The sun. [volume], November 10, 1918, Section 2, Page 7, Image 21

About The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920

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2
THE SUN, SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 10, 1918.
7
- , 1
1 Hfc, MU 1 UK UMNIBUS IDEA
SHOULD BE FURTHERED
The Twelfth of a Series of Articles on Motor Truck
Cost and Performance Written for Business
Men by an Expert.
By GEORGE
Th natural born enemy of tha itreet'
railway oompany Is the motor bmnlbus.
Thii tor tha reason that It la' leei ex
jntlv to oparato than an electrfo rail
way In that there is no necessity of
bavins" to maintain roadbeds, power
homes, tracks, &0.
A new opportunity l bound to knock
at the motor omnlbui Idea If the rail
ways are granted thulr passenger fare
Increase. This will place the motor
omnibus In a rtlll better position to
compete with tha railways.
Opportunity has knocked on tha doer
; the motor omnibus Idea within the
last few weeks. I refer to the lncreaso
fruited to the railroads for passenger
traffic Why not operate motor omni
buses for Intercity service on a far
larger scale than la alreivdy being done?
In the State of California this tatter
Idea has taken fast hold within the last
few years, until to-day there ara scores
of lines operating out of most of the
Us centres to the smaller ones. Some of
these lines run over 100 miles.
During the war railroads have cut
down tholr passenger servlco to give
greater attention to the much needed
freight tonnage. This has necessitated
a longer wait for some people; who were
anxious to get to a short distance point
Then, too, a lot of them stay at home
because they could not sea their way
clear to make the journey with the In
crease In faro. All of this automatically
huggests that tha motor truck should be
brought Into play. "Why notT Motor
trucks can easily be made Into motor
omnibuses.
One of the first questions one Inter
ested In the Idea will ask Is: What will
it coot to operate a motor omnibus line?
Xor this reason the writer Fought out th
cost figures of the Fifth Avenue Coach
Company.
rerhaps tha first great motor omni
bus line In this country Is the Fifth
Avenue Coach Company of New Tork
rlty. To-dav. beyond a doubt. It Is the
rtronrait and biggest line of Its kind In
the United Rtntes. Ever since It, first
began to do business, way back In 1R87,
first with horse driven omnibuses. It has
never once let the Idea of eeltlng the
maximum results at the minimum cost
of time, labor and money set away from
It. Tta fleet of 17f omnibuses, twentv
five road scranerti. three snndhakers
and extra equipment are houed In an
excellent gnrare or Ktst 103d street
Just a few hundred feet from Fifth ave
nue. This structure, which, occupies a
elte SSOtIOO fet and has n floor area
of 75,000 8juar feet. Is of the steel
frame tvte with reenforeed concrete
floors. Frtrsordlnarllv lirce elevators
cam' the bues from flor to floor.
Without jrolnir Into tli detnll of the
pqulnment of the garage It will suffice to
eay that thev have everv possiDie appli
ance to make everv kind of renalr. In
fact, ther build their omnlhues them
selves. After one mnke a detnl'efl tndv
of eome of the flinire which wijl followJ
one can gather the kindsof rnen they
emplov and the many departments they
must have In their jrarage.
One of the most rlgjdly eTiforcei rules
of the company Is Jo never leave 'a car
out which has not been thoroughly
rleaned and which Is not In goot ren-ilr
They believe that an "ounce of preven
tion Is worth more than a pound of
cure."
All of the omnibuses run on a sched
tile. This schedule Is changed four times
a rear. As a careful check Is kept of the
raffle, these ' schedules are changed to
rult the prevailing conditions.
All of the omnibuses are heated by
engine exhaust pipe radiators during the
winter months. By means of storage
hatterles the cars aro lighted. The In
teriors of the buses have every appear
nnce of an Up to'd.tte street car. Fifty
reven of these buses have been In con
tinuous operation since 1906, twenty-four
nnce 1913, thirty-one since 1914, five
lnce 191E, twenty-seven since 191 and
thirty-two since 1917. One hundred and
three of these are able to carry from
thirty-four to forty-four parengcn and
eeventy-one from forty-five to forty-nlno"
passengers. It may bs of Interest to
ctate that I2.0R(,i6t passengers were
carried during 1916-17. Here are some
of the figures according to the latest
r.vallabte fltate Tubllc Servlco Commis
sion report:
GETTER AI, EXPENSES.
I Per ! Per
I bus 1 fms
Total ImlWhour
Salaries and expenses
r.ixrml officers
Salaries anil expenses
ftneral office clerk". ..
General office supplies
arid expenses
CenrraJ law expenses, ..
) 'suraixe
Misc. reneral expenses...
Accidents and damarrs..
Halm dept. expenses.. .,
JlMlctl expenses
Oth'r Injuries sad dam-
res I
)ir.-r expenses
Law expenses
Salaries and expenses
ef attorneys
Court costs and exp...
prlr.tlnr
Gewrsl stationery and
printing
fr.diftributed adjustment
halance
t I
IST.HT.Mt tO.lTM.COS
.eel ,vi
i
.051 .O
.15! .oil
.14. .019
4SI .n?
l.W.ftj'
7.HS.7
lum.M
tit u
.V5
.011
.oa
.OK
1.7J0.50
110.00
.71
.01 s
.001
.005
.008
S.sin u .04
S.9M.0
&.EX.H
Totala
s:ti.0TJ.77 n.c3io.:i3
COXTJUCTINO TOANSPOIITATION,
I Per I Per
I bus I bos
Total J mile hour
ire.-lnten!enco 1T.!ST.W Jl.JO;
UO.M
Tire 17.JI5 571 5 01
.741
.o:t
.
MO
.011
.1
.0S4
.041
.022
.00
.008
.015
iibrifants 13.43s.ri
bnvirr. C.f:i.!
.;
''orductora as.451.7l
tit
alise stare service em- I
Pl OTTOS Btt.S
I tMlr.r omnibuses lS,4iO.Ml
Mlie state serrloe ex- I
renaes SX.711S1I
Wishers and rlesners.... 2.il
Oitier trirai-e crnnlojees.. .7fsl
f 'amnr material 4.H0 9
her psrase expense.. 4.WJ7.W
Olhrr tr&nsnnrtatlnn ex-
renses 11.050.91
Tbtxl M7.l.o;tl5 UJItl.Wt
JfAtSTENASCE OP PT.ANT AND EQUIP
MENT. Per
bus
Per
bus
hour
Total
roltel
HarnnterKV-nvT Iil.401.j tO.lIW.051
(il.4i)2.
E.4M.1'
1.7J4.M
JieDiirs of shop tools ana
mablnerr
Shun exKnaes
HD.ilr of omnibus bod
If fl--materials
n i airs of omnibus bod
- l.tjor
Il i rs uf omnibus chas-
- mstrrlals
R' nairs of omnibus diss-
s- lsbor
J tw atlon of tires
tv'. on service cars .
' "-'tv ticin of eouiinn't.
1 'million of ahoptooli
:d ns'-Jilcirr
1 te ' itlnn nf blds ...
O'hu- expsnscs
ll.t.7
s
14.S01.401
aJ.tf0.lel
Tc-ai malntenancs exp..37S.079.36' 1450.K4
ntr. AVEWAOK Nt'MTtKK Of VHV T1IEY
EMPIXIVED fN YEAR ENDING
JUNE . 1917.
Til Gfft''1!
r- n-rai offWra '
t officers i
f nrl hoohkeviicrs, men.
" ' Tapliis
r..o
5.1
41.0
C.t
l.o
li:7
4..0
11.:
8.5
.!
1.7
"s
ir-rs
"tiot
1 Jrs
mts
..... v
W. GRUPP.
TilljTOen j.t
Otoa ............ ..:: to
, iiuubo iua mop
isr clcanora
Oiler !.."!!"t!!X
Uuraie men i
Carpenters ,
Carpenter1 helpers
IUvktmlths .....
ntackmillhs' helpers ., ,
Machinists
Machinists' helpers ,
Glvcirtcal helper ,
ilnnera
Painters
AUTO TRADE BRISK.
With Pesos Close nt Hand Many
'Persons Get Orders In.
"On the basis of tha war being over
an unusual boom In the automobile
business Is noticeable as the way to
peace la" clearer," says E. A. Scheu,
Eastern manager of the King Motor Car
Company and general manager of tho
local King S organization. "Many au
tomobllo prospects who held up their or
ders when peace seemed far oft decided
to buy during the past ten days and we
have been busy delivering cars. This
surely Is a fine Indication of the way
the people will 'come back' when the
pressure of war la finally lifted.
"Present conditions too am n warn.
Ing, because with the present manufac
turing facilities dealers cannot hope to
meet oven the first rush for cars. One
hears considerable talk about lota of
i-ars being In New York waiting for a
maraeu inero are many cars hero, hut
not enough to meet a recuiar peace time
unve oi prospecta Therefore It is Ira
portant for the man who wants to be
'tiro of getting his car at once .to get
nis oraer in without delay.
"One must not forget that tha number
of prospects who during the past eight
een months decided to hold oft until the
war was over has been steadily In-
tiowu. men mere are many men who
have been put Into the automobile urns.
pect class by better Incomes received
as tno result of war activities. Finally
mero is me natural increase In tiros
pects, as men have assumed mors Im
portant positions in the business world,
"uuring the past week I have had
reports from Pittsburg and Philadel
phia and from North Carolina, Florida
and other points, and 'lie story is the
same a general revival of business and
fine prospects for tho next few months.
The chief concern Is over the possibil
ity of getting enough cars."
SPLITDOEP PATENTS.
C. W. Cnrtlss Explains Action of
Federal Trade Commission.
The Federal Trade Commission hav
ing granted Splltdorf Electrical Com
pany of Newark. N. J., a license under
certain Bosch patents, various conflicting
notices have appeared In the press con
cerning the matter,
With a view to obtaining a correct
rtatement concerning tho matter. C. V.
Curtlss. general manager of the Spllt
dorf Electrical Company , was Been. He
mnde tho following statement:
"It Is true that Splltdorf Electrical
Company has been granted a license by
tho Federal Trade Commission to use
two United Statis patents owned by
Robert Bosch of Stuttgart, German-. I
do not believe these patents liavo been
used to any extent by the Bosch "Mag
netq Company or Springfield, Mass.
"Splltdorf Electrical Company was or
dered to make use of these patents by
the Secretary of War at the direction of
Uio President of tho United States In
connection with magnetos for war air
plane purposes. The patents do not ro
Iate In the remotest degree to tho prin
ciple of construction embodied In the
Dixie magneto, which is mndo under
numerous United States and foreign
patents owned or operated under bv the
Splltdorf Electrical Company only.
rno uosch patents In question relate
merely to details, standard practice
anroaa, wnicn tno Government author!
ties wanted for the following reasons:
"Patent 1030817 relates to a binding
post for ponnectlng electrlo cables. This
Is' a detail of construction commonly
used abroad and with which European
aviators and mechanics aro familiar.
Naturallv bv Incornoratlnir this detail
In tha Dixie magneto cables on foreign,!
magnetos would then readily Interchange
with the American product, and prob
ably for this reason Splltdorf Electrical
Company was Instructed to use this
patent. .There are many other ways of
attaching a cable to a magneto and
some of them covered by Splltdorf patent
applications .penaing may even ne prer
erable to the one shown In the patent,
but as this was already being used
abroad It was adopted as standard here.
The accompanying figure taken from this
patent
Fig. 1 Patent 10M817 showing the bind
ing post.
shows tho Bosch type of binding post
employing a pointed screw piercing the
cot (tiictor and securing It In place In tha
lnsmnted brush holder or distributer.
"Patent 1014824 relates to an Ignition
system, wherein a high tension starting
magneto Is connected to tho main mag
neto In such a way that tho starting
magneto may be operated by hand In
order1 to furnish a starting spark. The
accompanying figure from patent 1014821
Fig.
1 ratent lOimi showing electrlo
Ignition system.
shows this arrangement.
The wain .?...",--.
the sparK ." J" , '!
Ing magneto I when J'"
brush located behind tho usual moving.
nT 1
1&
.on I 1
P m 1 I ill
fill! mm 'f
-i.4S7.ff: . .v r1B P gTTT3Tmff aJr
i.4i .01 .00'. ' IU " ' ' ' "' "''' :T.Tiijj
1
m.
A Very Novel
Here Is a Premier touring lliuuusliie sednn. II y removing? (be
top over the driver's seat one may liavo n snappy town car. This
model Is one of the biggest sellers at thoICnuf mann-Morrls Com
pany's showroom.
brush of the distributer, thereby being
.uiincuea 10 wnatever cylinder Is un
der compresslpn, and In no way relating
to or Interfering with the functioning of
the main magneto. As soon as Uio en
gine has started tho servlco magneto A
operates In tho usual manner, the hand
starting magneto I being stopped. This
arrangement of using a hand starting
magneto Is standard on many foreign
airplane engines, and It was desired to
havo the American practlco conform for
the sake of uniformity. There aro sev
eral other ways of accomplishing the
samo results, and this patent Is not
vitally essential to American needs, al
though Its use Is desirable for tho rea
son stated.
"An Improved method Is shown In
United States patent 1260985, property
of the Splltdorf Electrical Company, by
which method tho high tension wiring to
the starting magneto Is eliminated nnd
the arrangement simplified as compared
to the Uosch patent. Splltdorf Eloctrl
cat Company has manufactured several
hundred thousand magnetos for the
Allies since the beginning of the war
and Its product la now 100 per cent
essential. The Dixie magneto has beon
standardised and Is being produced In
great quantities to meet tho present
emergency, the Splltdorf Electrical Com
pany now being tho largest manufac
turer of magnetos In this country.
"In addition to furnishing magnetos
direct from their own factory for war
purposes tho Splltdorf company has ar
ranged to permit the Bosch Magneto
Company of Springfield, Mass.. and the
Ericsson Manufacturing Company of
Buffalo, N. Y.. manufacturers of the
Berllng magneto, to make for war pur-
ooses only, and only for tho duration of
tno war, certain Dixie magnetos under
tho Splltdorf Dixie patents, therefore
three sources of supply for the Dixie
magneto are avatlabl. In addition the
Splltdorf company will furnish the nec
essary drawings and engineering Infor
mation so that the product of all three
factories will bo standard, uniform and
Interchangeable.
Standardised Dixie Magneto.
"The standardized Dixie magneto en
ables one magneto to be used for 4, G, 8
12 and 1C cylinder engines, und 8 and
12, 45 degree cylinders, with a total of
only 16 extra pieces to make up any
one of tho necessary assemblies. This
arrangement, devised and developed un
der the direction of tho Splltdorf com
pany's chief engineer, Carl T. Mason,
eliminates the necessity of having sev
eral types of magnetos and hundreds
of repair parts therefor at the supply
depots, and marks not only a distinct
advance In the art, but Is a notable ex
ample of an all American contribution
to winning the -war."
MAXWELL-CHALMERS SHOW.
Harry
De Hear Will Exhibit
Closed Mudels.
Harry J. Do Bear, manager of the
New York Branch of tho Maxwell Motor
Sales Corporation, has Just announced
a closed car exhibition of all Maxwell
and Chalmers models, to be held at tha
Company's salesrooms, 1808 Broadway,
corner of fifty-ninth street, during the
week of November 11th to the 16th In
clusive. During this display there will
be shown many different body types on
both Maxwell and Chalmers chassis,
which gives a range in price from 81,315
to 83,500.
"I certainly feel," said Mr. De Bear,
"that we aro exceptionally fortunate ,ln
having such an excellent assortment of
closed models to select from during times
like them. Those who require, cars and
who still are anxious to do a patiiotlo
service by economising and conserving
here havo an opportunity to purchase the
type of body they need on an extremely
economical chassis. Many people who
have used closod cars In the winter time
and who art accustomed to expensive
ones have felt that It was their duty not
to purchase cars this year on account of
the large outlay of money necessitated.
However, they will now have an oppor
tunity to secure exactly the model they
desire at a low cost
"Both the Maxwell and Chalmers cars
enjoy enviable reputations as economy
record holders, and It was with this
thought that we decided to make up a
complete lino of closed cars In both
models."
A NEW CR0SS-C0UNTBY HUN.
Goodyear Company fiends Two
Trucks on Pneumntlcs.
On the last lap of a round trip be
tween Boston and San Francisco a
Packard and White truck of five tons
capacity each and running on pneu
matlo tires passed through here Friday,
These trucks left Boston on September
23 and made the Tun to San Francisco,
n dlstanco of 8,717 miles, in twenty-one
days.
This Is tho first time trucks equipped
with pneumatic tires ever mado such a
long run. These trucks were equipped
with Ooodyears, 37x7 on tho front
wheels and 44x10 on the rear wheels,
Only seven tire changes were made,
Each truck loaded weighed about 18,000
pounds.
The trip Is Important because It was
In tho nature of pioneer work lending
in tha oDenlng up of motor truck high
ways In sections where transportation
hrilH. are as yet undeveloped,
' h. motor truck Is going to be a tr
corapany decided to find out just what
of the country,
Premier Model.
FIAT BUILT THE
BIGGEST MOTOR
Interesting History of tho Car
That Showed Very Grcnt
Speed.
The question has often been asked as
to which Is the biggest and most powerful
motor car ever used successfully on the
road. The record for greatness In this
respect appears to He with the 300
horse-power Flat built In 1911 and raced
In 1912 and 1918. This car. which Is
now In retirement at the Flat factop-.
has four cylinders of 190x250 mm. bore
and stroke, giving a piston displacement
of 1,730 cubic Inches.
There Is a general Impression that
this huge racing car was run 'at BTook
lands by the Italian crack. Naxarro.
Such is not the case, however. Naxarro
raced on Brooklynda track with Mephla
topheles another huge motor car In a
very sensational match against Mr.
Edge's Napier "Samson," when victory
fell to the Flat. Mephlstopbeles was not
quite so big as the J00 horse-power
racer, Its cylindrical dimensions being
190x160 mm., or 1.107 cubic Inches. It
was only a llttlo time after this match
that tho Flat company decided to at
tempt to secure the world's flying kilo
meter record, and as Mephlstopheses was
then In the hands of a private owner. Sir
(Jeofgo Abercromby, Bart., the company
designed and butlt the 200 horse-power
tacer. which has the biggest engine ever
put Into a chassis.
Although of such unusual size, the
four cylinders are a bloc casting with
f-nclosed overhead valves. This together
vlth tho long etroko made a very high
engine, and although there Is not an Inch
of waste space under tho bonnet. It stands
5 feet 7 Inches from the ground. The
"tr has four speeds ami chain drive.
When racing the mechanic is entirely
hidden under tho big cowl.
It had been aranged for Ntizarro, then
at the height of his fame, to drive the
new racer on Brooklands track, nnd with
this dhject In view lie tested tho car sev
eral times on Italian roads. However,
a few weeka before the teats In England
N'axarro declined to establish his own
motor car factory and bis connection
with the Flat racing department was
severed. Tho car was turned over to
Hordlno, another Italian driver, who took
It to Brooklands, where It did not give all
the speed that was expected of It, prin
cipally owing to the great difficulty of
holding such a heavy and powerful car
on the track. Later Bordlno raced the
car on Saltbum beacli.
The car was returned to the Itnlian
factory without having broken the cov
eted kilometer record, then arid still
held. It may bo mentioned, by a German
machine. While tho big racer was In
the Flat ehops it attracted tho attention
of a Ilusslan prince, who Immediately
purchased It and secured the services
of Arthur Duray In an attempt to cap.
ture the kilometer record. Duray took
the car to Ostend In November, 1913
and under the control of the Automobile
Club of Franco attempted to break the
record. Electrically timed, he covered
tlje kilometer on several occasions at an
average rped of 14S miles an hour. One
of tho International racing rules stipu
lates that flying kilometer records must
bo run In both directions and tho aver
age taken, tho second run to be made
within a quarter of an hour of the first
As the weather conditions were very
bad at that tlmo of the year, the road
turface being wet and strong winds pre.
vailing, Duray was never able to make
the two trips within the quarter of nn
hour. Consequently he has not offlclall)
been credited with the record, although
there Is no doubt that he has, attained
tho highest spcd In the world. The Itus
slan prlnco never made use of the car.
for ho found that It was too fast for
Jtussian roads, snd the French authori
ties who examlno and approve every new
type of car before allowing It on the
roads were of the opinion that the 300
horse-power monster was not safe for
rrencn national highways.
it must not be Imagined that the
building of euch big racing engines Is
wasted effort One of the sister engines
was made Ufa of In a boat and another
duplicate of the 300 horse-power racer did
good Bervlco aboard an alrshln. Tha e.
perlenco gained in the building of these
ilg' racing engines has proved of great
value In airplane engine design. At the
beginning of tho war very few engines
were made of more than SO horse-power.
At the present tlmo 300 horse-power In
one unit Is considered small, but makers
wiianui previous experience did not ar
rive nt this sire and power without con.
slderable dlfllculty.
It Is quite possible that after the war
many car manufacturers will bo tempted
to put their big aviation englnen In a
chassis for test purposes and short dis
tance records. The Flat company, for
Instanco, could build another 300 horse
power racing car with an engine very
much lighter and more efficient than the
one now In retirement Indeod If the
power could be made use of to ad van.
tago a car of twice tills power could b
tut on the road or on the track for It
Is dcnH!) If any driver would want to
sit hehlnT a 700 horse-power moneter on
nn ordinary road
wive w y iwj tl , ) -yy, , i.j i
LADIES AND MEN
LKAltN 1IUW TO
Save gasoliie, use Ism oil, con
trol ths sifttrk snd keep an an
fine KHEll OF CAHHON.
Remnrknble Labomtory.
Complete court SIB. day or eve
ning claaset. l'rlvat lessons ar.
ranxeu. (.ait or puons (or uoou
let HS,
YM. II,
HTF.WABT. Jr.. I'res
MOTOR EFFICIENCY
IN COLD WEATHER
Pointers for tho Man Who
Wants to Keep Going
All Winter.
This Is the season of the year when
the motorist may be excused If ho some
what petulantly misquotes: "Now Is the
winter of our discontent upon us." Soon
tho chilly mornings will begin to threaten
zero, or at any rate a thermometer low
nough to make troubta In starting the
frigid cnglno, as the owner tikes to have
It start on tho first turn. Tct by tak
ing a few simple precautions tho motorist
may obviate most of tho trouble ana
have reasonable englno efficiency? even In
the xlpplost weather.
Hard starting In cool Weather has
always been a chronlo dl'seaso In mo
tordom. In tho early' days of the
motor era we had superfine gasolene, but
the engines In which 'ire bumod It were
so crude that theywero difficult to start
nny way. Now vee havo excellent en
gines, but our gasolene has deteriorated
so that starting troubles are. If any
thing, more prevalent than they were.
Fortunately this situation has led to
the Invention of many devices and ma
terials deslgnod expressly to overcome
this reluctance on the part of the cold
engine. Even In tha sunny southland
and In California there are many morn
ings In winter when the car owner Is
glad to avail himself of tho help thus
afforded him.
Undoubtedly tha, best method of get
ting an easy etart In cold weather Is
priming. Those of us who aro veterans
at the game havo primed religiously for
years, opening tho petcocks and pouring
In a llttlo high test gas to start things
going. But this procedure has been
too slow for tho present generation, and
there are on the market now a number
of priming outfits by means of which
tho operator can sit In his scat and
Prime from tlicro. These sets consist of
a small tank holding say a quart and
placed out of sight under the dash.
From this a lead conducts whatever
liquid Is used into tho lntako manifold
at the will of tho driver, who has a con
trol, usually In tha form of a pump,
conveniently placed. A primer outfit of
this kind may bo purchased at a cost
of anywhero from 15 to 110. It Is easily
Installed by any ono who Is mechanical
enough to be fit to drive a car.
Now an to the qucetlon of what to
put in the primer. Tlicro Is nothing
much better than 76 degrco Pennsyl
vanU gasolene or IJts equivalent of
lucis rrnm tne o-.ner neius. mis is
practically tho fuel wc used to get in
the old days when the motor car was
a newcomer on tho roads of America
and It will fire every time on the firs!
turn If there Is a reasonably good spark
Soma of tho companies put out a product
known, ns "petroleum ether," which Is
simply one of the lighter products of
distillation and makes an admirable
starting fuel. In the old days, when
nr.rt of us lighted by acetylene. It was
pojslble to have tho gas tank adapts!
for use as a primer, and this too served
excellently well.
There am a number of tried and
true old faehlpncd methods of assisting
tho start In cold weather: for Instance,
thero Is draining the cooling a) stem and
filling It with hot water to warm up
the metal nnd make It possible to vapo
lie tho ordinary gasolene. The applica
tion of heat by any other means to the
Inlet manifold may produce tho dcslrod
results, although tho present grade of
gasolene Is so heavy that the old method
of laying hot cloths on the manifold will
scarcely do. An ingenious motorist ot
unconquerable optimism gets his winter
start by applying the flame of a blow
torch to the Inlet manifold, but this
method ha obloua drawbacks. How
jver, enouch baa been salt to show the
car owner who has been troubled by
nard starting that equipment Is avail
ible to end his troubles.
Hut winter troubles do not end with
the start. With our present grades of
fuel there Is a co'.stant tendency to
ward condensation. Even after the gaso
lene has been carbureted and Is on Iti
way to the combustion chamber It Is
quite likely to condense on tho sides
of the manifold If these become chilled,
For this reason It In necessary to use
as much heat ns posslblo In connection
with tho carbure"on system. The nlr
for the mixture th' uld bo taken from
nrount the exhaust manifold, so that It
wl'l be heated. This Is easily arranged
by means of a so-called stove and flex
lble tubing. Many carbureters are now
fitted with hot water Jackets, and It
would be a good thing If all of them
had such equipment In cases where a
car owner has had unusual trouble, with
lowered engine efficiency In cold weather
It will pay him to Install a Jacketed
Instrument In place of his old one. This
question of engine efficiency is more
Important than might appear nt first
glance. The Fuel Administration In
Washington has asked us all to be as
saving as possible w.th gasolene. Now
englno efficiency means fuel economy
tho two terms are sjTionymous, and It
Is our duty to get the last ounce of
power out of every gallon of fuel we
use.
I .art wlntor was signalized by tho ap
pearance of a considerable number o
o-called "hot spots." This simply
means an area of tho Intake manifold
heated, so that the fuel vapor passing
over It Is heated nnd goes to tho com'
bustlon chamber with plenty of snap
and vim In It. These hot spots are
usually obtained through connection with
tho exhaust manifold, and they undoubt
edly contrlbuto to engine efficiency In
cold weather. In this connection It may
lie noted that a hot spot does not con
tribute to cosy starting for the simple
reason that tho spot does not get hot
conserve
KUDDcrwe have
cercdourRcpnir
,Dept lo the PiMc.
Hew method)
REPAIRING
OWtlKtStMLOttG EVERTS
EVERY REPAIR GUARANTEED
TO OUTIASTTHCTIREORVE
REPAIRER EC Of CHARGE.
OUR PRICE NO HIGHER THAM
ORDINARY VULCANIZING.
Sffto US' your? OLD TIRES'
AWD VE WILL TELL YOU ir
THEY ARE WORTH RCPAIRIJOr
IF WT WE WILL OTHER RETURJ
THEM OR BUY THtrl AT MARKET
PRICEf.AS YOU CHOOff:
AMERfCAH RUBBCRdiRPORAnoH
' AMERICAN ARROW TIRtf
225Wcst-52MSt
S1TII11' -I S
until the engine has been running long
enough to heat the exhaust Tills Is
obvious, though many motorists fell Into
error In this respect last winter.
One of the best Investments for winter
engine, "wear" Is a covering for tho
radiator and hood. This Is made up In
leather or Imitation, lined with felt, so
mat it is almost Impervious to tne
cold. The front Is so made that part
or all of tho radiator may be covered up
as the needs of the' weather Indicate,
With one of these covers over the hood
and the curtain In front down over tho
radiator the engine will retain Us vital
heat for a surprisingly long time even In
zero weather. Beyond a doubt these
covers nra worth all they cost.
i' many, tne storage battery must be
carefully looked after. If tho electro
lytlo a kept up to strength It will not
freeze, but If it la allowed to becomo
wak It will probably freeie, being little
m'oro than plain water. Therefore tho
batter- should be kept fully charged all
mo time. sparK plug gaps must be
watched and set so that they are not too
wicie.
Taking It all In all. a llttlo money
Invested In devices of approved merit, a
few precautions, a little reasonable care,
nrt there Is no reason why engine effi
ciency should not bo maintained even
In the coldest winter that our far flung
country produces.
PRACTICAL PARAGRAPHS.
Connecting llod Knock.
Tho knock ordinarily produced by a
looso connecting rod Is rather In the na-
turo of a pound, and It Is most notice
able at slow speed with a closed throttle.
If tho play Is excosslve, however, the
knock will bo heard at all speods and
loads. This Is probably tho commonest
knock of all, Is easy to Identify nnd
should bo remedied without any delay
or worse trouble will follow.
IMston Fin Piny.
It Is nomettme a ttttla difficult to de
termine whether there has been wear
In tho piston pin bearing. With the
piston In place and tho lower crankcaso
half down or a side plats oft removo a
valve cap or spark plug and turn the
engine over, so that the piston Is at top
dead centre, in such a position that a
screwdriver may bo pressed down on
top of the piston, .while with a bar the
piston may be pushed upward from the
under sldo. Bo by alternately forcing up
and down any play existing may bo de
tected. nemorlnir Valve Stem Guides.
In removing valve stem guides, which
aro driven out from tha top, be sure and
use either a block of hard wood or a
similar pleeo of soft mettl. If n tem
pered metil Instrument is used In this
operation tho guldo will probably bo
nopcicssiy injured.
Scored Piston.
In cases where the piston and c Under
are slightly scored it may be possible
to make nn emergency repair for tem
porary purposes. The first thing to do
Is to take out the piston and find out
what has caused tho trouble and remove
the causo If It Is still present. The rough
est edges should then be smoothed off
with whatever means aro at hand. Next
thoroughly cloan piston and cylinder,
replace tho parts and supply additional
oil to help fill In tho scratches.
.Sooted Ping.
When a spark plug develops missing
as .1 result of being sooted and no means
of removal Is at hand, ns may happen
romeumes on tne road, the plug can bo
mado to flro regularly again by discon
necting tho lead and Introducing an
auxiliary gap of one-eighth or one-qunr-
U-r Between it and the plug terminal.
Tappet Clearance.
i.iruureier may indicate insumcient in
take valve tappet clearance. If tho In
hibn vulVii Anna tint Mnon ti. 1hir1.,
chnrgo escapes through the valvn nnd
ibimt-a uit incoming ennrgo in ino man
ifold. Tho loss of compression also
causes loss of power and the gas blown
back dernnireft thn r.irhiiretlntr m-tm
for tho time being,
Strain the Water.
Sediment In tho cooling water certain
ly udds nothing to the efficiency of tho
cooling system, no matter what type It
may be, but In the case of the pump nys-
tern it is particularly injurious. Sedi
ment In the water wears the Impeller
and cuts tho bearings and shaft For
this reason water should always be care
fully strained as It Is being poured Into
the radiator.
Flooding: Carbureter,
The principal causes of flooding of the
carbureter may be Hated as follows:
Needle valvo being held open or leaking.
due, perhaps, to dirt on the valvo eeat,
preventing lt closing properly. Imper
fect or worn needle vnlve or seat Stick
ing mechanism. A float too heavy or
leaking, causing It to sink too deep, hold
ing the needle valve open. Level too
high. Loose nozzle or needle.
Emergency Pipe Splloa,
When the fuel line suffers a fracture
on tho road there aro a number of emer
gency repairs that may be made, if
rubber tubing Is available a nectlon or
this will make an admirable splice. A
cork with a hole through It may be.
usod and in the absence of one a raw po
tato with a hole through it makes a
very satisfactory temporary splice. Cloth
smeared with soap or shellac and then
reenforeed with splints Is very handy.
REPORTS GOOD BUSINESS.
Chandler Distributer Finds Many
Anxious to Duy,
"The automobile business Is unusually
good and wo wonder where we ore going
to get tne cars to meet tne demand,"
ays J. B. Hulett of the Brady-Murray
Motors Corporation, the Chandler dis
tributers. "Tho situation Is a perfectly natural
me. With the end of the war here peo
ple ure not going to be without automo
biles any longer. War activities havo
iccentuated the great value of thn auto
mobile and have had muoh to do with the
present demand.
"We ore preparing for big business
during the next few months, and our only
concern is over getting enougn cars.
CONTROL
WITH BETHLEHEM TRUCKS your delivery problem
Is under complete control both as to schedule
and cxDenses.
Gray & Davis Starting: and Lighting:.
Ask for our Analysis of your Hauling Needs.
IH ton
2U
Chassis,
Chassis,
$1965 $2365 $3465
V. O. D. Allsntown, To.
GRAHAM BROTHERS SALES COMPANY OF NEW YORK Inc
Salesrooms 1800 Broadwoy, at 63d St.
W. O. CRABTREE
Talinhnna
Columbus 7157
In L J LU if
BUSINESS HOUSES
NOW USE TRAILERS
.With Smnll Tractor Trucks
These Units 'Will Do Excep
tional Work.
"Big business Is turning to tho trailer
ns an ally of tho small truck In meet
ing the hauling requirements of the
time," says W. I. Flckllng of the N.
V. Fulton Truck Company of 1800
Droadway. "With peace declared tho
question of the best way to move the
Immense nmount of goods that will be
required In the great after the war re
adjustment Is receiving very carciui
consideration by business men.
"Already such welt known concerns
as tho Uunont Towder Works, Austin-
Nichols, American Can Company, fiears-
jtoebuck and Borden's uonaenseu mux
Comnanv are using tho small tractor
truck and trailer as tho most economic
method of motor hauling. This action
followed tho Indorsement of this com
bination by the foremost engineers of
the country. Tke satisfaction the small
tractor truck and trailer are giving la
proved by many repeat orders.
"The acceptance of the trailer by
many Is natural because of Its mobility
nnd the variety of uses to wjnicn it raay
be put to keep hauling costs t a mini
mum. The operation Of a 1 H ton truck
with a trailer capable ot handling threo
to four tons Is much less expensive than
a single truck unit of three to four tons
capacity. Tho latter always has its,
own dead weight to carry nrounu nnrr
often Is not loaded to capacity. This
means much greater wear nnd tear and
expense. When it comes to the tractor
truck and trailer the difference la quite
apparent The detachment of the trallor
where smaller loads are to bo haulod
Is n matter of only a few seconds. And
while the truck Is away with a load of
this kind the trailer can bo loaded and
prepared for tho next trip -with no loss
of time. One trailer has been so per
fected that Us coupling and uncoupling
are automatic It has the extra wheels
which are lowored or raised automatic
ally the former operation occurring
after the trailer has detached Itself and
the latter alter It has nttached Ksolf
to the truck. The trailer Is supported
at one end by Its regular road wheels
and at the other end by the truck when
running. Tho small Iron auxiliary
wheels enable tho trailer to be moved
about a plant while It Is being loaded. -"Of
course the possibilities of a fleet
of trailers used In connection with sev
eral 1 '3 ton trucks are almost unbe
lievable. Such an outfit would cor
respond to the cars of the railroad train,
a system of baggage and freight trans
portation which has been found to be
most Ideal for tho best results. With
the railroads congested the trackless
'highway trains composod of small trucks
and trailers solvo tho problem com
pletely. The distribution of weight over
n truck and trailer makes the wear nnd
tear lighter both on the equipment and
ths road.
"The days of renewed business activi
ty at hand will call for Increased speed
In the handling of freight. Small units
with largo carrying capacity when
hooked together will be the solution of
many a problem that now looks diffi
cult. The era of the truck and trailer
Is ut hand."
SOME USEFUL TIRE TIPS.
An Expert Emphasises Importance
of Correct Ilcpnlrlntr.
Motorists who nre tired of being lec
tured about tho harm done to tires by
careless driving will be glad to hear
tho blame for premature tire ruin laid
partly on other shoulders.
"While it Is true that most of the
tiro injuries which come to our atten
tion hare been caused by careless driv
ing, they havo usually been aggravated
by bad repairing." says A. J. Peebles,
manager of New York Tire Service. Inc.,
190u Broadway, distributers of United
States Tires.
"A good repair man Is hard to find.
He must know everything about the
complex structure of tires, be Interested
enough to study the particular Injured
tlrts brought to him and careful In
the work of repairing.
"We havo found that former workers
nxjeico
Service
NEW YORK
BRANCH
239-41 WEST
56TH STREET
CIRCLE 3526 j
UNITED MOTORS
SERVICE INC.
SERVICE DEPARTMENT
DAYTON ENGINEERING
LABORATORIES CO.
DAYTON OHIO.
ton
3i ton
Chassis,
F. R. VALPEY
1 ltilL!aTTl
The Liberty Engine
IN the latter part of ths year 114
tho Packard Motor Car Com
pany decided to go extensively
Into the development of air motors.
It had received one of the Mercedes
motors, used by the Oormans In their
airplanes, which had been imported
In n racing chassis. Taking certain
features from that motor and from
other motors un engine was designed
In 1915, n duplicate of which was
used In a racing car. This engine de
veloped 140 horse-power at 3,000
revolutions per minute, t Another
model with greater power was com
pleted In December, 1818, and was
also used In a racing car. This was
rated at 200 horse-power at 2,110
revolutions per minute. It was de
scribed In u pamphlet exhibited nt
the Aeronautical Show In New York
In January, 117, as "The Packard
Aircraft Kngine," exhibited "as a
stimulant to the new aviation Indus
try." The wprk of developing these mo
tors had been under the dlroctlon of
J. C. Vincent, then vice-president of
the Packard Motor Car Company In
charge of engineering. In the latter
part of May, 1917, Mr. Vincent took
his drawings "to Washington for the
purposo of lajlng before the Govern
ment the plan ot the Packard com
pany to manufacture these engines In
large quantities through enlisting the
aid of other automobile manufac
turers who had experience In high
grade motor work. Mr. Vincent met
Mr. Deeds, Mr, Waldon and others.
The design was not deemed to be
adequate for the needs of tho west
ern front and It was necessary to
lncreaso tho horse-power of the mo
tor with lighter weight per horae
power. Mr. Vincent worked In Wash
ington in conjunction with E. J. Hall
t(f tho Hall-Scott Company, making
sketches for the purpose of Improv
ing the motor, and la a few days a
new motor was designed embodying
to a considerable extent the engineer
ing features which had been devel
oped during the past two years of
experimental work.
The above extmct it from the re
port of C'Aorfes E. Hughes, submitted
to President Wilson on October 25,
191S, at a result of Mr. Hughes's tn
vetUgatton Into the aircraft (fo-tUm.
In tire factories who have learned all
tho processes make the best repair men.
They know tires as well as the expert
who designed them.
rhe simplest form of lnlurv to tires
Is a cut, but even this requires careful
repairing. First, tho cut must bo thor
oughly washed and trimmed. Unless
this Is done tho sand works Into the
Uio and the friction wears awav th.
rtibber and fabric When the holo has
been filled with rubber scraps, tho tlr
must be Heated (.o that the patch is
welded in with tho other structure.
Otherwise the patch would come out
and leave a cavity. Finally, tho outside
patch must be trimmed fo that ths tire
will run smoothly.
"Repairing tho tread Is important,
not only because It Improves Uio appear
ance of the tiro but becauso It makes
smooth running possible. Bumping on .
a tire ruins tho Inner fabric; the regu
lar and continuous shock breaks and
tears even the strongest body.
"When the tire fabrlo has been seri
ously injured an entirely new Bectlon
must be Inserted ; that Is, about eight
Inches of tiro must be rebuilt. The re
pair man must exercise ns much care as
the workmen and Inspectors In the fac
tory where the tire was mode.
"The most important qualification o.f,
a repair man Is tho ability to Judge
when a tire Is so worn that tho cost
of repairing will not be Justified by the
additional mileage obtained. Our men
reject as beyond repnlr very few of the
tires that com to them."
DEMAND FOR GLOBE TIRES.
Itrcent AVnr Dpi vlnpmentM llranslt
In Many Orders.
Itecejit developments In tho war situ
ation 'have sUieady hod a visible effect
on the Globe tire business.
Dealers who were Inclined to entertain
pesKimistlc views regarding the Immedi
ate futiure now appear to be quite re
lieved and their orders for Globe hand
made wrappwl-tread tires reflect thetr
renewed entii'islam wunb'tnkaliy.
TIBKS -AUTOS BOD1KS
GREAT TIRE SALE
Popular llramia of Cord Tlrm. Hargaln l'rlces.
Thousands of A1 Makes
of rnbrir Tlrm, in nil rm
Saving You trr30fc to 60
Ortti tTr aUt In stok mm
FORD SIZES I3TS8.75 Fr
Hae Highest Aunrtmeuts: Fifty DIITenwrt
Staml.-inl .Makes.
AUTOS WINTER TYPES
Ky Pujrments ArniruM , Dmnonatnitlona
tthfn AutonioUhji Trvltvl
Daniel KUht ' uburlun W.Uyn-Knlffhfc
L&ndaultMtp Hud ion Iaiu1aiiMtf, Oakland
Brtlan I'JtTce LtnimMm Napier I.nn1ultu.
Cadillacs t liprlirw, Llmouslnon) , rackard
"ThIii" MmouivtiiH, oth'r
Alno louring and Hunabnut (an
Cad 111 ar. l'ackjiid chandler llulrk. Ilup
moblle, Iiotlm. FUtn. Htutzw, etc N
Arrival. n-relvrtl dally
All at Pre-War Prices
Takf advantaK" of present attrHtUe otTwinji'
SWELL WINTER BODIES
n and some Now Mmouslne. Landuulotttns and
Ctmpo I Iodic
At Better Than Pro-War Prices
100 I'sol Unities. Ilnalr. HolhnioU Flat,
I'hirce. hlmiilci Packard and 1'lf' Otlisr
"""""Prices $50, S75, $100 V!
Also Touring. Kunabout Uodiui. er 1a
lMritti
Toiw, Shield, ItarinK ber, ete Itvmarkablr
Hcntonablu.
Jandorf Automobile Co.
rCttahlktiKl i'jn
, r rn X Tllll-- I1FIHUTMVATS
1763 Broadway, near 57th St.
Ilodv Hrpt . Illiif Slsn." air llMlll M.
R0SKAM SCOTT CO.
TOWN CAR
Auto Show
OP
REBUILT & GUARANTEED
Late Models.
FINEST BKl.ErriliV IV tttK V, f.
MinriKjniM jniJ, ulr s ,.Tian Coup's,
I'lKIWK N, t'-l. I.lmnulno Urougham
riKKCK IJ17 . Umnui.nr
CAIIII.l.Af ' 1'JH l.lmninlrm UrougUsra.
Cl'NNINtUIAM l"ls 'uiertlhloIlroiKliara
HAC'KAItl) I17, 2-2S, Limn UrmiKham
CADII.I.AC 1'ilT. Ilnlliroi.k l.lino-l.anilaulei
mtAK.1' Inl.. Mimlai. Ijindntllrt
KOI.LS no VOl!. 'mortlljle Towa Car
FIAT l.aiiwt lmirtl IjiiuI. llrnugbsra
1IA1. N-, l.liniMi'lnn Timn Car
COLE 117. s" Tour-Comm
BIMI'I.l'.X Ull), 3S. birlnarflM
I'IKIti'i; itiui. 4S, Hod&n & Tour
WINTON l!17, l.lmiutli IVrff-t
Ill'DMON 1H17. fnUll, Sow Tlnw.
lit l'.MOIHLi: l'U7. Si.lnn t'uinulru
PACKARD lOItt 12.1. Town Car
KF.VAt'lT 12-lh LurulrnilH
Dl. DION: 1 1 Imouslnt.. Town t ar
OIIITK nil" Llnuiu'liif l'rfit
1'lllltf'i: llilii iM CnuiHi
1)1 DDI h N L W HoikNUt
joi'O i')rt l.lmmmluo Daritalii
Broadway at 63d. St. Col. 907
f
8
6
Is
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