The sun. [volume], July 20, 1919, Page 12, Image 12

About The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920

Image provided by: The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundation

                
13
THE SUN, SUNDAY, JULY 20, 1919.
PREPARATORY SCHOOLS, COLLEGES AND ACADEMIES !l
Semester Compared With
the Quarter Plan at Our
Colleges and Universities
Br W. D. H1ESTAND.
Rsfistrar, Ualntrtltr of Wlecoaetm.
The following paper was read at the ninth annual meeting et the
American Association of Collegiate Registrars, held at the University ot
Chicago.
I TOOK (he llbe-ty of luitfitln( The
Semester vs. the Quarter I'lan" aa
topto for discussion In our pro
sxamme. I did so thinking; there wars
enough divergent elements tn the breadtb
of the subject to arouse a lively differ
nee of opinion which would be of In
terest to all concerned. The result: a
commend from our worthy president to
prepere a paper. When ; set myself
to the lank of writing such a paper,
however, I did not find it so easy to
reach a conclusion from the facta as
to which system would lend Itself best
to the average or Individual Institution,
snd shall, therefore, be entirely Impar
tial In my final conclusions. This paper
will treat simply of the relative merits
of the two systems, or more correctly
speaking of the three systems, since
there sre also Involved the questions
wbe'ther there should be three or four
quarters and whether a summer session
should be combined with the semester
or the three quarter sMtem.
Perhaps a brief syllabus upon the
various eyateins will tend to show which
particular plan may best serve the needs
of an Individual Institution. Certain It
4s the question Is one that Is being re
garded as vital by all Institutions that
are at present operating upon the sera
aster basis, and this Interest, no doubt,
has been somewhat accentuated by the
necessity of adopting ths three quarter
basis, under the regulations of the War
Department at the opening of the cur
rent year on ths establishment of the
Student Army Training Corps. Un
doubtedly some of the institutions will
continue from choice to operate on the
system forced upon them by the exi
gencies of the S. A. T. C, while others
after the experience of the trial will, no
doubt, gladly revert to their former posi
tion. That there Is to be a lack of uni
formity In tho systems la a foregone
conclusion, and this fact Is certain to
idd to tho registrar's burdens and per
plexities in the cases of transfer of stu
dents from one Institution to snother
with standings to be evaluated under
two different systems.
From recent Information received
from elghty-flve Institutions. Including
universities Tnd colleges, located In
peneral In the central States, It Is ln
fl lea ted that 60 per cent, of the Insti
tutions In this area will continue on the
semester plan. Similar Investigations
ere made by the University of Oregon
snd the Kansas State Agricultural Col
lege, covering a different territory, al
though a slight duplication here may
have occurred. Ths University of Ore
gon reports that 85 per cent, of the uni
versities replying prefer the semester
plan, while the Kansas Agricultural Col
lege arrives at a figure of (0 per cent.
Leaving out of consideration the Eastern
Institutions which were not Included
In this Investigation, It is safe to assume
that at least 6j per cent- or tlie col-
Easter bresk the continuity ot ths work
of each semester.
8. Ths semester division provides for
a better afflllatlon with high schools,
academies and ths smaller colleges In
reference to admission after i he open
ing of the academic year. Thetn schools
sre ths main feeders from which ws
draw our numbers and are ajnost ex
clusively npon ths semester basis at
ths present time. Where midyear
graduation is practiced In such uchools
It Is possible for ths freshman from ths
high school or ths student from ths
college with advanced credits to enter
on transfer without any loss of time
whatever. Since many students from
the colleges desire to make their trans
fer In ths middle of the year an oppor
tunity Is thus afforded without the con
sequent loss of time and still more Im
portant to them the loss of credit Ths
difficulties of attempting to adjust, to
ths satisfaction of the entrant, the mat
ter of credit of a semester with either
one or two quarters, or vice versa, you
arv all familiar with, and you are aware
a certain sacrifice or loss In credit is
always Inevitable In such cases. An
advantage Is unquestionably maintained
In a system which lends Itself fully to
ths preparatory schools from which la
draws ths patronage.
4. Ftour and five -hour courses may
he given In ths semester system pre
cisely as under the term plan; It also
provides for ths favorable presentation
of two-hour courses, which, for certain
subjects, such as literature, history,
philosophy, Ac., that require slower ab
sorption are regarded by many educa
tors as more advantageous than greater
frequency in a shorter time and this Is
also especially true for graduate courses.
The Introduction of three-hour courses
on the semester basis will give the same
xacmiy.
tendance of the summer session at Wis
consin Is usually less than one-half ot
the regular ssmester attendance, and ths
faculty is provided, with ths exception
of certain specialties from the outside,
from our members, who receive addi
tional compensation for their service a
This very materially augments their
yeai ly salarlei In amounts from f 100 to
1550 a year. The principle In vogue hers It
to alternate the appointments, so that In
rotation, to a lsrgs degrssreach member
receives his assignment of summsr ses
sion service. Tho financial returns from
the fees of ths summer session students
t Wisconsin make It largely self-supporting.
This of course may not be the
universal experience, but It Is men
tioned to show the economical feature
of the system In contrast with ths four
quarter plan, where your faculty must
i arliv be paid additional for an ex
tra quarter of a year's service, Ths re
sult is the same whether you allow for
a quarter leave ot absence with pay or
psy for the four quarters In cash. Ob
viously from a financial viewpoint the
advantaa-ea will ahoTv In fa
semester and summer session plan.
Ttjp query may naturally be raised
as td whether courses pursued through
two semesters and a summer session
whsre the work during the latter period
Is conducted under somewhat peculiar
conditions have the same relative value
as under ths quarter basis Experience
at Wisconsin In the summer session has
Indicated that a high grads of latenslve
work has been performed by the ma
jority of the students, and that ths
work accomplished in quality may safe
ly be legarded as the equivalent In char
acter of that of the regular semester.
The above argument presented In sup
port of the financial administration of
ths summer session may equally be re
garded as a completely vicious principle
from an educational perspective. A va
cation should give a professor a suffi
cient period for rest and recreation, but
Its main object should be to allow mem
bers of the faculty some opportunity to
do unimpeded research, to strengthen
scholarship, to prepare new courses and
to work over old ones. A summer school
which unduly draws on ths vitality of
ths regular faculty members and pays
them In cash Is Just so far a fores
weakening the higher efficiency of ths
Institution. Leaves of abseace gained
by teaching In the summer session make
up for this in some few cases, but a
habitual money payment really limits
tho average salary If actual efficiency In
the end is considered. Should this view-
be taken seriously, it will ho home in
Bachelor of Philosophy
Degree at Wesleyan
AsrTCH weeks of concentrated com
mittee work, ths faculty of Wes
leyan University of Mlddletown,
Conn., has formally announced the
changes In the curriculum of ths college
resulting from wartime eondlttona The
"cut system," which was entirely abol
ished last December, has been reinstated
with many restrictions Courses of
study ars so planned that freshmen and
sophomores Will have almost entirely
general culture studies, while Juniors
and seniors will be required to specialise,
looking forward to their ultimate call
ings. An elaborate system, of honors has
been devised. The department of physi
cal education, put upon the asms basis
s all other college departments, offers
required courses for the three lower
classes under the direction of Prof. Ed
gar Fauver. Ths theory upon which the
entire new curriculum la worked out Is
tli.it every undergraduate of IVesloyan
ahtuld have first aa background a broad
culture and general knowledge which
can be used aa basis for the advanced
special, studies of his last two years.
Hereafter three degrees will be offered
Instead of two, that of bachelor of phi
losophy being added to bachelor of
science snd bachelor of arts. There
has been no change in requirements for
admission except the addition of half a
unit for those students not prepared In
Latin and Greek. During freshman and
sophomore years the time of the students
will be given almost entirely to the re
quired .Introductory courses In many de
partments English, language, philoso
phy, social science, msthematlcs and
natural sciences. This Is, In a way, a
continuation and development of pre
paratory school work, as well as a pe
riod of Introduction to advanced special
study. Upon the broad foundation pro
vided by thla wide range of atudlea the
structure of advanced study can bs more
easily erected.
The special courses will be concen
trated 1n the last two years, when the
work of the student will be distinctly
different from that of earlier years.
The Junior should know definitely Into
what calling lis la going and should be
gin to prepare carefully for It. Each
undergraduate, therefore, will be re
quired to choose a department Into
which ths majority of the work carried
will fail, while the rest of It will be
In related departments. Each student
should bare at least a fair conception
of one of the great fields of knowledge.
The keynote of the last two years will
be specialisation. Just as that of the
first two will be generalization. Inter
est In these conoentrated studies will
be strengthened by a system of honor
work devised to encourage the studsnt
to voluntary prosecution of furtner
study In his chosen course
Along with these sweeping changes
are more stringent regulations regard
ing promotion from class to class, end
probation : absences or "cuts" will not
Be allowed to any student who Is tichind
In his work, while honor students will
have liberal allowances. The names of
honor men will bo pftMtshcd at regular
intervals.
Freshmen entering during the midyear : mind that there still remsins for rest
can be better accommodated AVidcr the
semester plan than under the quarter
plan. It Is always quite possible to
begin a sufficient number of courses In
the second semester to provide a satis
factory programme for new students en
tering at that time. It Is not easy for
any except large Institutions to arrange
subjects for entrance In each quarter, al
though this Is possible, as Is shown bv
the experience at Chicago, but this must
necessarily result In a repetition sev
eral times during the year of beginning
subject.
With
Beater Plan Combined
Summer Session.
This presents practically the same fa
cility for covering the time element,
whether the summer session has a six.
eight or ten weeks course, as In the case
of the three-quarter plan, and both of
these two systems must be regarded as
the same In comparison with the four
quarter system. It In conceded that a
tr.Bl at leaal oj per cenu oi un lpj.PI. omei j . I " -
legea and universities will operate next ttfiSLFSSSfJt , ? 1 ,CaD be ecur'J
year on the semester plan. This Is only
an approximation, but for ail practical
purposes it will answer In arriving at a
comparison. It Is apparent from the
above that the tide In the last fow years
shows a strong movement toward the
quarter system. How much further It
may continue to flow In thla direction
remains to be Been ; but some evidence Is
indicated in the following data: A year
ago responses from sixty of the leading
Institutions showed that eleven were
then on the four quarter basis, vis, I
Carnegie Institute of Technology, Chi
cago, Georgia, Mississippi. New Mexico,
Oregon, Pennsylvania estate College
(three-quarter system), Stanford. Texas,
University of Washington, and Utah,
or more than one-sixth of the number.
The plan at that time was under con
sideration In eight oilier Institutions,
nsmely, Boston, Maine. Missouri, Ohio,
North Dakota. Pittsburg, Syracuse,
University of Michigan and Western Ke
serve. That the number will now prob
ably show at least 40 per cent, for next
year will give an Indication of how
rcpld the transition has been during the
year. Of the State universities In this
Immediate vicinity, the University of
Minnesota plans to operate on the four
quarter system, Iowa on the three quar
ter, Illinois. Indiana, Michigan and
Wisconsin will continue on the aemester
basis..
The following systems may be re
garded as In practice : Two semesters
without summer session : two semesters
with summer session, with six to nine
weeks In a few cases of ten weeks ;
three quarter system, and four quarter
system. It would also be possible to
nsve a three quarter system with a
Shorter summer session.
Before a general discussion of the
main question perhaps It would be well
to consider briefly the natural divisions
of the normal calendar year. Assum
ing that Uie college year constats of
thirty-six weeks Its location In the calen
dar has a significant bearing. By com
mon consent Christmas week Is a holi
day, in fact, with necessary adjust
ments for Sundays about two weeks of
vacation may be counted on at that
tuna If a week Is allowed for vacation
" some time between January and June
(often referred to as ths "Easter
rscean"), the period from the beginning
sf ths year until commencement Is
thirty-nine weeks, or an even nine
months. If, now, the year can be so
adjusted that vacations come at the
enda of terms there la a distinct ad
vantage. On the semester plan this Is
Impossible, unless, as In one or two In
stitutions In ths far West, ths college
fear should begin tn r middle of
August and close the ddle of May.
On ths three term plan tile end can be
achieved by opening autumn late In
September and fixing commencement
oorreapondlngly late In June. On the
semester plan opening late In September,
which seems to bo accepted as the nor
mal date, the Christmas vacation falls
at an awkward place In ths semester
not more than four or five weeka be
fore the end of the aemester, and three
or four weeks before the examination
period decidedly a disadvantage. The
Easter recess produces a like qfr&dltlon
tor the second semester. Mechanically
then the odds sre it vr of the three
term plan. (i9B,jteglcally, however, the
ease Is as so clear, as will bs shown
later. s
Advantages of Semester System.
1. Less expensive, as to :
(a) Salary, on account of teaching
tart not being necessarily so large.
(b) Administration expenses can be
kept at a lower minimum ; registration
and examination of students twice In
stead of three or four times a year,
tn the Registrar's office alons the cost
(or additional clerical help In the mat
tar of sending out reports, recording and
registrations can aafely be placed at CO
per cent, additional whon the Institution
goes on a four quarter basis. .
2. Makes but one break In ths con
tinuity of the work of the regular year,
whereas the three-quarter ayatem makea
(wo such breaks Involving ths division
f ths work of a continuous course Into
three divisions Instead of two. On ths
iher kaa vacations at Ctirtrfrnga and
In four quarters of twelve i.
than In two aemeatera or v, '
.., . oi.i weeK summer MM nn tii.f In
nu recreation a six or more weeks
period after the close of the sum
mer session and before the resumption
of work at the beginning of the academic
year, asd also that the assignment for
summer work usually comes on alternate
years. Therefore, can this amount of
extra service required be regarded as
excessive for a year when accompanied
hy pay. either in extra salary or leave
of absence earned,?
Advantages of the Three-qoarter
Summer Session Plan.
1. This plan completes a subject at
the beglnalng of the Christmas recess
and at the beginning of the spring re
cess and avoids a break In teaching
continuity through Interruption by legal
vacations. This Is a direct advantage
over the semester system which causes
a serious break near the middle of the
semester by the Christmas vacation In
the first semester and the Easter recess
In the second semester. With the natural
interruptions caused by vacations In the
pllahed In such studies ss mathematics,
foreign languages and In the sciences.
Thla application has reference more
particularly to elementary courses In
these subjects. Subsequent courses,
however, demanding more serious time
reflection on the part of ths student,
cannot so advantageously bs condensed
Into a twelve weeks term.
J. The plan also provides for a mors
frequent opportunity for students to
enter or for former students to resume
their work where they were unable to
begin their studies at tho opening of
tho academic year. In other words the
plan affords greater dcmocratlo oppor
tunity. 4. It allows certain departments to
offer In tho spring quarter courses
closely correlated with field and experi
mental work, e. g., agriculture, geology,
botany, fto.
Advantages of the Foir Quarrel
8ysesa.
1. Enables the highest efficiency snd
utilization of plant throughout the year.
There can bo no question that a large
Investment such ss Is represented by our
institutions can not be run on an eco
nomic basis when In operation but s
part of the year. It must be borne In
mind, however, that the, buildings are
in Idleness In the summer at a period
when It costs less to operate them.
J, Shortening of course to three years
of continuous study for students who
wish to graduate In the shortest pos
sible time. This Is a very Important
one whose means are limited in
shorter attendance,
3. Shortening the time required for
teachers who deslro to gain advanced
middle of each eemester It has the erTWt i degrees by work In summer attendance,
la'i or , v ,i no- v, ,.. , .. .
hiw lour
Institution for ths summer work, and
should all of the Institutions be upon
thla baala there would not be the op
portunity of borrowing Instructors from
the Institutions that do not now maintain
work throughout the year. Obviously
lsrger faculties would be called for In
all of the Institutions, aa well aa In the
University of Chicago Itself and the
other Institutions that are now upon
the four quarter basis. There Is, there
fore, an absolute necessity for 'both
plana in our educational situation to
day. While there Is en actual need for
some Institutions to maintain the four
quarter basis, It does not follow that
all of our Institutions should he upon
this extended plan, nor Is this llkefy
to result Perhaps a fifty fifty basis may
be assumed In the near future as not
being far from the mark that will show
this distribution !
The financial and educational merits
of the systems as outlined above must
therefore be judged1 In the light in which
they may advantageously be applied
under existing conditions. That ench
system may have distinctive advantages
within Us own range will be readily ad
mitted. Aside from tliese distinguishing
features, to which attention has been
called, the rel difference In the systems
resolves Itself into that of the summer
term and this must be accepted ns the
essence of the problem In reaching a
decision upon which ba.sls the institution
desires to operate, both from a tinuncial
and educational viewpoint.
Toft cost of the. vear'a operation on a
conslderaeJon to the mature student or thlrty-slx. forty-two or forty-elrht
teachers, vocational and professional
students, produces a more heterogeneous
result than prevails during the regular
college year. Instruction must, there
fore, bs modified somewhat to meet these
unusual conditions, and hence the diffi
culty of comparison on anything like a
definite basis. In my reference hers to
summer session conditions I am speak
ing of situations as I know them at Wis
consin and due allowance must bs mads
for varying conditions elsewhere.
- In conclusion I will confess that the
query may very properly be, raised ss to
the propriety or necessity for a paper
upon this subject at our meeting. It haa
been dry from Its very nature and prob
ably unlntei rating from Its treatment
Its presentation may bo Justified, how
ever, on the theory that the subject di
rectly affects the duties that pertain to
the registrar. In the Institution con
templating a chsnge to the shorter term
throughout the year consideration should
be given to the necessity for a very much
larger clerical force In the registrar's
office (admittedly conceded to be quite
Inadequate in the average office) to take
care of. the extra registration and re
reglstratlon periods, the additional ex
aminations, tho sending out of term re
ports to parents, the- final recording of
grades, together with the multitudinous
other duties Incident to the office at the
beginning of a new term, and It will be
well to bear In mind that all of these
regular perlodldal performances must
now be completed In a much shorter
time than heretofore.
The main purpose of this paper, there
fore has been -a) to call attention to
the distinguishing features of the various
systems, and (b) to impress upon you
how vitally your own office Is concerned
that you may be more fully equipped to
present your views to the-faculty should
perchanco the matter of a change come
up for adoption.
If this hint should aid you In any way
to arrlvs at a fuller and better under
standing of ths situation. I am mors
than satisfied.
In
a much larger measure of credit
weeks year basis must be considered
from the annual resources available It
Is apparent that a six weekB Mimnier
session can be maintained pro rata at a
less cost than a ten weeks course. Sta
tistics will show conclusively where
parts, with registration and examlna- i ca" be ac0.u'rcl through a full quarter i the latter Is In operation the attendance
practice the advantage Is comparative! v tloila, however, recurrlns but twice than In the ordinary summer session
slight In the event of an eight or ten 2- Jl Provides for opportunity of ln- I summer quarter will undoubtedly,
weeks summer session. It Is quite pos- tensive study of a subject and neces- thrrKCore- mar attractive to this class
slblo for a strong student, by carrying j Sari by eliminates two and largely three I of 8tude,lts who can devote to residence
the maximum amount of work, to com-1 hour courses and consequently reduces i "tudy "'y ,ho BUmmtr vacation periods
plete his course under the semester and I he number of subjects to be carried for Uie altalnment of a degree,
summer session combination and gradn-' during the quarter. There la a strona ' FleIlbly regard to the con
ate In three years, even with a six weeks feeling among some Instructors that venlence of ,nemberl' ot the staff. In
summer session course, as he will be I such a change would be a great edu- I "tal" c&atB milV lPacl u three
covirlng during tho year a total of for- I catlonal advantage to the student. .ri luartra that are most favorable to their
ty-two weeks work. this Is the stronrest and most f,,n- work' vr toach ftur Quarters and gain
ine semester and summer session sr. damental rmm.ni . k- ... .. leave of absence
rrmH" 0f a c""ance of rW of the three or four quarter plan . ' reatPr ltjf Is also provided
Instructional work without the nece.ltv I But It win bs admitted JSZT S.te the student. Students who are
or increasing the size of your faculty ! sitlon that concentration for a hnH """y or wholly self-supporting may,
.greauy and you can borrow the I rlod in flv r .n .i. i
The it- ! per week can successfully be aceom-
additlonal Instructors needed.
T'
The Junior College
ncj junior couego was made the
subject of a report by the Junior
cuuege auD-commlttee of the
North Central Association of Colleges
and Secondary Schools, one of the most
Important bodies of the kind In the
country, at Its recent convention, the
report being prepared by James M.
Wood, president of Stephens Junior
College of Columbia. Missouri. In In
troducing ths paper President Wood
touched on the necessity of a "more
or less radical revision of the existing
educational machinery to meet more
thoroughly the needs of a democracy."
"In order to bring the greater mass
of students Into the field of secondary
Instruction, and that la the essential
thing In a democracy, theae reforma
must reault In a shortening of the pre
professlonal. as well as the pre-voca-tlonal
courses, so that the students
may complete them before reaching the
self-supporting age,'" continued Presi
dent Wood. "Among educational
leaders," ho observed later 1n the report,
"there Is a unanimous agreement that
the curriculum of the elementary
school can and should be reorganized
If the duplicate courses and non-essential
elements of courses be eliminated,
the work In the elementary school can
easily be covered In six years.
'Thla alx year elementary curriculum
should be followed by a four year high
school. In which the courses are adapted
to the needs snd Interests of early
adolescence. . . . Thla would add
an Impetus to ths movement to have
larger numbers of students complsts a
full high school course. . . . Kan
sas City and many other cities are al
ready beginning their secondary course
on top of a seven year elementary cur
riculum, and their students suffer no
loaa upon entering the higher Institutions
of learning. Why, then, may we not
eliminate ths Junior high school, so
called, which In most places Is a de
partmental Ised seventh and eighth grade
with a first year high school course
tacked on, and begin the regular high
school course at the close of ths sixth
grads?
"This brings us back to ths sugges
tion made by the University of Mis
souri, that the Junior college course
should cover a four year period. In
cluding the last two years of the high
school and the first two years of the
regular college course. This would
make the junior college, or. If preferred,
the collegiate, course coextensive In gen
eral with ths period of later adolescncs
or ths later secondary period. If ths
regular high school course should be
gin at ths oloss of ths sixth grade there
ia no reason why the regular collegiate
course may not begin at ths close of
this early aecondiry period. So far as
material equtpment and training and
experience of faculty ars concerned, an
A. B. degree earned In this way from
the public schools of St. Louis. Kansas
City, Chicago, Jollet or Detroit would
represent more than a similar degree
represents from a large percentage of
our colleges aa they ars at present or
ganised. "Not only would ths slx-4rur-four
plaa ImirtaH
students doing secondary work, but N
would have a twofold reaction on our
colleges. By making It possible for the
wealthier and more properous centres to
organize municipal collesres it would
Plaao collegiate instruction within the , pun, success of the four quarter system
rsjch of hundreds of thousands of boys i. ,..i .s .mnii.H i th-
and girls who otherwise would never be
according to their Individual needs, se
Isct the quarter most advantageous for
sarnmg the necessary means of con
tinuing their course.
S. The elimination of two and three
hour courses naturally results In In
tensive work centred for a shorter period
In dally recitations of four and tlvo
hour courses. Two snd three hour
courses result In the students frequently
taking six or seven subjects, with con
sequent division of effort.
Perhaps the best c idence of the com
permitted to enjoy its advantages. By
permitting these students to be taken
care of at home we should at the same
time relieve our universities of the over
flow of their freshman and sophomore
classes. With a multiplication of these
public 'colleges' our universities might
soon become in reality what they now
are 1n name. If an organization were
perfected along these lines the terms
'junior high school' and 'Junior college'
might well be used to designate the work
covered In the first two years of the
regular high school and the regular col
lege courses respectively, nils would
encoursge rdral communities and vil
lages that were not financially able to
support a regulir four year high school
to concentrate their ofTorts upon a Junior
high school. Those towns and cities that
were not financially able to support a
municipal college would likewise be en
couraged to establish a municipal Junior
college. The lanrest and wearftilest cit
ies might well maintain In addl -in to
their municipal college, municipal uni
versities and schools of technology."
Christian Soience Monitor.
case of our hostess (the University of
Chicago), in whose halls we are to-day
holding our moellnj. That the system
has worked so sdccessfully here, where
It has been In operation since the or
ganization of the university, must be
regarded as discounting any adverse
criticisms of the system as R whole
or of Its practicability. This of course
has not for a moment even been ques
tioned. The main difference between tho
four ijuarter system and the two se-
jgiestcr or three quarter system taken
r..ll,...t L-..L. II-a nptmiFll,- I,, tlt ulimtntP
quarter, both with reference to financial
and educational considerations The
fact must not be lost sight of that a
very Important factor here enters into
the situation. I have reference espe
cially to the student constituency of the
summer work. As has been pointed out,
this clientele differs very greatly from
that of the regular year. Should all
of tho Institutions go upon the four
quarter basis and niatntiln their Instruc
tion throughout the year this constitu
ency divided .among all of the Insti
tutions would leave, If equally divided,
a very small representation In each
New University of Hawaii
.LANS for a new College of Arts
and Sciences, which will grant the
degree of bachelor of arts and
which will give a general four year
college course nre made known In
the first fiubllc announcement concern
ing the newly created Unlveralty of
Hawaii, formerly the College qf Hawaii,
at Honolulu, Oahu. The present col
lege will, after the university charter be
comes effective on July 1, 1920, be known
as the College of Applied Science. It will
continue to grant Uie degree of Bachelor
of Science.
New professors and Instructors will
be added to the faculty with the open
ing of ths university year of 1920-21,
and some additions will be made this
fall. The general outline of the courses
leading to the new degree haa been an
nounced, and graduate degrees are
hinted at. The official announcement la,
in part, as follows:
Ths College of Hawaii waa organized
as a college of agriculture and mechanic
arts, contlnuea the Cartefian Science
Monitor. Its programmes of study have
been largely scientific and adapted to
fit young men and young women for
practical work In the applied sciences
Students who wished to prepare for law,
business life or other non-sclentlflc fields
have found that the opportunities here
were too limited.
The charter fsr the Unlveralty of
Hawaii, which passed the Legislature
this seaalon, provides that beginning In
120 ths present college shall be merged
Into a unlveralty which ahall consist, at
first, of at least two colleges and may
old tha AUahas tx4uJumatslr oomprlis a group ot several
for the second half Is very much lass
than for Uio tlrst peilod. The com, of
Instruction, however, remains relatively
the same for the second half of the
term as for the first.
Should It prove a fact, as seems ap
parent, that but u small attendance oc
curs during the second half of the sum
mer quarters of twelve weeks, then the
effectiveness of the utilisation of the
plant cannot be retarded as but slightly
if any greater than in the case of the
semester and threeiuarter plan, com
bined with a six weeks summer session,
since the overhead charges will remain
practically the same for the second as
for the first half.
In the case of a fourth quarter (ten
or twelve weeks) It Is assumed that the
same fees are charged as In the prevlt us
sessions of the year. In most univer
sities, and especially State Institutions.
It is well Understood that these charges
only In a email measure compensate for
the actual expenditures and that the
deficit must be covered by the Institu
tlpn from other sources. In the case of
a alx weeks summer session It Is usually
possible to charge a sultlclnetly high tui
tion fee for the ehorter period to covei
the greater part of the maintenance of
the course. Herein lies the financial
difference of a summer quarter and a
term of six weeks summer session an
expensive operation In tho former and a
practically self-supporting one in the
latter.
"From the educational viewpoint we
are concerned rtrlmarllv with la) the
character and scope of the work carried
on during the eummerterm, and (In the
I extent to which this work may he In
fluenced by continuous teaching through
out the year of forty-eight weeks Tliat
such a prolonged period of service for
a series of years would ultimately result
In a heavy tax upon the energies of
the average Instructor and eerlously af
fect hla efficiency will be readily ad
mitted. This practice would not meet
the sanction of our college administra
tors, who are not demanding that their
Instructors shall carry a peak load, but
are requiring that high degree of fresh
ness and efficiency In their work which
Is not compatible with faggod out ener
gies produced from a prolonged period
of teaching. It Is therefore Incumbent
where the four quarter system Is main
tained that relief be provided whereby
members of the teaching staff shall be
relieved from duty at least In alternate
years from teaching throughout the
year. This can be accomplished first
by a larger faculty, so that members
may relieve each other at different quar
ters, and secondly by calling upon such
Institutions as do not maintain a sum
mer quarter to supplement the corps of
Instruction by temporary assignment at
a time when they are free.
Confessedly It will prove very difficult
to measure the quality of the work of
either the summer term or full summer
quarter with any degree of accuracy In
comparison with that of'the remalrvdar
of the year, since two different types
of students are largely represented at
these seslona The major portion of
the attendance upon the summer work Is
composed ot teachers and students hav
ing but Irregular Intervals at tjielr com
mand In which to complete or curry on
their courses. The number of regular
students graduating In three years Is
shown to be relatively small even In
those Institutions that have long been
upon the four quarter basis.
It Is true also that a conatderabls
number of students In regular attend
ance throughout the academic year at
tend the summer aesslon for the purpose
of gaining additional credits In candi
dacy toward their degree their regular
students aro making up time lost by 111-
intsrrupiionaL wnus
MOUNT H0LY0KE COLLEGE.
A folder with the heading "Tour
Bonds for Tour College" Is being sent
out to all the alumnn of Mount Holyoke
College. Each alumna Is urged to con
tribute at least one Liberty bond to the
million and a half dollar endowment
fund. The campaign which Is now be
ing Inaugurated will continue through
June ;u. 1011,
When this sum Is secured It Will be
possible for tho college to make the In
crease in the salaries of the members of
the faculty Which has long been desir
able and Is now Imperative In Vfew of
present conditions, as a million dollars
will be devoted exclusively to endow
ment. Not a single department In the
college la sufficiently endowed to meet
Its own expenses lrd pay adequate sal
aries to its Instructors.
Half a million dollars must be appro
priated for new buildings Ever since
the burning of Wllllaton Hail In Decem
ber. 1917. a new science hall has been
the most Imperative need of the col
lege.. Because of the high cost of ma
terials and labor and .because ot the fact
that the attention of every one was en
grossed by war time activities. It seemed
Inadvisable to start a campaign for
funds at that time; so a temporary
science building was erected, but it Is
now proving Inadequate, and It Is also
needed for the purpose for which it was
designed at the outset.
The building of a dormitory group,
plans for which have been drawn bv the
architects. Bralnerd k Leeds of Bos
ton, cannot be postponed longer, unless
Mount Holyoke Is to refuse admission to
many of the students who are applying
for admission each year. As It Is, the
campus houses are overcrowded, and re
lief from this congestion Is essential
Miss Ruth French Adams. '13, of Port
land, Me., who has been appointed exec
utive secretary of ths endowment fund
committee, will organise and direct the
campaign.
A New Honor System
For Brown University
ANEW honor system la to bs In
Inaugurated at Brown Uni
versity next ML Ths pros
pectus as Issued by ths university
says:
The unlveralty will make the follow
ing changes In order to stimulate mors
vital Interests In scholarships, to offer
students of marked ability greater op
portunity to carry on their work while
In close assoclstlon with one or mors
members of tho faculty, and to encour
age them to measure their achievement
In terms of breadth and depth of knowl
edge rather than In number of courses
or of facts acquired :
1. That preliminary honors of two
grades be awarded at ths close of ths
sophomore year to students whose work
for the two years has been of an ex
ceptional character.
2. That final honors of two grades be
awarded at graduation on the basis of
a student's work In some chosen field
of concentration.
t. That honor courses be established
In certain departments.
These honora will be awarded, atart
Ing with the class of 1922, In all de
grees. Including the Sc. B. degree. For
preliminary honora the student's gradea
must be not less than 40 per cent. A,
not h-ss than SO per cent. and B,
and must Include no failures. Tho
highest preliminary honors will he giv
en to those whose grades contain not
leas than S3 per cent. A ana 100 per
csnt. A and B.
. Except In special cases only those
who have achieved at least prellmlmry
honor; will be ' accepted as candidates
for final honora TAe candidate muat
pursue with distinction at least five
year courses In his field of concentra
tion. The committee on educational ad
vice and direction will provide him with
a special course during both hla Junior
and senior years, the work being done
under the direct supervision of a mem
ber of the faculty, but will not Include
the routine of class work. The Intention
la to make the "quantity and quality
of work greatly In excess of that neces
sary for the ordinary college course."
In this case ho would probably be re
quired to take only four courses a year,
getting the full credit. If tho candidate
does not show unusual achievement In
his field of concentration, or If he does
not maintain a B averepe In his other
course, ho will be required to discon
tinue his candidacy for the final honor.
A candidate would be excused from
regular examinations at tho close of
his senior year, and possibly during tho
whole of that S'ear Tho statement con
tinues, "at the erel of the senior year
the candidate for honors will be exam
ined In the whole work of the field of
concentration. This examination will
consist of a written test of not less than
four hours' extent and of an oral exam
ination, conducted by a commutes of
the department, and open to members
of the university. At the option ofeths
department concerned, a thesis or rs
port may also be required. That atu
dents falling to maintain the proper
standard In this examination be given
credit In the concentration work toward
the degree without honora."
These honors will do away with alt
department honors, the new basis be
ing on the field of concentration. Ths
plan will constat of supervised reading,
reports and essays at stated Intervals,
but will discontinue the present three.
hours a week of classroom attendance.
IMSTEUCTION.
BOTH SKXKS.
CAMP MONT BLETJ.
The canoe trip through Bigle, Uto
wanus. Jlaouette, Forked and Long
lakes, the Marlon and Raquette rivers,
which was scheduie.l for List week. wa
postponed on account of rain, and will
be taken during the present week. While
wailing for the trip the boys are enjoy
ing the baa Ashing.
Several shorter trips have been taken
Into the woods, the first to Tlrrell and
Wolf ponds. On tliis trip the boys used
the small shelter tents of the army, and
spent the night in Tirrell.
HOLY NAME'S MUSICAL.
The Academy of the Holy. Name, Al
bany. N. T.i has a music department
whose merit Is 6econd to none of lis
kind In the Slat" of New York. The
staff, composed principally of religious
teachers, Includes such masters as Sigls
mond Stojowskl and Alfred V. Cornell
of N"ew York. The department makes a
The following programme was rendered
recently : .
...Chnpin-Utrt
Stojowikl
. Baconian ia off
Stojowskl
Chopin
Drfflt
schools and colleges. The present Col
lege of Hawaii, which grants the bach
elor or science degree, becomes the Col
lege of Applied Science of the univer
sity and a new College of Arts and Sci
ences will provide for the lines of study
heretofore not given or given to only a
small extent at the College of Hawaii. I
The College of Arts and Sciences will
grant the bachelor of arts degree, and
probably In due course of time one or
more higher degrees.
Beginning In the fall of 1920 a num
ber of new professors will bo required
for the added work in government, his
tory, sociology, languagea, philosophy,
education and the like. It Is expected
that a new man to handle economics,
accounting, banking and allied business
subjects will be added to the college fac
ulty, to begin work this September, and
It Is also planned to add Spanish for this
next college year.
The unlveralty will, therefore, offer
opportunities fsr well rounded study In
practically all of the fields of undergrad
uate work and In certain lines of grad
uate study.
The tentative plana for ths College of
Arts and Sciences provide for a common
freshman year, which Is partly pre- i ness er neccssarv
scribed and partly elective. Beginning students who have Incurred deficiencies
Ths Malilen's Wii.li
j las BroskeMe
Prelude iu a mt-ior
Frances Cunt-ire!!.
Flsurettes
ri'lontlse, en No. 1
Marjorie McTlonoush.
Sourenlr frtslln)
Klizaheth Kellr.
Princes CgBtWeU it the pltno
TV!oni Paderewskl
V-tilme (F insjurl Schumann
Rrheizo In 0 aliarp nilnor Chopin
Alice McF.nenT.
Carntrsl Mlruon..' ...Bchntt
Irene Cooler.
Classic Panees
The Prlnsteeara Iphecenle en Tsnrlde Olnck
Enaemlile.
Moment Mnalcal ,
Anita Maat.
Polyhrmnls-gerenau
Marlon O'Connor.
WalUes
The Cherished Urn H area rolls...
Anita Maaa
Dince Amcricalue
EnaemMe.
AagrJlna Basso at the piano.
f Marlon u rennet,
Irirllila nreoean.
Constance Hammond,
f'.lliali'th Brnies,
kathleen Green.
I'luins Mcintosh.
grhnnert
.Moaxkowakl
ftohobert
TachalkowaU
.Ganne
Extensive Improvements
at Pennington.
For th first time In many years Pen
nington School la looking forward to a
season with confldrnoe. The board of
trustees recently authorised the improve
ment committee to jj?o ahead with exten
sive rerpaira and renovations to tho main
building.
After commencement Tr. EX R Bmn
yate. the. chairman of tho committee for
Improvement, obtained the services of
six students and called In the carpenters
and painters, electrician, plasterers
i plumbers, roofers and tinsmiths, and laid
down the plan for a systematic renova
tion of the ocr liaLf a century old build
ings. Among the first things discussed were
the change to be made on Bondage and
Liberty halls. Here single rooms were
thrown Into a suite of three rooms for
two boys, consisting of two single bed
rooms and r Joint study. New floors
were laid. Vhe woodwork glvrn heavy
coats of white paint, and newly papered
throughout- A new sy.-ten. of electric
lighting has been installed which will add
greatly to tho attractiveness of tho suites
and room New beds, mattresses, bu
reaus, tables, chair aixl ruga have been
purchased under tho direction of the
committee.
Tills Will make the donn'torirs lo
cMrdly more attractive, homelike, pleas
ant an-1 comfortable for the boy. The
plumbing Is of the highest oMer. having
been furnished by J. L. Mott & Co. The
rooms and balls are largo and roomy,
and lots of fresh. Invigorating air comes
Into the dormitories.
Tlie outside of the building Is being
treated With a preparation made by
Benjamin Moore & Co.. worldwi.io paint
manufacturers. It Is an attractive
cream color; the sh ajid trim are white
and brown respect' ly. The porch has
been renovated and a new roof lian been
put on, and the porch proper will be
painted with two coals of heavy white
paint Tlie sun parlors will be comforta
bly equipped and decorated, so that the
entire building will be In first olaaa rc.paii
when the boys, return on Septpniler Hi.
Steelman 4c Co, of Trenton havo put a
new four ply slag roof on the main build
ing, and Voorbees & Co, have made th
Administration Building roof tight and
weatherproof. This decidedly is an im
portant factor for the comfort of the stu
dent body during ihe winter months.
The committee, consisting of President
Masaey, J. FlthUn TA-tem. .V W. Spark ft
and Dr. Brunyate. are puahlnff the work
with much expedition. They ars taking
a personal Interest and pride In the work,
and thla will Insure the work being done
! in a satisfactory manner.
Pennington School in facing the fntur
with optimism. The directors are very
earnest in their plans, and patrons may
bs sure that the interests of their chil-
I dren will be well taken care of.
The students who are bclping In such
splendid waj s with these Improvements
are II. Sheippard. Charles Titus. Theo
dore Schwuix. Math '.on Weber. arl Vosa
land Arthur Brown. They deserve n great
deal of credit for the fine spirit they
have manifested toward a difficult task
SUMMER SCHOOL AND
CAMP FOR GIRLS
Id the
Schawangun Mountains
In thin f'imp part of the day wflj be
deroted to ntudle and remainder to
outdfsor sortt. For particulars phone
L'ol uict u 744 or call at 301 West 7 2d St.
Jfor(onc
1001
icenrafiqa
A SCHOOL WHERE
RECORDS ARE MADE
Boarding and Day Pupils
The Principal will be at thr Main Of
fice lOirla Srhonl from 12 to 3 P. If.
end from f ts s P, 1. dally to Inter
view paronta. Phonft V!unibua 7.4.
Bora' M-hnnl. ?d M. at Wrat End Ats
Clrla'. Hrhenl. SOI Went Itii St.
CATALOG ON FIQDISI
SECRETARIAL
SUMMER SCHOOL
Accounting,
Shorthand (Pitman or Gregg)
Dav and Evening
A SCHOOL WORTH SEEING
Merchants & Bankers' Business School
Madibon Ave. at 58th St.. N. Y. C
C. I s l I l Director.
Berkeley-Irving School
A Preparatory Krhonl for Bora
nil Mr. i -.mi Street
Lftrtlvldunl In-trui-tlon. Manuel tretn.
in. .-.rir pvinnauum building, frith larot
roof, pla uf round, and xu-immtno pooL
uuwiy tiojin. .Military Drill.
I..1.IIAY. Headmaster
lUnxtrnted C oiiUmji,
Tel.Schuj ler
esse
fiordeiitown Military Institute ra-?" prep-
, a rat Ion for col.
''" ' b"'n',"- Efficient faculty. ,mu
claaa-a. ImllvVlua; attention. Mllltei-r
Urainlnf. upervia.d ethletlca. 1Mb year.
Dra.-r c"',. BordeotuVn. S.J.piloTi
Com'd
The Mercersburg Academy
roil HO V 8 Mercerebor,, P.
send for ratalogu to
rV m. Mann Irtlne, Ph. !., IX. D
nranmaaier, hot 141
HIANKI IN AND MABAflALlTAfluiMZ,
Founded 1717. Pi "Phi . bo for all ool-
letea and technical achoola. vid Brvio
bttile el . living moderate terma. Literature
at Intereat m college preparatory atudenta!
Artdree. B. M, HAUT.MAN. A. M PrlnolpeL
Bsaemble,
tSSTKrcTlOia.
Institute of flbuefcal
&tt of bc Oft ot new fork
Krank rtuimwa. Director. Provldea
nomprrbeuaire rnualoml education lu all
branches Kndowed. Entrance eaamlna
tlona heeinnluc September 30th. AUdreea
Secretary, 120 t'laremant At.. N.T.Oty
with the acrphoniore year the aluilent
aelecta one of the groupa uf atudleM and
will be required to aeln.t the greater
part of the work of the u-t three years
according to the regulatuma governing
ths selected (roup. A thorough knowl
edge of American hlatcry snd govern
ment will be ons of ths requirements for
graduation frith, ths JL B. degree.
In couraea avail thetnaelves of thia op
portunity to square accounli? by the open
ing o the next year. A serious minded
group la thus In attendance at the auni
me'r aeaaion, compoaed largely of ad
vanced and graduate students The
complexion of the student body during
ths summer session, composed ss it la
of undergraduates, graduate students,
NEW YORK AMERICAN
CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC
Its Meat - M si.
EXPERT INSTRUCTORS
In all mi x s H i s OF m I lt.
Tamil, $12 50 per quarter upward.
ar.Sli FOR i i i in. I i
at iir.K CAMPS.
RAINBOW'S END
lilt (AMP FOK u 1 1 VI at N
Prom rear uuforgeilable plav-tlma. - Is
the mountau.a, rrtuin ravaallEed. .tubliant.
Win. Claudia Jo Tunla. Brldsevllla. N J.
Mont Bleu for Boye Adirondack!; flah
Ina. awlmmlng. Inatructlon, etc.; five week
eeaeon. I1S0. JOHN MoCORMACK, A. a!.,
Blue ML Lake, . X.
rvsTRrrrioN.
M Hill Wl-ll II -
SCHOLARSHIPS
D. Appleton and Company will
aid you to secure a free scholarship
in any educational institution in the
United States in cxchanjre for Rum
mer work in their behalf. Offer in
cludes all universities, scientific,
musical and relifrious institutions.
For particulars write to or call on
Albert E. Wier, c o D. APPLETON
& CO.. 35 West 32nd St., New York
City,
G M. AMI M- ill EN Al ll-INUOORSI
' MAC I.F.VY. :lo3 4ili at. Madtaun Sonare-JesS
IOK 4.UILS AND YOLNU YVOMJUI.
Mount de Kalee Academy of the VlalUrle
M.!,".b ll'": by S"1"' Vlaltitlos.
Mualc. Ijinguaa-ea and Art couraea Collese
Preparatory and elective. Com mod oue
bulldlnara. Beautiful srounda. Homelike
anvlr..nm-nt. fat.los on re,,.t. Addrees
The llrertreee.Catop..lile. nr. Baltimore. Md
SWIM MI NtX
SWIMMING 88SS8
EASILY LEARNED
I'AItAeae
- graTMsaaJ
com mitt nmsHwc mmtr Ante wcwt-nf
West 5id,Y.W.CA.50"5:IO'W
Schools and Summer Camps
for Boys and Girls
Would you like to know of a school or summer camp which
will meet the requirements of your boy or girl?
Why not write us? We can aid you in the selection of the
right school.
In writing it is essential to give the location, tuition, and kind
of school desired, the age and sex of the applicant.
Sun Educational Bureau
150 Nassau St. New York
Lecture a
technical discus
sion of Fundamen
tal s of Accounting,
Basic 'Statements for
Opening Books, and
Elucidation of Account
ing Propositions will bo
given at Pace Institute
Monday evening, July 21, 6:05
P. M. A limited number of
tickets are available. Apply to
Pacs A Pace, 30 Church St..
Naw York.
MARYM0UNT JSJS
K"r i'.Hni"u nd.lreaa Th neveren d Mother
FOB BOYS AND YULNO MKN.
tomeTchool
ON-THE-Sl BQVBHAMNA
NATIONAL BOAKIMNU M HOOIi
FOR BOYS
With a SI nun endowment,
SEPARATE M IIOOI. FOB I.ITTI.E MOTS.
Vnkr, Bops Phytically f it.
Ml'KKAV I'KAIIOIIV IIKlSH. PH.Dk.
Klrertur.
Tort llepnalt, M .1 r i In n d.
A