The sun. [volume], September 13, 1919, Page 6, Image 6

About The sun. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1916-1920

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A
JOHNSON EXPOSES
ENVOYS' DUPLICITY
Loaded With Secret Treaties,
They Upheld High Aims
of American Nations.
POOR BASIS FOR A TREATY
in St Louis Speech Senator
Calls Article X. Heart of
Whole Bad Business.
Br. Louis, BepJ Jt2. Trailing Presi
dent Wilson through tho middle West,
presenting argument opposing the'ratl
flcatlon of tho League- of Nations cove
nant. Senator Hiram W. Jolmson of
California addressed two large and en
thusiastic audiences In St Louis to-day.
At noon ho spoke to a gnthcrlng of
business men at tho City Club. To-night
ho addresesd a largo mass meeting In tho
Coliseum, where President Wilson spoke
when he visited St Louts a week ago.
At tho night meeting ho was Introduced
by Dr. Johrr IL Simon, a prominent
Democrat
"I want to deny Mr. Wilson's chargo
that the American" people are' quitters If
they refuse to approve the League of Nn.
tlons. The American pcoplo never Quit
When Mr, Wilson' went to Paris to do
mand his fourteen points and came
homo without them the American people
did not quit; somebody else quit
"Did tho President when ha was here
explain why Great Britain was given
Ix votes In tho League of Nations and
tho United States 'only one?"
There were shouts of "No 1" and hisses
for Great Britain. ,
"Of course he didn't And ho nover
will because he can't," said the Senator.
"Tho Monroe Doctrine is handed over
to the sinister foreign Powers by Mr.
Wilson and this League of Nations," he
continued. "We don't have to become
tho partners of burglars simply becauso
wo can't prevent burglary."
In Ms plea for the defeat of the League
ot Nations In Its present form Senator
Johnson described the treaty of peace
as a patchwork of the secret treatlos
made between the Allies, unknown to
America, beforo and during the war, and
challenged the recent declaration of the
President that failure to concur in the
settlement of the terms of peace by
the United States "would put a stain
upon our national honor which we never
could efface." Paraphrasing the Presi
dent the Senator called Article X. the
"heart of the whole bad business."
"Does the Prosldont Intend to eay that
It will put a stain upon our honor If we
do not carry out tho secret bargainings
which were, with a duplicity unparalleled
in the world's hlHtory, concealed from
usT" asked tho Senator.
Ho described the visits to this country
after our declaration of war'of the diplo
matic representatives of England,
France, Italy and Japan.
Duplicity ol Foreign Envoys.
"In the full flush of righteous indigna
tion against a ruthless enemy, we were
bending every energy In behalf of a Just
cause." said Senator Johnson. "Before
the United States Senate In terms as
Idealistic as those we employed, Mr. Bal
four for England, Mr. Vlvianl for France,
Italy's Prince and Japan's representative
spoke. Until they came no foreigner had
ever stood upon the rostrum ot the
United States Senate since Lafayette's
visit While these representatives of the
four great Powers were speaking to us
upon the same plane upon which we were
acting and appealing to the same lofty
'sentiments and altruistic purposes, their
very pockets were .bulging with the se
cret treaties they had made among them
selves for the partition ot the world and
the distribution of the spoils of tho war.
"During all tho period that they were
with us not a word was said, not a syl
lable was lisped i while we were pouring
out our blood and treasure, not a hint of
a suggestion while we were announcing
to the world our peace policies of the
secret partition of lands In Europe, Asia
and Africa. The words we uttered as
to our purposes In the war, the princi
ples we laid 'down upon which peace
should bo concluded, were reechoed and
assented to by those very Powers with
whom we were fighting side by side.
Senator Johnson enumerated thePresi
dent's wartime declarations of Amerl
ca's peace alms. He quoted the Presi
dent's assertion that the processes of
peace should be absolutely jpen and
permit no secret understandings of any
kind.
'"A general pcaeo cannot be pieced to
gether out ot the Individual understand
ings of the powerful States." he said.
"These very principles of peace wereities of Maine and King and Bartlett.
acceptea uy uie nuiuers ut ine secret
treaties,'' declared the Senator, "We
may view their denial now by foreign
nations perhaps with only passing re
gret, tout It we break our faith to the
world and to our own people then our
national honor will bo stained as In
all our prou'd history It has never been
stained before."
"War Worn Epithets Obsolete.
Speaking at the City Club luncheon
Kerator Johnson sa'.d In part:
"Mr. Wilson has two favorite argu
ments, not unknown to a certain class of
lawyers. He adopts the methods of the
bad case and denounces his opponents.
Ho endeavors to frighten them with epl-
thftfl nf nrn-fjermflnlsm. tn whtnh
himself became accustomed from August .
1S14, to April, 1917, and when tho full
effect of this belated and now obsolete
charge Is not apparent he adopts the
second line of denunciation of en
trenched power and shouts Bolshevist a
cborncterizatlon with which he Is qutto
familiar. The day is past, thank God,
when American citizens can bo swerved
from their duty by outworn war epi
thets." Asserting that the" League of Nations
seeks to make the United States a mi
nority stockholder In an International
corporation, Senator Johnson added;
"I have henrd of nation's placing them
selves In tho hands of their creditors,
but this Is tho first tlmo I ever heard It
suggested that a nation place Itself In
the hands of Its debtors."
He said the UMted States was the
only going, solvent nation In the world
to-day.
After paying tribute to the ability of
Great Britain's diplomats he saldi "I
wish the United States could havo hired
Lloyd George to represent It at the
Peace Conference,"
1$. GET $22,500,000 OERMAN GOLD.
Urlttsn -Will send Some to U. s.
and Cnnndn to Pay for Food.
txjNDON, Sept.- II. -It was reported
-day that H.500,000 In" gold had
reached London from Germany, A por
tion Is said to bo already on the way
to Conada In payment for foodstuffs.
Gold valued at 850,000, which Is
half la shipment Just received from
South Africa, has been sold for ship
ment to America, th price. Including
the commission, being 96 shillings, four,
pence, halfpenny an ounce. This Is fif
teen per cent above the Baffle ot Eng
land's ordinary, burins Jrals
WILSON FINDS WEST
FOR RESERVATIONS
Continued from First Pags.
standing what the treaty means, but "If
Congress wants to' state tho meaning
over again In other words, 'we under
stand the treaty to mean what It says,'
nil right; I havo no objection."
Sienna IlrKftInK of Germany.
But nothing else, ladles and 'gentle
men. The Senate can quibble In lan
guage all that It pleases, but It must not
change the document unless It wants
to throw the world Into anarchy and
tuln the United States with the rest ot
the world. "ToU can avoid a misunder
standing without changing the docu
ment." Subordinated to the dire prediction
that all civilization will go up In flames
If the Senate makes the slightest change
In tho manuscript Mr. Wilson brought
back from Paris Is the argument calcu
lated to Impress a victorious country
proud In tho triumph of Its army and
navy, the argument that any change
means begging a beaten foe, Germany,
to sign nn'jnmonded document, and he
says that would be more than he could
bear.
"If tho Senate ratifies on tho condition
that so and so la understood, then that
will have to bo submitted to every
signatory of the treaty." Mr.' Wilson
says, "Including the Oerman Assembly
at Weimar. That gravels mo. That
goes against my digestion."
That touch should Hare tapped the
fountains of applause. The West cheers
readily at time when it likes a man or
a man's ideas. But the applause that
Mr. Wilson got for nn Insinuation of
victors brought to humiliation by a
stupid Senate brought no more shouts
or volume ot handclapplng than barely
could have been heard across Broad
way. The thin plaints of distressed
babies overwhelmed the acclaim. As the
actor folk say, "It didn't get over."
Nor did his other and mora portentous
arguments, predictions and threats fare
better.
Ills Polloe Stand Approved.
The one rare burst of applause that
Mr. Wilson received at Coeur d'Alene,
Helena and here In Spokano leaped from
the responsiveness of the people to his
denunciation of the striking policemen
of Boston when he called tho police
strike there '"an Intolerable crime
against civilisation." , In that applause
there was the real ring of fervid ap
proval, that Indefinable, Indescribable,
but always Identifiable note of approval
from tho heart
Tho Northwest Is a great deal, more
Interested In hearing Mr. Wilson de
nounce agitators than It Is In hearing
him encourage them by such speeches
as he delivered yesterday and to-day.
For there were In the audience which
heard with amaiement his statement
that he would not ask agitators to atop
agitating, that he would only "beg" of
them to ngitate In nn orderly fashion,
many men who have taken their lives
In their hands out In this part of the
country In an effort to check agitation
and anarchy. They don't know what
he Is talking about when he tells them
that he approves of agitation against
wrongs, because they say, the leaders
ot agitation are the persons who defino
"wrongs."
Mr. Wilson came to Coeur d'Alene,
with Its bitter memories of the Western
Federation of Miners, of the assassinated
Steunenberg and of Big Bill Haywood,
from uninterested Helena, where the lit
tle girls who dropped flowers in his path
way were the most Interested of his
hosts. In Helena last night ho delivered
the longest speech the tour has yet re
corded, a speech devoid of fresh Infor
mation, a speech which resurveyed his
now familiar appeals. He said one or
two things though which made some of
his hearers blink, that men who oppose'
the League ot .Nations are comparable
to the men who tried to divide the Union ;
that he came to understand the Mexican
question BOlcly through hearing the re
ports ot liars and that Shantung Is out
side the League of Nations.
Enters by Hitter Itoot Valley.
He approached Coeur d'Alene this
morning through the old prospectors'
gateway, Rathdrum, leaving his special
train at 9 A. M. to travel fourteen miles
by motor car through the Bitter Koot
Valley. It Is a valley richly productive In
fruit and wheat, though the drought of
tho past season has hit the fruit grow,
ers and the ranchers very hard through
out the Northwest, and the President's
fast speeding motor car Bhot between
applo orchards, where files of. young
tret marched up to the roadway bowing
10 me grounu unuer weir luscious our
dens. Later Mr. Wilson waB to bo presented
with somo fine baskets full ot the fruit
as yesterday he received presents of rain
bow trout from Montana, Including a
twenty pounder. This Is a fish story
which can bo corroborated by the Prcsl
dent of the United States and the As
eoolated Press, but neither can show
that tho rainbow trout of Montana com
pares In any way with the speckled beau
mao ana opencer mream.
He spoko In a tent at Coeur d'Alene.
a tent hot up under the black wall of a
mountain. Four thousand persons
crowded In, since tho country round
about was highly Interested In the
Presidential visit, and he was Introduced
by Gov. D, W. Davis, who had travelled
In a State of vast '"distances three solid
days for tho honor or presenting a Presl
dent thrcd days from Boise to Coeur
d'Alene. .The President expressed his
pleasure over being able to got away
from Washington, "an Interesting but
lonely" place, where persons In respons.
Ibla positions lose .touch with publlo
opinion. As cor him, he delighted at
every opportunity to get: .out into the
wide reaches of the country, to look Into
,ne eyoa ot hlB feUow citizens, penetrate
W tna nea ul9'f inougms ana re-
charge the currents of his activity In
their behalf.
"Opposing Liberty Ksclf."
lie was amazed that some gentlemen
In responsible positions were opposed al
together to the ratification of the peace
treaty, for they wero opposing liberty
Itself. Why, ho asked, did we send our
soldlrs across the sea when America was
not imperiled! Solely to bring liberty
to tho world. And now these gentlemen,
he cast out with appropriate scorn, are
about to desert the world. Pro-German-ism
was raising its head nnd hissing.
Pro-Germanism was opposing the rati
fication of tho treaty becauso Germany
hopes to nlly herself some day with tho
United States In another scheme to
dominate the world,
"Don't let nnybody delude you," he
sad, "with the pose of being nn Amer
ican. If I am an American I want to
bo an Intellectual American."
And he warned them not to mistake
the signs ot tho times, signs that the
people were getting ready to pull down
governments unless Justice was granted.
uisnearienea oy ins ucsernon ot Amer
ica thess jcorlc ireu'd cire little Trhat
happened. Disorder would swamp the
world nnd America would sink with the
rest of mankind. Rejection of the treaty
would mean world disorder, for the poison
already had spread to America. But he
did not want tho correctness of his view
proved by an ern of blood and chaos.
That would surely come if the treaty
was rejected or altered.
In Hunger of n Minority.'
"We aro ourselves In danger of a
minority trying to control our affairs,"
continued Mr, Wilson. "If you think
you can afford to live In , t chant la world
A
speak words ot encouragement to the
men who are opposing the treaty. If
you want to keep your boys at home
and do not want them sent out to fight
again demand the ratification of an un
qualified treaty. We must redeem our
promises to the world or be of all men
the most discredited. I never could look
another mother In the face If I didn't
go to the country- to -get the treaty
adopted without (rustications. And I am
hot in the least Uneasy about the-result
jit I, were putting tho issue on the lowest
conceivable basis, the money we would
make, I would say, ratify."
The President maintained that tho
league was' not ft league of arms but a
league of arbitration, sure to work bo
cause men would not fight whenever
they had a ehanco to talk things bver,
and the league Insured nine months to
cool off In. He contended that In coming
back with the covenant he had fulfilled
the mandate of Congress as expressed
In the naval appropriation, bill, "and
now they don't Uko what they have got"
he said.
Ho then uttered hla opposition to uni
son of reservation whatever, stating that
reservations were merely quibbles over
the meanings of wprds and would force
our humiliation, make us go hat in hand
to Germany, and ho closed with this i
"We aro at a turning point In the
fortune's of .the world."
Returning to Rathdrum, the President
shook hands with several hundred of
mountain folk who were gathered at tho
station, and then Invited Gov. Davis and
Mrs. Davis to accompany him and Mrs.
Wilson to Spokane, where W Presided.
tiai special arrived at 4 P. M.
Welcomed by la Mayors.
Spokane received the President hand
somely, turning probably half of her
160,000 people into the streets to view
the procession of motor cars. Tho receD-
tlon cgmmitteo consisted 'of thirteen
Mayors' of eastern Washington cities
Every ono ot theso hastened to go on
record at stating that the reception was
aistmcuy in nonor or tne 1'restdent or
all the people and was no reflection of
the sentiment for the League of Nations.
As tho thirteen Mayors expressed tho
sentiment of this State, It is that thu
treaty be put through as quickly as pos
sible, but that It must not be adopted
In Its present form. The people, lrre-'
spcctlvo of party, have declared In this
State for amendments or for textual
reservations and they are Arm In that
stand. The Mayors believe that a
referendum In this State would demmd
strong reservations by a majority of
100,000.
In the armory In Spokane, Mr. Wilson
began his speech before 4,090 persona
with a defence of "tho heart of the
treaty, Article X.," without which, he
said, It was not workable. He then said
that " not one of the qualifications which
have been suggested are Justified by tho
language of tho Instrument Tho coun
try need not'be afraid of withdrawal, hs
said, unless the people were afraid of
the opinion of mankind or wanted to
wrong somo other nation.
"We can withdraw when we please,"
said Mr, Wilson, "that Is what the In
strument iys In effect , I nm not
afraid to go beforo the jury of man
kind." Ho maintained that the council ot tho
league could only "advise," and that the
powers of Congress and the sovereignty
ot the United States was not In the least
affected.
"I have .not heard one of these gentle
men suggest anything belter. In fact I
have not- heard them suggest anything,"
ho said. "I want to say again and again,
Tut up or shut up.'
"There Is an element In t,hjs discus
sion which ought not be In It an ele
ment of personal bitterness. One would
think this covenant had been written by
a man named Wilson. I wish I had, but
I got the Idea twenty years ago, and it
camo from Republican leaders. I hear
men say, 'I nm a Republican, but I am
for the League of Nations.' Why the
"but"? My present point is to disassoci
ate the League of Nations from' the pres
ent speaker. I did not originate It"
Ho asserted that throughout the mak
ing of the treaty he fought to leave Con
gress free to preserve Its powers.
Of his opponents he said: "These
gentlemen are dreaming of things that
cannot happen. Tho great trouble now
adays Is that men know so many things
that are not so."
Ho defended the Monroe Doctrine sec
tion of tho treaty, saying that it recog
nized for tho first tlmo the recognition
of the Monroo Doctrine by the nations
ot tho world.
"What more do you want to recog
nize the dlety of the Monroe Doctrine?"
Ho said he couldn't "feel- the weight
of the difficulty" as regards other do
mestic questions. It would not do, he
said, to enumerate Buch questions, be
causo you might leave out something.
He believed It "was Inconceivable that
the council should over seek to Interfere
in domostlo matters."
Disputes Control hr Britain.
HO denied the validity of the argu
ment that Great Britain would have six
votes to one for tho United States, hold
ing that the British colonies and do
mlnlono must vote as one; moreover, a
unanimous vote was required, which he
regarded as a weak point of the league.
Ho asserted that the league opens all
bad transactions to the eyes of the
world and safeguards the oppressed. He
closed by picturing the despair of Eu
rope, despair permeated with tho poison
of disorder. Did America want that to
spread hers? ho asked. Reject or alter
the treaty and nit down to await the
collapse ot the world, That was all that
would bo left, he told them.
"I beg of my Republican friends," he
closed, "not to think of 1920 when you
are thinking about the redemption ot the
world."
The President's special left Spokane In
tho Ute afternoon. It will arrive at Ta
coraa early to-morrow morning, where
the President will Bpeak at 10 A, M.
Then he goes to Seattle, whero he will
review the Paclflo fleet In the after
noon. '
"CONGRESS IS LEFT
FREE BY TREATY"
President Saya No Qualifica
tion Is Justified,
(Spokane, Sept. 12. President Wil
son's address here to-day follows in
part;
I want to discuss with you very
frankly. Indeed, Just as frankjy as I
know how, the difficulty that has
been suggested, because I think, not
In the spirit of criticism, but In a
spirit' ot Intended fairness, that not
ono of the qualifications which has
been suggested tn this discussion Is
Justified by tho language of the In
strument It Is provided that any member
state may .withdraw from the
lenguo upon two years' notice, pro
vided that at the time of withdrawal
It has fulfilled i'ta national obliga
tions and the obligations under the
covenant, and gentlemen object that
It la not said who shall determine
whether it, has fulfilled Its Interna
tional obligations and Its obligations
under the covenant or not.
Having sattat-the table where the
Instrument was drawn, I know that
that was not dons accidentally, because
that Is a matter upon which no na
tion can elt In Judgment upon
another. That Is left to the con
sciences and to the Independent de
termination of tho nation that Is
withdrawing, And there Is only one
Jury that It need fear and that is tho
great 'embodied Jury expressing the
opinions ot mankind.
There U one part of the covenant
the principal part of It where it
speaks of arbitration anoj where It
provides that any member State fail
ing to keep these covenants these
particular covenants shall bo ro-
garded as thereby Ipso facto to have
committed an act of war against the
other members. The way It origi
nally read was; "Shall thereby Ipso
facto be deemed at war with tho
other nations," And I said; . "No,
I cannot' agree to that That provi
sion would put the United Slates
at' war without the consent of the
Congress of the United States. And
I have no right In thjs part of the
covenant or any other, to consent
to Jn provision which would deprive
the Congress of the United States of
Its free choice whether jA makes
war or not"
At every point In tho covenant
where It was necessary to do so I
Insisted upon language which would
leave the Congress of the United
States free.
I had finished about Artlclo X.
You will say it Is all. very well, what
you say about the word of the United
States being necessary, provided the
United States la not one of thepartlos
to the dispute. In that case it cannot
voto. That Is very true. But In that
case It has got tho fight on Its hands
anyhow. Because If It Is one ot the
parties to the dispute the war belongs
to it 11 does not have to 'go Into It.
Therefore It cannot be forced by thu
voto Into the war. The only thing
tho vote can do Is to force It out ot
the war.
And I want to ask you to think
what It means when It is suggested
that the United States may be a
party. A party to whatT A party
to seize somebody elso's property?
A party to infringe some other
country's political Independence?
Is any ono willing to stand on this
platform -nd say that the United
States Is likely to do either ot these
things? 1 challenge any man to
stand before on American audience
and say that Is the danger.
Ah, but some ono. may seek to
seize our territory, Impair our polit
ical Independence. Well, who?
Who has on arm long enough?
who has the auductty. great enough
to try to take a single inch ot Amer
ican territory, to seek to Interfere
for one moment with the political
Independence of the United States?
These gentlemen aro dreaming ot
things that can't happen, And I
cannot bring myself to feel uneasy
about things that I know are not so.
The great difficulty In this discus
sion as tn many others Is the num
ber ot things that men know are
not so.
Domination of Britain.
Thero Is another matter; I havo
forgotten who It wns that snld It
but I wouldn't mention his namo If
I remembered It, that this covenant
was on arrangement 'for the domi
nance of Great Britain. They base
that upon the fact that In tho as
sembly of tho council, six units of
the British Empire nro represented,
whereas tho United States is repre
sented as only one unit. Allku In
tha asembly and tho counoll, the
vote of tho United States is an ab
solute veto. We can always veto,
always offset with one voto the
British rfix votes. I must say that
I look with perfect philosophy upon
tha difference In number.
The Justification for tho reproMintu
. tlon ot more than one part of the!
British Empire was that tho BrltUh
Empire U made up of seml-lndeaend-ent
pieces, ns no other empire In the
world is. You know how Canada, for
example, passes her own tariff laws,
does what she pleases to Inconven
ience the trude of the mother coun
try. Tho only thing that seems to mo
weak about the league Is that a
unanimous vote will sometimes be
very difficult to get, and the danger
Is not action but Inaction. The dan- .
irer is not that they will do some
thing that wojdo not like, but that
upon some critical occasion they
won't do anything.
Read Article X. again and read
Article IL
Artlclo II. makes It the right of
nny member of tho league, however
weak and small, to call attention to
anything anywhere that is likely to
dlwturb the peace of the world and
draw It Into debate, draw It Into the
open, draw It whero everybody can
know the facts, and talk about It. it
is tho only time, my fellow country--men,
In the history of the world
where the weak and oppressed and
restive peoples have been given a
hearing.
The League of Nations makes every
secret agreement of overy kind In
valid. 8afejrnnrd Oppressed.
In every direction the safeguards
of this' treaty Are thrown around
those whp are oppressed.
I leave the verdict with you, nnd I
beg, my fellow citizens, my Repub
lican 'follow citizens, that you will
not allow yourselves for the moment,
as I do not allow myself for one
moment, as God knows my con
science, to think of 1920 when think
ing about the redemption of the
world.
My present point Is to dissociate
tho League of Nations from the pres
ent speaker, I did not originate it, It
Is not my handiwork. It has originated
out of the consciences and thought
of men who wanted Justice and pence
for generations. , And my relation to
It Is Just what my relation ought to
be to every publlo question the re
lationship which a man bears to his
fellow citizens when he tries to in
terpret their thought and their con
sciences. That is what I conceive
to be my part In the League of Na
tions. I admit the distinguished history
of the Republican party. I do ad
mit that It has been tho creator
of groat constructive policies and I
Hhould bo very sorry to seel It lose
tho prestige which it has earned by
such policies. I should be very sorry
to havo any man feel that thero Is
any embarrassment In supporting a
great world policy because he be
longed to a great constructive party,
and that party as American party,
a party of that pcoplo which has
done the most advanced thing In the
world and that people which, God
helping It, will lead and save the
world.
CANADA HAS RATIFIED
TREATY AND LEAGUE
Reservation Concerning Au
tonomy Is Defeated.
Ottawa, Sept. 12. Tho House of Com-
mons assented without reservation to-day
io mo treaty o: peaco with Germany.
Both houses of Parliament now have
ratified tho treaty, and notification to
this effect was forwarded Immediately to
tho British Government Tho solo amend.
ment. offered by W, 8. Fielding, who
was Minister, of Finance In the Laurlor
uovernment, was aoieatca by 102 votes
to 70.
When approval of nil the overseas
parliaments has been received Great
Britain 111 depf-it fnpM rttiCttttlcn
at raris.
The Canadian House adopted the Gov
ernment motion to approve the treaty
after a'four dnys' debate. Tho Vloldlng
amendment solely concerned Canadian
autonomy, reudlnl that, In giving ap
proval, tho House"ln no way assents to
any Impairment of tho existing autono
mous authority Of the Pomlnlon, but de.
clnrcs that tho question of what part, if
any, the forces of Canada shall take In
any war, actual or threatened, Is one to
bo dstrrmlnid at All times an occasion
may require by the people of Canada
through their representatives In Part
UameruV
REVEALS TO SENATE
SECRETS OF LEAGUE
Continued ron First Page
committee Immediately asked that It be
put In the Record, which, was done.
I Orlulnnl -Wilson Draft.
When the Cecil plan had been read Mr.
Bullitt produced the original league plan
of the President written on his own type
writer. (The document had been pre
sented toAhlm by Col. House with the
Inscription :
For W. c. Jiuiiitt, in .appreciation of
your help In an hour of need.
"E. M. House, January, 10, 1919."
It was presented January 10 as a basis
of dlsrusslon with tho British 'and French
Premiers. Article III. of this draft cor
responded with Article X. of the treaty
now beforo the senate, it reads as fol
lows t
The contracting Powers unite in
guaranteeing to each other political In
dependence and territorial Integrity ; but
it is understood between them that such
territorial readjustments, it any, as may
In the future becomo necessary by rea
son of changes In present racial condi
tions and aspirations of present social
and political relationships pursuant to
tho principle of solt-detsrmlnatlon, and
also such territorial readjustments as
may tn tho Judgment ot three-fourths ot
the delegates be demanded by the wel
fare and manifest Interest ot the peoples
concerned, may be effected If agreeable
to those peoples, and that territorial
changes may in equity Involve material
compensation. The contracting Powers
accept without reservation the principle
tnat the peace of the world is superior
to every question of political Jurisdiction
or liniinrlarv."
The Wilton article after providing for
financial, economic and all other re
sources against a Power refusing to ar-
bltrato, gave the executive council of
tho league fulf power to say what mili
tary forces each nation should contribute
without and reference to the power of
Congress over such matters, the lan.
guage rending:
"It shall bo the privilege and duty of
the executive' council of the body of dele
gates to recommend what cfteotlte mili
tary or naval force the members of the
Leaguo ot Nations shall severally con
tribute, and to advize, If It should think
best, that tho smaller members of the
league be excused from making any
contribution to the armed forces to be
used against the covenant breaking
States."
The original Wilson drnft carried no
provision for withdrawal from tbe league,
and was silent also on the Monroe Doc
trine and on the retention by the United
State of exclusive Jurisdiction over do
mestic Issues, such as the tariff, im
migration, Ac.
The issue of secret treaties, of which
tho President has complained In his ef
forts to chow why he had to assent to
the Shantung' settlement, was covered
In tho original Wilson draft the Presi
dent's Article XIII. providing for tho
abrogation or at least for the attempted
cancellation of secret treaties in con
flict with tho league principles. The
President wns unable to carry that point.
His draft provided:
Opposed by Lawyers.
Mr. Bullitt explalneo that after the
draft of this plan was prepared It Was
submitted to David Hunter Miller and
Gordon Auchlncloss, the International
law experts with the American Com
mission, for their suggestions and comJ
ment Mr. Auchlncloss Is Col. Houses
son-in-law. The report which they
made on tho document was also pro
duced by Mr. Bullitt It follows:
"Such an agreement would destroy
the Monroe Doctrine. Under such on
agreement Germany, as well as the
United States, tnhd even despito the
United States, .would have been bound
to support Venezuela against Great
Britain In 189t. Under such an agree
ment Great Britain, France and Japan
might be bound to intervene in Chile
or in Peru according to their views of
the Tocna-Arica dispute In addition to
Intervention by the United States.
"Indeed any guarantee of independ
ence and Integrity means war by the
guarantor If a breach of the Independ
ence or or Integrity of the guaranteed
estate Is attempted and persisted In.
"What the United States has dono Is
doing and will do .for Europe is enough
without making an unasked sacrifice of
her interests and those of Latin America
by giving up a policy which has pre
vented the countries south of the Rio
Grande from being like Africa, pawns
in the diplomacy ot Europe.
"That each Power should covenant for
Itself to respect the Integrity and In
dependence of every other Power In the
Leaguo of Nations and that fatlur t)
observe such a covenant should subjeot
tho covenant breaking Power to the
sanctions of tho League of Nations, Is
undoubted: That policy looks toward
the peace ot the world and accords wltn
the spirit of a community of natloni.
But the general policy of a guaranty
against the acts of other states lookj
toward Intervention and war by one or
more of trie guarantors and Is In accord
only with the spirit of the old diplomacy.
"That the future attitude of the
United States and Its policy and that of
Latin America should not be left to In
ference but bo beyond doubt or ques.ton,
the constitution ot the League of Nations
should contain an express recognition of
the Monroe Doctrine. Such an express
recognition Is suggested In the words of
President Monroe substituting only the
wor 'European' for 'extrinsic,' "
Messrs. Miller and Auchlncloss sug.
gested this language as a substitute for
Article III. or Article X. as It appears
In the final draft:
"Each contracting power severally
covenants end guarantees that It will
not violate the territorial Integrity or
Impair the political Independence of any
other contracting power,
"Tho contracting powers recognize as
a binding principle that the American
continents by the free and Independent
condition which they have assumed and
maintain, are henceforth not to be con.
sldered as subjects for future coloniza
tion by any extrinsic powers.
Wilson Opposed Assembly,
Senator Knox Do you know tho at
tltude which the President took In regard
to this suggestion to have an assembly
representing the representative bodies
of the various countries?
Mr. Bullitt The President expressed
himself as heartily In sympathy with the
Idea, but as unable to believe It prao-
tlcal. Gen, Bmute urged It very strongly.
Col. House approved It. Lord Robert
Cecil had proposed something of the
sort In his original proposition, but was
apathetic. The President was opposed
to (t. Later the matter was brought up
again when Lord Robert Cecil, Gen.
Smuts and Col. House all favored It all
favored tho Inclusion of a representative
body when tho President opposed It
and, ot course, defeated It
Senator Knox Did that feature ap
pear in any of these drafts at all?
, Mr. Bullitt it did not. it was brougnt
I up, but there was umrely dl3U6l6n Of
It Thorn wii n. lfLrirn bnnv nf nnlnfnnJ
that the league was to be abls to cope Asked about Ireland, Mr. Bullitt said:
with International war and to really 1 "I do pot believe the Irish question
create International understanding and was ver brought, up "(ore tho con
cooperation; It must have somo more I ference or discussed. There was con
popular baslB of representation, Of slderable said on the wlflo attompts to
course, at that time still the proposal let down the Walsh mission easily wlth
for representation In the leaguo was the' out antagonizing the Irish voto in thie
original proposal or tne I'restaent, mat
..... Dv.ni,M l. ku m.
xadors or Ministers of the Powers com
posing the league, accredited to the capi
tal where the league was to have Its seat.
It was only rejected at tho last mo
ment before the league was finally pre
sented In open session. On February 11
tho President read the draft of the league
In open session first I have a memor-
endum for Col, House to the effect that
on February 9 the provision was still in,
that representation should be by the
Ambassadors or Ministers of the high
contracting Powers, and Col. House had
askia me to propose an amendment to
this article; and to I sent tn this memor
andum (reading) "Omit the words the
Ambassadors or Ministers of the high
contracting-parties at ,' aro
This clause then would read; "Meet--
Inirfl of the body of delegates shall be
held at the seat of the league or at such
other place as may be found convenient
slnd shall consist of representatives
specially appointed for this purpose."
Senator Knox Up to that time an or
the project had contemplated the differ
ent countries being represented by their
diplomatic agents?
Mr. Bullitt: The President had insisted
on It repeatedly. The British had been
very much opposed to It and I founa
that the feeling against this was very
great anal had called attention to thtl
to Col. House. TheMdea was to have
representation from the various coun
tries to represent the native, political
parties In the States which mado up
tho league, in order that there might
be a' popular representation represen
tation ot tne congresses ut mo imuim
.It? tho league. I 'don't know the posi
tions or uiemenceau nna i.ioya ueorse,
but Col. House, Lord Robert Cecil and
Gen. .Smuts were In favor of It. They
were the members of the commission
from England and the United States.
Senator Knox: The President seems
to have lost out then on tho proposition
that the countries should be represented
In the League of Nations by their dlplo
matlo officers? What do you regard ai
tho President's greatest conrtlbutlon to
this covenant?
Mr, Bullitt: So far as I know In the
final form of the league the only pro
posal of the President was remained
more or less Intact Is Article X. (
Proposal From Soviet.
Mr. Bullitt was ordered to Russia on
February 18 by Secretary Lansing to
study and report on conditions. Before
that W. II. Buckler: attached to the
American Embassy In London, had been
tsnt to Stockholm and conferred with
Lltvlnoff. The latter had been Soviet
Ambassador in London, ana ne suo
mtttftd nronosals. which, being communi
cated to the President ho considered so
Important that he read them to tne
rn, mMl of Ten. The Buckler reports de
cided the Council of Ten to propose the
PrlnkiDO conference, wnicn previously
had been favored by Lloyd George.
Tho text of tho projectea peace pro
r,nanl obtained bv Mr. Bullitt from the
Soviet Government also was put In the
Record,
Tho terms wero very cioso to
agreement with those which the Brit
ish Government had suggested before
Mr. Bullitt loft for Petrograd. It was
shown by a memorandum ot the British
terms, which was sent to Mr. HUiiitt Dy
Phillip Kerr, secretary to Premier Llyod
Georgo, Just before r. uuuitts aepa
turo for Petrograd.
In substance Mr. Korr'a suggestion
was that hostilities should ceaso at
once; de facto Governments remain In
control of occupied territories; railways
and ports to be open; allied subjects
to havo free passage to and from Rus
sia; general political amnesty on both
nldei ; complete restoration of trade re
lations betweon Russia and the outsldo
world ; questions connected wtth Russia's
debt to b considered Independently
nfter peace; allied troops to bo with
drawn from Russia as Russian armies
are demobilized and their arms sur
rendered or destroyed.
(Mr. Bullitt next took up the proposal
which he submitted to Col. House that
the American troops Bhould be with
drawn from Archangel. This was pro
posed In a memorandum which he de
livered to the Colonel January 30, It
Also was put Into tho Record.
Lansing's Treaty Objections.
Returning to the treaty Mr.. Lodge
said ; "Did any member of our delega
tion express to you any opinions nbout
the general character of this treaty?"
"Mr. Lansing. Col. House, Gen. Bliss
and Mr. White had all expressed to me
very vigorously their opinions on the
subject"
"Were they enthusiastically In favor
of itr
"I regret to say not. It Is no Becret
that Mr. Lansing and Gen. Bliss and
Mr. Henry "White' objected very vigor
ously to tho numerous provisions of
the treaty. I do not think Secretary
Lansing la at all enthusiastic about the
League of Nations as it stands at pres
ent I have a note of a conversation
with him on May 19.
"The Secretary Bent for me. It was
a long conversation and Mr. Lansing In
the course ef It said that he personally
would have strengthened greatly the
Judicial clauses of 'the League of Na
tions covenant making arbitration com
pulsory. He also said that he was
absolutely opposed to the United States
taking a mandate in either Armenia or
Constantinople. That he thought that
Constantinople should be placed under a
local government the chief members of
which were appointed by an International
committee. Mr, Lansing then said that
he too considered many parts of the
treaty thoroughly bad, particularly those
dealing with Shantung and the League
of Nations. He said: .
44 'I consider the League of NalIolistat
present Is entirely useless. The groat
Powers havo Blmply gone ahead and ar.
ranged the world to suit themselves.
England and France In particular havo
got out of tho treaty everything that
they wanted, and the League of Nations
can do nothing to alter any of tho un
just clauses of the treaty except by
unanimous consent of the members of
the league, and the great Powers will
never give their consent to changes In
the Interests of weaksr peoples.' "
Prediction of Ita Defeat.
"Wo then talked about the possibility
of ratification by the Senate. Mr,
Lansln said : 'I believe that If the
Senate could only understand what this
treaty means and If tho American peo
ple could really understand It would
unquestionably be defeated, but I
wonder 'If they will ever understand
what It lets them In for,' He expressed
th opinion that Mr, Knox would prob
ably really understand the treaty ana
that Mr. Lodge would; but that Mr.
Lodge's position would becomo purely
political, and therefore Ineffective. ll
thought that Mr, Knox might Instruct
America In the real meaning of It."
"Do you know whether the other na
tions were anxious to have Article X.
in the covenant for the league?'' asked
Senator Brandegee.
"The French were not only anxious
I 'or t believe were anxious to
I greatly strengthen It," replied Mr. Bui.
lltt "They desired immediately a league
army to be stationed In Alsace-Lorraine
along the Rhine In addition to Artlclo
X."
The committee was much Impressed
vtth one gllmpso of the touch and go
methods of getting business done in the
Peace Conference. Sir William Wise
man "a sort of extraconftdentlal for
elgn office for Lloyd George and Bat
four," Mr. Bullitt railed htm was de
tailed to and did procure American ns-
zent to the British nwumptlon of pro-
lClorule ovol' i !".
couniry.- i mm uw i mo omy roiv
' cilflnrnttnn that Trplnnri1 rprplviwl."
slderatton that Ireland received.'
Why nullllt Ileslsned.
Mr. Bullitt resigned his position with
the State Department on May IT after
his mission to Russia had proved utter'y
fruitless. He-was not able to make, any
report to ths President, who ""j'i.I'Sj
see him. pleading that his "slngls traclt
that he had a headache," Thereupon Mr.
Bullitt, who believed that the.basla for a
composition of the whole Russian situa
tion had been reached and that a settle
ment was being sacrificed, wrote his
resignation. He saldt
"Mr Dear Mb. PitMiurrrr: I have
submitted to-day to the Secretary
Btate my resignation as an assistant in
the Department of State, attached to
the American mission to negotiate peace.
I was one of the million who trusted
confidently nnd Implicitly In your leader
ship and believed you would tako nothing
less than 'a permanent peace' based
upon 'unselfish and unbiased justice.'
But our Government has consented now
to deliver tha sufferlrvar neoples of the
world to new oppressions, subjections
and dismemberments a new century or.
war. And I can convince myself no
longer that effective labor for 'a new
world order Is possible as a servant of
this Government.
"Russia, "the acid test of good will for
me as for .you, has not even been unr-
stood. Unjust decisions of the conference
In regard to Shantung, the Tyrol, Thrace,
Hungary, Bast Prussia, Danzig, the
Saar Valley, and tne aDariaonmeni ot
tho principle of tho freedom of the seast
mako new International conflicts certain.
It Is my conviction that the present
League of Nations will be powerless to
prevent theso wars nnd that the United
States will b Involved In them by the
obligations undertaken In the covenant
of the league and In the special under
standing with France. Therefore tne
duty of the Government of the United
States to Its own people and to man
kind Is to refuse to sign or ratify this
unjust treaty, to refusa to guarantee
Its settlements by entering the League
of Nations, to refuse to entangle the
United States further by the understand
ing with Franco.
"That you personally opposed most
of tho unjust settlements and that yuo
accepted them only under great pres
sure Is well known. Nevertheless It Is
my conviction that If you had made your
fight In the open Instead of behind
closed doors you would have carried
with you the public opinion of the world,
which was yours; you would havo been
able to resist the pressure and might
have established tho "new International
order based upon broad and universal
principles of right and Justice of whlen.
you used to speak. I am sorry that
you did not fight to the finish and that
you had so little faith In the millions
ot men like myself in evory nation who
had faith in you."
END ALL DISORDER,
IS WILSON'S EDICT
Contlnutd from First Pagt,
there Is going to be universal dis
order, as thers Is now universal un
rest And If the order of Europe Is up
set, do you think America Is going
to be quiet? Have you not been
reading In the papers of the lntoler
nbld thing that has Just happened In
Boston? When the. police of a groat
city walk out and leave that city
to be looted they have committed an
Intolerable crime against civilization.
And it that spirit Is going to pre
vail, where Is your programme?
How can you carry a programme
out when every man Is looking out
for hla own selfish Interests and re
fuses to be bound by any law that
regards the interests of the other?
There will be no reform In this
world for a generation If the condi
tions of tho world are not now
brought to settled order. And they
cannot be brought to settled order
without the cooperation of America.
I can tell you that tho only people
they depend upon to bring tho world
to fettled conditions are the Amei
lean people.
I send that challenge out to the
conscience of every man In America
that. If he knows anything of the
conditions of the world, and really
lovea Justice, and purposes Just re
form, ho must support the treaty
with Germany.
I do not want to say that and have
It proved by tragedy. For Jf this
treaty should be rejected, It It Bhould
be Impaired, then amidst the tragedy
of tho things that would follow, every
man. would be converted to tho things
that I am now uttering.
America Needs 3Iany Iteforras.
There aro a great many things
needing to be reformed In America.
We are In danger at this present mo
ment of minorities trying to control
our affairs.
If jou think that you can afford
to live In a chaotic world, then speak
words of encouragement to the men
who are opposing this treaty: but If
you want to have your own fortunes
held steady, if you want to keep your
own boys nt home after this terrible
exporlence, you will see that boys
elsewhere are kept at hlme.
Becauso America Is not going to
refuse, when the other catastrophe
comes, again to attempt to save the
world. We went into this war prom
ising every loving heart In this coun
try who had parted with a beloved
youngster that wo were going to
fight a war which would mako that
sacrifice unnecessary again.
If the Senate of the United States
passes a resolution of ratification and
says that It ratifies on condition that
so and so and so would be under
stood, that will have to be resub
mitted to every signatory of tho
treaty, and what gravels me Is that
It will have tp be submitted to the
German Assembly nt Weimar. And
that goes against my digestion. Wo
cannot honorably put anything In
that treaty which Germany lias rati
fied without Germany's consent
Thero Isn't any phrase in the cove
nant of tho League nf Nations that
can legitimately be said to be of
doubtful meaning, but It the Congress
of the United States wants to state
the meaning over strain In other
words and say to the other nations
of Uie world, "We understand the
treaty to mean what Is," I think that
Is a work of supererogation, but I do
not see any moral objection to It.
APPEAL TO WILSON
AGAIN ABOUT FIUME
Peace Conferees Seek His Ap
proval of Settlement Plan.
By a Staff Corrtipondint of Tut Hpk,
OcpvrioM, lilt, all rights rttenii.
Paris, Sept. 1J. Another conference
will be held heTO among Premiers Lloyd
George and Clemenceau and Slgnof
'fittonl, Foreign Minister of Italy, In re
gard to Flume. In this connection It Is
said that Lloyd George already has
cabled to President Wilson urging htm
to approve' one ot tha two suggested
settlements.
' The original Idea ot Clemenceau,
Lloyd George and Tlttont of addressing
a note to the President was abandoned
at Lloyd aeorgo's request It was then
decided that the British Premier should
take up the matter with the President,
v The Italians believe Lloyd George al
ready has the President's reply, and
that this will be dlsoussed at the con
ference. hare,
A
TOKIO PAPERS HELP
FOSTER P. S. HATRED
Eoportcd Thousnnds Slain in
Hnco Rioting of "Whites
Against tho Blacks.
GERMANS TO SEEK TRADE
l
Y. 31. C. A. Secretary Snys onr
Soldiers in Siberia Weil
Russian Girls.
The Japanese newspapers exrtirtt
the reports of the Chicago and Wuhinr.
ton race riots to such an extent that
Herbert Griffin, who has Just rclurnid
from a year and a half In Siberia tat
Japan where ho was a Y 'M c a
secretary with the American nxedition
ary Forces, said yesterday that he ct.
pected tp find those cities In athci
One report that Is credited throutW
Japan, was that over 100,000 whltci sni
blacks had fought pitched bittlcs 'n u,
streets of Chicago and thousands h.5
been slain. Mr. Griffin said th! t,
propaganda fostered by the Japanm
Government to make tho people bellrrt
imhi. Aiiicriua u persecuting tne blicJt
race.
There Is u Btrong feeling of unfrieM.
linens to this miuntrv in Tn... ...
Griffin said, and the papers are print
Ing false and exaggerated Hccounts ot
conditions hero In order to discredit thi
United States.
Orminn Tnflncnce Dead In Jnpia,
Germsn Influence In Japan li dead
according to Mr. GrltTln, but in parts ot
Asiatic Russia ho visited it is still stnynr
and he predicted that Oermany would
again control Russian trade whfn t.
peace treaty releases her commerce,
Articles of Oerman manufacture tn
abundant In the Far liist German;
before the war undersold Japan In hir
own field, Mr. Orlffln said, and he
pectj to see these conditions return.
Tho 7,000 American troops which hitt
now be" In Siberia for nbout clchtets
months havo only one thought when
will they como home. They nre (suanluij
allied property with English tmd French
soldiers and outside of a few minor
brushes with Isolated bands of UiUht
vlkl they have had nothing to fcre!c th
monotony of picket duty.
In Vladivostok half tho srirls talk
English now, Mr. Grltlln said. Thr
have picked It up from the American
and British soldiers, who fraternize with
the Russian girls as readily as they dll
with the French. Somo of them hiti
rrnrrled Russians.
Mr. Griffin operntod a motion picture
outfit on the Siberian Railway It
set up on a freight car and he trae:tj
from Vladivostok to Omsk fhowlnf pl
tures where they never had been
before. Russian peasants stood In open
tntiuthod amazement before the screen.
Chinese Boycott Jnpancie.
In regard to Shantung, Mr. Criflln
believes the Jfipaneso aro elncre In their
promlfto to return It to China. There li
a well established boycott against Japan
In Shanghai, and the Chtneso merchant!
put up signs In their shops stating no
Japanese money will bo accepted
On tho day of tho armistice Mr Grlitln
was In Vladivostok. Thero was no cele
bration there, he said. The Russian at
titude was that tho war was over for
wmtern Europe but not for Russia.
Bolshevik ntrdcltles that for outdH
nny charged to the German army were
told by Mr. Grltlln. In one town near
Omsk tho Bolshevik! took the prisoners
out of the Jails and murdered every
second one. Their bodies were thrown
In a cellar nnd still lie there.
Cxecho-JSlav soldiers carry a grcnad
on their belts which thr-v use to cm)
their lives if necessary ratlirr than he
taken prisoners and tortured by h
Bolsheviki.
JAPAN NAMES AMBASSADOR.
Korelirn Affairs Vlee-Secretarr
Appointed to Washington-
' Washington, Sept. 12 ItiJuao Bin
dehara, vice-secretary of Foreign Affairs
of the Japanese Government has ken
formally gazetted aas Japanese Ambas
sador to the United Stntes, n. corillne to
embassy advices to-day.
He will succeed Viscount Klkularo
Ilshll, retired, and It Is understood his
post In the Foreign Olllcg will he fiU'-l
by Mnsnnao Ilnnlhurn, now Jutaiitte
Consul at San Francisco
G. A. R. COMES OUT
AGAINST LEAGVE
Voices Opposition to "En
tangling Alliances."
Columdus, Ohio, Hcnt lu i ' '
last day of ita annual encampment Mr
to-day, the Grand Army of n.. ni-imblu
went on record as oppored to thu Uague
of Nations In its present foi m, uicil io
maintain Its Idantlty so lonn as a oinrl
post cxWs, and electwl ' James D.
Ball of Tlrnnklvn nnimiu-indt-i h- uef.
Tho resolution opposing
tho League of Nations m
most unanimously alter pi.
, ,il 11' ' ot
, (i al-
bate and after votlnj iin -uiinuw
offered by Secretary Franklin r ote.
which sought sanction of u,i l"?11 11
a modified form. The origin-' I "solu
tion, whlolt was adopi.'l '- pie-'1'0"
by William A. Ketchum of 1- H'l'si1"
l'ust Judge Advocate of tl"
Efforts of Commander a-Uh." ' l"1"
vent tho subjeot of thu n.
coming up were unavailing
Ketohum'H rosolutlon om '
tho ground that It was t '
lltloal nature," orul that r i
organisation prohibited cms
political iuestloiu. II in ,'
overridden by tho ilolcitu'
The resolution dochvro.1 hu
tangling alliances wtth for.
tries,'' asserting that "e '
corned with tho Internal '
rrxie. A ale. or Africa." It "
Me l Jl'd
, i r
,. v !'
f lh
. ' nt ot
!
"Ol-enun-unl
, s of BU-
, ,.td tri s
country ''should not embnrli nu
policy that might oniiai.t;'-''' 1 ''
result in the surrender '
pendence," and endtl with n.
Uon:
"Wo protest agaumt l 1 -to
the covenant of n Iauk"
as the tame Is now pr, pi -to
tho treaty of peac-t "
Tho substitute rosoluti"'. '
Mr. Cole said; "Wo bell
of Nations will eventually ' '
versal peace. We slnrer iv
actment of a proper lew." '
reservations as nra not im-'
,m n
, 'V "r
, di
... ; ir-i-
, . .ii d
r 1 '
, d b'
in
jvone or tne omcea m ,i,
Legion showed up to '"""r. lu.
U, A, t. U11K.-IHI" ( ' .llll'
tlona with the Grund
mi't
! istl
Bolshevism and kindr. I " ' "
activities.
To Chrolf Motor Oir 1 1 ""
WASHINOTON, -Kept. ' ,H'
Judiciary Committer l":
tentative Dyer, Missouri 1 ,
bill making the ir,.i-
stolen automobile in in' '
subject to S,000 tine an '
prlsonment Concealmen'
car while In Interstate m
be subject to similar pun
s
j