of the amount disbursed, is to
iiiuko u tjfg interest to oe blind to frauds which
tend to increaav" the payments to be made by hlin,
und his own con#.?qncut Prollt. ' recommend,
tuereiore, that Uio salaries or the several pension
ugents r/enxed at the amount actually paid them
during the past fiscal year, and that the slidiug
scale, deneudent upon disbursements, be abolished.
Under the present laws examining surgeous are
anointed from the medical men resldeut in the
various districts ol the country. They examiue the
applicants for [.ensiou iu tueir own nelghoorhooa.
such applicants paying the lee thoreior, wiilch Js
repaid to the applicant if the pension is finally
iji anted. Under thin ruio the feelings of ft >od neigh
borhood, the disposition to lavor a irlend, and me
desire 10 extend uis own practice by increasing *??
nounlaritr all tempt the examiner to bo lax,
and there Is conclusive evidence tuat '??j! '?J1*'
uas greatly and Improperly increased pension
roil and the consequent burdens of taxation, I
tiierefure recommend that a s u m c le n tn umo er or
medical omcers be permanently atwched to tue
reus ion Office, to make tue required examinations
of invalid pensioners, as well as ot applicants tor
invalid pensions or an Increase of rate, andl tnait the
lees now paid for auch examinations be turned into
aiund for paying proper salaries to such med.cal
examiner*.
INPIAN AFHAIBS.
Tim problem* preseuted tir our relations to tne
Indian tribes wnich still innaoit portions or the
\> estern.States and Territories are every year mat
jujr more imperative demands lor a nxeu geueini
policy that simll give soinc reasonable probability of
an early ami sausiactory solution.
The completion of ono oi the great lines of rail
way to the l'acitlo coast has totally changed the con
ditions under wnlcu tue civilized population of tne
country come in contact with the wild tribes.
Instead ol a alowly advancing tide of migration,
making iu gradual inroads upon the ciroumier
ence of tne gieat interior wilderness, toe
very centre of tue -desert has been pierced.
Kvery station upon tho railway has become
a nucleus for a civilized settlement, and a base
irom which i neflof exploration for both miueral and
agricultural wealth are pustied in every direction.
Dally trains are carrying thousands of our citizens
and untoid values ol merchandise across the Conti
nent. and must be protected from the danger of
having hostile tribes on either side of the root#. The
range of the buffalo lk being rapidly rejtrlcied, and
tue chase Is becoming an uncertain reliance to tn#
Indian for the sustenance of his family. If no is in
want he will roo, as wnite men do in tne lute circum
stances, and robbery is but the beginning of war, In
wulcb savage Dai bar.ties and retaliations soon
cause a err of extermination to oe raised along tue
w hote frontier.
It has long been the policy of the government to
require of tue tribes most neany tn coutaot with
white settlements that tuey should fix their abodo
upon definite reservations and abandon the wauder
lng life to which tuey bad been accustomed, lo
encourage them in civilization large expenditures
have been made in furiiisulug thorn with the means
of agriculture and witu clothing adapted to tueir
new mode oi die. . ? ..
A new policy is not so much nceoed as an en
larfteil and more eniigtoteiici] application of the gen
eral principled ol tue old ouo. Wo aro novr In con
tact with all the aboriginal tribes withia our borders,
und cau no lonner assume that wo may, even lor a
tune, leave a <argo part ol them out oi the operation
ol our as stem. . ?
I understand this policy to look to two objoots:?
First, the location of tno Indians upon fixed
reservations, so tnat tno pioneers and settlers mar
be need from tho terrors of wandering hoa.ue
tribes; and, second, an earnest effort at their civld
zution, so that they may themselves be elevated in
the scale of humanity aud our obligation to Uiein as
Idlew-men be discuargeu.
In carrying out this policy a great practical dim
culty lus arisen from the /act that in
most instances a separate reservation was
given to eacn trloo. Thcso reservations
nave been ?urronnded and graduailr invaded
by the wnite settlers, aud tue Indians crowded out
of tlielr homes and forced to negotiate for a new
settlement, because their presence, thetr habits aod
their manners were dutastelul to their now and
mors powerful neighbors.
It Is believed that tlie only remedy for this condi
tion of things is to encourage the Indians to assem
ble upon larger reseivaclous, where their numbers
will bo aggregated, and whero tne more civilize 1 of
them will influence the others In striving to progress
In the arts of peace. Congress has already passed
an at t to enable tue clvuued lndiaus of the ludiau
Territory, proper.y so cahed, to lorin a
general organization, with most of the ele
ments of a territor.ai government; but the requisite
appropriations oi money have not been made to
carry the plan Into euecL I would earnestly recom
mend that no lurtner delay be made in ihis matter.
The associated tribes, or which the ciieroKoes havo
taken the lead, are those best tilted for a lulier ex
periment in self-government. They aro already
familiar with most oi tne lorins of executive, loeis.a
tive and judicial action in use among us, and l be
lieve them weil prepared to dispense with the tuie
la,rc ol our agents, il they may nave a delegate of
their own upon tue floor ol the House of Itepresenta
tive* to speak lor tbein. bom tuey aud we are suf
fering for tne lacx of such direct representation.
Tne white constituencies which are nearest to
them are the ones of ail the nation whose inuresis
are most in opposition, and whuse personal tenden
cies are most hostile to tneirs. The representatives
ol such constituencies would bo more than human
if they were not influenced by this fact. Keprejen
tation cuosen oy the trioes themselves and responsi
ble to themselves is the only mode of maniug the
country acquainted Willi their condition aud witu our
obi,gations to mem. In such a territory the tribal
organization would wsdy morue luto the couutjr,
and ihe territorial legislature would not be very dif
ferent irotn tho graud councils at present In voguo
among them.
The Indians north of tfio Platte river are not yet
prepared Tor a slindar concentration; but tho time
cannot be far distant when two or three principal
Indian territories may properly embrace all tne
trioes east of the Kooky Mountains. Without such
a system they wdl inevitably go through tho old pro
cess ol being tlrst surrounded and then overwhelmed
and destroyed br the white immigration. As they
advance iu intelligence they will need no urging to
adopt this plan, lor they will see as plainly as wo
tuat the existence of tueir race depends upon it.
1 lie same policy of concentrating tno tribes will
apply to thj country west ol tne liocky Mountains,
and will be equally necessary whenever aud wher
ever the leuds existing among tUsrn can be so tar
nettled mat thej con live together in peaceiul neigh
borhood, Upon sucn permanent re orvationr farms
nuould be allotted lu severalty as soon as any dispo
sition to agriculture is awakened, aud every induce
ment oilerod to stimulate the <iesiru lor property ol
u n xed charactcr.
i tie lata peace commission negotiated treaties
wiui all tne principal tabes east oi the Kocky Moun
tains, and were uuulcJ 111 ihjir action by the ge.ierai
views stated above, which indeed may be said to
have ueoa accepted oy all disinterested peraoni who
havo had an opportunity of examining the subject,
'i no treaties wore duly ratltled and so became the
solemn compact between tno United States and
those tribes. It Is deoply to be regretted that apeciUo
apnropruuons were not made to carry out sirictly
tne terms of thn treaties; for, although the general
appropriation of $-4000,000 has been used as far
as possioie In the fullliment of tue obliga
tions incurred, the Commissioner of Indian Affairs
has boon met at every step by distrust of the good
faith of the government, and ail promises regarding
the future have been douotlngly received and an
swered by the Inquiry?what agreement could be
more bluding than that made under the authority of
U.ingress by srt distinguished persons as tue ambas
sadors of tno United Status? Everything attending
tne pence coratuwsun was of a nature to exoite the
imaginations of the Indians and to impress them
with the nenef that now, more than ever bolore, we
were thoroughly in earnest in our negotia
tions. 'I he disappointment is proportionally
great, and thn comparative quiet which has
been maintained throughout tne year could only
have been secured by greatly increased care and un
tiring effort on the part of the officers of the Indian
Bureau and of tne army onicers, who have 00 ope
rated with the greatest zeal In carrying out a peace
ful policy.
A savage la the last person with whom any
doubt of our exact good faith should be allowed
to remain. In dealing with him it seems quite
essential that ho should rt tut both our promises and
oar threats absolutely certain, aud so learu to invest
the government with something of the dlvlue attri
bute of Justice and omnipotence.
In the organization of the Indian Bureau Itself,
at the begiuntug of your administration, it was
deemed advisable to depart from the usual mode
of selecting and appoinuug the superintendents and
aicnts. Tne tribes in Neoraska and Kansas, and
some of those most recently place 1 upon reser
vations In the Indian territory, were pucod under
control or the members of the Society ot Friends;
the others were given in charge 01 military officers,
who were waiting orders under the laws lor tue
reduction of the army.
Trtese sweeping ensnges were mad* because It
was oeiieved tnat the puoilo opinion of the country
demanded a radical reorganization of thia branch of
the service. The selection of the officers of the army
was made partly for economical reason*, as they
were on pay though not 011 duty, and the salaries or
many civil officers could thus be saved, and partly be
cause It was believed they luriiished acorps of pm>
llc servants whose integrity and faithfulness could
?e relied upon and in whom the public were pre
pared to have conddence.
1 ne Friends were appointed not because they were
believed to have any monopoly 01 honesty or or good
will toward the Indians, but because their soiootlon
would of itself be understood by tne country to Indi
cate trie policy ndopted, namely?the sincere culti
vation of peaceful relations with thn tribes and the
choice of airenia wno did not. foi personal protlt, seok
tne sorvice, but were sought lor It because tnov
were at least deemed fit for its duties, 'lne
t*o yearly meetings of "Friends" weie asked
10 select men in whom they nad confidence,
and who might become at once the business
auenta ?f the government and r.eaions mis
sionaries of civilization. I he ponious so selected
wsi4 a,v<>iuk?d t>j you by aud witu tat adtioe and
consent or t*?a Senate, an1 although it was soo>
wnat lata in toe season when taey *cr- *eut to tliair
posts, enough baa mod seen or their labors to nuke
It certain that the mode or selection was no: ? mis
take. It la duo to these sociotiea to ?ar that tuer
hare at their own oosl soot odlcerJ or their own
oodv to inspect ttie work ol tba ag'iuts as far as it
aimed at toe civilization and instruction or the
Indians. T.io moral support and encouragement
thus given to the a.'ents must be valuable.
In accordance with the same general plan or bring
ing mural influences to oear upon the conduct of
Indian airatrs, tue present Congress authorized you
to appoint a commission or phliautnro;.ic citizens
to serve without pay la such supervisor; and vis
ional duty as mljut do assumed to tno.u. No diifl
cuItT was round la securing Hie services of men of
tbe highest character and known benevolence. Mr
an executive order they were authorize to inspect
all the acco ints and record* ol (he bureau, to bo pre
seut at the purcuases or ludiau goods aud advise as
to tnecouduc, or the same, an I 10 visit aud Inspect
the tribes in thulr reservationsand examins the busi
ness of all the agencies. TIM oiiicors of the depart
ment were also directed to give respectiui beed to
the suggestion aud reports of the commssiou. Ho
dlieci responsibility, either pecuniary or administra
tive, was put upon the commission, because it was
believed that their usefulness would not be in
creased tuerubv. * They now constitute an en*
tireiy disinterested body of intelligent adv.sera, wl n
run power to throw (he light ol the most Bearcaiug
scrutiny upou tlu conduct or our relations witu the
Indians, aud to give tue public, through their re
ports, tne most reliable knowledge of the condition
aud progress or the several tribes. , It is believed,
n.au. that the.r edorts cannot rail to stimulate tue
public conscience, aud to give greater unity and
vigor to me voluntary efforts made throughout the
couutry In tbe cause or Indian civilization?a result
ties rable in itseli, and certain to make easier aud
more satisfactory the duties of the oiiicors ol tue
bnr.aa.
'lbe adcwtstraUve efforts of the department in
this regard have, therefore, been dlrccied, Ursi, to
tue auostitution of U3W otUoera la the agencies. se
lected ny a new rule, and one winch it was beileved
would inspire puoitc confidence; and secouu, to or
ganize a reliable mode of visitation and supervision
which would give the purifying influence 011 he most
puoitc scrutinr. and the great advantage or intelli
gent and piulauliiropic advice as to tue affairs or
tribes of rollow men wuo have no more direct repre
sentation or more satisfactory way of making tueir
condition and wants known to the country
Tbe expeuence of the lust summer, Imperfect as it
has necessarily been, warrants confidence in the
system adopted, lbe report ol the Commissioner,
with tue reports 01 tho inspecting commutes and
other documents appended. show that the general
condition of tue tribes is much more peaceful tnau
wo had reason to expect. Mo general or formlthiole
hostilities nave oroseu out, aud it is believed tuat
tue influence of nearly ail the older and more expe
rienced ctuefa has beju in ravor ot peace and of
rnendiy appeals to us to carry out our treaties with
tneiu. . Small bands ol several trloes have been
guilty of pillage aud murder und have teen severe./
ana justly punished by tue troops, but eveu tue.se
collisions have uot di turbed tbe quia; of tue greater
ponton of tue ladlau couutry.
OKFIJl OK EDUCATION.
At the last session of congress the organ'zatton of
the dap irtuient or e lucatiou was ao reduced as es
sentially to change its character.
'I he commissioner has devoted his time and atten
tion?
/fr.it?To giving such udvlce, Information and as
sistance tts may oe specuically called for Of Hta.e
oil leers oi education or local trustees or instructors
ot common sctioois throughout tue countiy.
StOOnA?io prtjiiirmg and transmitting circulars
and memoirs wu.cn contalu aucu matter as ne re
gards best adapted to improve aud periect tho com
mon ac.iool education of the country; ami
r/iinf?To personally visiting schools, conven
tions, Ac., lor tue purpose or interchanging views
with professional teachers and acigurlmr or impart
ing knowledge respecting tna progress of education
and its methods.
The report for the present year will bo found to
coutain elaborate compaitsotis and analyses of the
puolio educational s> stems of Europe tue o.iurses
I of instruction, tue organization and discipline of
the various schools, and, besides the brioler circu
lars on important educational topics, which have
been issue i duung Hie year, a history or the schools
of tho District or Coiuuioia and or the general work
or the bureau it sell."
Tue enoouraixenieut of education among the freed
men or the Hou.hoin Stales, winch lias heretofore
I formed a very important part ot tue labor o> the
Freedmeu's liureau, is necessarily very cio elv allied
to toe general scope oi tho duties devolving upou
toe commissioner of Education. I would respect
fully sugnost tue propriety of uniting tho whole m
this oillco, with suitable powers aud provisions (or
fostering education and increasing intelligence
among the rece.iti.venirancbi.sed people, it woii.d
aeem that in regard to them tbe cffoiis of the Com
missioner may be ol tho utmost service by placing
at their disposal and bringing to their attention tue
methods of luanucUon winch e.vprience has de
veloped in the most enlightened portion* of the
world, and thus saviug incut lrom the alow imd
painful processor learning by their experience alone.
The wnoie country has so great a stuko in the rro
glens of those who have recently emerged from
slavery, and In t.ielr proving fit to wield the gr >at
political power now he>d by them, that no rational
edort should l>e spared to hasten tueir enlightenment
and give tuein access to the most approved m.-ani of
intellectual progress.
CKN3US.
Tbo twenty-'.bird section or an act entitled "An
act providing lor the taking of tiio seventh and sub
sequent c. njuso< of tne Unite i t>ta.es, and to Ux toe
number of I tie members of the Uutue ol Jiepres >nta
tives and provide tor their future apportionment
among tne several States," approved Ala; 23, 1-6 \
proscribes "tliat 11 no other law be paused providing
for the taking or tue elgnth or any sjbiiv.matit cen
bus of the United States, on or before the ist da/ ol
January of any year wtien, by tlie constitution ot Hie
United States, any lurtner enumeration ot the Inhab
itants thereof la required to be taken, sucn census
shall, la all tumgs, bo taken and completed accord
ing to ttie provisions of tins act." i'lie constitution:'!
provision directs the next enumeration to be made
daring the coming year, and Congress, in executing
it. win provide otocr methods it those pretcnb d by
existing legislation are deemed inadequate, i for
bear making any specific recommendation on the
subject, as a conuniicce, appointed by the iiouso of
Keprescntativcs at its last set^mn, to take into con
sideratiun such measures as uiitfiit lie deemed proper
in rcicrence to the census, and to prepare a plan,
have been actively engaged in prosecuting their in
quiries, and will, I aui luiormed, be re a ly to report
at tne commencement ot tiie approacuiiig session.
A great amount or preliminary laoor Is required in
maturing and arranging tne details or a iyor? of
such extent and variety, and in preparing and dis
tributing blanks and Instructions. Tne oovious im
possibility or coinmenoiug it until the manner of
taking tne census nua.l have been determined, odeis
a conclusive roaso-i lor the early decision of Con
gress.
Payment has been withheld from a large number
of iisniataot marshals, who rendered services in
taking the eighth census In tnoM sections of the
ci-iiniry which were subsequently in reiieilion. lue
original approbrniion* (or that census w re lung
since exhausted, and those oi a later date do not
extend to these cases. 1 recommend that provision
be made for all just claims of this description, sub
ject, however, to the Joint reso ution ot March a,
1867, wnich prohibits tne payment of auv account or
demand against tne United States to a person who,
during the rebellion, was not known to be opposed
thereto, and in tavor of its suppression.
JCmriARY.
The following statement shows the amount ad
vanced dnring the lineal year ending June 30,
to marshals of the United Mates for del ray lug the
expenses of the courts ot the United Status, includ
ing tne fees of marshals, Jurors and witnesses, tha
maintenance of prisoners and contingencies:?
Alabama $-\iwj New ilampshire |i.97J
Arkansas 04,160 New Jersey 22,2u4
California 2C6.17 New York icu.360
Connecticut.... .".^o? Nortn Carolina. 37,270
Delaware 2,416 Ohio W,B:0
District of Co- Oregon 14,107
lumbla 1814 Pennsylvania... 84,Ri)4
Florida 10,016 Rhode Island... 6,348
Georgia. 31,004 South Carolina. 3t*. a<j
Illinois 60,740 Ten 11 essej 41,U26
Indiana. 17,231 Texas 37,133
Iowa "6.HS3 Vermont I'.siO
Kansas 83,327 Virginia 25,000
Kentucky (2,420 West Virginia.. 36,347
Louisiana 34,ill Wisconsin 17,372
Maine 16,912 Colorado........ 80,970
Maryland 26,384 Dakota 23,;>:>t
Massachusetts.. 62,786 Idaho 6 046
Michigan 67,421 Montana 17,0.0
Minnesota 18,26( New Mexico.... 86.794
Mississippi. 17,("t0 Washington.... 21,6 .'1
Missouri 70,701 Wyoming 4,3.14
Nebraska 37,500
Nevada 7,333 Total $1,699,701
The amoun t paid to district attorneys, their assist
ants and substitutes for the same period was
$199,123; to United States Commissioners, (S7.7i?6;
to clerks ol the courts of the United .states, (79,608,
and lor miscellaneous expenditures, including rent
of court rooms. $109,703, making in the aggregate
(2,076,892, being $286,176 lu excess ol ma expendi
ture daring th > preceding ?ear. In addition to the
estimated receipts irnm lines, penalties and forfeit
ures (1,2)0,000 win be required lor tnis service cur
ing the next fiscal year. This sum is less by (300,000
than mat appropriated for the present year. .
Tin gnrernmout has firecie.l or purchased build
ings m several of tne districts, and appropriated
thu.n, In whoa or in part, to Judicial uses, this
wise and liberal provision has not been made in
many places where there is a large and Increasing
amount of litigation. The department, in such cases,
lias been compelled to lease private property on the
best terms that ooutd bs obtained. It veiy rarely
affords suitable apartments for court or jury rooms,
01 the other requisite accommodations. My prede
cessors have expressed tbo opinion. 111 whicn i fully
concur, that the 1eder.1i courts soun d no hem in Ore
proof buildings, especially constructed for the pur
pose by the united States combining every conve
nience for promptly transaotinz business, with the
ntmost security lor tiio preservation of the records
and (lies, lu some or the districts, courts are re
quired to sit in mere places taan the necrssntes of
tho servtco demand. This arrangement causes con
siderable expense, without auy corresponding
benefit to the litigating parties or the public.
RAI t.W AV8 ANI> W AGO It ROAD*,
The tTnlon I'acttic Hailroad ceinpanv. dnring the
fiscal year, completed io.'> miles 01 tailroad and tetu
irraplt, terminating at Promontory Summit. rue
distance thereiroro to Omaha is 1,0,S6 nines.
liio joint resolution 01 mill April, 18B9, provides:?
"That the common terminus of the Union Kacifle
and tne central Pacitlo Kaiirosds shall be at or near
Ogden; aud tin Union Pacific Railroad Company
shall build, and the central Pact lie. Kaiiroad Com
pany par for and own the raiiroaJ iro.u the ter
minus a.oiesaid to Protuoutar/ mumumo^ at wUioh
! cZuauoJ,alL'-'iU me* aad ?"UDM '?? una
JffflnSSL!" 1ormtyl on ">? 10th of Mar
vmedol aar aurora e?nt br^th*^ however, bat* a aU
^rilfcomn ,0mr to|,Sl<,"rMt,eCtU'*
traioa li*ve been nm'wiLh"*1' "uce ll,e coonectlon.
on l"? o^Lt?o?2m t So*ounrtrr*r'^V?I WP?wU
quale force lias ' a,uJ '1,141 *u ade
?ucn 'n waiing
ail respeci* equal i0 ielr r<M,i "?
furnish tue lollo win? ?? ,i? ar<1 P'Mur'oea. They
subscribed, 1:4,777 ;^- ^.?Ific]U1, ~'t'.,V'ulil ot ,WCK
receive t /rom i>a*seiiuir? rJ ^ ^
to au.h jJ,,. m July. i? a.'
*M*a,40i, ma |lu4 li'/iiih' Irom /'"'""i.
The average number or inffl? !iv ?
daring tae yt!ar waaRxitn,? U OP*1"*1*!
were l7.o42.27i aT,^ th4i' ltt0 *roa* earnings
$&,4J4.2(K leaving i? L *5e J>peratiug expeiiae*
entire cost of the roid ld nth'S'u?rs ?1,448,00a i'iio
in* unadjusted halaucs wiLh Anoi i. ' ">o?ud
or* wm 1 wu& etiKlaeers arid coutract
companr at tnat data <*;a,8jl'?amae0teau,i,w 01 lU0
P?mt^aad2r^i.tW la4t tha commissioners ap
April. i?(jj wo C ill.'i'r re"?lull<M1 approved loin of
^fcawgr; ius-sasss
wmAS SSKSB I?
?;?{5fsS?
ctCTc?s**?3^
amounting i0 fun* n/ni! ? ample.
irSry-^S
InlvMitS1"" 01 t,ie ceutral ^ciflo Railroad la
S?SS;S?
widunni T?a iew D01uls H>e euioanitinenw noed
widjnin*. There are urteen tunnels oa the roEi
The bridSe7Uind t?q?'rd 11 ai? arc"0(i w"<? wooa!
as th 0*1-on t ? Jk1""" ar? lD "ie ""me condition
tulles there are ihirt^tw^mliei of^aSow^oda' ^hl
The'^fr
j^aohiaa shops
The co.uiuib.Muaori estimate the aum rpmurmi >?
iappl/thedeacioacMtt at ?87S."j ana ?o vaiaa 0/
t^-urpma material at more than tl.uuu ouo
??Con*
day no"!fu?i0 *1*70T/i'U? 8acrameut0'"b/ihe'lw
?. unexpected success. as thisKre?; mu52!!
before"tiij?datn118 it" .Uia more taaa ??"ou 1 ears
? . dafe. It li not surprising. m vi*?r ?/
BLrucieu''tSatJ^ n .rap,tUty "au wu'^ H ,h,"
T'?r~
S1r:U\nr ? i6110^10J rrLT de^
handller'-o1^t'iB,lS:re'rat0 ,Daterl'*1 aucf equlpnieul on
hand cxceed by icM.jiO tue amount uece^air u,
iuuko tue w.ioi-; line comoriu In every respect to j?
cXnT 7 '?e 'r unJ tJ0 Jn-? "mSS or th!
Ojuutry. tnder the circaiusuuoe.<, 1 ho<l the boaur
to recommend the acceptance of tae l^t eeotioM
Ao paleuti nave bfen la^ued to tuo flrdf comua??
auU ilie iuuai ij . f *l.^JrU? ou uCZuuToTu!o
cojatruc f j nifl/i11 u,lles ?r rouu w"lc" we'?
n^,V V * "" Utfoa *?niaeld. Tae oiu^r com
u 1 ? f.vo r??t' J'aieu u covering on,/ lo-taod
"'ii tuuj be perce.veu Uat the ijovom
tne !ili?iJTUtS1#r?r0Jai t0 8JCUru lr01" 'hcco.upauies
menu pc.foimuace or tueii roa^ctue ea^uge
1 hree hnndreJ and throe-tonihs miioa of th* J
Cootrm 1 aciflc lU.irbad ox i;a7i ornla bavo beeu
couairact.,1 since tue dale of u,e iiwt anu^i repon
s ill?":?:4e,-?"u,uot- 1,10 diauucolromi i^uoXiT
a ! ! ill\ bacramento w aoc liauJrea aud uiuoiv '
r^rw uaae,tcillll!* uiiiea. TI10 PrejiUcui 01 t;io oum
pauy has uot nubaiiUoU ivrbpoit, ai roimu'ej tw ihw
,h?lotk of ta,J Kta? 1'aciUo itaiiwi?'KJ7,;
pu,.arU^Vr,:\^ilas l>t:UQ *ul>s*-'r^?d and
Ser< an'd r?ceJpUi for transportation of paa^en
v ttiia Iimih 1st beaieiuuer kai ?-.? iut
hVZti18?,kAlii.l^, aad ^'nSreananal
W iv'Z'n'. *r t0* 01 ^-OQ^'ructton, Hurvi-yn, riuut 01
Ji' 42 . P?rc:io*e i to the latier date
cornpTEZZZX:
Stock of tlie t euirai branch Onion Pacific Railroad
Company to tue amount of si.Ojj.ojj ha? o"ea huo
scribed and ?wsj e?j pjW. rue reeeipu tof t^L
^TlXCl'?eu*ari uuJ fro,'fUi [roM lat Auuast
Aot>0, tO lSt AU/ll^t. I V|ij arpra CiilQ it -J '!??. 1
^v'r /r:
$.1, <J 1, id), and the indebtedness ot tne couiuanv fur
b.rro>ved money, ramoad iron and
i>iii A?i i"1? C'tT U l>J l*?ciilo itauroad iiai b ea com
pleted and accepted. Jta len/tn u iJiiti^h
sui'scribeTif s??""/nri C1pUal *tu0,t of til0 eo??Pany
?ui;sLriUCJ Id $it^7i,0ji)f oi waiCU SI.077 J )i> m?s
puicl. lue receipts iroai tho tran^portliuou oi nm
Witu coiuiaciur.i not luciude i, wu.4 dio .#?<*
ue Uat auuu.il report or me deparimeut eighty-three
i'mu V, f ro,iJ ,lliVj out't aad acojJte 1
ctol condfillo{ia.,fr"j4ie^eu'01 ",0 ous'"e.?aud ilaan
;Sp"Si msxs jssSi I'll,; "j,
?rS?Wi"Ss
Si". ?,sc;r,,rs:;r?1'?"??
ui^'.h l!10.llVucl uollara appr.ipriatoa by an art of
tue. brwip.b:ov?'Wjffaid
rivpi- v 'r a '.J lne montliof the H,g Oneyenua
fiofn Nf/urthqr work has been dona ou tue row
Idaho I? i'* to U-wisToa^
1S87 anu In th? i i pack lrjl"? lu
a^ ? n *"? ouloioa of ine Hinipnu '
thinl fnr D0f"a2 raor? icquired, or cou>d bo I
n<ia*nMA . y*' P?rtl0D of the ivay. There i? aj
? ?expended balance of fx,ok Upp icable to mat I >. i
0 ,'tne,i^,ih<;rr 4,,':,ig 0,111,0
01 tne I ig Cheyenne ton punt 011 ihe Niobrara rm,i
were suspeiuled in 1817 aud nave-iioi boon icsirned
11 crosses the roservat'on set apart lor tlio (iiirere it '
amlf of Sioiijc iii.iuns, under iao creacr coiieiu'jp i i
by tne-n w.th the tMted ?Mtu at V?h Kaia
and proclaimed on tne Mtu dar of February laa ! |
ilio butanes of the appropriation ou uani u 4 j.Cif.
I'UBLlti IWI'MEN 18.
Ttia laws providing for me distribution of tbo
statute* and utn.ir puoilcntions navo, as far as
practicable, been executed. Public documents
ir.mi the co til wen re m "it I of tho Thirty-sixm
to tbe I'oitieiti Congress, luciusivo, a copy of
"American ArcnlYet,'1 "AnnaH of Congress." and
"American ;staie Papers, (second eeriee," all care
fully boxed, will be sent 10 the several territorial
governments wntch have not heretofore received
vni'ia, 011 tUetr signifying a wilUiiguea.) to Incur ttio
coat ?>r transportation. Congressional documents
are also hem to supply one public linr.try, or an In
corporated Institution, in each Congressional district
of trie Mutes lately in rebellion.
In conformity with an act of Connress 0" Marcn 3,
about ax.uoo volumes (inve been collected from
executive departments and public oinces and do
poshed lu this building. Tuere ts a very large accu
mulation of broken sets of document*, and authority
should be given to soil, exchange or distribute n.icti
odd volumes as ars not needed 10 supply deficiencies
in ine library or Congress or in tnat ui either of the
executive department*.
I recommend a repeal of eo mnfti of the laws at
provide for inserting in the "Hiennml Keplster or
llioe Hook" a (1st of tit) several post offices. poat
uiaatera, mall contractors, clerics in pou oiilces,
ni;tli route nie*aenirer?. letter enrrvra, Ac.. Ac., in
tno several .state* and Territories. 1 no last number
01 1 tie regMter has (T7 psgea, of widen Ml are ap.
protiriated to ftie )>osui service, 'i ho Post office
Department Issue* biennially a work containing an
alphabetical list of ttio oiilces, with the names of the
posruiauers annexed, the oflices arranged oy conn
ties and wtatrs tames or Utstituce'i, rates of poetazn
and oilier valuable Information. Duplicating me
Mute matter in a separate pubUeaUon u w vim Uuui
useiMi. The names of lis olBcern of tli it depart
ment on duty in Wash lovtoq mWUt i>? ru.mue'l 111
i lie r?Kiat?r, aud tue remain dor of me po?ui statis
tics exeiudeJ.
OAPITOk
The architect reporui varum chamjc*. repairs
and improve ;.entsin iue capital extsmiou during
tlie past year. Maur ui lUe room* and passages
nave bean paintod and tlie Senate post onloe room
lias been rearranirej. Four pictures in (reaoo have
been added to tae celling of tue Senate retiring
room, the granite stsps reset aud the cleaning and
pointing ol the marote continued.
'lhe repairs of tne wing ?ud heating apparatus
were formerly ordered by tlie officers ot tne two
houses and paid for Uy specific appropriations. An
acv-of the ad of March last provides that all Im
provements. additions and repairs of the Capitol
shall be made by ihu duecuoa and under the super
vision of me arciiile st, and bo pal I for out 01 the
appropriation for tue CUp.lol extension, lhe esti
mate for next .tear inoiude* the prouable cost of
such repairs uni that ot tugging the upper
terraces witu Seneca stone, aud surrouudiug tho.r
orner e ige wuu a broad granite coping. Ne* eky
luhts have bacu piaced over tue lauterus in the cen
tral building. Tae inner sa-m over tne old ha.I ot ;he
House of Kei>re<4euutiveg has been removed, ami the
Interior of ills ia item reuttel a id supplied with u
rotv of gaaounicrs, whicu are lighted by the ha terj of
tne dome. Six tomuiuu: robais have"becu lilted up,
au<l tue booics aud doeu.ueu s wuich were stored in
most of them deposited lu the omiar story, into
winch hoa.ei air nas b.^en introduce!. .steam radi
ators nave also bean placed in the central passages
near tne western doom, and the i uniaces taxeu from
tho crypt. The architsct rccomuieuus thai, next
season, sieam ool.s be substituted tor 1)10 old uud
woru not air fumacaa, as at once more pleasant aud
ecouorn cai.
A rooai coriuocted with the office of the Secretary
of the Senate Uas been titled up, pursuant 10 tue
provision of the .senate resolution of lutu April last,
aud oilier rooms shelved to receive duplicate docu
ments. Much ot the exterior ot the central building
kbas oeca painted, soverai coats were necessary to
prevent the UutuitegraUou of the cornice aud balus
trade, which an exposed to the weather; the neces
sary repairs have boeu done on tlie new dome aud
two meu constantly employed in iteeptug the inte
rior lu proper order for visitors.
Tue bandings uot necessary for the work, in pro
gress have, with the exception Of the tire engine
bouse, oeau removed lroui tue uuinciosed ground*
adjoining tho Capitol. kariy m^uiures should be
lateen to determine the extent of these grounds to
oiubcliian t.iotn, aud to lay out and improve the sur
rouuiiiug s.rcets. if the eastern irout 01 tne ceutral
portion 01 tlie Caplioi is uot to bo extended tue
space in front of It should be paved and the side
walks llaggod.
The portico and railing of the north front ot this
department have ue;n completed and the contigu
ous sidewalk suitably Hugged. O street, from sev
enth to Ninth struct, uas uot oeen ;?aved. Tue own
ers of the greater portion of the property on the
Qortn side of It express a preference lor a wooden
pavement, and : deem it bettor suiteJ tnau any
otnor to a thorough.are bnrueiing upon public
onices. Seven thousand dollars in addition to the
funds on hand l?i,7.'a) will b- required to meet no
ni jth of the expense of this improvement as will be
chargeablo on tue United States.
Tue improvements ot toe oastero portion of tne
City llali, authorized by Congress, 20t.i July, I8j?,
have be n completed. An a propria'.iou oi fl.ooo
ia necessary tor gene.ai repairs aud the purchase of
hot air nirua^es for the court room. Tueio u an uu
e.t ponded oaiance of ( .a u
i im appropriations asked for make an aggregate
or *ila,0>A.; Tie., Capitol extension, fvs.ooo; Capi
toi repairs. 4iu,0i??; nt-w dome, 91,000, fliiiug uud
grading Capitol grounds, $L5,oa3; paving 11 street
from Seventh to Muta, >7,UiO. and city lla 1, $i,OaO,
J. 0. COX, Secretary.
THE PUBLIC DOMAIN.
Aiuiual ftwport of tho Commissioner
of the General Land OfHco.
This report, erjusllos any of Its predessors in care
ful e.aboratiou aaJ compass or topical Interest, has
been scut to press. Tlio text embmcen thirty-live
separate /leads, with the usual appendix of statwtl
cat tables. It is accompanied by maps of the dlf
icreni publta land, Mtatcs and territories, and by a
connected map of th3 Territory of tho whole couutry
aho-.lng the progreu or the public surveys, also by
a mercatorml chart of the clone exocutea in a style
of unsurpassed excellence, with tables of valuable
stut.sties Illustrating the geographical, Industrial
and commercial relations or the United States. The
operat;ons of tho public land system during tho
Bscai year ending June CO, isou were prosecuted in
all the public land States and Territories except
Wyoming and Alaska. Surveys have been com
AmJL'm^ llllno18' Michigan, Missouri,
U, f'S?W' *vlf*consin and luwa. *
a iieicn ul the aurveviUK staiem is iriven lnrlmi.
In* the provisions or law and the pmuce under
t.Ujii?. ii?o entire area of the pub;lj domain is
acroa- 01 Mr|,lca' ouriu/ toe past rear
miiM?r acres wure?8.urvr"veJ, mvolviiur 40, -.w lineal
miles of survey, liie eutire area surveyed h
in-^rM?/nJoa V1" * unaurveyed 1.J20,430,6*8
at-res. Jn.erestirig aoooiints or boon iHrr survcri
VftrZ^ZT"'11 aud 'otwmcal
oi Dyr"r a uiinion acres inoro than last 1
of *2 S4 i hoaf.vn?fUI,,t8 vr(',e ,*4-47ASsa. an increaso I
J,' 7 ? . ovor last year, lln pnncli?le3 of r.io
public laudI srstem arn tre.tetior In severu l elaborate
n'otr?/ni ?"0"" l,? "H a re'"aiKableeinbodi
Tan .11'r l^ "Ul!'cuUI pnae,pl,!H ?" "oleiice. I
m i . discussion br.iitfi to view t.ie ontfin of the i
2?t? <* Property and rne progress of social or<aui
nation irom a community or interests to seoarate
j-r vale ownerships with ctatio i. rrom in* gre"
huropcan publicists, me extinction or the Indian
u^uii uctUiiri tuie to toe sail h ronsidere 1. Hn? or
diaanceor 17Hj pasaoti ojr the Connuejiuii Comrre**
tii: uucteaa of our laud astern i* reviewed, ftj.j tno
progress of liberal idea* in /nAUj./ijr a,mj executing
tne land laws is c.earir marked Tne pollc^f for?
bidding settlement ou tho puniic lauds witiiout Dtir
coase, euaued b, the law ol is,7, was overpuwored
by the press of immigration. Congress IIrat healed
a mu titude of brea. lies or tills law t>v speeul reiro
?c v? finally by act or seotemoer 4
. . Pre-emption privileges a-. a p.>r
iiuucnt e emeot or our sysi?ai. Some minor details
ol ibn preemption laws require revision but me
?moo?l?,!eUtUre' ar? -ettled and'woriuug
Hie homestead policy is the worthy suppleni-nt of
the pie-ompuou. a great increase ot appropriation
1 uC. 0i'1,,li4 actual aetilers under tni;se two |
riir^ ?n . "f 18 BU0WU- " u esu mated taut by
direct and indirect operations of tiie land system
durmgt.ie last uscai jear ? >,00o email lartns were I
tnu el^V!10 U0ull0i"? oi our repuolio?about double
tnu cutiie uuiuoer o. lau 1 owners in i.nj,aud. us re
Ported 10 ifio ue cniuaJ cent* ig of ls ,i.
t,.v?'u a 'iV0 ?''l,'leU 11,0 t"'"'cli?ie 0/ pre emption to
it"~l lluve "'veil spcciai lao.nties io town
nrmrli? ,?.U 'B 1"' "1 : 'a"tJS- Uuf r'in" ""ill
proprloioisarj csinuatej ot live und a nair iniiiions
or on- in e.jfht 01 our peop.e. llns lande i leo
""jrf ?A1erc,,ses tt Ur kieater power in manuaiuloK
puo.to older tiian do llie live und a nair iniiiions ol
European so.uiery ou tiie p^ace estab.isnmeut uioo
piog the unstable equilibrium ol reudai society.
llie nbeiaiuy 01 our naturali/atiou laws uas drawn
au immense inniiijration irom Kurope: about
1 j.uOj ww or our population are due to tins cause.
1 he.se have lanreJr ava.led lheinseiVf? of the Iciudir
provisions or our laud laws, ao.sorb,ii* au immeuse
amount of puonc land, it is estiniautd tuat toreiun
1 uimi^rants have braught to this country since 17^0
$400,000,000 Huhi Vtii 110. '
(J ran is ol land hava been made to officers and
soldiers or the different wars of tiie repuoiic tnus
testifying tne nation's grati.uie to Vti delemW
?inri!nin!,0i'tti gr*UW.,n ftlU ut ^?PBl?r education are
?1U lioated us>? aoeirtl nocessity. Hie only liieaus of
?ecunng such a diiTuslou or Intelligence as win serve
as a basis of tree Instltutious. Tne conunentii
t iS-'nifimi'f"* i?85 Sl:' ?eo Jon .sixteen oi each
ii. ,' r the aupport of common schools. Tnis
donation lias beau ivpcaie-1 ou tne admnsion oi
every new .state into tne Union, and since me ad
JI i^iT'i ?? 0r.e,fon u,e a,,K)UD' ?' 'and has been du
p icated. Rectloii tniriy-six at well as section sixteen
being granted for tne support ol scuools.
Large grants have betu made lor me support or
universities and o.lc^s. a special donai.on h^
also beeu made to tiie Males of .0.0 >?> aL1es Tor eaen
senator aud kepreseuiative. Iney were entweu to
under the apportion',,out of isoj. ihe iir'^au
amount of laud finally accruiua uiMer ail tnwe
grants will bo uot less than 7w.32C,?i? acres ih?
disposition of these g.anu. oy seve al of tui StawS
Is given in tho repoit. ?? is* sum
A chaujfe in tne channel of the Mlssoarl river in
yoivmg poasibie questions or Oonnuury befween
Nebraska und Datoia. cans fcr an etocs iIOn
laud taws as etfectett tiierebr. Severai n^.Ar- i'?
Indian resei vatious throw light ou tnat bran, h of
tne admuiisiration. Tho neoioxtcai an 1 ,m ...rl . ,1
cal character 01 rhn pnbiio dumai'i as iiiuairlu!f^
tne excellent cabinet*of tne wnl ral
the subject of an elaborate paper of great inierell
and vaiue. The methods of uiooeelinl/ nn lr rnn
Mining law aud tiie status or agriculturalh! i,?S
mining district* are treated n itn , J lauds in
This branch of the b.S, ?l e^eU aowJullr
organized and olaluis can be tdiusted M rannilv il
tney can be got througn tne .oc. SI
Wrw^'i^Sf! m-1 e"W7v
ior rauw \yn, \n consUiere i at length ami i
a ?r tne ?ta,i h
iBrriwii t??i Mturally divide itself luto
?lot'e in Vhinh^c Vi 1 l>r""RI' ?ta#? on me Atlantic
ii.uis' or 10 tho elow accniuuia
l oa' iw?nn 1 u?cewH,?rr caoital for it# coustruc
slum w ' w ^coudary siajro In the Mt?u
J . Witch, by llie do.iatlou of
itin?n?'.i ? ?">orwHo unsaleaole it created
n . ! ent bT 1,19 ?aiuu? it tmparte.l to tno
??mil ihi hd'huitiv? ?ta^? we-t ol (he Missis
i.q, ? wnich It appears an a lorerunucr of evil.
L'i.'.i'lL,?? UMn? *'r?ugih to project use r fcro.ss
great wiuierncsa tracts 10 reach our I'aciUc Sta;es.
oio^e of the present yrar there will be in
1 J?i *Ji?W miles of ro*d lae tonuiiKe or isms
' e!,liniiiieri at over 100,000,ik O, representing a cash
Value Of 112 00,,000,09-1. At the o.-se of tills cen
tury we will nave not less than 1uo,ooj miles iu
?l?oraiion, w?;h a tonnaire beyond present estimate.
ine enormous expansion ot railways wasoneirt
oir natlouMi necrissitiea. 'tno liberal podc/ ot
landed and loan ?uhvention* by thegovernuioni w.?s
u? grouudwvik twv this (>rv?j)trvu4 luuvemvut, but
fha Commissioner tlilncs fh? um" Tor huc!? exiraor
tiiiiay as*i?tauoe has pissed .uid rcoK.oMJoinla iu
withdraw*!.
Descriptive sketches are given of the State* anl
Territories erected out of tlie public do.natu, ambi*
dug a very gi eat variety of usciul Information. A
case ol Injunction by Hie lulled btaUai ULitrtct
Court of lowa against local la id oillcers lu that
Mate gives rUte to an able ur? inient against the rlgul
of courts to interfere with cases peudiug before tna
(ifni rai kanfl <iflice or any otliur branch of tue ox
ecutne department. .
1 lie report concludes with a review of the com
mercial position of me 1,'nited States. tracing a I mo
01 commerce around the cartu between tlie fortieth
and fiftieth parallel, to v. hicti all tUe local current#
I of trade wn converge. Trie completion of our l'a
I olio 1:.inroad, uuh the increasing advantage of ratl
'??ay communication o.er every other, la making thai
country tne highway of tlie worlu's commerce. Tne
changes in VI,e naiiou&iities or Asia and the gradual
incorporation ol progressive idea* uiuicato the aj>
proac.ti of ttie deflntuve development of civlU&atlon.
in tlie midst ol tlie.se oriental movement* an inorcaa
iug power on tlie I'acittu waWes a rupture of pi aoo foe
mere purposes of conquest a taunr of increasing
ha/, aril. Inasmuch as we have no ambition ot terri
torial expansion in Asia, ttie Oriental nail-as loan
upon our moral support aaaiuar the rapacity of
Muropc. Tbls will result first in commercial ascend
ency of the I.'nited States, and ultimately in a per
fected coui.tv or nation*.
Our ability to compass these splendid remit#
springs from our liberal landed policy. Its lnr.uenco
is especially marced. Tho growth of our resource*
Is aiartlliig. Tho gold value of personal and reta
properly Is J;t0,ooo.oo,?,ooo. Our uross annual earn
ings amount to $10,000,000,000. of walcli not leas tuaa
ten per ceut or $1.000.00j.ooo are surplus for rein
vestment. our civtiuatioa, being industrial la il?
chief characteristic*, looks to a broader swoop ol
original production, and lienco our accumulation <M
wealta will bo more rapid Uian tuai of any put age.
NAVY DEPARTMENT.
Animal Report of Secretary
George M. Robeaon.
Navt Dhi-abtmint, L)ec. X, .8*^.
I respectfully submit tue following report o'.' Um
Navjr Department and the branch of tne pu'ilioser
vice under iu supervision during the lust year.
The head of this departmont has been tm?
changed since the sending in of the last annual
report, and Uie report for this year must therefor*
Include the operations carried on during that time,
as well under the superintendence of Mr. Wellaa (tne
former secretary of the Navy), a* undor that of mj
immediate predecessor, Mr. Bone, and myself.
Of the period extending from the date of tne laat
annual report to the coming in of tho present ad-t
ministration, the detailed roports of the seven
bureaus are naturally incomplete, and I am, ?r
course, without authoritative information of dm
ideas which at that time governed the operations ef
the departmont. It becomes me, therefore, to apeak
of it only in general terms, and, showing simply the
condition of the navy at the commencement, of this
administration, state only results as the surest tost
of principle! and practice.
NAVAI. KOttCS IX MAHCH, 1880.
When my immediate predooossor carao into oflloe.
on the 9th dav of March last, the navy of the l'nUe4
?Stuies couslstod of two hundred aad three vessels of
i nil classes and in every condition.
^ These measured one hundred and eighty-three
I thousand lour hundred and foriy-two tons, aud war?
[ calculated to carry, when la commission, thirteen
hundred and sixty-six guns, exclusive of howitzers.
Of these ships one hundred aud fllty-one were
wooden and Hity-two were Irou-ciau or monitors.
Of the wooden snips thiriv-two were sailing ves
sels, flity-three were steamers, with some auxiliary
sail power; forty-four were steamers without any
eiilcicnt sail power and twenty-two were without
sail power 01 auy Uud.
luo irou-ctuds are ail steamers, relying wholly ou
steam under all circumBia.iues.
ui all ihe.MJ classes only lorty-three vessels, in
cluding stole ships, mounting three hundred and
liity-aix guns of every caliore, were attached to ilcet*
or returning tliereiroin. h;x more, uioiiutiug thirty
six gnus, weie in commission ior special service^
and ?ix oihi'rs at tne various -tauons as receiving
stilus. These, logetuer wuh fourteen tugs au i small
vessem, attached to the various navy yania aim sta
tions, consti.uied the whole Jorce oi the uavy at tuat
time effective lor immediate service.
It iias siuce been iouud neoesaary to offer for sale,
on loreign stations, three ot these ve-^sels, wlueto
were oomiemued as uulit for service aud unsaie to
send home, aud twenty-live more of tuem have oeeii
ordered Uome to tne various navy yards lor repair
ana alteration or sale. Hut one ship, iiie Juiuaitt, at
riu.auelpuia, was under repair at tue time ui the
coming iu 01 the proseut adiuiu.sir.ilion.
sisieti navy not iu commission con
Jlr",-r,Kort'-?lx lron*c|ad.s and monitors of every
nil i ut var'olu stations, uono of wuicta
could be got ready ior seiv.ee witnout thorouga
overhaul^/ and expensive repairs to huds. tur.ots
domiied and ordered to be sold, us not udaoted to
our service, twenty-sue of them never having o.en
in commission. *
X'-wn?lwenty-two vessels of overy class yet on
the sIocks, and oil which work had ooen suspended.
v esse Is laid up in ordinary, or
unlit ior active service iu the future.
OB17181.NU STATIONS ASP bUTlES, AND POllGl OT
? kai.h. in ma huh, ibiib.
rorine better distrioution of our lorce the field of
our naval operations is divided Into flvecru.s.ug
sta.ions, known respectively as the North ami souta
At.auuc, the i'aciiic, tne European. aud tue Asiatic.
iJi"u ttn,J I'ujlts oi thesesiations are carefully
deiined and may bo readiiy trace.). anu to each are
rSo !i'v?ir.!"in . l>r?Pjr"OIli of the available force uh
TuZ^TeCirCumataUCeH W e>ic" lroui llUi*
I ho Nortu Atlantic station embraces the entire
eastern coast ot North America ana that of .Sotitu
America as far as t ape orange, uear tue mouth of
tho Amazon, extending eastward to tlie lorn-third
degree of longitude west from ijreenwich. To tuo
squad ton on this statiou w commuted me protection
of ait our outward-bound an J returuiug Atlautlc
cqjniuerce, wheu west of the forty-third deiiite of
west louguuJe, our coasting trude <.u uie Atiumio
vv".L"!ni,,ulf?n''.lhul vv'"t''1 carry on with the
want lUJiOH, Mexico, me uortueru countries oi bouta
America uud uie isthmus.
it cousiaied ou tue etu of March last of six vessels,
mouutiug in mi iwen.v-eigut guns, the whoi* under
the command of itear Aiiunral iioff.
iho souui Atlumic station euibracei tlio east coast
of Soutu America lrom t ape Ora.igo to Capo Uora.
exteuding across iroui tlie iormer point to St. faui
, tie l.oaiido, anu alonv; the southwest coast of Africa
to the Cape ol Hoe J Hope, iha squadron In cuarto
ui our iiuporiaut InU'rests in ttidse waLoiH at
tlie date iiist meiuioued, uuJer the couuuaud oi it'oar
Ailuiiral Davis, sud consisted ol ?ix vesseis, uiount
Uur in all nfty-SiX guns.
llie i'aciiic statiou is one of great extent and im
portance, emhiaciug the enti.e western coast of
both North and south America, extending west ward
to the i7oth degree ot west longituoe, aud theuoo
along tue equator south of it to the llota degree
tailing In New Zealand, Australia and
New Guinea, together with tue l-'eeiee anu otuer
groups of the south i'aciiic ocoau. mo nuvoi
lorce ou this statiou is looiteu to for uuv needed nro
teciion to the interests of the governnieiit auu our
people in all the waters a the l'aailu; to our trad#
along tue great isthmus, aud the whole cdaat of
Soutii America; our whatiag and halting Hoots in the
i"?i .hCi"!c'^our ?.K10WU'4r couuneroe wuh t(la
bauuwi< h istauds. china aud Japan; our newiy ac
quired interests in Alaska and tne adjacent islands:
aud.to our traders, tepre^entative^ aud tuuisiouauttu
acuitered a.ueug the barbarous or had civuiaeil
tribes which people tne faciOc grou
i "Ui V1.? ladt meakoaed tins station was
?> Vi nf? tw0 S(l<i?wlrons, dsaommated ihe Nortn
l acilic aud the boutu 1'acitlc squadrons, commauue<i
respectively by itear Admiral C'raveu aud i.ear
Admiral turner?the Norm l'acinc squadron coo
sisuug or eight vessels, ruounting in ail soventy
cirfht guns; and the tiotitu 1'acidc squadrou, con
sisting of six vessels, mounting In ad loriy-nius
guns. Since tuo coining lu of the present adminis
tration, for the purpose of readier coaimuulcation,
aud to give to tlie small foice in mis oxteuded
Held greater e/flcifucy aud facility for combined
uctlou, these two sutiuus have been consolidated
luto one, n itu a single tieet of two divisions, each
uu ier the iiinuedia^e command of a i ouimodoie,
wuh the whole uuder the gcueral command of a
Keur Adniual.
The buropeait station embraces the Atlantic, witu
Its connecting waters, north ol thi> equator and a*
fur west as the forty-nurd degree west Iroui (,reou
wi! n, and includes tno wnolo west coast of ?uropo.
the Aiediierraneau and its couunuui aiing seas, aud
tlie cintst ol Africa as lar as si. l'aul do l.oando. Tne
squadron, coiniuainied t>y liear Admiral iiadford.
- ami consisting, at tue <iat? aioreaaid, ol seveu ves
sels, mounting iu an eignty tlve nuns, repiosonied
the ii^ivui power ot our cuuutrr on uie co.tsw aad iu
tne ports of ail the irreat uaUous of Western and
Boutneru iiurope, as well as thnso of NotttieVu Africa
Tue Asi iilc station emoraoes tne eastern coast of
Asia arouuu to uiudostau, aud thence to tho caue
of uood Hoie, faKiug in Java, suinutrs, bor
!'.ljlp,l'"? '"'anils, Japan, uud tlie
asters of Western ana boutheru Asia and
ft ostern Africa. Our growing trade in tus
hast, and the influence of our government lor
!iLnn.?re?'i-0I.?0?,",',lce *nu cl*'"2atton among tho
piopio oi Kintei n and .southern Asia were protected
? oy, 0 8flUi",r?t> '"aue up, on tue data
hut mentioued, of ten vessels, inouniiug sutty guus,
under command of itcar Aumtrai itowa.i.
if ? hi i,? ? iXAbsquAcr ok roBoa.
it win r>e s?eu at. a giauce that iheso cruising sta
tions comprise wit.iui tneir limits mo<r. of ine porim
and seacoasts oi ilia Kuovru world; mid that, in itnis
establishing them, our government has attempted t?
extend its Iniiuetice and protection ovor every llntd
into whicn, allure,I by trade or science, or inspired
by religion, au Aiuer.ca.i cu.^eii it as been ab.a to
, poneirate.
Tills, in time of peacs, is an appropriate duty of
[ our wavy, aud .is uvuduw wilt bs ut pfopwruoa