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IBI 1? THE SUN, SATURPAY, JANUARY 17, 1920. s8 Pi WAR OF 'DEFENCE' AGAINST BOLSHEVIKI BAKER IN FAVOR OF U. S. AID TO POLAND London Snys Dofinito Meas ure's Contcmplnto.No Action Within luissin. ' GREAT FLEET GATHERS British Armada at Malta ns Reds Gain Mastery of Black Sea. Special Call ii Dupatch to Tni Serf. Copyright, 1020. all rights rturvtd. London, Jan. 1(1 The summoning of British army and navy heads to Paris marks the beginning of the new war against tho Bolshcvlkl, but It will be otrlotly a war of defenco from outside of tho Russian borders. .It Is learned from odlclal sources that England has received a demand from Persia for pro tection, and also from Georgia nnd Ar beldjan, two little Caucasus republics which have Just been rccognlicd. No doubt stops of tho most definite char acter win be decided upon In Paris. The first British battlo squadron as sembling at Mnlta In tho next few days Joins the Queen Elizabeth of Qalllpoll fame and her four sister super-dread-noughts with the Mediterranean fleet, Admiralty officials are careful to deny that thero Is any political significance In this, but It Is learned from tho For eign Ofllco that the greatest danger now foreseen results from the success of the Bolshevlkl on the Black Sea coast, enabling them to cross tho Black Sea toward Persia and avoid traversing tho Caspian Mountains. A Military Cordon. Tho need of a powerful fleet under such circumstances Is obvious. The presence of Lord Curzon In Paris makes It certain that this peril will recclvo at tention : ho Is the greatest of British ex perts on the Near East It It empha Fired here that while the new policy may demand more extensive military move merits than the old It conforms to the principle of hands off In Russia. It In volves a strong military cordon, possibly In Poland and the Baltic region. In order to prevent tho spread of Bol- siievisni. It Is explained ofllclally that recogni tion of Georgia and Arbeldjan and tho tending of a high commissioner, who ar rived In Tlflls recently, means the pro tection of the rntl- .olshevlks, which, coupled with Great Britain's traditional rotlcltatlon for Persia, affords ample grounds for moro extensive steps of a military and naval character, than la pos sible through any policy of actual Inter vention within Russia. Worried About India. Tho announced presenco of Chinese In the Bolshevik armies and the most re cent attack on the Letts are regarded Htt Blgniflcant of other Oriental results of tho Bolshevik successes. But what Kngland Is seriously worried about Is India and thla worry la expected to rouse national sentiment In favor of any drastic military and naval steps which Churchill, Long, Wilson and Beatty will settle In Paris with tho Premier. at is expected that Gen. Denlkino will mnko a hard fight for Odessa but It Is not believed that the Allies will do more than protect the' rear of his army from an attack by sea, which conforms to the policy of keeping strictly without the Russian borders, a policy which tho Gov ernment undoubtedly hopes will not alienate labor support at home. POLAND SECURE FOR TIME, EXPERT'S VIEW Denikine Still Patting Up Stubborn Resistance. Would Supply Arms but Not Men to Oppose Reds. Washington, Jan. 16. Tho situation caused by the continued victories of tho Bolshevlkl, the measure being consid ered in Paris o slop tho spread of ter rorism urid the part Poland may have to play evoked to-day this statement from Secretary .Baker : "In my Judgment, as long as the Polish Government a new nation, set up by the conference in Paris Is occu pying a defensive position assigned to It and Is living up to the convention by wnicn it came Into oxlstence It Is on i tlrely proper for the nations responsible tor us existence to lend It all possible uld. I should personally have no ob jection to the participation of the United Btates In aid of Poland as long as Poland continued to preserve the frontiers and the obligations Incurred In tho creation of the now Poland. As a matter of fact the United States s officially giving aid to Poland by lending Col. Alvln B. Barker to the Polish Government to Tielp In the direction of Its rallwasata Tho question of whetherTraoles havo given cause to tho Bolshevists to movo against them by occupying terri tory claimed as a part of Soviet Russia could not be answered by officials hero to-day. In standing personally In favor of ex tension of "aid" to Poland. Secretary Baker went beyond the point of economic assistance by means of furnishing food supplies and clothing to that of arms and ammunition, but not to that of the par ticipation of American troops. Com menting on the situation, Senator Lodge fcEld ho did not believe, the passage of the peace treaty would have any direct tearing, Russia was not a member of the league, he pointed out, and the Poles were famous for their fighting ability. Quite out of line with the fears of all antl-Bolshevlsts that the Russian ter rorists actually seek the worldwide rpread of the movement of destruction, Ludwlg C. A. K. Martens, the self-styled Bolshevist Ambassador, said: "Far from planning any attacks against' Its neighbors, Including tho new Slates formed out of tho former empire of Russia, tho Government of the Rus sian Soviet Republic without any reser vation recognizes the Independence of these States and wants to live in peace and friendship with them. Soviet Rus sia has not takon and does not contem plate any aggressive steps toward Po land or any other border States. "Allegations that the Russian Soviet Government, 'flushed by Its recent vic tories,' Is now becoming 'a military men nce' to the rest of Europe are wilful misrepresentations of the facts. The social and political principles of soviet Russia develop a diametrically different policy. Tho Russian Soviet Government Is ready to demobilize Its army as soon as attacks and threats against Its ter ritory cease. Soviet Russia Is willing to make peace at sacrifices not at all de termined by her present military and economic strength and readily offered because soviet Russia's foreign policy Is not an Imperialistic and aggressive one, but one which alms at real brother hood and cooperation between all countries." D.S. LEAVES SIBERIA OPEN TO JAPANESE State Department Gives Ont Note Which States Reasons for Withdrawal. JAPAN HAS FREE HAND America Finds Quelling of Reds Undertaking of Too "Indefinite Character." JAPAN MOVES TO RESTORE SHANTUNG Ready to Begin Negotiations With China. By the Associated Prtjs, Tokio, Jan. 15. Tho Japanese Gov ernment, according to the newspapers to day, sent Instructions last evening to Yuktchl Obata, the Minister to China, to notity tne l'eK n Government mat japan. having succee'ded to Germany's right's In Shantung on January 10 by virtue of tho treaty of peace, was ready now to negotiate at any time for their return. London, Jan. 16. Poland's situation as regards a possible Bolshevik military onslaught seems to bo fairly secure at present, In the opinion of military ex perts. There Is always danger of a concerted Red attack against the Poles, they point out, but there are no Indica tions of an Imminent menace. Most of tho Bolshevtkl's time and en ergy, on the southern front are being de voted to an effort to defeat Gen. Deni kine, who la fighting doggedly and ap parently Is still strong enough to give the enemy plenty of trouble. All of north Siberia, beginning at Tulun and all tho Lumsky district, Is occupied by Red forces and the Soviet Government exists everywhere In con Junction with the central Soviet, accord ing to Irkutsk advices forwarded from Moscow by wireless. In an editorial dealing with what It calls tho "Bolshevist menace" the OJobe rays: "It Is time tho people should rec ognize the peril with which civilization Is menaced. The Bolshevik army Is the strongest and most numerous In Europe. We must face the fact that Bolshevism by Its very nature cannot remain con fined to Russia, but must endeavor to I spread over tho whole civilized world. There Is no occasion for panic but an obvious need for vts and resolute U.tttnxnsnlp " llw Westminster Gazette asks If "the rw extension of war with the Bolshe vlkl which seems likely Is not a mere sequel of the British policy." "Given an end of that policy by our simple with drawal from tho European struggle." the newspaper asks, "would the Bolshe vlkl state dream of carrying on a new war of aggression In the East?" The newspaper says tho announcement of what amounts to a new war Is a negation of all hopes for the world's financial reconstruction. "If the Gov ernment," It adds, "expects the nation to acquiesce readily and quietly to such frustration of every hope for the speedy betterment of the world plight, they have dangerously miscalculated." "The Allies must decide quickly what tho activities against Bolshevism are to be In the next few weeks and days," savs the Evening Ifews In Its comment. "There is no use to talk without action. That Is not the way to deal with a situation which without guilt of panic must be watched with soma dread. Tho Bolshevists want to destroy the effi ciency oMhe League of Nations. What Is the L'eague's rcpl? The Council's deliberations havo a personal Interest for Britons and are of greater sig nificance than most of us realize nt the moment. What Is the Premier's policy now? The country cannot permit him to b too late." The Star say'a the semi-official state ment regarding Bolshevism Is "very ominous." "In plain English," the newspaper de clared, "the English coalition has failed and Is preparing to drag us Into vast new military adventures, Involving an Illimitable expenditure. We are paying the price of our stupidity In waging war against thi Soviet Government of Rus sia." r?he Star thinks the right policy would bo to use the League of Nations. "It Is necessary to keep our heads," It adds, "and take control of the madmen who are hustling and hurrying us Into wars the end 'of which no man can foresee. There must be an end of the humbug. The lvlnir hyrocrlsy and war propaganda niuit be stopped. Let us havo tho truth Instead of a nauseous stream of propa- Washington, Jan. 16. Any action by Japan toward the restoration of Shan tung to China at this time would be simply preparatory moves. It was said lo-day by officials here. Tho Germun Government has thirty days after for mal ratification of the peace treaty In which to turn over to Japan the docu ments'relatlng to former German pos FCBsions In China. Lacking these papers, ll was said. Japan did not know In de tail what German rights had been taken over when Tslng-tau was captured. It was regarded as probable, how ever, that the Japanese Government was making preliminary arrangements In order that negotiations with China for restoration of the province might be ex pedited when the documents wero received. Reports of Mntlny Unconflnncd. Paris, Jan. 16. Reports that French naval forces and troops at Toulon have mutinied have not been confirmed, and nothing relative to disorders there Is known at Marseilles. Special Despatch to Tn Sox. Washinoton, Jan. 16. A free hand to deal with the menace of Bolshevism In 'Asiatic Russia has been granted Japan by the United States Government, according to a formal annoncement of tho State Department to-day. Tills an nouncement took tho form of the official release for publication of a note handed the Japancso Government at Washing Ion In answer to a diplomatic Inquiry from that diplomat on Dccomber 8. Tho Stato Department during the In tervening weeks has been permitting the nubile mind to become prepared for tho 'nformUlon that the question of further lid to the forces combating the eastward rush of Bolshevism in Siberia had been leeldod In tho negative so far as the United States Is concerned. It has been announced that the Uriited States forces yet remaining In Siberia wero to be withdrawn colncldently with the with drawal ot the Czecho-Slovak forces. It has been Intimated that the United States would look with no disfavor on the replacement of these withdrawn forces by Japanese. The State Depart ment has reluctantly admitted that the j, replacements by Japanese might be any thing the Japanese chose to send, and has Indicated that In the prospective agreement with tho Toklo Gqvcrnment there would be no expression of the views of America as to tho size of the force the Japanese might despatch, and therefore It Is to-day perfectly feasible and, If desired by Papan, ready of ac complishment, that the sturdy, well trained and efficient Japanese army might ultimately be sent Into Siberia with the total extermination of Bol shevism as Its primary objective and tho ultimate Japanese assimilation of North--".stern Asia as Its possible consequence. Xoto la Made Politic. The note, which Is In reply to a com munication of tho Japanese Government t uttsmitted to the State Department Do cember 8, was made public to-night. Japan In Its communication Inquired whother the United States proposed fc maintain the status quo, or to proceed to entlro or partial withdrawal of Itn troops, or whether It was ready to send reenforeements In case of need. In replying tliat under existing cir cumstances It was deemed advisable to withdraw tho expeditionary force tlv United States asserts that recnforci mem would be impractical und lliul It maintain the status quo "might Inrolv- the Government of the United State In an undertaking of such Indeflnl'.i character as to be Inadvisable." Other aspects of the Siberian sltui tlon are set forth In the American not which follows: 'The Government of the United 8tatHs has given tho most careful considera tion to the subject matter of the com munication from the Japanese Govern ment, which wns read to the Secretary of State by the Japanese Ambassadoi on December 8, and which concerns the recent unfavorable development of the military situation with which Admlr l Kolchak's forces have been confronted and which proposes three alternative courses for the allied and associated Powers. Campaign Impracticable. "Tho Government of the United States agrees that for It to send a reenforce ment of sufficient strength and to act on th offensive in cooperation with the anti-Bolshevik forces Is impracticable. "Tlw Government of, the United States believes that for It to continue to par tlcbnt'i In guarding tho districts now under allied military protection Is also, under present conditions. Impracticable, for tho reason that an agreement to send reenforeements to such extent ns may bt required, with a view to maintain, the status quo, might Involve the Govern ment of tho United States In an under taking of such Indefinite character as to bo Inadvisable. The amount of reen forcement which might becomo necessarj for the execution of such an agrement might bo so great that the Government of he United States would not feel Justified In carrying It out. "Consideration has been given, there fore, to the alternative presented by the Government of Japan of entire or partial withdrawal. It will bo recalled that the purposes of the expedition as originally conceived by the United Btates and ex pressed In an aide memolre handed to the Japanese Ambassador at Washing . on ....... first tn heln tllO Czecho-Slovnk troops, which had during their retirement aiong ino " f". way been attacked by the Bolshevlkl and enemy pnooneri ui consolidate their forces and effect their repatriation by way or viouiyiw, m second, to steady nny efforts .at Beit- . -iofAnrA in which the government, ur i,-.v,-,-- .... , Russians themielves might bo willing to accept assistance ,..c,.,v "Not only are mo ;vfc"Y " . ' ........ruiitr Advancing Into troops nuw ouuwvom.m.. - eastern Siberia but an agreement has been effected between u of Great Britain and the United States " k.l. rnnl ration from p oviuing iur " - ... u. Vladivostok. American vessels. w II be gin to arrWe at that port IW.Wj and a contingent of more than 10 .000 . t. a n Via 1 mmeulfliC Jy embarked. It Is expected that evacuation wt proceea rapiaiy ,: v"" tvi. flrnt miroose for irom . . Which American soldiers wero sent to Siberia may bo regarded as occom- ""JI'Sl - . .ond nuroose. namely, the steadying of efforts at self- government or seil-aeiento v.. "" '' " . ,u. n,...i..i ia novernment ot tno United States Is Impressed with the po litical Instability nnd crave uncertainties of the present suuanon in c.io.i. bcrla, ai described In tho aide memolre presented by the Japaneso Ambassador December 8, and Is disposed to the view that further military effort to assist the R-issIans In the struggle toward self- - in ttin iirnRent situation lead to complications which would havo exactly tho opposite cneci, iiiuubui posrlbly the period of readjustment ami ! .n.. nn.i th United States In Ineffective nnd needless sacrifices. It Is felt accordingly to be unlikely that the second purpose for which American troops wero sent to Siberia will bo longer served by their presenco there. Purposes Novr ot End. it- hnn nt tlio- fart that the main purposes for which Amerl'-an triioct, wero scm io oiucm -v " t fhn i-nnttlilprntlon:. Set ill uiu, miu v " 7 , . forth In the communication of th) Jap anese Government ot Decemuer s, wnn.ii subsequent events In eastotn Slbetla nr,tUt,TiA th ."ta .rum men! of the United States has decldid to begin ot oncf. arrangements for ne concentra tion of tho American forifs nt Vladl- cslok, with a view to their emuarK- iHnn nnrl rtcnnrtllrfl Immi! lllti! V nlltX tho leaving of the first impirtan: con tingent of- Czecho-Slovak troops, that la to fay, about February t. "Careful consideration has also been given to the possibility or continuing, after tho departure of the American troops, the nsslstance of American rail way experts In the operation .of the Trans-Siberian and Chinese Eastern Railways. It will be recalled that It Is expressly stipulated In the plan for the supervision of these railways, which was submitted by the Japanese Ambas sador at Washington January 15, 1919. that the arrangement should cease upon the withdrawal of the foreign military forces from Siberia and that all foreign railway experts appointed under the ar rangement should then be recalled forth with. Tho experience of recent months In the operation of tho railways under conditions of unetablo civil authority and frequent local military Interfert cc furnishes a strong reason for abiding by the terms of the original agreement. Ar rangements will bo made accordingly for the withdrawal of the American rail way experts under the same conditions and simultaneously with the departure of tho American military forces. Dcclnlon I Itenrcttrd. "The Government of the United Ptatc desires tho Japaneso Government to know that It regrets the necessity for this decision, because It seems to mark the end, for tho time being at least, of a cooperate effort by Japan and the United States to assist tho Russian peo ple, which had of late begun to bear Im portant results and seemed to give prom ise for the future. The Government of the United States Is most ipneclatlve of the friendly spirit wrilch has animated the Government of Japan 'n this under taking and Is convinced 'hat the basis of understanding which has been estab lished will serve In the future to facili tate the common effort! of the two coun tries to deal with the problems which confront them In Siberia. The Govern ment of the United States does not In the least relinquish the deep Interest which It feels In the political and eco nomic fato of the people of Siberia nor Its purpose to cooperate with Japan in tho most frank and friendly way In all practical plans which may bo worked out for the political and economic re habilitation of that region. "It Is suggested that the Government of Japan may desire to communlcae to the other principal Allied and Associated Governments tho substance of the aide 1 memolre of December 8. This Govern-1 ment will likewise make known to them the substance of tho present communication. 'LEAGUE ORGANIZES; HOPES U. S. WILL JOIN Icon Bourgeois Ohosoli Chair man and Sir Eric Drnmmond General Secretary. SARRE QUESTION UP FIRST Delegates Express Wish Amer ica Will Tako Its Place Irish Send Protest. Paris, Jan. 16 The first meeting ot tho Council of tho League of Nations, held to-day, was attended by representa tives of France, Great Britain, Italy, Greece, Belgium, Spain, Japan and Brazil. Tho council organized by eloctlngLeon Bourgeois chairman and confirming tho cholco of Sir Erlo Drummond of Great Britain as general secretary. The first official act of tho council was the ap pointment of a commission to trace upon tho spot tho frontiers of tho territory of Sarre Basin. The council received the first formal . protest to bo presented to it almost be fore It camo Into being. It was rrom "tho envoys of the elected -government of the Irish Republic" against "tho un real English slmulacro of an Interna tional league of peace." No mention of the protest was made during the meeting of the council, but copies wero handed to tho newspaper correspondents after they left the For eign Office. The document was signed "Ouaklalgh Duffy." It reglstored objec tion to tho "pretended Leaguo of Na tions" and declared the league to be an "engine of empire, designed to secure , and perpetuate English hegemony , throughout both hemispheres." The pro-1 test Insisted that the league was Illusory and Incomplete, lacking authority and sanction, and declared that tho United States stands out "in indignation and repudiation" of It. All the members of tho council called for by the covenant of tho league, with tho exception of the representative of the United States, wero present when M. Bourgeois called tho meeting to order. Lloyd George Retire Harly. Besides M. Bourgeois tho. members were Earl Curzon, tho British Foreign Secretary for Great Britain; Premier Vcnlzelos. for Greeoc; Carlo Ferraris. Italian Minister of Industry, Commerce. Labor and Food, for Italy: Paul Hy mnns, tho Belgian Foreign Minister, for Belgium! Baron Natsul, Ambassador to France, for Japan : Dr. Gastoa do Cunha, Ambassador to Franco, for Brazil ; Count Quinones de Leon, Ambassador to France, for Spain. lYcmlcr Lloyd George of Great Brit ain and Viscount Grey ot Falloden, Brit ish Ambassador to the United States appeared at tho meeting at nn early stage. Mr. Lloyd George soon retired however. Viscount Grey remained and was Invited to a front seat. Leon Bourgeois, French representative in opening tho session, said In part: "The task of presiding at this meetln, nnd inaugurating this great International Institution should have fallen to Presi dent Wilson. We respect the reasons which still delay final decision by our friends In Washington, but express the hopo that their difficulties will soon bo overcome and that a representative of the great American republic will occupy the place awaiting him among us. Tho work of the council will then assure defi nite character and will havo that par ticular force which should be associated with our work. "January 16, 1920, wilt go .down In history as the dato of tho birth of it now world. Decisions to be reached to day will bo In tho name of all nntlonu adhering to the covenant of tho league. It will bo the first decree of all frea nations leaguing themselves togothor for tho first tlma In the world to substitute right for might. Rut the organization of tho Leaguo 'of Nations will not be complete until tho assembly of all the states meets." Earl Cureon, British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, said: "On behalf of the British Emplro I desiro to express the loyalty of my Government and tho external dominions of tho British crown to the spirit under lying the covenant of the League of Na tions. It Is our intention, oy every menns In our power, to Insuro Its prac tical efficiency. "Tho League of Nations Is an ex pression of tho universal declro for saner methods of regulating affairs of mankind, and provides machinery by whrcli practical effect may be given the principles of International friendship and good understanding. The success of the labor conference nt Washington Is a good augury for the future of tho League of Nations. "For tho first time nn attempt wns made to bring together under the aus pices of tho leaguo representatives of governments, employers and labor, and an advanco exceeding tho results of tho entlro work of the previous quarter of a century has been made In the field of International action .on Industrial questions." Slgnor Ferraris, on behalf of Italy, said his nation was glad to respond to tho Invitation "of tho President nnd tho groat American people" He mentioned tho scepticism amidst which the league was born and said this was a fact to be neither exaggerated nor Ignored. Slgnor Ferraris added that among tho dutlos of the leaguo would bo to gtve attention to tho high cost of transpor tation, tho high cost of living and the stato of International finance. Ambassador da Cunha, for Brazil, said his country would devote herself with fervor to tho work of peaco and fraternity among tho nations. He re ferred to tho fact that ho was tho only representative from America present, nnd said he was proud to havo tho honor of bringing assurances of tho co operation of Pan-America In the opera tion of the league. M. Bourgeois proposed London an .the placo for the next meeting of tho Coun cil, and this was approved. Lord Cur zon suggested leaving tho date and the order of business open, to be decided by tho chairman and tho secretary, since, he said. "It will be necessary to consult the United States on a great many questions likely to arise." inc. wuainy acrvico, lUrstd Bqnar. nritwtirur. Mtli Hth H. 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