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deftuitlon ot the terra "radical," as used at lb* present - time, was a nan who was lu earnest. Mr. Gladst'ne alao praised the efloru which Birmingham bad made to solve '.tie educational difliculty by the adoption of a purely secular system. The Timet, in a leader yesterday, said:?' Mr. Glad fctone is now pr?-eininently the liberal leador, or, lot us auy with hitj opponents, the radical leador. All that has the truo and clear ring of liberalism in the coun try, all that may be countod upon to endure and have wo ght in any future contest between the two great parties uf the stale, now attaches itaell to his name.*' A.V OP1MOM PHOM JOHN S RIOU I'. Mr. Bright considered that last autumn's agitatiou on the Eastern question, and the tact that Thursday's meeting was the greatest political meeting aver held within walla, showed that the liboral party wa? in a healthy state. iiihappraraxcb or tub kimbkkpkst. The Gaxrtte yesterday contained various noticos pro Tiding for the romoval ol precautions against tr.? rin derpest by th<i30ib insL, hy which date It is hoped all fear or it will be ended. UKI-RCftSKD STATE OP Tit IE COTTO.V TR.li>E. The cuttou spinners ol Oldham have held a meeting, at which they decided to call a meeting ol the whole trade to consider the advisability of working on short lime, in view of the present depreseion of the trado. TIB QUEXX or UOM.AMD. A despatch from The Hague declares tbe Queen ol Holland !h much worse and her recovory ia considered impossible. A KKVO&CTIO* IX THE Sot'DA*. Letters from Khartoum confirm tbe report ot a revo lution in Darfur. Gordon Pacha. Governor ot Moudani wus at Khartoum on May 2. It was expected he would proceed to the disturbed districts. MXK. TITIB.NS. The physicians are satisfied with the improvement In iho condition of Mme. Tltiens. A QAI.B IN K5QI.AND. Six chimneys, recently built for an extension or tbe royal sun factories at Woolwich, wera blown down by the gale yesterday. j THE MOBMON ASSASSINS. AN INVESTIGATION INTO TBE ATTEMPT ON THE HERALD CORRESPONDENT'S LIPS?TESTIMONY taken. Salt Lakk, Jnne 1, 1877. A meeting or prominent citizens ww held at the Walker House this kite ration to investigate the report or the attempted assassination or Mr. still sou, the Nkw York (Ikbald correspondent. Mr. J. Little was culled upon to preside. The testimony ol a number ol'persona was taken, among whom wus that of the pro- | pnetor and several waiters. ' The investigation was not concluded. j SHOCKING RAILROAD ACCIDENT. TWO PERSONS INSTANTLY KILLED AND SEVEN TEEN SEBIOL'SLY INJOBUD?NAMES OP THE YI0T1M8?AN EXl'RESB TRAIN OP FOUR CARS OPP THE TRACK?PANIC AMONG THE PASSEN GERS. * [BY TELEGRAPH TO THE HERALD. ] Scbanto!*, Pa., June 1, IS77. A painful wall swept over tbe wires to this city to night bearing tbo sud news of a shocking railroad acci dent on tbe Lebigb Valley road, near Wyaluslng, where an express train laden with passengers ran off the tract, killing two persons and injuring several, tome of whoso names it is Impossible to ascertain at ?his lato hour. TUB VICTIMS. Mrs. Rower, of Scrauton, Instantly killed. Mrs. Hickey, of Towanda, Pa., instaDtly killed. Mrs. Willard, wife ot E. N. Willard, a prominent lawyer or Scranton, and daughter of Mrs. Hower, supposed to be fatally injured. John Kupert, a laborer, who accompanied Mrs. ? Hower, wbo was an invalid, both legs broken. Fifteen others whose uames could not be learned were seriously wounded. details or the n is ASTER. Mrs. Hower and Mrs. Willard were on their way to tbe residence of Mrs. Ingham, a daughter of the former, at Camptown, some five miles beyond Wyalu slng, in Bradford county. Tbe tragic occurrence look place at a lonely part of tbe roau, about four miles this side of Wyaluslng, where the train run oir the track shortly before lour o'clock in the afternoon. A large number of passengers were on the triiin. The panic among the passengers, when tbo fatal plunge occurred, was (earful, ond amid the confusion which reigned at tbe sad scene (or hours afterward bearing the wounded trom tbo wreck it was simply impossible to gather lull details. St'RCIAI. TIIAIN DKSPATCHBD. The news ol trio accident spread like ligntnlng through this city, where tho killed and wounded have a large uumbor of relatives and friends. Immediately upon the news bein? toccived hero a special traiu was placed at the disposal ot Mr. Willard, Dr. Squires and Charles Matthews by tbo Delaware and Western Company, aud they proceeded to Pittaton, wbere another train was in walling on the Lehigh Valley road to convey them to the scene of tbo accident, lorty miles distant from horr. LATKK. Jt.VK 2?1 P. ?f. Tl;o sptoiat train has just arrived here with the re. mains of Mrs. Hower and two ot tbo wounded. Two persons* were instantly killed?Mrs. Hickey, of Towanda, and Mrs. Howcr, of Fcraaton?and seven teen were injured. Five or the injured aro expected to uie. Four passenger coacnes were crashed IB pieces. EXECUTION. ~ Sa* Fiuvciaco, Muy :;i, is;:. Juan Solazai was bunged to-duy at gan Kafaol (or murder. HOT WEATBEB. Boston, June 1, 1877. This was the hottest day ot the season in New Fr-gland. The thermometer registered ninety-one de grees in the shade here, and In somo parts or Now Kuitiund mc merenry touched as high us nlnei?-live cleg raw. MIDNIGHT WiiATHER REl'ORT. War Difart?u.nt, \ Office op thb Ciiikv siu.nai, Opi'ickr. { \V AHUlXuTOK, June ??1 A. M. ) Indication*. For New Koglund nod tbo Middle Atlantic State?, ?Utlouary or liamg barometer and tcmpcrnturc, bouth ea*t to southwest winds an t clear or partly cloudy weather. l or the South Atlantic states, stationary or rising barometer and temperature, wituls tuunliy trorn north east to southeast and clear or partly cloudy weather. For the Gulf Staio*, nearly stationary or ri*ing barometer, stationary temperature, southerly winds in tho Fast Gulf States, and clear or partly rloudy woatbor, and in the West Gait States partly cloudy woatbtfr and possibly oucasiouai rains. I'or Tennessee and tbe Ohio Valley, rising barom eter, (stationary or lower temperature, winds mostly Irom south to west, clear or partly cloudy weather it t enneuae and partly cloudy weather wtth rain areas in ibe Ohio Valley. For the Lower Missouri and L pper Mississippi vultcys, rising barometer, tailing temperature, winds variable, j>ut mostly Irom tbe west and clear or partly cloudy weather. For the lake region, nearly stationary or rising barometer, stationary or lower temperature, w.uds mostly from southeast to southwest, and partly cloudy weather, with rain areaa. The lower Missouri River will ris& Tbe lower Mississippi River will fall below tit Louts, except at New Orleans. __ _ THE WEATHF.B Yl.ST.FJt DAY. Tbe following record will sbow the changes to the temperature lor the past twenty -lonr hours. In com parison with tbe corresponding date of last year, aa indicated by tne thermometer at Huduut'a pharmacy, MsaAU) Building: 1878. 1877. 187* 1877. 3 a. M ?>? W 8:30 P. M 82 <il ? A. M 42 0 P. M OH H-2 V A. M <# 77 U P. M 00 70 12 M 6f> 82 12 P. M. 6? 71 Avorape temperatnre yoMerdny Av? rage temperature lor corresponding dato last year OS.hi THE WAR Fortifying the Turkish Capital for a Siege. THE CAMPAIGN IS ASIA. Condition of the Turkish Army? . Fighting Near Kars. A MONTENEGRIN VICTORY. Awaiting the Czar's Arrival to Cress the Danube. Ml'TIW ON AN LMiLISH IKON-CLAD. 'DT OABLJE TO THX HF.Bi.LD.] London. June 2, 1877. Froin Per a the Herald correspondent announces that plans fur the proposed fortification of Coustao* tluople are being prepared with all possible care and despatch, as if the Turkish government had made up their minds for a siege. COVEBINO CONSTANTINOPLE. in view of the massing ol such a largo force of Rus slans in Konmania, with the very evident object of marching on Adrianople, if not on the capital, It has been dccided to begin without delay the establish ment of a defensive line west of Constantinople, so as to completely cover the dry irom a land attack. The nature of the country admits of the selection of many such lines, but the one best adapted tor the purpose is that which runs Irom Bujuk Chekmadje on the sea of Marmora to Derkous on the B'.acK Sea, and distant from Con stantinople at its nearest end, the Kuchuk Chek madje, about eight mlies. The surface of the penin sula, on the extremity of which tlie capital stands, is very much broken by ridges and deep ravines. One main ridge extends northward and then north eastward irom the Lake Bujuk Chekmadje toward the eastern end of Lake Dei nous and thence to the Black Sea coast. Another extends parallel with the coast and is called the lesser Balkan range. The third continuous ridge c.\ tends from Constanti nople northwestward toward Lake Demons. The area u therefore divided into th ree distinct sections possessing their own peculiar adaptabilities for de fence. i THE SELECTED LINK. The line selected, however, has been described as crossius the peninsula In a northwesterly direction from Bujuk Chekmadje to Lake Dernous. it is on this that the new works will be constructed which, it is believed, will render Constantinople impregnable. Strictly speaking, ihla line curves to the westward with its highest summit overlooking Lake Dernous. In its front the lake 01 Bujuk Chek madje, and the streams that drain into it, form a complete cover for fully half the line, as the ground in the valleys at the head of the lake are extremely marshy, and it is possible to cause artificial innndation at many points by simply damming the streams. On the other half tne line Is covered by the streams draining into Lake Der nons. The marshes about the lake and the steeply scarped shore line, on which a landing cannot be easily made. There Is actually only one point where the line can be reached except by crossing rivers, marshes or deep ravine-like valleys. That point is a little south of Lake Dernous, hut is easily guurded. AN AKKL'Ot'S UNDERTAKING. At present two small works flank it. The bridge at Bujtik Chekmudje being closed a Russian army should force the road from Chutsulda to Constanti nople. with all the works itud the succession of deep valleys intervening belora thej could turn Hie main line. Hut this they could scarcely do, us they could never deploy sufficiently to neutralize the works that enmmaud that roa<L At points further north than Chatsalda, such tt? Xataclikio, the diffi culties would tie, if anything, greater, because a looting Tor a largo force should first be gained ou the main ridge, and the army, in such a position, would have its right flank completely exposed to a sortie en manne of the defenders, and would besides have swamps aud ravines previously crossed on Its reur. The length of the defensive line Is about twenty-one miles, the available iront lor attack being only one-third of that length. The line is crossed by several roads, all of which con verge at Constantinople. By these troops can be hurried from the capital to almost auy poiut that is seriously threatened. The Const ant Inople rail road to Adriauople and Philippopolls will lnrnish a valuable means of transporting heavy pieces from the city to the line ol defence when prepared for tiicir reception. son* amw> FonrrriKn. The fortifications of soil a, on which thousands of men have been working lor months, arc now com plete aud mounted with Krupp gums. They arc considered very strong. VOVKMKM* ON THK DAK I'UK. The fourteenth Hussion army corps has been unified to relieve the KKveutli at ihilatz and the latter will proceed to Plorjestl. The Fourth, six teenth and Fourteenth corps will be formed into a separate army, to be under the command of the famous General Todlebeu. The mm**) Turks lying at Kustchnk and Hitistrla nre held in readiness to move to any point threatened by the ltussians.su as to check their advance until help arrives frotn Shumlu. A few days ago, according to a Vienna despatch, the commanders or several army corps reported to the (fraud Duke Nicho las that the crossing of the Danube was necessary in consequence of the san itary condition of the army. The hlghiaeiis or Bulgaria are uiii'li preferable to the Rouuiauian swamps. The sick list of the army la very large. A heavy canuonade has been heard at Sullna. it is rumored that a Russian squadron has attempted to tome an entrance into the sullna mouth of the Douube, in order to assist at the crossing of the troops. A Mkopoils despatch says the Hussions are concentrating rapidly nt Aghlavlo aud Turnu. They are expected to commence movements almost immediately. The Danube is falling very quickly. Telegrams from several other points on the river agree that the Danube is falling. It was announced two nights ago that three Kus. tan monitors from Akjemman had managed to paw the Rutins month or the Dannie notwithstand ing u brisk ilre from tiie Turkish shoro baitenes and went further up the Duuulie A despatch from Varna, dated Thursday tight, say?:?1 lie Turkish guuboatu stationed Ucie have It'll for Sulina. HUBTINtf vr i.MitL Tiio IlHHu.ti corrrK|K>udoul at .SL Petersburg tricjrraphs that an oillciui report received iu that city ftom 1 iriiH announce- tlia1 an cngagcmcut lias taken place outside Kar.s between the 1'ussian be sieging force and the Turkish garrison. The action was very sharp, and resulted in a decisivo advan tage for the Russia us. The Turks lost the outlying lntrenchments on three sides of Kars, with two guns and a large quantity of ammunition. The Russian lost was V men tilled, and the Turks lost 100. THE CAXPaIOM 1\ ASIA. The Herald correspondent iu Vienna states that the reported rccapture of Ardahun by the 'lurks la believed In that city to be correct. Jt was effected, it Is alleged, by the former garrison, who had taken the road to Batoura, but unexpectedly turned back and taking the Russians unawares made a sudden dash on the town and succeeded in dislodging the Russians, in consequence of this reverse the Russian right wing will, it is thought, be obliged to retire aguln irom Olti, to which point their advance had been pushod ior ward. According to intelligence received in Vienna from Krzeroum to the ?th of May tho Turkish right wing was ?rhelou?uti from Surpohannes through CaJental to Delubaha with Its advance posts at Toprak-Kaloh. There they are opposed ouly by about t.ooj Russians. All the dis posable Turkish troops, Including the Xlzzur, are being hurried to the front, and a formidable lorce is now gathering at Krzeroutn, where a vigorous stand will be made against the Russians. At Kop ratini alone there are h,ooo men. A telegram dated Frzerouiu, yesterday, says the Russians are cuunouadiug Kuradagh, ami that the Turksare replying. An Important movement is be ing carried out by the Ottoman forces from Van. The Russian leit wing has made a tre.ili movement upon Kara-Kiliesa and Toprak-Kaieli. A detach ment of tho Russian right Is seriously threatening Olti and Nar.man. Mukhtar I'acha is failing back on Kheobassan. A column of trodps from the army near Knrs hus been sent In a southerly direction to watch the movements of a Turkish loreo which has appeared at Sogliaull. THE TUHEISH AHMT BAHI.Y UUmJEO. Another despatch from Vienna has the following:?"One thing see^ns. pretty cer tain, that for one reason or auother, possibly for several, delay has occurred in tho Russian advance in Asia. Possibly even the necessity ol sending some of tho re serve troops irom trans-caucasus to secure communication tnrougli the Caucasus may have contributed to retard the advance Fortunately for Russia, the Turkcs seem scarcely In a posltlou to take advantage of this de lay. All accounts irom the spot agree that the condition or their forces is cveu worse tliau. generally believed. They are considerably fewer than has been assumed, and, with the exception of arms, lack everything requisite for an army in the Held. There seems even to be hardly any reserve stock of ammunition, esnecially lor the artillery. It Is impossible to expect that all these shortcomings can be remedied before the Russians push lorward to Krzeroutn. IX THK CAUCASUS. The following telegram lias been received in St. Petersburg from the headquarters of the Army of the Caucasus, dated May 31:?"A more pacltlc feeling Is uoticeable among the population of the Kabelcti district (in front or Batoum). The In habitants are surrendering their arms to the Rus sian authorities, lleavy rains continne to impede ope rations.'' A lresh rising has occurred in the Terek districts. The insurgents were dispersed by the troops. One body of 300 Insurgents*lost eighty killed and loo prisoners. A aoVi'KNKUKI* VIC'TORV. The Herald correspondent at Ragusa telegraphs that the Montenegrins have assumed the offensive and have already gained an advantage over the Turks. Their advanced guard have captured a Turkish blockhouse near Krtstalz, with its garrison and their arms. ' DISASTER TO THE MONTENhUHIXS. The Hehald correspondent in Vienna reports that a despatch has been received In Constantino ple from .Sultenian Pacha, the commander or the | Turkish forces in ller/egovina operating agaiust the Montenegrins, announcing thut a party of Mon tenegrins, who had been lately on a marauding ex pedition Into Herzegovina, have been totally destroyed. The Turks had laid a mine at Plva, and by reigning a retreat tempted tho Montenegrins to follow, when the mine was tired and, according to the Turkish commander's report, they were all killed. ! NO TRUTH IX THE I'KAl'E HUMOUS. The Herald correspondent iu Itcrliu reports that in well iurormcd circles In that city tho rumors re. cently circulated abont the prospects of peace meet with but- little credence. It Is looked upon as j simply absurd to think that any chance of peace | could exist before one decisive battle has been fought Many Herman newspapers of approved i trustworthiness have published articles strongly ' cautioning the public against a too ready accept- j ance of these rumors. The Turkish charge 1 d'Atfliires at. Iterlln has given an official denial J to the report that auy mediation with a view to peace is in progress. I The official Abcn('i>osf, or Vienna, publishes j intelligence from St. Petersburg that the Russian Ambassadors at l.ondon, Vi enna and Merlin. who * recently nr rived ai Ht. Petersburg, were called thereby Prince Oortschakoff to consult on the best, means to ac celerate the conclusion of peace with the co-opera tion of the Powers. THK tV.AIl'S MOVKMUXrs. The t zar's arrival at Plocjestl, which has been looked forward to with sii>;b Interest all over Ku ropc as being the signal for tho passage of the Danube, Is reported by the Hkuu.d in Vienna to be uncertain on account oi varioa* causes of delay. The line* of railway by w huh the Oar must travel are interrupted in nine different places, and some further del#* will be ncctvsary for f heir repair. It is slated that the t'znr Is willing to undertake chief command as the Kmperor William did in Die Franco-ficrinau imit. The Danube will \<tt crossed the day after the Czar's arrl\al on iu banks, proba bly June 10. tin the Czar's arrival at PloejesM a council or war will be held, and orders are to be given for crossing the Danube at Ibrall and Tornu-Magiircll. An ira portani demons)ration nnder PrlnceChar.es will be inadc irom Kulalut. A despatch from Vieuna dated Friday night re ports that extraordinary precautious have boen taken relative to the Czar's Journey. Already trains usually used for imperial journeys have twice passed along Hie Hahclsn railways, all the windows being closely curtained. Kacb time It was be lieved the Czar had passed. Twelve regiments of horsegnards will be sent on In advance by twenty-lour separate trains. The Russian army on the Danube is to be increased to 400,000 men. Provision contracts have been made ror this sum mer. Russia's difficulties. A correspondent at Paris says:?"It Is now well known what the real difficulties of the situa tion sre. Russia can only csnape the more threatening consequences ot her undertaking by promptly and energetically limiting It. It Is evident that the day Scrvia takes part la the war or Roumanian ^roops crow the Danube Austria will occnpy one or both principalities. lhen the real Kastcrn question will then commence, Cer tainly Ku?eI* u doing hor utmost to keep Hervta back The difficulty raised as to the command ot the Rou manian troops Is only another effort to prevent tno Roumanian ariny irom crossing the Dauubo. Bat Hoasia has no longer mnch influence over the Servians who she abandoned snd humiliated. An early explosion la Servta may, therefore, be feared. The Czar mm ihl*. It Is said If be joins tbe army it will be lo arreat It alter the tirsi victory to ' negotiate rapid it with the Saltan, and finish the fir bolore ii devclops these threatened complications. THIS Blluur Of Til Ik AI1MX A>0 Pholl.o. The spirit of tUo l<ussi?u people, tbo influence ol 1 UiO Slav comiuitiocs auJ the ei.lhusissm of (lie I army are feared. It is asked wboiner the Em peror's pretence will suffice to eutonutor tbis i tljrco.folJ eieiuaul. .Some people lhiu? the cession of ? Batoum lu.gLit sitirlr every una, without alarm- ! lug anybody. list ? I hit; opinion t? not j very generally he.d in Russia. The arrival I of the Emperor amid the army 1- uwartod by | all with anxiety It is hoped he will act wlib promptitude, which will prevent the cotu j plication dreaded, acd tbat a* s >on us bo i appears disposed to terminate tho war Europe 1 Will bo ready to second him. It i? on ! this hypothesis that the sltuulioa In France ' is regretable, as she might be surprised by events in tier present unsettled condition, anil be ' unable to exercise her influence in tavor ol peace. IN UOSMA A.VD HK1CUOV1XA, Letters Irom Sarajevo stale that a great battle has bees (ought with the Insurgents at Eivno. A Danils grad desputrb saysTlie operations of the Turkish army appear to havo at lust commented. The troops la tho Herzegovina are moving toward Krslaz. At the same time two battalions from I'adgu vitza have occupied and inlroucbetl positions betwoeu Zeia and and Susril/a, clase to tho Iroutier. In Bos nia anarchy aud sulle'riujs sro'on tbe Increase. The bands ol DespotovllcU are utterly eu< lllcicnt, retreat ing continually before the Bushi-lluxouk*. a haois or uinunixT, Count Scbouvalotl will leavo St. Petersburg ou June 4, and will, it appears certaiu, bo ibo bearer of a semi-official uole to bo first pri vately eomuuokcutcd to I.ord Derby, aud i( its terms be accepted by htm to be sent iu the form ol a circular to ibo other Power*. It is thought tho note will have as a basis declarations made tu tbe English Parliament, uu<i certain assurances that Russia will not strike at auy English Interests, as aetlned in Mr. Cross's speech lu Parliament. Ii is, however, asserted, und I givo this nows uudur reserve, in spile of the exccilciii source irom which it Is derived, thai Russia loresliudoivs a case in which she mi^hl lu Ibo very interest ol' a speedy conclusion ol | pcico be led lo occupy temporarily oven Constauli Duple in order to oblige tho Turks to acknowledge their dofoat. A Paris despatch says Prince liorteclialcjlf has sub milled a programme to Ills mastor, which the latter has accepted, 'the complete neutrality ot Servia is ono of its chief point.-'. ' MUTINY O* AM KNOI.ISH IROH'CLAD. There was recently an emeuie an board Her Majosty's Iron armor-plated ship Alexandra, flagship ot the Mediterranean t>quaQrou, Ii is stated in con-te queuce of the stringency of dlscipliuo and the unusual severity of pumshmeuts. Tbe Wuole of one watch refused to do uuiy nud threw the sights ot tbe guns ovarboard. Three of tho insult ordinate* were sentenced to lorty-iwo day?' impris onment aud sent home in the Monarch to undergo the punishment, a telegram from Allien?, May SI, gives au account ol auuiher aud apparently more serious mutiuy whllo tbe Alexandra was lying at the Pirtcus. Tbe mutiny was quelled by tbe murines and nieo summoned from oiher vessels. The mutineers were arrested, aud a court martial was couvcued to try thorn. The cause of ibis second outbreak is stated to be dissatisfaction Uecauso of tbe refusal of shore leavo. wbercupou the muiiucers reudcred the Alex andra's guns unserviceable. It has been deemed necessary tp send the Alexandra to cruise iu the llediierruuean ouitl further orders. rkhvia's atntudk. ? A Belgrade despa'.cb sjiys:?'It is affirmed that Priuce Milan will noi go to meol tho Czar, but Servian Interests will be represented by a former Minister of Servia, who is now In Roumania. Tho combined army corps ol tbo Drina are encampcd lor drilling near Obrenovatz. A corps of observation Is ready to march for the Timok iron tier. t UKKKK PKKI'AKArtONa. , Id the Ureek Chambers yesterday Prime Minister Comoundouros announced that tho now Cabinet pur poses to double tho strength of the array, call in the reserves aod enlist volunteers. It will contract a Ircsh loan and imposo now taxes for thew purposes. The government will also suppress revolutionary agi tation in the border provinces. mSCKLLANKOl'S WAR XOTES. The .Globe says It is Informod that the atatement heretofore inado that a number of Amuricun naval officers and engineers had arrived at St. Petersburg ie uutrua. A despatch Irom Vigo saya tbe Itussiuu Iron clad Petropawloskl, from Curtagena for Cherbourg, arrived here to-day for coal aud provisions. I.t Sard, of Brussels, says a great tiro has occurred in Tillis. Tbe whole ol a principal street was do stroyed, together with a large amount of property. The Austrian squadron in Eastern waters will bo re tnforoed very shortly. A Vienna telegram says:?The Porte teems quite re assured by the representations of ihe Persian Aiub.is aacior, and has decided to send a portion of the uriny corps occupying Mesopotamia to ihe Asiatic seat of war. ROUMANIAN ULTIMATUM. TEXT or THE MEMORANDUM TO THE GREAT POWEU8?WHY SHU DECLARES 1ILI; INDE PENDENCE AND FIGHTS WITH KDt?H\?Tl'BKEY SEVERED THE BONDS OF UNIT" UY INSOLENCE AND CBDIt W WL Tbo following is the text of (ho Memorandum sent by tbo Roumanian govermuoul to lis diplomatic agents at tbe courts ol the great Powers :? Biciurkst, ilay 14, 1577. Sir?Tbo publication In tie Monilrur Ojliciel of. the conventions couoiuded but ween lUg liupci ::il Russian gov eminent and tbo government ol i lie Prince, and lite protest ol ibo Sublime Porte, addressed to its representatives at the courts of tliu loroigu Powers on tbc 2d in.-il.. bevo lully in lorrned you concoruiiig our present position. Tbc present tnomoci, therefore, appears to ins a lavorablo ono to record tbo cause* winch havo determined i be attitude wbtcb is proscribed to us by iho exceptiouhI flrctltnstiuices in which we are placed. You are noi unaware that sinco the 0umiucttccuieol ol' tho ruing ol tbo impi.ltlions ol llcr:'e;:ovina, Konim and Bulgaria, sud atnee tbo struggle entered upon by t-'orvl* and Montenegro iiialusi Turkey, the govern ment ol llis Serene liigbuoas in dcierenco 10 the I counsel* ol the guaranteeing Powers accepted I tbe obligations imposed by tlio tnost absolute | neutrality. II, however, an altitude of tins | kind couid oul.V bo iu.eeptod lo the den ?uirnt ol our | uiorsl and material reiai oiis witnibe population of | tho right bunk iborc was ground to hopu Mi.u onr con ' duct would tlnd its compensation m the dclinitiri* e? ; tahliabniciii ol our neutrality. When, iboreiore, iuoiu I recently, war betwron ltu-i-m ati'l rorkcy sir>i cured ?n ' iininlnont contingency, the groat Power.- unit tbo I .Sublime Pone received rcpruacuiatiiius Irutn us I itlsllvo to the expediency ot traU'orriu^ un>l placing | on tna looting of a formal right the obligations I lucurnbcril upon us by reanou ol n neutrality itrcrs sury to nil, the excrci;.e 01 which wo bad ndinlttcil williout uny advantage lor Itoumiinia. rho great Powers, however, eitber Individually or codec lively at tbo comcroiito hi coMtnotwople, pointed out the inadequacy ol the stipulations regarding ibis lUipoilsut cjues' loft, and, Without taking into < onsid erattou tbe gravity ol the iiualion of our Itgltimuto i purnlOMiy, reluaud to grant to us the luiiilincoi id a nr. hi and Which has been snbne<|U0Utly onl> too well [ justified by ovcnis. The Pultlmto Porto, on toe other | hand, vv uh Uiat ay stem nl'drlay w bn n us o.vn intei cats .should bave induced it to discontinue long ago, ubMi i nntcly avoided the scttlcim-nt ol question* pen (tin ; (or the last ten years between the imperial government aud the government ol ibo Prince. .hiirkwii si asomsu. 1 may montion, as n striking Inst.ilice of th< conduct ?I the Turkish government toward u?. Mist, at the very moment when its tnierems called lor an understand mg with our country, ii persisted m relusiog to recog ni/.e the title of ltoum;iuin, which, nevertheless, re ceived the sanction ol all tlie guarantee mg Powers. I.oil to ourselves, without guidance and wuuout sup port, It could not be long before wc lound ourselves celled upon to deal with siepr whleli un iinnunent war necessarily foreshadowed, and which the ai'itudo ol m dlQereiico maintained by ibe gieut Powers must nuiur ally sanction. Rupsis proposed to u.- loyally to treat vv lib her conecrniog tb? pecage of tlie Imperial armies through our territory. Her Isiignugo wua that ol a Power which, having contributed to the construction ol the P.oumanlan *tule ant! baring part in the guaran tee of Its political existence, did not intenii to dis avow ber own work by violating its rights. Moreover Russia appeared to us as the moral agsut ol the treat Powers In the fuililuieni ol a mission winch ad been solemnly agreed npon sod dellned in public snd collective resolution*. II we. despite nnr natural conservative feeling, aou misjudging the blgn character of tbe overtures made to ns, had met them with an III considered and improdeot retnsal, Roumanla would have louud herself delivered over by b<r own bunds to a dsngeroua violation ol ber territory, ol her rights snd Of her dearest Interests. I will not enlarge any further on the pressing considerations which conn, sellod us to accede to tbe proposals ol the ttnperlul Russisn government, and I lenvr It to the conventions concluded April 4 (ltith) to demonstrate bow oioeely i the ioyal intention of tbe Cauinet of Mi. Petorshurg and our 'itt precautloni bsve been In harmony b order '.o ineure for our country, wi'.h the uioil icrupuious regard lor our materia: intere-as, the i.uri'fcervoti ^uaiaut#' of our rights a* aiiatton. riie lir.i stipulations of tue conventions concluded clearly iiinlu u :u lueuisclves the legally avoweu motives or ( tho two contraclicii Powers, and leave uo room lor iuv ambiguity. ludecd, ?! iu view of at u :&ureU.y do- , calve and rccognized situation. Kouiuania believed It I uoi o.si-ary. if nut ollioiallv, al least tac.lly, to atcode lo ' the propositions ol Uic"impen.?l Russian ifov erumeni, the govpruraeui ol tbo i'riuc# frets wbiIAcbI ol having , thereby noi only ruvid Rouuiania mo perils ol a loi ico inJitar* ocoupal'.on, but also ol having at ? ur*d ; respeet Tor her ludividuallty nod l.er in ulnlion* a# xvcli aa a lormal guarantee lor Hie preservation of her icrritoriai boundaries. win HIII YHMU Wll.l. HRI I' However nuproiendiug sue may i>? Kosiuiania had at lonat the l iprbt to devote lier attention to Iwr uwu preservation when, l?v ner geographical position, ?be fouud ncrseii placed iu soiuesori in the midst ol a w^r which had become lcoviisble. Tins object, which was imposed on us by ibo requirement* of our position, we believe to havo altaiued, and we veuture to ho[:e l.iut ] nobody will dispute us legitimacy. In i oncluding the | convention of April ?? < ICili >, we also thought we j Had removed all uncertainty as to our attitude in the Oriental conflict. rho rbaracter of those stipulation-, und i venture to say U.o m .deration wblcli distinguishes Iheiii. nmu dispel tho .-mallest doubt re?Hrdiuir ihe loyultv <?! our intention* with reaped to out connection Willi ; Turkey, u connection confirmed hy t.'ic Hu rope an ; treaties mectioued In our conventions with Kussia. i Alter the preceding remarks, it appear? to in?* super- , lluuus to call aticutiou to the ili*cousidcrod nature ol ccrlulu statements, accordion to which the l'.jiiinauian troops were c tiled upon to co-operate with iho lurk'Sll , army against the Russian*. A propositi ul this nature j bears in ilsoll ita owu refusal, Ina-.iuucU as it was m t i made to u? umtl the eve ol the entry ol the Hu*siau . armies Into Roumun'a. Having thus explained oui I ututude, I do not besiiain to afhrtn here, in the name , ol the government ol Ills Serene Highness I'rince Charles 1 . Hut our iniontioua have been iu every point tu conform.:y wilU our duty. 11, ou the oue baud, we wished by means ol tU.- conventions to lorlily ourselves ill advance against the perils ol a situation ?urrouuded by uul^rseeu danger-, ou the other hand it entered lu nowi-e mto our intuuMons to sever our connection with Hie Ououiau Empire, nor to seek to derive udvautage I'roin circuinstaiiccs wU.cb nilijbl arise lu our lavor. Such were the principles ol our line ol conduct. From the outset we bad taken the hrm resolve to persevere in it, uulcsa Kouiu.uua should ho cballeuiiod by Turkey bersclt. Kxcopi in tb:s latter cotitingeuoy, we had uo luientiou ol constt tutiug Koumauia a belligerent party with Kussia j a'liut-l the Otieiuau Kuipire. The minsion ol the | Ituumauian ariuy wasuuturally derived irom the previ- j ous declarations which we have t?c<|uuiitly ui?<lo to i the Sublime I'orio and to all the loroian Cabiuets. OmteA.X IMbOLKNCK A.XIl HKHIIIIIV. tlur relaiiou.'. with tbe Sublime J'orte hail uo need, | it scows to inn, to bo dcteriuiued bv a dlploiuatlo un- | iler?tanding titn'lar t.? that ol the 4-10 April, and which we aie told we should also have concluded wiiU Turkey. ICnsoulially prepossessed perhaps as to the value of relatious with Turkey, ihe advocates of such a policy did not evideutiv take Into accouut the dangerous cuuscqueiices which would linvo been en tailed on Houuiaula. But being more Justly solicitous , .'or our si-curny and lor the inulnteuaiice ol tnat ^ neuiruiiiy, tho exclusive responsibility for which we? left to ns, wo could not reasonably havo signrd ? a fcimilar convention wiibout theroby kuowiugty | traiislerring tbo seat ol war to Kouuimua. Ill I (act bv the conditions under which we treated , with the imperial government ol Kussia, | kc were at lejjil permltteil to hope in*t , Houm.nia would bo spared the disastrous couse- | uueuues ol a war iu which we ardently desired lo tako j no pari. Itnt who doos uot perooivo that bv opeuiug uur tcrriiory to the aruiivs ol ibeSullan we should have callei" war, with ail its horrors anions usr I re Ira In ii om recalling here ibo excesses which, even be- . lore ibo rupture of relations between Russia and I ur key and without any provocation ou our pari, wore . couimitted ou our territory by the uuuisciphuod ad vance guards ol ibeOtlomali troops ol the littoral ol | iho Uanube. Ii sufflces to mention such inmleeds in : order to show tho daht?^ to ? hicb Ktfuuianrt woukl hav) been exposed II w?r had been carried within ber j borders. Neither our intentions nor our prudence caii bo accused, therefore, because we havo actcd as wo have done. We are, on tho contrary, convinced thai we liuve contributed to the exieni ol our means to the localization ol the wur and to keeping it iroiu our territory. IliltKS llOMBAItOlNG ROl'M AMI AN TOWNS. Unlortunamly. tb? ooutmuauce ol dov ?latiug incur sions against our inoflousive populations and carried I out ou tue largest scule; ihe caiiiure ol more than two 1 hundred vessels with their earcoec, a capture eflected iu our ports and even in ibe interior ol our i ivors, such as the Jiu, the Jalomitxa, und tho Cellu ; the ciu Ploymeni of petroleum lor ilnug mid destroying vos-cls which would uot lollowthe Turkish monitor, aud lastly, iho bombardliicul by tho lalier unil by the batteries on the right bank ol tbe Danube ol our towus aud villaaes, which were not prepared enter lor do- I lence or attack, und in which mere was uot a single | Russian or Roumanian soldier; all these acts left us small hope ol boiug able to maintain au altitude fioiir which we had wished nol to depart at any price. I wo last circumntauoos cutne to<ftUrti|?aiQ iliu Uupo cullri'iy, kml lo UUlurb our political Hjcarily?tbe Qrti wia tuo lusull wHicli was oQored lo ds by tho *u*pcQd*oti ol lb? I nocuous ol our agcut av ?JoutUuttnoplc, m IhouicU Ihe diplomatic Mgent at Rouuiania were a 1 urkisU ottlcial, aud did not enjoy the liomunuy accorded by International taw to lorelgu reproaenuilves. Aiter ward canio the despatch which his Kxcelleucy Saivot i Pacha addressed, ou May 2, to the representatives ol Turkoy si the couns ol the graranteeing I n*crs. The bostilo disposition to our right, manifested by the >ubliu?cI'osio lu ihu despatch, IU? nicnacus iu U re earding our country and its lustitutlous, menacos fol lowed by a general bombardment of the whole of our bauk ol the Danube, leave lis no Uoubl as to our beiug ui war with luri.cv, or lhal war has been declared by Turkey herrelf. RKSOLVK TO UK l?0KI ?Nb?MT AMO I'lUHT. In view or ibis uliliu.le of tbe ottoman government with respect to juiselves aud ol it<? acts ot open hos tility which, u. cording lo ihe principles of public law, constitute a state ol war. the Roumanian government I,Hills s duty 111 lay in* down clearly in iho presence of ibe luaranteeing I'owers and the public opinion ol the wuole ol K a rope, that il is the Sublime Forie itself who ha* torn asunder tho tie-, existing between it aud Koumauia, aud mat consequently we ran only throw back ou rurkey the responsibility which it has at tempted to cist upon us bv its despatches olI May I ii presence of all those lacfe, tbe gravity of which i cat not have escaped ihe Jusi and enlightened I mind ol mo Cabinet, the government ol his i Mis HlRhues* Princo Charles 1. cannot remain a passive ! hpcctator. \\ a are forced to adopt Irom to-day such i measures as tbe situation rrcaiod by Turkoy horacll renders necessiry, iu order lo repulse by lortfe or I arms the acis ot aggres-lou to which Rouuiania Is er poted Irom tho Oltomau armies Strong in our right 1 aud iu tho justice ol our cause, and relying on trio I solicitude ol the giiarHiileeing I o*ers in our behalf, I we shall do nil thai our duty to tbo country Imposes on us ;o delond our so.I. lo s.tlcguard our Institutions and to assure our political. x sunce. Pioaso read auJ nvc a copy of this note io Ills hjcollency the Minister for Foreign Allairs. I av^ll ol tnis occasion lo renew to vou sir, Iho assurnnceol my high consideration. ' TI RklSII lURBAlllTV. The Roumanian government has instructed lis agculs abroad lo uiiorm ihe governments io which they aro ?ii credited that on ibo 10th Ult. a detacbmcut of i urki?b regular troops, alter destroying lour picket stations occupied by Roumanian militiamen ncarUura and lalomit/.a, shot, by order ol their oillcers ope of ibo men who was left uch.ud severely wonndtd, aud as bo ellll breathed slabbed him vvah thoir bayonets. ANOTHER TlJiPLE ALLIANCE. | H rom ike London O.nly News, May 21.| 'Ike HinUier ol foreign Allan* ba-i a uou preoccupa tion Within tlio hint wccit Queen's messenger# liave been continually going backward and forward between l.oiil'iu and 1'aris, ?nJ Lord I.yon# has had Irequeul Interviews with the l)uc Dcch/.oh. iho object oi these negotiations n an alliance, oiieu.-ivo and defensive, between Ureal Kriiitui nod I'rauce. I no Kngli-n Cabi net see* thai II caanol avoid a conflict wall Russia, and il may perhaps be obliged to dcclaro war within three weekf. The I-tench alliance will bi; coriiliiion.il on iho intervention of tl*c <? ??rman army in t h* Kustern (jue-tlon. knglind has already contractou an alliance with Austria, which, if need be, will commence hos tilities simultaneously with her. It wan thouvbl last evening al Ihe I ly.-ee thai a Irealv with l.uglaui wm very practic.il on the conditions proposed. Ihe Mill inter* ot Koretgu -\ffitr* ol the two countries are tureen tint ?tn;h ail alliance wnuM probably assure the neutrality o (ienntny. who o interest, iminner, would HOJfii to be >;* nenlrul ua I-ranee in the llnsiern <ine. turn. Kill sbotil I t.erninny seek to |<ioiii by '..titlllf codiiiINmIIuiii io harass I r.tner. our t.ouulry would have evert ibm? to gain l>y tho rapport of (-.inland, Au-tria and Ih'gium, which in the case supposed would he acquired. Ii is w11liiinv knowledge that Admiral Kourichon rclused to continue to tie Minister i'f Marine hecaii'e In; loicaacs a tlinasirou* War end shrinks from any share of roa|>oiiaibility for it. i lie h"ib referring to the new* of iinalliaiu.it honvcen Kngland, France iti'l Austria In the (.'tiu' is, say* it hnM produced an immense -en .-a liiiii. Ih ordinary limes It would |<ay no itiu nt.on 10 tin* Hotiljvard journal, hut ainee w Uun the last low ila\* an affectation of srml-ofllcinl authority M uik|>ia;''d, its revelation* should at lea-l provoke iin|u.ry. I tehle mn<) tardy con tradiction by prints friendly tniboMinisiryw.il not ?Hay the anxiety w hich the alarmist announceinnul* ot tne Guutoin have cauied. I here is so little belief in the prudent e and sincerity ot tbo Cabinet thai the nation, alarm* I by a new psprr. cuntvmplible in Itseli, but which, fishily or wrongly, is supposed to bo in ihe cotfldcncc of the ucw government, feel* that w.lh ,i policy hostile to ibe national will there is no adventure too iusoumio or culpable in he attempted. GENERAL OA11FIELD AND IHE rilKSlDENT. t'oi.t msc?, Ohio, .1 uiiu 1. 1S77. General <?arlivid, who parsed through tin* city to day en rvutt to Mobile, left the lollowlug letter di reeled to the Gcueral A item of the shoc aled Pro**:? l>KAit Sir?I liavn just seen in tho Cincinnati I'nm tif rcnU ol Mi;* morning, copied irotn the New York Stun, what purports to be u leltof ol the President lo tne. It i* a forgery In every line and worn. J. A MARFIM.D. ILLNESS OF EX-GOVEKNOll PACK AUD. Nkw <>iu.ka*?, I .a., June I, 1877. Ex-Governor Packard is d tngerously ill from eon geitive thills. His physician* lorbiu his receiving visitors, messengers or letter*. HOTEL ARRIVALS. General Jobr. S. Predion, of South Carolina; General Frederick A. Stiprmg, of Baltimore, ana General R. 1). I.iiley, of Virgiaia, are ai the New Yurie. Theodore N. Vail, Superintendent ol the Hallway Mail Kernel; William l> Hostwick, of Itbaii, and William H. Kcin* ble, ol I'UiUdoliibm, are at tho .St James. Proiessor J. J. Sylvester, ol Baltimore, ia al tbe BrevoorL Ex Congressman William T. 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Kv. ry Individual gain Increases pulilie gain Upon tlie lioallb of Ilia pc.pl.' Is hated the prosperity ol' a nation: l>y tl eve ry value is Incieased. every Jo.v enhance I. Health la e.-ssntial to ihe accomplishment of every purpose; while aiei<u"S? thwarts the uest Intentions and loltlest aims. I nto us are romuiiucd important health trusts, which we hold not merely in our own helialf Out for the benefit uf otl.eis In order that we may he able tu dlschaixe the obligation of nur trusteeship and thus prove worthy uf our guuerous .omiuls-iou. it is necessary that we stud) the art of i reserving health and prolonging life. It i- ol' para mount Importunce to every person not only to understand the means lor the preservation of health, hut also to faftaw what remedies should he employed fer the alleviation ut (lie common ailtnnnts of lit?*. .Not thitt we would advise every man under all circumstances to attempt to be bra own phy sician. hut we entrent him to aeqnlre sufficient knewiedg.' ol his a>stein and tho laws that govern it that he mav bs prep ire<l to take ear* of lilmsell properly and thereby ore vent silliness and prolong llle. In no text book will tho people find the aubjecta of physiology ami hygiene, or the scleucj of lile and the art ol preserving he iltli, inure sclen tidclv discussed or rnorl plaluly taugtit than in "Tint P?o? rtK's t'oano.s Hkmsk Mkoioai. Advisks," by K. V. Pierce. >1. I).,ol'Buffalo, N' Y. It it a volumo ot over nine hun dred litrKe paues. 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A iiwmI. Hv Julian Hawthorne, author of "Braeiinnt.* ">>a\nu simile*," Ac. I vol., Sio I'aper cover*, SI; t'lUlll. fl " ( irili Ik Mr. Julian Hawthorne'* mo?t elaburete and pretention* nuvk. It la, mi many accounts, nUu hi* lte*t boo*, tli>? ii;Tl? It contains nothing mi uood a* the character I tl>e hero In ?Hre>>nni ' At lean hli genlue ie iinntl*. Ukalil'. And *e ar? disposed to venture the Nft'ltiiill tint', if Mianh ha I not hern a aerial it would have been more compact and clotely written, and en It* >iluilrai mora eflecM e. ite character* bitter ?u*taiued.'?New York W >>l". II A NhW Ills I'OKY I'ltlMEIt. II K< MiR.M'IIY. Uv iScrt!" (Jrt've, K.K.ti .H. With map* and diagram*. 1'iico, l'i vent*. III. tiik aiit til1 ki.m i itD Mi.r vi.i.i Rt.v. JiteWiding h!* known |nurc?i|k ol e'>e;tro deposiitoo By ii. lion. I.LIl., I K.S. I vol, !2wo. :t.:l pave*. Illu* i rated, fa MA, "I hate > ntletiered not only to make tne book a treati.a on the practical an ol electro Bietallurit). but alto to iu* el ide ait outline ol the *cieiit? of electro chetaiiitry, upon wliii u ttiiit ait i* b??ed: and I hate also -p-ire I no troulila In oidar to make It a* perfect a* I could; the tpo*t rum plete portion* ate tliovi wlip h treat of the eomino* meth od-.'I tillering KHilm.'. mouiuiue ; the deposition ot poo per. nickel, bra**, Iron Mid tin; the *'>ecial detail* of the mi, >nd the ecreaalt of ?n.b es peri menu and proct.ex with the le?? i .immon metel* n.i ?cientlllC itieeetlt,*t<'re and p e tlv.il tnieutni* n tv be llkeli to t'lilher elaiiiuie ot ptactinally api'ly."-Kxtract t'oin I're'ace. TIIK ? I.KM I MS III V irill.VK.OESIUN; An ilitro luctiou to the princiido which determine the ar. riuigstnent auil pr?>orii?iu? ol ilm part* id mm hiae*, nn l a ioIIvi Hon ol iule* tui machine design. B> W. Cnw. til it ne 1'ua Mi I vol., r.'mo Illustrated, f I .VI. ",\n tafMir has been spired in condenaliiff into the small, est coin pass the in'ormaticj ai ilio autbor's dis|n>tal, eti I in siuleiitiilne to reintet ttie treatmoiii of the subject siniple and cleat If the student's path be* in any degree , lieco tend*'ed easy. It I* because a go?d deal of labor lute 1 beeu ?tpeuded on the roadway."?hxtract from I'reteee. NKW EDITIONS OK 1IIK fOLLOWINU BOOKS \ Kitv Low PKIt'BP ? YKI.I.0W FM'SII I'AI'KHS. By Tbiiekeray. Pap*t ' conns ft let-. .'.'| ceti't. IKiMK INrLVKNC'B. Br tirace Aguller. raper cover*, ! 50 ceuta. MDIIIKft's CKi'OMI'KNsR. 1'aper corer*. :*j cent*. I.Ot'lSA Oi I'ltl'SSlA. By l.oulsa Mublbach. I vol.. I <*t t cote. 1 Kitbernf the eb iv? tent tree by mall to any addre** ?? I receipt ol the pur*. | MMBVSK SI I'I KS^ OK tTTk. NKSV LAWN I'\ exlllo," a great Improvement on 'Oroyuet." I'mion !i 'd by the elite .vtld "> ail llrst e.ese book and statiooerr store*, r . 1. Ht?RSMA>, Manufacturer, ?<l autl <* ? William ? I., New York, Setnl stamps ter descriptive price list. CKASIDh I.l Bit IKV Nt> I it.lt BtiK SI'MMKhI I ti John llalitai, t.entleuiaii. out t?-aa/, and lor tale kf I all uewedealer*. fr.ee M eeata