The New York herald. [volume], November 27, 1876, Page 3, Image 3

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The South Carolina Canvassing
Board in Jail
Probable Interference of the
Federal Power.
Serious Trouble Anticipated on the Meet
ing of the Legislature.
GENERAL SHERIDAN LEAVES NEW ORLEANS.
fix-Governor Curtin on the Pros
pects in Louisiana.
WHY THE ATTEMPTED JOINT ACTION FAILED.
Opinions of Prominent Lawyers
on the Situation.
Danger of Partisan Returning Boards to
Republican Institutions.
SOUTH CAROLINA
Columbia, Nor. 28,1878.
ANTICIPATED INTERFERENCE OF THE FEDERAL
AUTHORITIES IN THE existing imbroglio?
the canvassing board in jail?their
FINES ADVANCED BT THE REPUBLICAN NA
TIONAL COMMITTEE-INDICATIONS OF A PLOT
TO COUNT IN CHAMBERLAIN?PROBABILITY
OF SERIOUS TROUBLE.
[BT TELEGRAPH TO THE HERALD.]
Everything to in a feverish state of oxciteuient here.
No one knows whet to-morrow may bring forth.
Every one anticipate* the Intcrterenoo of the United
Slates t>y the baud of Judge Bond, who, It is behoved,
I. here for tho purpose of releasing the Board of Can
vassers from jail, and by tho troops under General
Ruger. who, it Is expected, will take charge of t o
Stale House on Tuesday. General linger left ralla
basseo this morning for this place. He will arrive o
morrow n-ghl
| WHAT JUDGE BOND SAYS#
judge Bond has told ex-Unltod States Senator Chest
?ut, Judge Bacon and others that he has no idea ol In
terfering; that he is hero one week before his court
meets solely for the purposo of oxamlnlng into tho busi
ocas to come before him, and without any other object
whatever. As this is entirely difloreut Irom his uni
versal practice before this his disclaimer Is not assur
lug, and to-morrow to looked for anxiously to see
l/bat be will do.
THE BOARD IN JAIL.
A visit to tho jail this evening found the members of
fjo Board very snugly quartorod. Comptroller Gen
iral Dunn and Attorney General Stone, the two white
members, arc domiciled in ono room, and Secretary or
Etato Hayno, Treasurer Cardoza nnd ex-Adjutant and
Inspector General Purvis, tho three colored members,
are in anothor. This is an ovidcnce that oven
In Jail the leaders of the republican party
in Sonth Carolina do not recognize civil
rights. Tho lines are drawn and distinctions made
with as much precision as the most ultra democrat
could desire. Tho membors of the Board stubbornly
reiuso to be Interviewed or disclose their plans or
purposes. It is clear, lrom the very confident air they
assume, that they anticipate an early rel.as. and a
triumph over the Supreme Court.
Tim amount or fiskh forwarded.
lt is stated that the National Republican
Executive Committee ha. already forwarded
,7.500 to pay tbo fines of $1,500 Imposed
upon each. This being the case the
Board will st.ck, of course. They h.d great fear, on
this score as they all have property, which would
have been lov.ea on to pay the fine, and before they
would have allowed it to go that far they would have
purged themsolvcA With this great burden oil their
minds they feel easy, particular* a? thecallowed
to receive visitors and arc liberally supplied with all
tho luxuries of the season, including champagne. It
Is stated to-day that they had a regular banquet last
night and that the members of tbe Supremo Court
;,B, in for a large share of toast, that wcro anything
put complimentary.
federal aid anticipated.
All tbe indications go to show that tho Board relies
?o cly on the United Slates court, and .they must have
iomo strong assurance that aid will come from tha
luartor. This morning District Attorney Corbtu their
counsel and bis Assistant Attorney. Earlo, with United
Rates District Attorney Archibald Sterling, of Balti
more were closclcd at the office of the former for ser
nal hours. Judge Bond was in the adjoining room.
Lr corbin will probably be held In contempt to-mor
row and debarred from tho privilege of practice in tbe
Mtato courts.
Alt EXPRESSION FROM JUDGE WRlGltT.
A Strong expression came from Jndgo
colored Justice of the Supremo Court, to-day. While
conversing in front of the
"So far as 1 am concerned, tho Board of State Can
vassers wtll remain In Jail until they purge themselves
ol contempt and obey the mandate ol tho CourC
When asked whether he thought Judgo Bond would
'"TdTnoMhlik so. snd if he does It will bo an as
.nmntlon of pswer that the people will not
tolerate. The United States Circuit Court
b,s no right to Interfere, except where the
iaw, o' the United States have been tramplod upon.
This cannot he proved at all, and the only attempt to
prove it would bo by appeal to the United States Su
premo Court. There is no common law In ths I nitod
Sia'cs Circuit Court It i. govsrn.d by .latum lawen
tlrely and must bo regulated by tbe atatute law of tbe
2', which it is held at the time. I will not believe
that he xTill interfere until I seo It. Then I w.i. hav.
something to say about It."
the vert latest
information that I can gather confirms m# In the bo
lief that Judge Bond, notwithstanding Ms declare
Hon to the contrary, will release the members of
the Board of Canvassers on some technical ground
In connection with the Hayo. and Wheeler
I predicted this several days ago, and do so again,
for tbe purpoeo of convincing tho readers of the
Herald that the whole trick of the Board to but
tarrying ?oi? wo11 mnlur#<1 P,ot 10
CAPTURE ELECTORAL VOTER
of tbe Slat? lor tbe republican ticket. Tbev will go
farther and endeavor by the aid of troop, to eficct a
republican organization of the Legislature, through the
exclusion of toe democratic member. Irom Edgefield
and Laurens to elect Chamberlain and Inaugurate htm.
If this .. attempted and admission to tbe,r seat. .a
derlcd those members, it to impossible to conjecture
wbsl may happen, lor there Is a point where rorbear
.ocorea.es to bo a virtue, and tho people here have
uoariy reached It.
INDICATIONS OF TROUBLE.
The Bonding or General Ruger back here and the
programme of the release of tho member, of be
Soard on writs on babes, corpus by tba United
Siatrs court indicates that Isdorai bayonets will air
-ound the State House ou Tuesday and that another,
but more flagrant, Louisiana outrage will bo pcrpe^
I rated here. AH tMs will create terrible excitement
horo and may possibly; precipitate bloodshed; that
onCr rommcnccd, It is eppaliing to think where
Bight end.
LOUISIANA.
TENEfi AL SHERIDAN LEFT FOR CHICAGO-HIS
PBESENCBSAIDTOBE NEEDED IE THE NORTH
NO FEARS OF TROUBLE IN LOUISIANA PRE
PARING FOE THE CONTESTED PABISHES.
[BT TELEGRAPH TO THE HERALD.]
New Oelsans, Not. 28, 1878.
General Sheridan, with Ms staff, left bcre this alter
ation for Chicago. Uto dgfarture wa. hastened It Is.
Mid, by tbe possible need of hit, presence North and by
the qutetneM hero.
General Augur. when interviewed by year corre
spondent this morning, stated that there was no possi
ble danger of troublo here no matter which way the
Returning Board counted. The people horn considered
It purely a national question, lie said that the depar
ture of General Sheridan left tbe command of the de
partment to himself, ana that there would be no dif
ferent disposition of the troops lor the present
THE HKTlUMXCi HnABI)
has employed Mr. John Kay as their legal adviser. The
Interrogatories to be propounded In the contested cases
are all prepared and held by bnn, and all questions of
Importance are to be submitted to his Judgment.
THE AID or T1IK COCKTS.
There are In preparation to-night affidavits alleging
that in tbe democratic councils the question of bring
ing the Returning Board beforo tbe courts bus beon
thoroughly discussed, and tho opinion, so far as it can
bo gleaned, is that any etrort In that direction will
provo futile. The courts as now couatituiod In Lou
isiana are known to bo so thoroughly partisan that
any such movement would meet only with defeat.
WIRES IN FLORIDA DOWN.
Lake Citt, Flu., Nov. lid, 187ft.
Tbe telograph lines betweeu this placo aud Talla
hassee are prostrated, and wilt not be In working order
to-night
THE OREGON ELECTORSHIP.
A VARIETY OF REPORTS REGARDING THE EX
ISTING MUDDLE.
Sas Fra.vcisco, Nov. 26, 187ft
' A special despatch from Portland, Oregon, says an
intimate lrlend of Governor Grovcr asserts he will not
give Watts a certificate of election. Tho conservative
democrats and republicans generally doubt tho re
port Cronin, tbe democratic elector who received the
highest vote, stated recently he would not accept the
appointment IT Watts was thrown out Nothing, how
ever, can be assuredly stated until tho count is made.
A press despatch from Portland, Orecon, says Gov
ernor Grovcr is reported to Uavo said that ho proposes
to Issue a certificate of election to Wstts unless re
stricted by tho courts. It is generally believed ho will
not roluse except on an Injunction.
THE ELECTORAL MUDDLE.
EX-OOVKRNOB CUBTIN's MI8SION?WHAT HE
LEARNED IN LOUIHIANA?THE RETURNING
BOARD CRITICISED?THE DEMOCRATIC MA
JOBITY TOO LARGE TO BE SET ASIDE.
Ex-Governor Cnrtlu, of Pennsylvania, returned Irom
tho South a few days ago, and has been Mopping at
the Fifth Avenue Hotel to this city. Ho was ono or
tho first Nortborn men to visit lronisiana when the
political muddle arose, and his account of affairs in
that State, as bo saw tbem, cannot fall to bo Interest
ing. In reply to a goneral Inquiry of tho Hskalu rep
resentative as to the Northern mission Governor
Curtin said:?
"Wnen I was Invited by Mr. Hewitt to go to Louisi
ana I accepted with groat satisfaction, for I knew that
President Grant hod invltod a number of persons to
make the same visit, and I supposed that we wero to
aot Jointly. I expoetod that togethor wo would make
examinations and have ascertained tho real situation.
I believe that ir wo bad so acted Jointly the announce
ment of our Impressions would have quieted the un
rost of the country ana might havo Influenced a fair
count or the vote cast."
"Why did tho measures for Joint action on the
part of the visitors fallf"
"Tho correspondence will show that we asked for
Joint action, and quoted the very languago of tho
President. To our surprise, however, the gentlemen
sect by President Grant declined such a course. We
then, with all the returns In the hands ot the conserva
tive party, and after examination of persons from tho
parishes said to have been disturbed and where in
timidation occurred, arrived at the conclusion, on
quite sufficient evidenoe, that the Slato had given a
large majority for the Tilden electors. The gentlemen
sont by the President, having had free and fall com
munication with Governor Kellogg and bis surround
ings, no doubt ascertained, from evidence qnlto as
conclusive aa that within our reach, that a large mo.
j jorlty of the votee east were for Tilden electors. They
then asserted tho doctrine of Stato rights, throw then
aelves behind tho laws of tho State, and no Joint ac
tion was further possible."
"Has the Board or Canvaesers, In your opinion, no
far complied strictly with their Stato laws?"
"No person who went to the South from here be
lieved or assorted that they had any right to control
or influence, In the discharge of their dutloe, the con
?tltated authorities of the State or Louisiana. But we
did hope, on our side, that by such Joint action we
might Induces fair count, and as clrcnmstanoes had
magnified uffairs In Louisiana Into a great national
question we hoped to achieve a result that would bo
be treated with respect by tbo people of the country.
We did hope that tho Board of Canvassers might be
changed, as Its history, and llio class of men com
prising it, are too well knowu to the country, and
neither aro calculated to Inspire contldence. Such a
change was (latly refused, and an effort was thon made
to till the Board by tbo appointment of a fifth
member. The name of Br. Kennedy was suggested,
who is one oi the roost reputable and respected citizens
ol New Orleans. But as yet the Board has not' been
filled, and this reluaal wna contrary, in ray opinion, to
the laws of the Stato ot Louisiana. Then again, ex
ercising Jadieia! powers, suoh parties as were deeply
interested in the issue, and in eomo especial candi
dates, should have been permitted a hearing, person
ally or by counsel. * This reluaal was also contrary to
all law and equity. Under the laws ol Louisiana the
results ol au election to the different parishes and pol
ling places aro made out in triple returns, which the
officers ot election are required to certify, and where a
dispute occars thoro is n right to an examination, ft
Is manifestly improper that a board lliua constituted
should settle in eeeret session a matter so very Im
portant.
Tfin sxct.c.uo.y or Tint mkmbkks
of the press, to whose reporta a whole nation are
eagerly listening, was a piece ol 'star chamber'work
which disgraces the members of the Canvassing Board.
II they designed 10 be fair an honest determination
should havo Induced the appointment ot a llfth mem
ber, who could havo represented tbo parties complain
ing."
"Then yoer mission Sooth was not productive of
much good?"
"No," replied the Governor. "Tho result of our
visit to Louisiana disappointed my expectations"
"What is your caudid judgment 01 the true animus
ol the Canvassing Board?"
"From all 1 could gather In Louisiana, and from
what has occurred since my retnro, tbo Hemming
Hoard design to give the vote ot the Slate to the
Hayes electors. They Intend to do that by throwing
oat enouan perishes and polling places in tho Stale to
accomplish the purpose, without regard to the actual
result ot tho election from voles lalrly cast The
country is pertectly familiar with tho proceedings of
that Board in previous elections, and know that within
their State citizens aro In high office and the enjoy
ment of power through sets of llio Board, end not
through tbn declaration of the ballots It la qulto un
necessary for me to answer that question more luliy.
as all tbo proceedings of the Board have demonstrated
their real intentions."
"What to yon believe will bo the result of their
manipulations?"
"1 don't believe they will succeed," Governor Cur
tin replied, emphatically. "The majority of voles cast
lur Tilden electors is too large, and tu tho twenty-one
parishes now counted tbe rotnrns In the hands ot tho
conservatives correspond so nearly with the official
returns countod by the Canvassing Board that it is Inir
to presume that tbe same agreement will bo shown in
tbu returns Irom parishes not yet decided. This
is asserted by the conservative committee, Irom all the
Information within their posscasioo. to be the true
situation. 1 will give you another reason why tho
Hemming Board rimnol succeed. The democratic
majority, considering tho whole number of Voles
polled in Louisiana, is very lareo. In proportion to
tbe votos polled iu lua different States it would re
quire on iho vote of New York, to overcome a ma
jority of the same iierceniage, a rejection of quite
UO.PUO votes. I opine mat the majority for tbe Tilden
electoral ticket in Louisiana will bo between 7.0U0 and
s.OOO, while in the case ol coriain electors the majority
will reach over O.OOOt Tbe tono of leading journals of
tbe Norib which have reached Louisiana bas evi
dently made an Impression, ir not on the
Hoard, nt leaftt Ob tboso Who aro lis Ad
visers. It has been the habit of the American
people to install lb power and place tboso candidates
having a majority or votes cask There can bo no
donbt Hint Tilden electors have a majority in Lou
isiana, and i he time bae now arrived in tne proceed
ings ol this Board when peoplo or nil political parties
are satisfied irom their sets that there is such a tna
iority and that the repose ol tbe country demands
that the expression of tbe public will in the aoloction
of officers should bo obeyed."
TMK OH A BUS OV IXTHIOATIOX.
"How do you regard the strong charges of Intimida
tion in the Ma to?"
"On that subject we endeavored to ascertain the
facts. We wore allowed lull opportunity to exaraiuo
large numbers of negroes from many ol tbe parishes
where it is alleged there was Intimidation , and In our
cxaminatloiiH wo round there was abundant evidunco
to contradict such allegations. In tho c:iy of New
Orleans tbe election was remarkable for its quiet.
In tho parish ol West Feliciana especially
wo round wldto and black citizens or the
highest character reedy to testify to tho fairness or
tho election. Wo found, also, In moro instances than
ono that the officers ol the army. If called as wit
nesses would tostify to tbo tamo thing in tho respect
ive parishes where thoy were etatloned. Considering
the history of Louisiana and the character of the gov
ernment under which tbey b??o been llvins lor many
years?whdo tb?re may have been disturbance* In
* * . . a_ ...I unlilal litll l?V hOtll
JVUT*?WHIIU ill'lv *u?j ????' ? .7 ;? " 1^.1,
?ome localities and threats or intiinldatlou by both
parties?ibe late election wai notable lor its peaceili
peat?*?me ime eiecuou -------
DJiture, ite fairnefff tod Ha unquestionable re*u,lb*
W? conversed with on? co'ored man, loriucrly a a*tl?
Senator, wbo told ns that wben bo went 10 apeak in
one of the dlaiant iiartabea he wee welcomed by 600
negroes. Most 01 the canvaaaeri on the conservative
a,do were colored men. . ..
"The relatioos between the wbllea and blanksIn Ibe
South are iiuite dlllereni from the relalioue ol tho two
races In tbc North. Ihrro ihcy undcrHaud each otlter,
and it Is troo that tbe well which separated them,
slnvery existed la gono forever, and tho Iniell gent
negro know* it Tbo negro naturally leol-. kiudly
toward tbe tnau why employs and pays bltn. Hesioe
that, tbo assessed vslue or property in the hsndsor
the negroes ol Louisiana 1* nearly or quite $J0,0UU.0(H>.
nu 1 tho negro property owner ta quite as anxious to tie
rid of miagovernmeut and the Icsrlul exaction made
upon bltn by taxation an tho white man. That class or
negroes are general advocates ol the election ol con
servatives. ' . , ...
? Do you apprehend any vlolonco In Louisiana, w nat
ever may bo tho decision of this eonieil ?"
??No." said Governor Curtlu, firmly. "In tnv Judg
ment there is no da'igor ol any disturbance, lbo peo
ple there want rest and quiot. and notbing that occurs
in lbo settlement of this election will produce any vlo
lonco in that State. There is much Iceliug of anxiety
and also of ho|io. Tbe wbilo population and lbo more
Intelligent portion or tbe negroes uro looking to a re
let m ol government and a reliel Iroro misrule tor tbolr
material prosperity."
VIEWH OF JUDGE Ml l'.EDITH, OF RICHMOND.
Kx-Judge Meredith, ol Kicbmoud, was for sixteen
years a Judgo ol lbo Court ol Chancery of Richmond
and, being regarded as u very abie iicpartia' junsL
his views on the prcsonl nalionsl dntnui)i?io?iug ou^
of the residential election will he ot tnoro than ordt.
nary interest. Judgo Meredith has prepared au elabo
rate paper ou tbo legal questions entering Into tho
present problem, and hence has devoted great caro and
study to tbo subject, 'i'bo following Is the subsinnce
ol tbo conversation hold with htiu:?
Ukkdutbk?Wuet is your opinion of tbe present con
test regarding tbo right of me returning boards or tbe
disputed States to throw out votes on account of la
tlmidallou or Iruud?
Judge Meredith?I do not think thnt this claim ot
tbo returning bourds can be legally maintained. I
have very carefully looked Into lbo subject, snd am
decidedly ol tbe opinion that tbese boards do not pos
sess 1 lie power to decide upon tho legality or illegality
ol 1 ho votes cast lor tbo Presidential eloctors. Tbo
constitution never lutended to vest these boards with
such a power.
FOWEBS OK CONGRESS.
Kkpohtkr?It bo, tboD, has tbe power to pass upon
llio question ol the legality ol votos in parishes or
precincts tvhero iraud or iutlmldallon Is allogod to
Dave taken place '
Judgo Mkkkmtii?Thai power cleurly belong* to tue
two branches of tbe national legislature wben usaein
nlcd lor tne purpose ol countiug lbo voles cast for
1'rosidont and Vice President as required by the eon
Reporter?What aro your reasons for tblnklug tbo
returning hoards bavu no judicial powers?
Judgo Mkkeoitii?1 do not think tnoy have any moro
power to puss upon the legality or illegality ot votes
cast for electors than they bavo to puas upon votes
cft*t lor members ol Congress. Take the case ot inem
bors ol Congress. Although the Uoveroor Is required
l* give a onrtillcale ol tho election ol a member or
Cougrcsa, yet Congress goes behind the return aud
judges tisel! of lh? lawlnl election and quulitlcaltou of
lis own members, ll one of tbem has been elected by
fraud or lutlmldatlon it is for the respectivo branch of
Congress to say. lieoce 1 consider that wben tbo two
bouses
rtu iu Hi, . v..?..
l'S of Congress assemble In February to count tbo
votos of electors lor Prosldont and Vice President
mey ibe two houses thus sssomblcd?will he tne
judges ot tbe legality or tho votes In which certain
olcetora were returned.
THK MOOR OK KKOCKDCRR.
Rkkohtrk?Id what manner will the two bouses, ae
cordtug to your view ni the law, proceed in case traud
should have been practised by the prosent returning
boards in tnrowing out lawfully cast votes, and returu
tng electors wbo bnve not been cboeen by tbe ma
^ Judge Meredith?If fraud or Injustice be praetlaod
by the Returning Board 01 either ol the three douoi
lul Stales or sll of them It will then be In tha power,
as it wilt clearly be the duty, of tbese two bodies thus
assembled as a joint convention to pass upon that
que.lion of fraud, and if the electors from any of
theso States should have been returned by lraudulent
means It will be too duty of the two bouses sitting in
joint session to reject such electoral votes.
Rkkorteh?Senator Morton claims that the t Ice
President, In tbo absence ol any definite provision of
tne constitution on this particular branch of the sub
ject, will bavo the power to count tho votes ana pass
upo'n such questions ot legality.
TUB VICE PRRSIPSST'S POWER.
Judge Meredith?I rail to llnd any warrant whatso
ever lor such n view, which would place
tbe tremendous power of deciding woo
shall be President In the hands of one
man. Tbe Vice President has never counted
the votes?the two bouses, through their respecting
tellers, have always done that. The two bodies tr t
us a joint convention and act as ono body. Tho 1 rt..
dent of the Senato is simply charged by the consuls*
lion wltn opening tbe certificates containing tbe
votes, and thai is tho whole extent of his power.
Wben he has opened the certificates his function
wholly ceases. Tne constitution requires that "the
votes shall then be counted." It does not say by
whom, bat tbs natural inference which has also boon
adopted hitherto in tbe practtco of Congress is that
the two bouses la joint oenvention shall connt tbe
VO|u!roaTSH?Sitting In joint convention tbo demo
crats would have the majority, and would the ma
jority decide ?
Judge MaaKDiTH?Undoubtedly It would.
A MAJORITY OK TUX TWO HODIIM
In joint convention would hove tho duty to paas upon
the legality ol tbo disputed votes. Adopting, liow
oyor the view eulerlatned by others that tbo two
bouses act separately a disagreement between them
would still throw out tbe disputed votes. Honce Ills
only by adopting Mr. Morion's Tlow that tho President
of the Senate has sole and absolute control of tbo
count and that the Houee could be deprived of lis
right to pass upon ibis question jointly with tbo
RkroRTER?It hos been hinted that tho House?to
defeat tho declaration ol the Vice Prosldont and Senate
in Mr Hayes' favor?might absent Itself from the
count.
$ Judge Ukrkdith?Neither body has the right to
withdraw and doloat the conntlng ol the votes, which
duly tho conatltuticu makes imperative. Such with
drawal by either body aa a body, and refusal to act as
a body, would be revolutionary, aud the people, with
out division ol party or section, would condemn It.
Reports*?Under your view of tho cave what be
comes of the law of Loulsiaoa, which distinctly au
thorizes the Returning Hoard to reject the votes of
any precinct or parish where fraud or intimidation
have been practised ?
THB LOCI MAN A LAW UNCONSTITUTIONAL.
Judge Mkbkuith?I am decidedly ol the opinion that
this law Is unconstitutional. A law whieh rejects the
voto of a wbole precinct or parish becauseono er two
mea have been Intimidated or prevonted from voting
must, necessarily, bo unconstitutional, becanao It
deprives overy man who bus legally voted ol hia rlgbt
of suffrage, n ud It also deprives overy candidate whe
has reccivod these qualified votes Which have been thus
rejected ot tuu henellt ol theso votes which ho has
lairly received end to which lie is legally entitled.
RKroaTSR?Ouly ono queallun more. Judge. Do you
agree with Caleb Cashing iliut In the'easo of sfsilura of
a count freement Grant hclds over?
Judge Mkkkmth?No, sir; I think that Idea of a
President holding over under such circumstances has
never boon advanced boioro and has not a shadow of
loundation, because the constitution clearly provides
that In the event ot a lailure ot the count to result In s
choice of the President the House must elect.
OPINIONS or OHIO LAWYERS.
Cincinnati, Nov. 22, 1878.
A representative ol the Herald celled npon several
of the loading lawyers ol Cincinnati to lesrn their
views npon the existing state of affairs in regard to the
Presidential choice, and he Is able to give the more
current legal opinions trom those whom he met.
HON. nlNKV STANSBKRRT
was the flrst one called upon lor bis opinion in the
impending crisis In national affairs. He said thsro
wcro grave question* connected with tho matter which
had scarcely been alluded to as yet In the newspapers.
The question would ceme up, who should succeed to
the ofllco of President in case there was a failnre to
elect either of the candidates now bciore the people.
It was a c..ntlngoncy that he rogarded ss not at all
improbable in tho light of recent even is. li was oue
aiso wnich had nut been provided l?y by the Iramcrs
ol the constitution. They had provided lor certain
other contingencies by which the Presidential olttco
misbt becoino vaiani, as In tho event ol death or Im
peachment, but tbat ol a failure to elect bad been lost
eight ol. It was a question ol uncertain possibilities.
Grant might' not be able lo continue holding olllco
until a successor should bo elected to him at tho end
of another tour yours, lie had noticed that Judge >wun,
?I Columbus, had exprossod an opinion Informally that
the Supreme Conn o( the United dtato* would bsvn
tho power to Issue a writ ol mandamo* In such a case
and deprlvs him of tho office, but adding a cautious
proviso, tbal ho had not given the subject a careful
study. He gave it as bis opinion that audi a writ
could not stand. The Judiciary and the Executive
were cardinal branches of the government, and it was
questionable whether one coulu interleie with aud wipe
out the other, ns this would be doing. He regarded
this quesiion as ono of paramount lmi>ortanee at this
tune. Wbeu asked wbotber bo thought Congress
would be called on again to determine tho question of
tho Presidency bo said it was on sucb a contingency as
that that tbo mattor he had alroady rolerrod to wodld
come up. Tbero was certainly a probability of the
votes of these throe States?of South Caiollna, Florida
and I,ouislana? being Improperly manipulated ?y their
returning boards, or these representatives from
both parties would never have been sent
South to look alter the count. Both parties
scemsd to have a distrust of such a thing, and. realis
ing the danger, nad sent some ot their most distin
guished men. He did not llks to see that the presence
oi the army was thoug.it nocessary. Tho army could
be 11 no avail iu counting vote*, and Its presence car
ried wuh It the idea of compulsory measures. In con*
niufclon Mr. Slansborry said ho would watch tho prog
ress of svoms with tne tnureal ol new uucstlou J
thut were likely to be brought up that might bo o( viial
Importance to ibe existence ot tho guvon, went.
UOJt. UKOIIlik II. VtMll.tTON
?aid ho had raith atlll that the remit lu l.ouitiaoa
would bo lavoruble to Tlldrn. Willi a clear democratio
majority to oceroome tho lteturmug Board would
scarcely dare five the Statu to Mure*. Besides lhal.
he believed the Board, feeling the responsibility that
uerolved upon It, with tho attention ot
the wholo country directed to It, would
be alow- to coin aid to great an outrage.
It waa a common experience that when men
wrre raised to a position u! great responsibility tboir
actions were more apt to be based on justice ttuu when
engaged in tOe minor a It airs ol Bis. So he would uol
loan laitb in South Carolina until he learned that It
bad been dctlniteiy decided agnlust ua. Be had rather
not see the election lor President go Into the House,
if tho tbtng could be avoided. It wae au act
In the naturo ot taking away certain of the rights of
Ilia people. Still, at> a court ol lliiul resort under consti
tutional provision, the House sometime* was called
upon to act. Ho retarded the technical points agaiu-.t
tho udtnisaion of olheera lu inc employ ui the govern
tnent a* electors u* being well taken. It win very
doubtful whether a sun ineligible at the time be w.i*
uppomted to sit ollico could muko himself eligible by
any subsequent act.
11 ON. HUrt'S KINO
was next asked a* to his views, and gave It as his
beliel that the election ol the President would come
bolore Cong: u* dually lu one way or utiolber. 1 lie
contest Would lie so close that when the vote comes
bclore tho two houses to be examined attempts would
almost certainly be tuadu to throw out one or
two State*. This course hail boen resorted to four
years ago, when tho vote* ot Arkauss* and
I.outsiana were thrown nut, and eight yeurs ago, when
that ol Arkansas alone was thrown out. lu both these
cases Congress had i brown out States under the tweniy
sccond Joint rule that is now so much talked about
Without expressing au opiu<ou an to the validity ul that
rule, Mr. King reierrea to the statu* of tho presiding
ofllcor ol ttie senate in making tne count ol vote*. Ho
said;?I think tho language of the constitution make*
Cougrcs* on Joint ballot mo real Judge ot tbu count.
The President ol the .Senate in iio more than the minis
terial olticor of t ougrcsa; lor u is a well-rvcoguizod
fact that, where a law I* ambigyous, cou
leinporary exposition -liiat is, preutdent and
practice?is 10 determine lis Interpretation 1
think you will Und that, if ever ilio
President of the Senate counted tho vote for the i'rt sl
deul ot the I'tilled .Slates. It was by acquiescence and
courtesy, aud lu carps where tho tiual result wus
already known. 1 think, witnout having looked into
the subject specially, that tellers, members of, aud
therefore uuuer ton.nd of. Congress, have usually
heon appointed. Certain y tbu trainers ot the
constitution uevor meant that tho choice of
President should devolve upou ouo man who himself
unghl l>o a OROdniute for the position. This was
the case tu the molest between Thomas .fctlerhon und
Aaron Burr, when the vote stood 73 to 7ii. .letlcr.-on
was bimsell President ot the Senate, and could liavc
declared litinsell President. It was declared, however,
that thero was no election, and Congress dsciucd tho
Issue. But thero Is a belter preoudont than that. It
was tbo llrst idea of the trauiers of the constitution to
allowihe Heuato to select ibe President, thus giving
each State an equal standing This falltug, the
proposition was to allow the Joint Cougress to elect.
Whilo tho debuto on this wus peudtug It was moved
thai in case ot a tie tbo President ol >lio .Senate should
have tbo casting voto. Huh was unanimously voted
down, clearly showing thut it was the Intention that,
in counting, ho was only the servant ol tbo Joint Con
gress assembled, and not judge nod jury ul once.
Jl'ttUK 1IOAUI.KY
was the uoxt gentleman called upon. He admitted
thut tho qutstlon had assumed a gravn aspect (u view
ol the probaulo action ol the returning boards in ibo
Southern .states, (everybody knew what tho Louiki
aua Board had done time und uguiu. The repurl
signod Hon. Charles Foster, of Ohio, and Hon. William
Walter Phelps, presented in Congress, January,
1875, showed up the way tlicy wore uccustomcd
to carry olocnons in tho Stato ot Loulatunu. He
thought there wus nothing to bo oxpectud from either
ol these Southern States which uro considered doubt
ful. He believed, however, that the appointment ot
Watts, tho Oregon postmaster, as ouo ot tho electors
from that State would give the vote to Tilden. That
would secure his election if all else went
against him. Citing Irom a decision iu tho
Oregon reports, voluino 5, page 42IJ. he held that
the mode of canvassing the voto and proclamation of
tho Governor aro substantially only modes ot ascer
taining and publishing tbo result of the vote, aud
theretore that the election of an ineligible mau was in
subsluuce iio election at all, but gave me place to the
one receiving the next highest vote. He also quoted
from the California Reports (vol. 15, page 121), in the
aaso ol Searcy against Grow, In which Judge Fields,
now of thot'nitiid States Supremo Bench, presiding,
gave as an opinion that persons holding a federal ollico
are torbiddeu to lake a civil or Slate ollico while so
holding, aud, quoting words of tpat decision, said tbo
Klain meaning of it is that such federal ofllcor shall not
s eligible to such oflloe; and we understand the
word eligible to mean capable of being chosen,
the subject of election or choice. The people
might select any man they chose, subject only
to this exception, that the man tboy ?elected was
capable of taking what they had the power to give.
But we do not seo bow the fact that be became capa
ble ot taking tne oltlce alter they had exhausted their
power could avail him If bo was not ellglblo ut the time
tho votea were cast for blm. Tbla and sevoral other
authorities on the satno subject and all of them bearing
ibe samo directions led Judge Hoadley to the opinion
that Tiiden had secured the eloctoral voto ho required
in the State ol Oregon.
1ION. MILTON 8AYLKK,
Speaker pro (em. of the House of Representatives at
Washington, had faith still that tbo vote of Louisiana
would be counted fairly. Ho believed tuo State bad
{one democratic, and thought that the presence of so
many distinguished gentlemen from the North In Now
Orleans would deter the Returning Board Irom over
riding the will ot the people. He thought It very pos
sible that there might be some disagreements wtien
they came to count the voto in Congress, but
Still hoped It would be settled to the satisfaction
of all. Ho regarded the ofllce ol tho 1'resideut oi tho
Senate, In connection wttb the count ot the vote, as
simply a ministerial one. Ho was simply to prcsido
over the oount, but tbc count Itself must bo rnuda by
tho two houses. Wlisn asked what his opinions wcro
.on tho twcoty-scoond jolut rule ho begged to bo
excused (Tom giving them, saying that it might possi
bly be construed Into prejudging a case in wblofe bo,
?sa Representative, would be called upon to act
A CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDY PROPOSED?SOUTH
ERN SENTIMENT AS INTEKPBETED BT A VIR
GINIA REPUBLICAN.
Chablottmvillk, Vs., Nov. 23, 1878.
To ths Editor of tub Hskald:?
The liberal tone of jour widely circulated Journal, Its
freedom from partlaan bias and advocacy of all meaa
urea tending to anvanco tbe true internet* end welfare
of oar common country cause* It at tlm dangerous
orlsi* In the afralr* of the nation to wlold a moat potent
InQuence In leading and forming public opinion. In
common with yourself, thoughtful men throughout
the country rogard this as a time of great public peril,
and fear that, should tbe present deadlock result In
counting In a 1'resldent not really elected, the conviction
will become fixed In the public mind that the popular
will has been defeated by fraud, that electors are a
larce, that tbe voiceol tbemajertty does not prevail, end
that, in short, the Republic Itself and republican Instl
ttons based on free suffrage are entire failures. As a
corollary, tbe popular mind, despairing of tbe Repub
lic, will be prepare! for a change in tbe form of gov
ernment, and already In tbls latitude many men say
openly Ibat tbey preler a monarchy; that ihev are
ready for aorae bold band to seize tbe relne, and,
under tbo title of consul, tribune, dictator or king, rule
over the nation. Should (be returning boards In i
Louisiana, South Carolina and Florida give tbo Presi
dency to Hayes, the democratic party will cbargo gross
frauds sad Illegalities, nud If tbe contrary be tbe caso>
and Tlldsn receives tbe return*, tbo republicans
will make the same charges. Whatever tbe result, ono
balf tbe nation will bo sqlleu and discontented undor
au administration honestly Relieved by I bora to be
counted In by frauds. Illegalities and technicalities.
The Hxrai.d very properly rays that tbo people bavo
no coDfldenco in the Impartiality and fairness ol tho
returning boards in (bo three doubtful Southern States
because tbo members all belong to tho tame politics]
parly?viz., tbe republican--which controls those
tWaies, and overlooks the fact that tne returning
beards In Virginia, Mississippi and other Southern
States are wholly In the bands u! mo democratic party.
Tbe Hkhalu Indicates clearly the danger to tbo public
tranquillity and general welfare, and ovcu to repub
lican Institutions, reselling from a partisan returning
board In asmgie pivotal Suite deciding (lie Presiden
tial election and the line ol poucy of ibe admiu.sira
tlon lor lour years; but it uoes not point out now this
ovli can bo avoided in ibe future, nor, so (ar as I know,
lias It been pointed out by any paper or individual; yet
this radical detect In the election machinery ol ibo
country can be wholly remedied by a plain constitu
tional amendment.
WHAT THB PKOPLK HEql'IRK.
The publto peace uud tne maluienauco of our pres
ent lorm of government are far nlmvo and beyond tbo
success ol either political p>riy, and whatever ulsal
fection and distrust m republican Institutions may re
sult I rum the believed fraudulent or il-egat return of
oitber Presidential candidate will d.aappeur or become
insignificant wben the people are satIsflod that ibotr
choice as expressed at the polls cannoi in fuiur* lie
set aside by tbe action b( partisan returning boards
The remedy for the evil atom* to me a plain one. The
constitution guarantees to every Stale a republican
form of government. A republican lonn of govern
ment cannot exist unless tho will of the malorliy pre
vails Tbe Will of the majority amounts to nothing
when returning l>oards are all mmpn-ed ol membors
of tho name political party, as is the case iu Virginia,
1-ouiMana, .South Carolina, Mississippi and other South
ern States.
PRMOcx a tic co.vraoi. or ??.uinkrt.
In Virginia I do not know of a solitary republican
registrar oi election, nor la there a single member or
the State Returning Hoard who la a republican. Tlicro
are sixty precinct judges of elect ion In tbe county ol
Albormarie, In wbiob I reside, and only six of tbom
arc ropublloADt, vet the Slate lew provides, by act
taking eHeel In 1874. that one-third of the precinct
Judgoa shall be taken from the republican party, bat it
docs not provide that any of the registrars ol eleoilon,
who really decide upon the rights ol a citizen to vote
at the time ho it entered on the registration brv.ks,
(ball be laken from the republican party. Tbo con
versa oi the proposition is equally true on tbe republi
can stria In Lontalana and Sooth Carolina, ajut mac htm
in Mississippi. w?der Nd circumstances lb* people
have no cuiilldeure iu election return*, ami one-sided
ru.iuit* ill unubtlul matter*. U nut Hired Irsuds, may
be expected.
I UK KSMKDV. I
Remove this atanillng menace to (be maloleuance or
the Republic nv psseing ? cunetuuilousl amrudweni
ri quiring nue-b ?II ot all registrar*, judge*. rot ruing
board* and oilier olllcera <>l eleclion lo bo composedol
memo?r? ol bo,li political parties, uud. iu caae too
proper Mate autborilie* lull lo comply with lb? >
ve*t me authority to remedy tbe oiuisbiob* i? the tefl
erul aiairict judge*. The ninibtri ot reluming board*,
boards ol Juogea ol election and eouiuy reit.riuug boards
aro cornpoaed usually ol odd number* 10 *ecuro prompt
decisions. A* 10 precincts In counr.es or wards in
ciliea, tlie majority of judge* 01 either parly at oaub or ^
such voting places couid be decided by lot. so as to give ,
each party a majority ol judges at au equal number ol
voting place*. 1 be same rule, ol c?iur>e, could be ap
plied to county aud sum rel'irning boards and to
registrars ol olecliou. Tbo probability ol u new polit
ic.il | arty springing up In tbe country could be pro- |
voted lor bv enact nig that so soon a-a party pol ed a
eerluin number ol votes iu a Stale It should bo cquxlly ^
rcpreaeutou among tlio olllcera ol clectiou.
1 liuve thrown out ibeaa suggestions Hoping tnal tlio
HkhaLD. with itn Usual lairuoss and drsiro lor rclorin, i
would act on iboin and urge tlio matter ou the atten
liou ol Ibe public.
TWO SIUKS TO TI1K IXTIltlbATUlX THKJRY.
Tbo probable clectiou ol Hayes to tlm Preeldency
excites great uurouieol among the deiuocruls, who
aIIoct to be icve mat Tilden b is been clieulod In Loui*
laua. South Carolina uud y londa, and aeem to Inrget
(but the Mississippi ropu lican* wcro abeolutelysoin
timidaled by me *b<dgun policy at Ihoir last. tale
election that Itiey scarcely dared to tuak* e\ en an at
tempt at a cauvass in ibis election. In Una Mate,
wii.cli Is hopelessly democratic, tbo republicans with
no prospect ot success, polled ua large a vole as here,
toiorc, aud the colored voto was as largely republican
as in iUo Uugtioi campaign IU 1!>.J. W hy MiuuIdla
d.llerent tlmo ol things exist in otberu . oulbern
Stales where the republican party ba< the
prestige ot tucces*. local Mate olllcera
everywhere as leaders and ibe couiroi ol tlio election
maoiuueryr U mus. bo the rosuit ol intimidation,
riots at political me. llugs, notices (o leaders
the country. He., lor u ,n idle to suppose tbni any but
n very s'.isut porccniagu ot Hie colored vote can be
boughi, wuilu it isu well known lacl that Ibe black peo
ple as a race are exceedingly peaceable, humble and titn
id According io my view ol it the sbot.un policy does
nol mean n wbolesaio slaugbter of tbo blacks, towurd
wtioiu the whiles ol tlio belier classes entertain
kin ilv leeiiugs: but H means, wberu it lias been carried
out. loo killing, whipping and nutilyiug in lcavo ot
a lew or duiacued uctive black sua winto republicans,
so as io inliiiudiilo tlio rest aud onaolo ihc democrats
to obtain coutrol ol silairs. Occasionally a bloody
allalr lias occurred, like iboso at Cousbatis, Cliutou,
Hamburg, Ac., liul tlio leaders always disavow tbo
responsl ility. What is needed is a healthy public
scutimeut among the butter ciastes of the community,
wluob, it it existed, would pillory at tue bar of pub ic
opinion Ibe youug bloods and
commit iboso outrages, und lead to tliolr luevitublo
lieiccliou ana puowbraeDl.
BUB1NKHS AND SOCIAL OSTRACISM.
ItiUmltl&iiou takes* tlillereni loriu to lilts
IllllUthllUU lltfttn U -v..- ?
viz , turn or hUfetDOFS unit social ostracism-?\wntn
1Z , llltli. UI HUSlucra ??**.*?*
?vcrv Wulio mau who beloogi io the republic.?d
party feel* to a greater or lea* degree. To men
mm two instnnccs?a man wliu was au ardent
republican cam? hero anil wont into boslucss.
Dunug bis euiiro stuy, belug quite poor, no was nira.u
to almw his political vlowsto bo known, and 1 was
carelul not to mention tut lact tbut I bad kuown hnn
us uu active republican In another county. Again, an
luiclhgout gontivman irotn New York ol some moans,
together Willi ins lutiuly, milled iu this county some
years ago. I Jul up it republican, ho dared iu express
his upiuious boiuly una support the ticket openly,
but wanted no otllco inuisell. He told me that not one
lady neighbor had over culled on bis Intnil}. Nortnoru
men who urc democrats are troaicd uluiust ltko othor
people.
TUB t'NIOX BKFORg ALI
AS a consequence ol this mule ol lectins many white
men who are unioni ds at heart, and who believe wltb
me that It was better that tbo Confederacy were a
failure and that on the preservation ol thoL nion de
ncndoit the wcllsre ol the wliolo couutry, North and
South aro alrald to support their real convictions.
Tiiu wuito people, as a rule, have little devotion to t jo
Union and no sanction orrespoct lor tlio nstiounl Hag,
and tn'e only consideration that at all consoles mo lor
the probaole election ol Tildou Is the hope that tuo
doiuocrscy. having coutrol of tbo Uuiou, will learn to
lovo and cherish it, and mako Its maintenance the
chief object in politica; hut how can this be expected
when, itr irt seccssiouisls like Tuckur, Komper and
Uoode icad tlio party In thisStaie and dictate Its policy:
Among 1.500 surviving Conledersto soldiers in tbi*
county llltcen of us are republicans, because we have
no confluence In tbo prolcssed Ln.on principles oi t o
democratic loaders iu our Stale. Weiwe "
hcc.auso tho republican parly saved the Union and la
the Union party of to-day. When ibe republican party
caases to be a Union party tbon wo cease to bo repub
henna.
KXTItKMK DgMOCBATIC BKXTIXIST.
In conversation with u leading democrat ol ray county,
who Is a succosslul business man, be said, tn the pres
ence of sevoral goutlcinen, thst be would rather see a
war belwcoii the Nonh kud West than toseeT.id.-n
Sleeted. I replied promptly lh*t, though I was an un
compromising republican, rather than see such a^war
I wouid give mv voto to lildcu. oven II upon it
Uepoudod tno roault lu tho w hom country. 11 Is but
fair to state that this gontlemau la un extremist, but
vet ho new holds office umler the domocratio party.
I10W TDK XEUKOKS VlgW THli qUltSTIOH.
Pnrlng tho recent campaign 1 spoke In a number ol
counties, and discussed with all coiners, 'r?? "t?
candidate lor CoDgrsss aud Hresidcnttal eloetor down
ward ? and everywhere I told tbe colored people that
they ought, under no clrcomstonces, to support an uu
worthy or dishonest man for ofllce; that, tj they could
not preteni osndidstes coinpnrlug lavorably with the
other side, thoy ought to mako no nominations; that
such had always besn my views, an.l always would be,
and 1 lound that they fully agreed with me on this
Doint and applauded tho ssntimcnt.
A MIXORITV WHO IIOKOR TBI KKDBRAL FLAd.
Among 1,630 surviving ex-Conlcderatcs in this county
orteen ot us alone remember *-hat when tlic civil war
ended the ledcrsl government, controlled by republi
cans made us a free gift ol our liberty, oar lives and
our fortunes, each anu all ot which we bad lorfetloO
by voluntarily following Into secession the tatno le ider
who beads tbe same party to-day; thut the r*P|jJ,l,"n
oartv took no llfo nor conUscatcd no estate, but stld,
simuly and mngnanlinousty, "Cotno hack tnto the
Untou upon equnl terms, with equal rt?his, and all
ehall bo forgiven end lorgotten.' IV e remember tbst,
when the war was over wo lorlod lorever the I"n'1"8
that had Uoatcd over many a stricken hold; our duty
to the Confederacy was dono, our allegiance rotorted
to the I nmn. and wo swore to -hold it Invlol.te end
true forever." That oath wo mean keep throuoh all
time lo come. ALBEMARLE.
HOW THE PRESIDENTIAL IMBROGLIO II IFFECT
INU THE BOOT AND SHOE TRADE OF NEW
KNQLtND?A HOPEFUL OUTLOOK AS SOON AS
THE QUESTION IS SETTLED.
Boston. Not. 25, 1878.
Probaoly tbsre Is not mors capital Invested in any
single branch of commercial Industry In Massachusetts
than that represented by the hundreds of boot and
shoe warehouses which abound In the vicinity ol l'earl
and High streets. Not only the products ol tbo mul
titude of Massachusetts manufacturers, but tuose
from all the rest of the New England facto
ries find their way hero, and thus It Ir
probably no exaggeration of fact to ostlmnlo that
Boston is to-day the great boot and shoo market of the
country. In view of this circumstance it Is Interest
log to noto tua condition of tbo business and trndo
sluce the advent of tho Presidential and political
problems which are now attracting such universal at
tention, anil with this idea a Hskald c irrospomlent
has Interviewed several of the representative dealers
and manufacturers. This Is what la denominated among
the trade as ''bolweeu seasons," nod the New England
manufacturers are about bringing their buslnos* to
a clone (so far as oxccutlng orders at present prices are
couecrued) and preparing to take tbo annual account of
stock. That examination will not, It Is thought, show
thorn that they have nindo much money during the
past year, nod the recent sudden rise In the prlco el
leather?a rise equal to Irom flltcen to twenty per cent
upon sole and Irom ten lo flltecu upon upper?ad
monlshos them to proceed with more thun usual cau
tion.
A FALLING OrF IN RHIPMK5TS.
Ol late tho shipments have been steadily decreasing,
and ihey are likely to continue lo fall oil during the re
mainder of too year. In laklug orders lor ilio nest
yenr it will be necessary lor ibo buyer aud seller to have
u now undemanding, lor, although an advuncv hasbveu
obtained on some lines of goods?such is boots, bro
gaus and plough shoes?the advauuo must be made to
cover all linos,
AN L'KCKKTAIX LKATIIKK MAKKKT.
The uniiiulacturcrs are In u state of perplexity about
the leather market and dure not purrna-e largely, lor
nl this season ol the your leather should accumulate
aud prices rule low, tionco It Is they prefer lo cleau up
ihcir did stork.
F.FFKCT OF THK PRKSIIIBNTIAI, IMBROGLIO.
Some ol the inunufuciurora have sent ihuir runners
South mid West, cut the nomher may almost be
counted upon the lingers Had prices ot material been
established and no election dillicuittes arisen (bey
wuu'd hare gone off In ^llocks. Now it is
thought lull late to send tbem, even If tb e
I'riMtdentlal question was settled. Then, again. It la
thought the jobber* would not he content to pay the
advauce which will heve to be pat upon the goods
without personalty looking through the market. Last
season many ol them hesitated to pav the market
price, but those who did so secured an advantage,
t he same thing may happen again ibis season, lor
attempts to break down the market are not unusual.
SMALL hlTFLIKS ON ft AND.
In regard to the supplies ol boots and shoes, all unite
In saying there are scarcely any mad* np, so If manu
laoiurers take the matter caiinly they have tbo ad
vantage. Whether they will do this or not
is uncertain. Samples ore being mado up
by many Brms, mid style voters largely
Into their calculations. In feet, taking the
specialty ol ladles' machine-made pegged slides, nod
not hln* else hut style, cloeo buying and at too mm lo
de'slls enables tne New England manufacturer* to
hold their owo against competition. While it is ad
mitted that cheap goods sell more readily than the
high priced, yol the uianulaoturera are preparod lo
lurn out both classes. In the matter of rubbers the
demand has net been brisk, nnd It is difficult lo main
tain the advaueed prion pieced upon them last spring.
A season ol sloppy weather would be bailed with de
light hv tnauv wha have an ovarsicok an hand, >?
' important branch of bualneaa now la tbc maun.'actor*
!
cmi.mirs'a ajiOK*.
These have sold well, and no small amount of monoy
j baa beeu made on them. Tiio improvement in me
style ami quality ol tbe goods baa beon retnnrkable,
| for which tbe credit la largely due to tbe example* act
by hnM Philadelphia manufacturers. Another branch
1 01 ih<-trade which is nourishing la tbo manufacture ol
"aaie aiieti," or si o?a Intended to occupy a nicbe bo
tweeu hand-madeusid ordinary iii.ictnnr-in vie goods.
In tbia lion remarkable improvement* havo been ntro
duced botb lu style au<l aolidnv, and at tbe time time
1 tbe co-t i* moderate
tiik outlook.
When po niral mrlteranio adjusted the business trill
! probably revive. So lar a* the New Knglsud trade la
. coucerned It I* fair, couaidvrn.it tbc paucity ol tupplies
! throughout the country. There are lew complaint*,
and. with <|uicl restored, tbe outlook lor the coming
winter I* decidedly favorable lor the laborer nn<i manu
facturer. <>t course, much uepcuda upon .mprure.
meni* if the trade I* to ilourish, and muen alao depend*
upon ibo integrity of the man niacin rers. Hitherto
the Boston dealer* "have lound that their Integrity in
the lulti.incnt of coutrncta stood tliem in good stead.
Tbt* was particularly altowu after the great I lost on lire.
Indeed their fair and honorable course during tb?
onto 11 secured to thrtn an I in rca?e ot business win b
it is Impossible to estimate, and it stands to Ittuil
interest to maintain their good namo in the future.
MINORITY PRESIDENTS.
[From the Chicago Timea.)
Thrre la no instance in tbe history of this country
wbero a candidate lor tbo Presidency who has *ro
toived a majority ot tbe votes cart has failed of else
tlon. Mr. Ttltleo rec?!vod auob malority. And tbert
is no Instance, excopt tbe case of Johu Qulnoy Adams
wbo?o election was In tbo House, where a minoritj
1'rcsidont did not obtain a plurality. Hayes baa not
even a plurality.
Let us look at tbo voto la these cases. In 1834,
when Adams was elected by tho House, tbore wers
four ProMdontiul candidates, and tbe popular voto wai
as lollows:?
Andrew Jackson 162,899
.lidiu tjuiucy Adams 105,3'Jl
William II. Cr.iwiord. 47.2flJ
Henry Clay 47,081
lu this case no ono candidate bad a majority ovoi
all. Jackson, who bad a largo plurality of the tota
vote, lailnd of olcction, because ol tbe combiuationi
which were mado against hltn in tbo House. Ii
elected at this time ho would havo been a minority
President. The electoral college. In which there wai
nu choice, stooj?Jackson, 90; Adams, 84; Crawford,
41, aud Clay, 37.
'/.acbury Taylor was nnothor minority President
Tbe vote in 1848 was as follows:?
'/arhary Taylor 1,302,031
Lewis Ons* 1,222.443
Martin Van Huron 291,078
Thus, though Taylor tailed by a majority ot tbo popu
lar voto, he bad a rcsprclublo plurality over his princi
pal opponent.
In I860 Buchanan, the choice ot the Electoral Col
lege, was not tbe choice ot a majority ol tho people.
Tito vote was as lollows: ?
James Ituclinnan 1.860.fMfl
Joint 0. Fremont 1,334,633
Mnlsrd Fillmore 886,900
The popular majority against Uuchauiia was soutu
400,OUO votes, but he, loo, had a plurality.
'1 bo exciting election ol 18u0 i* still vividly remem
bered, and the tact that Lincoln lost the popular ma
jority, though succeeding in tne Electoral College, was
the occasiou, though it cuu hardly be said that it was
tho cause, or the Southern secession. Tho popular
voto that year was as follows:?
Lincoln 1,860,462
noughts 1,875,157
Breckinridge 847,963
Boll 590,631
Adam*, Taylor, Buchanan and Lincoln are, so lar as
wo have any record, tbo only m norlty Presidents, so
called. It was alleged, but "without certainty, that in
1801, when he was succosslul against Burr. Jeflor-on
was not the popular cholco. Ail tho other Presidents
not only received the constitutional majority in tbe
Electoral College, but wcra also tbe choice ol the poo
pie. It is apparont, then, that if Mr. Ttlden
lull of election bis will be tbe first esse In tho
annals of tho raited states whore a candidate who
has received a majority over all oppononu loses the
election. And It is apparent also that while Mr. Hayes,
It ho bo couuiod in, will bo cla-sel with the minority
presidents, ho will differ in mi Taylor, llucbanan and
Lincoln, In that lie in tied of even a plurality. He will
rauk with John Quincy Adams, who had neither a ma
jority nor a plurality. Countod in by the rascality of
carpet baggers, with the llouso of Kepresontanves
against lmn, with lae popular majority of :he couutry
lu favor ol Ins opponont, bo will be aptly doscrlbcd aa
a scrub President.
NEW YORK.
OFFICIAL TABLE or TBE tote of tbe state.
Alhamy, Nov. 25. 1878.
Tbe State Canvassers concluded their session to-day
The following Is the official table of tbo vote in tbt
State;?
Count its.
Titden,
Hayes, | Majorities,
Item.
He,,.
Deni.
Rep.
Albany
17.412
16.462
1,180
Allegany
3,741
0,739
2 998
llruoutc
6,424
6,700
1,342
Cattaraugus
6,064
0 718
1,664
Cayuga
4.120
8,957
2,837
Chautauqua
6.88,'.
10.966
?
4.3S0
Chemung
6,226
4.73C
498
_
Chenango
4,826
6.173
1,248
A 5(|;>
Columbia
6,309
8.791.
610
Cortland
2.042
4.038
?
1.398
pclawiiro
6 272
6,807
695
Dutchess
9.102
9,601
399
Kria
19,633
20,298
1,765
ysscx
2.996
4.477
1,523
yraukliu
2,940
4.104
1,168
yuiton
4.231
4,202
31
r.cnesec.
3,321
4,362
1,001
Greene
4,771
3,078
1.093
?
Hamilton
649
322
217
?
Herkimer
6,212
6,900
?
754
Jefferson
7.094
9,277
?
2,133
Kings
67.666
39,006
18,490
?
I.cwl?
3,70s
3,810
98
_
Divines ton
4,249
6.207
?
1.0-23
Madison
4.701
6.083
?
1,9-22
Monroe
13.127
14,738
?
1,611
Montgomery
4,700
4.458
#08
?
N,.w York
112,639
68,581
63.969
?
Niagara
6,8'Jl
6,575
a:o
1,178
Oncld i
12,84-1
14,019
?
Onondaga
11,101
14,809
?
3,704
Ontario
6,627
6,334
?
807
Orange
9,770
9,430
346
?
Orleans
3,117
4,262
?
1,135
Oswego
7,417
10,224
?
2,411
Otsego
7,027
6,859
108
?
Putuant
1,806
1,949
?
144
Queens
9.094
8,970
3,024
?
Rensselaer
12.928
12,264
072
?
Richmond
4.338
3,883
1,465
?
Rockland
3,494
2,349
1.146
-?
Saratoga
0,497
7,484
?
991
Schenectady
2,1140
2,689
377
?
Schoharie
6,324
3,849
1,776
?
Schuyler
2 266
2.860
?
608
Seneca
3.613
3,076
637
?
St. I-awroncc
6,784
13.461
?
7,677
Steuben
8,803
9,762
?
959
Suffolk
5,801
6,589
316
?
Sullivan
4,4trJ
3,202
1,240
?
Tioga
3,906
4.075
669
Tompkins
4,<c28
5,032
?
1,004
lister
10,036
8,914
1,724
Warren
2.063
3,136
?
472
Washington
4,816
7,303
?
2,488
Wsyno
6.1U9
7,081
?
1,902
Wcetrhoster
12,080
9,574
2,470
Wyoming
3.2001
4,428
?
1.162
Yates
2,0461
3,327
?
1,281
Totals
822,6181
489,529
The minority for the Tlldon electors Is 32.980. There
were alto temperance, greenback and mlscellaneoui
tickets in the hel l, which received respectively as hers
enumerated?2,359, 1,987 and 1,377 Totes, with 46)
votes scattering, making a total vote in the State oi
1,018,221.
THE MISSISSIPPI JETTIES.
[From the Now Orleans Picayune.]
We lenru that for some time post the channel ba>
tween the Jetties at the mouth of tho Mouth Pass ha)
been every whoro more than 200 feot wide lor a depth
or twenty lost at an averago flood tide, and that in the
middle of this wide obaunol the depth Is equal to Iron
twenty-two and a half to twenty-three Icet at the
highest tide at tbo South pass, whan a rango of three
leel tide, with a channel depth of ten and a half feet,
lor from 80 to 100 leel In width, Is usuolly reported al
Southwest Pass. Therefore it is seeo that tho jellies
have given, although iu ait Incomplete state, a magnifi
cent chancel across iltu South P.i?s bar to the sea twice
n* wide ami several le*t deeper than bas ever boen oh
Mined across the Southwest Pais bar.
We are Informed thai tho works required to conline
the flow ol water from tho main river, nbove the com
mon head of the passes, into Sooth Pass, so as to se
cure a like deep cbanoel entrance to Soetb I'asaovei
the rivor middle ground shoal shove lie head, are
being energetically prosecuted wltn every prospect of
early success. Alresdy, notwithstanding the low stags
of the river, the one-dipper dredge liost at work there
to expedite the culling out of u ueep channel ontrunoe
bas succeeded, as we are assurod, in obtaining a depth
of Inlet of from twenty to tweniy-two feet across
this shoal, which the tidal current suffices to
maintain and widen. Soon, we are told, two morn
powerlul dredges will bo put lo work there, aud,
with three boats working together, an entraaca chan
nel across this hard sand, middle ground shoal, or suf
ficient width sad depth lor the largest class of oceal
steamers, evru at thepresvat low river stage, may be
expected at aa early date. With the river at tha
height it was three months ago we wonld hove evan
now a cloar aud unobstructed channel of Bore than
twenty two leel In deptb, from New Orleaua to tlM
sea. lit rough Sooth I'aaa.
Tbis long looked aud hoped lor desideratum, "an
open river mouth," terms at last 10 be near of accom
plishment. and wo take pleasure In congratulating the
mcrchanta ol our city on the prospect of the revival al
ttuur hnaleeaa hist Mull tbaNfrat