The Cambria freeman. [volume], October 17, 1873, Image 1

About The Cambria freeman. [volume] (Ebensburg, Pa.) 1867-1938

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mmmmff- - u Bfr.nmvw
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. vicPiKE, Editor and Publisher.
1 HS 18 A FXEXlCAiT WHOM TEE TRUTH MAKES FBEI, AKD ALL ARE SLAVES BESIDE."
Terms, S2 per year, In advance
rQLUME
Til.
EBENSBtJRG, PA:, FRIDAY, OCTOBEIl 17, 1873.
NUMBER 33,
mm ,x m
x
Y M -" .
-rrTKV H! Aareata Waited. Cash 8al-
Vi -..nun allowed. Strictly honor-
Eli.s & Co.,Charlotte;Mlch.
-7yT HJS AIL! One Agent iti 4 weeks
i: 1. i.'n-ut ur 1-0, wiling Bryant's Li-
s" V tit, inH'id Suva; 70 In one week on
i u mhwu. Any live man or woman
teti ufiu-y. J- B-KOKI & CO., New
Wide A
ke Agents Waktid rOB
E H. Go3. Ji memoes Miflnwinin
TuttiMimuhu. Arctic IHnemerieg,
" '.. iri,;,: Fii-ri-(Liirl verv-
v''!iQii'n e' In and about the Ocean. Fully
y lid Hon ml in superior styles. Subject
" ilii'm; r.i "'"( fctio tfrni. Qcakcr
?LBU-Hi-,,i IIuffiK, I'biladelpbla, Pa.
CAriIIOITIIVE I
fM'i1' l'IM " uc nptr ivr life re-
i'llrti-- i'ai" t'heot, Bark, r Llmba,
l.slriinn, dlandnlar Swelliairii. Inflnm-
"rtlt-ia, Bonlons. Catarrh, Ae. Will
f '1Bf f t it i n the most delicate fabrlo,
I foiff ' a luxury in every family. Try
r imtDvinced of its great menu Price,
touU-. KEt'BEN HOYT, Propri-
f ,:..nwicn sr.. new r oric.
ASIU NGTON a&cSKde.
.1iANlKr) for a complete history of
Xitiooiil Cui'itul. Its origin, growth, ei
ik:es. abu-" .'. iejtutics and personag-es.
.1' nnrtravcu in iimi yniiiuij mj ib wuicu
jlml the author, UK.o. A LIT. TOWNSKND,
thfnr'uioi newspapei csrreeponaents
rifw?of W.ihiniton life and Gonirrefls-
.limn, it ifivs ooin, MHriunir. truiniui
an4 Lot.tvinif Jobbery, uooks ready for
JAMKS ii K I I s i Hartford. Conn.
fioll-?t nt!'l most reliable inetltntion for
k ninira MtTuantiie lAiucaiion. orclrcu-
niet'
1'. ui tt i suis. imsburg-h. Pa.
EOF. WISE'S BOOK!
noH.ll rilK Allt !" Forty years' ad
,in" in the c'.oiiJ.-. Complete history of
foiiii. onil how to make and manage them,
jiif Thrninii Interest and Hairbreadth Ea
. I.ileof Antfinr. The most iiiterrtiny
trritni'i i nii(n' nor issued. Profusely 11-ftr.-.l.
'SI'liKTo SELL BE1 OND PttECE-
fr.' AirfiiM'I'.nuld s'iid one dollar for out
H Hr.-v Tt-lA V PUULISHINT. CO,
iJi ipiiiH, New York, Boston, or Chicago.
ll l.Mi;i for the new book.
LIFE A XI) ADVEN'f UHES OF
IT CAHSON!
iiiu:r.il and frlenl. D. W. C Veteus,
Lifiit. Col. and Surjfeon, V. S. A., from
uiit-. i iy luiiiaeir. ibe only tkitr ana
ii' life of America's area test HL'NT-
U'l'EIt, SCOUT and GUIDE tier pub-
contains lull ana complete opscnp-
li i ixlutn Tribes of the FA It WEST.
V Kit Carson, who lived ainonir them
It irivesa full and reliable mcount
fllubOCSand the MODOC WAU. Asa
If IIISTORIT, it is invaluable. A frrand
"Hty for arents to make money. Our
l it. -l eirculurssent free to all applicants,
itnl sfcure territory at once.
Mi5,un-.MAfi co., iiartroru. uonn.
ICKY & GREAT EASTERN
RAILWAY COMPANY.
it cent Gold Bonds,
nvnlile ffbranryand Augunt In
In New York or ltnllliiwre. For
lint )Mt per rrnl.t muI nrrrnrd Inter-
-arivnoy; securea oy e irsi miyrxijfiae; ex-
1- to KHrmcra' l.onn and TraHl Co.
Hrk, covering1 Company's Line, Its
nw, Equipments. Kal and Personal
i at the rate of I5,M) per mile on the
leu. -in tin from UiKinnall to t-
imnc. 'he terminus Df Chesapeake and
i y',. I m miles.
trniiii nt. State, City, Railroad, or any
-wkrt;i!le sevurities, taken in exchange
it market rates, without rinnii
!! K. V K. HonilM forwarded free
rci.i ,iirclmor. ramplilrt, ,tl
lull intoruiatlon will be furnished on
lion to
WM. FISHER C SONS,
32 South St., HALT1JIURC
'. t"-k and Nte Brokers, and Fiscal
ut thf ( oinimnv: dealers in (lovern-
Hxilwav k'curitie8 in ail the mar-
te L'. S. : or to Banks and Bankers
aa:th- country.
Tl'II VP FT worth rxi, irlvfii pratlsto
j'iiii I UIjJj pyerv live man who will
Jraf.-nt. Business iiffbt and honorable.
J"ein.itl:ivs. Saleable as Hour. Krery-t-'it.
i hii i (li without it. Must have
the
ijiIi Knh i nrise. no liumbuir.
Kt.SN KDV A; CO., Pittsburjr, Pa.
ry ci
B"i V... we would only call attf ntion
t tr.l . A t ' 1 U with wkil'h
ii
tr-'.v
"o enni VS per day In Rrood territory.
' uiuittiT.anu oruinary wt'iuii iuc
llitt pt-rday. Farm, Township and
KyhM for Side. Descriptive book sent
9cr. poHtap-c. Address Al'GEK
Llll'. ! . t llnmrrf t- fY Wash.
c..Gfn;l A'ts for Pa., Va. S Mary'd.
ntO'
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M'.wnl He Hfnd a can vaxaimr book free
t. Addresd.fctatlnKexperieoue,
iuut'
, al I i BUHHixQ Co, Pbllad ajr"a.
,-cp:
FOR
COLDS, HOARSENESS,
to I
d all Throat Diseases,
s' Carbolic Tablets.
lt-b,,a SUllE HEM ED Y.
e
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MlU XAlHl.Mi XK, KEW I0BK.
,cte
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''iwwv,.',unf MeD' anJ Men autl Wo"
mt
y y
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circulars of the
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I.)
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M- LLOYD & en
hon.v,.?:Vs?ERa. ALTOONA. PA.
' ie 'r.SlE?1 cl"t aud SUver and
oi;Diit . " on tea re
on r "."e on onand without
on t.me with 1utreu at fair rates.
fronts. A'rint-tl.
,'" irn a first-class Bewing- Ma.
, 'u,,ut!Bot to stock a Library;
aiuable Pictures to beautify your
t sh(t n ."juiinj iinrrot jrvii
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1 1 .1
ft"" i
JVZ. WAD VEIt TISEMENTS.
BOOK AQG.VTH FOB "
UNDERGROUND!
LIFE IiEL,0 W THE S XJJRFA. CE.
' BY THOS. W. KNOX.
4i PsjtK OetKTOw IS Fins Engrarlafrsi
Relates Incidents and Accidents beyond the
Llg-ht of Day: Startlintr Adventures In all parts
of the World; Mines and Mode of WorJrinir
them: Caverns and their Mysteries'; Prisons
and their Secrets ; Down In the Depths of the
Boa, The book treats of experience with bri
gands; nights in opium dens ; life In prison ;
stories of exiles: adventutes amon? Iudians;
journeys throug-h sewers and tatacombs; acci
dents in mines ; tortures of the inquisition ;
wonderful burglaries; underworld of the great
cities, etc,, etc. We want agents for this work,
on which we give exclusive territory. For cir
culars and special terms to agents, address the
publishers, J. it. llUliii & CO.
AGENTS WANTED FOR
MATHER HALE SMITH'S NEW BOOK,
BULLS and BEARS of NE YORK.
Kcarly 600 Octavo rnut, Profusely lUwtrated.
I p You wish to know how Fortunes are Made
L and Lost in a day:how Shrewd Men are
If Ruined; how Stock Companies Originate
I I and Explode; how Panics are Create,!; how
Railroad Monopolies are Managed; how the pre
sent Great Panic Originated; how Stocks are
Bought and Bold ; bow Hubble Companies Ori
ginate read this book. It relates the biogra
phies of the great leading speculators of New
York, with a history of Wall Street and its op
erators during the past 2i0 years, to the prescut
time. For circulars and terms address tne
publishers, J. U BURR & CO.
SPORTINCWITH DEATH
OIL,
THE HUM0R1US SIDE OF MEDICAL PRACTICE.
IVUh an Ejrpoxe of Medical Humbug Qftackt
autl L'harliitatia of all AQt and Cvuntrieiii.
SOO ruges, 250 EXGIluL VINOS.
It ventilates Quacks, Im posters. Traveling
Doctors, Patent Medicine Venders, Noted Fe
malcheats. Fortune Tellcrsand Mediums, and
gives interesting accounts of Noted Physicians
and Narativesof their lives. It reveals start
ling secrets and instructs all how to avoid the
ills which flesh is heir to. We want agents in
every town and county to sell this book. For
circulars and terms address the publishers.
J. it. UCUtt ii CO.
GREAT INDUSTRIES
Of the United States.
1300 PAGES AND 600 ENO RATINGS, WRlTTKJf BY
SO EMI.VKXT AUTHOHS, JJICU'DINU JOHN
B. COUGH ANU HOllACK GttEELET.
Thiswork isacomplete history of all branch
es of Industry, processes of manufacture, etc..
in all ages, it is a complete encyclopedia or
arts aud manufactures, and is the most enter
taining and valuable work of information on
subjects of general interest ever offered to the
public. For circulars ana terms, aaarcss tne
publishers,
M'e nt-nl an Eltynnt German CJironio, mounted
and rendu for framing, free to exxru AgenU
J. 8. BURR & CO.,
HARTFORD, CONN., OR CHICAGO, ILL.
WAZZBtT COKCZSTO PABL0S OKGAKS
are the moat beaatllul in
style find perfect In tone
.--.J . VKUTU STOP u UK beat
'VjjNtsgL ver placed in juy
turn extra set of rtaU,
peculiarly -voiced.
lt vK KCTa of which
uITIOST CHAJRiTI-
1NO AND NULL
ST I II It I 0 ,0e
ITS IMITATION
of (Ac HUMAN
VOICE IS 811.
PEItll. lirwu liberal.
GREAT
OFFER. HORACE
WATERS & 80N.481
Imarlwnv. W. Y . trill dinmst of &OO PI AXIS
and OBAKS f ffirat-CI&sa makers, in
cluding A at extremely low
prices for cash, or part cash, and balance in
small monthly-jmrmenu. HewTOctave
first-class PIANOS, all modern im
provement, fitr 'Z7i cash. Orpam 5Oe
lave, 70. If6V1ILERF.ED ORGANS,
4 STOPS, HO; 8 STOPS, lUi. Illaa.
t rated Catalogrnes mailed. A large dit
couml toMinittm, C'hitrrha, 8undav-School, Tanpcranct
Oocietus, etc. , AtiE.VTS WANTED.
THE VICTOR SEWING MACHINE CO. want
reliable and energetic Agents in this Coun
ty. The "VICTOR" is a Lock-stitch, (shuttle
Machine, with Self-setting Needle, best finished
and most perfect Machine offered." An increase
of more than SttO per cent, on sales of layover
J37I. For Terms. Ac address,
VICTOR SEWING MACHINE CO.,
9-19.-ln.J VHn Chestnut St.. Philadelphia, Pa.
SHERIFF'S SALES. By virtue of
sundry writs of Vend, Krpon., issued out of
the Court of Common Pleas or Cambria coun
ty and to me directed, there will be exposed to
Public Sale, at the Ilurlbert House, in Johns-
town, on j
nexsu, al3 o'clock, p. the following real es-
AuVtbeVtght, title and Interest of Samuel
Rhodes, of, in and to three lots of ground situ
ate in Conemaugh borough, fronting ou K.dge
allev. adjoining lots of John Det'lin, frann
&nnd;M.yAnnCBrro..
in execution anu iu oc owiu -
Hubert. ,... , if,ct rf .1 M.
AIO, ail line rignw u .- i --.r -in
M CI u re, or, in anu k a n.v
Conemaugh borough, Cam
'.'""nXnna the
1 lOlniPaf lOl" 1)1 VM nun ia r- - - -
e-it .ndsouth, and lot of Thomas bw.rtm.n
on tho west, naving a ----M"
house, now iiiineiwuwuij "'
Taken In execution and to be sold at the suit
of Johnstown avmg? Rheriir.
Sheriff's OfBce, Ebeusburg, Sept. lb. J.
Orrirt Of IH1 PBOMCnOS MCTtJlt. I
Fikb Iksubanck Company or CambmaOi. V
Kbensuuhg, Sept. 28, lb.A. )
NOTICE is hereby given to the mem
bers of the above named Company that
an moment of 4 per cent, has been ordered
on all notes now in force, as per u2"n"J?
the Hoard of Directors, passed Sept.
and payable at their office on or before October
25th, la73. TW. VILH., bee J-.
Ebensourg, Sept. 30, 1HT3.-JI
IMPORTANT TO LUMliEKM.
FOR SALE CHEAP.-Two yokes Oxen,
9 year olds, warranted sound and healthy,
Truck Wagon, 1 iron axled four-wheeled
on, ,00 feet Lgg Chalnpjyorddress ,
Sept, 28. 1873--3t. Cresson. Pa. r
1 LOYD & CO., Rankers,
JLj ebensbubq. pa.
prOoia, 8ilver, Government Loans, and
other Securities, bought and sold." Interest al
lowed ou Time tiepotuts. Collections made at
all accessible points in the UnitedlStatcs, and a
general banking busiucss transacted.
. J-.tj lasim ii mail '
OVER THE DAM.
Yes, life ia swif t-rnnnin river,
7' And it's mighty hard stemmin' its tide,
But the boat glides so smoothly at startin'
That one feels jest like lettin' it glide.
Toa hear the wild, roar of the rapids
That below you now thunder and break, '
But you think you can easily puil back
When you see their white foam in ysur
wake.
Well, with me it was mighty smooth sailin'
Durin all of life's first summer hoursj
And the rivet' sang ever so sweetly,
And Its banks were so brilliant with fldw-
era !
w bile the bow that hung over the torrent .
Seem'd a halo that beckon'd me there,
And the white mist that rose from its waters
Quite conceal'd the black gulf of despair I
To be srire, i pass'd friends as T drifted,
Pullin up sturdily 'gin tho stream,"
But I laugh'd as I sdw how they labor'd,
While my boat dane'd aldhg like a dreamt
What matter'd which way it was glidin'?
If I sailed with it up, or sailed down?
Behind I saw only life's struggles, .
And before me was pleasure life's crown.
I say I pass'd friends pullin' up Btream(
And they warn'd rile of danger below;
But advice is so cheap that when given
It amounts to jest nothin, you know!
And exper'ence well, that's of some value,
But it ain't always wisdom it brings;
I've got it; you're right; 'tis a nettle,
And I pluck'd it at a cost of its stingsi
It's tough, lookin' up that bright river,
And seein where I might have turn'd
back;
To think that I took things so easy,
Lettin'. everything go to the wrack ;
But I'm here now, jest as yon find me,
And I'm well, you can see what I am;
I drifted, you know, with the current,
And, of course, I went over the dam!
JTA.PA.NESE L3TTER.
' The following letter was written by Rev.
Francis O'Shea, a priest of the Pittsburgh
diocese, and by him read iefore the ' Roz
Club," a iiterary association of the Smoky
City. The Rev. pent possesses a bright
intelleCtj a ready wit and a marvelous flu
ency of speech. That he is au able writer
and master of his subject will appear to the
most superficial reader of the letter. Next
week we will publish another aud more in
teresting letter from the pen of Rev: Father
O'Shea. It gives a very clear idea of the
machinery of the United States govern
ment. Washington, D. C, May 1, 1872.
To TTis Excellent IligJinesa, Bungs Kami)
Prime Minister of Japan.
Most great, most wise, aud most learned
Lord : Ih compliance with j'our instruc
tions, I write to you again to give you in
formation about this curious and interest
ing country, the United States of America.
The United States of America is in terri
tory much larger than Japan in fact, if
the maps be correct, it is as large as China;
but the population is not so dense. Al
though the Americans, as tliey call them
selves, arc nit) its similar in tbeir manners
to the Europeans than to the Asiatics, still
they are not so barbarous as I supposed
tbern to be before my visit to this country.
However, they have many eccentric traits
of character, which must appear very sin
gular when recounted in Japan, although
they appear to be natural enough to the
people here. Among these may be men
tioned that, with the exception of the sea
faring classes, none of them ever live on
troiitr tHtf.it- wrkrfinni or lrltps jaft tliov sir.
t. , . . w 7 J
mostly called, are never harnessed to the !
plow or sent to work on the roads. And I
am not exaggerating when I say that-, in !
public, they receive as much respect as
men even statesmen do. J
The women wear quantities of false hair
on their heads, and consider it an indis- '
pensable ornament, though it seems to me j
that if they would, in time, cultivate their
natural hair, it would become as profuse, '
and therefore more ornamental, especially I
if they would not destroy it by the execs- .
sive use of ungentsi Another peculiarity
Ot me Alncrioario its, t li a t oil their revolu
tions are effected without bloodshed, and
the Only revolution they have attempted
with bloodshed has been a signal failure. ;
Hence, although public men are often
ousted from office in this country, their
heads are rarely, if ever, taken oft": and I
am now able to inform you that the ac- j
counts triven by our first Embassy to this ,
country, about cutting off the heads of
public officials, was altogether a mistake.
In America, to cut off a person's headj
means merely to dismiss him from office
under government. "
There are many other singularities in
the national character of the Americans,
the account of which must be reserved for
another communication ; however, I deem
it proper to correct a mistaken impression
which our former Embassy to this country
carried home with them: namely, that
"rowdies" were a class of hereditary Man
darins or Princes in the great cities ot
America. There are classes of persons,
especially in these great cities, called
"rowdies," but they are not hereditary
Princes, although they have great power
and authority over the appointments and
conduct of tbe local magistrates. I con
fess mvself a little pazzled to clear this
matter up, but the above statements, al
though apparently irreconcilable, are sub
stantially correct.
There are various religions in America,
but I will not give an account of any of
them, as I intend to reserve the whole sub
ject for a distinct disquisition.
I will now attempt to give you some
idea of the government of this country, al
though, of course, you cannot expect that
I can exhaust the subject in one commu
nication. Tbe highest ruler of this country is not
styled Tycoon, as he is with us, although
a certain one of them was, a few years ago,
called the "Old Coou." There are things
in this country they call "coons," which a
philosopher told me were quadruped,
whatever he means by that. - I have been
since told that quadrupeds are beasts, but
as they don't worship either beasts or mag
istrates in this country, there is something
about the subject I am not able to explain.
Well, as I have said, tbe highest ruler
of this country is styled the President of
the United States of America. The title
is a very grand and magnificent one, and,
Amn.rd with the titles of European rul-
S l is verr beautiful and sublime-at least
in sound, i ne nue vi '""-"4
scriptive of supreme ruler, was first adopt
ed bv the American people of these parts,
but is now almost universal throughout
the Northern and Southern continents of
America: The circumstances that gave
rise to tbe adoption of this title are con
nected With the history of this country, as
well as with that of Great Britain, which
they used to" call the mother country be
cause she colonized America and held it in
that relationship for upwards of two Cen
turies; hence the language and to some
extent the laws of this country are the
same as those of Great Britain.. The
Americana even call their own language
tbe English language, because England is
the chief province of Great Britain. Now,
the title President was used in Great Brit
ain to designate a man who presided over
large assemblies and institutions; and,
when this country seceded from Great
Britain the supreme power of the country
was lodged in the hands of a great assem
bly and institution called the Continental
Congress; and hence, in accordance with
their traditional customs, the head man of
the Continental Congress was called the
President. Now, after the lapse of about
a dozen years, that system of government
was overturned by a bloodless revolution
(for, as I have said, in this country all suc
cessful revolutions here are bloodless)) and
a new system was established in its stead
which lasts until the present day aud
which, if the public orators are to be be
lieved, will last forever. However, the po
litical preaching and the political practice
of the Americans are quite different. They
are continually changing their constitu
tions and continually proclaiming them to
be perpetual, and this is another phase of
the American character which I am un
able to explaini
As I have said, the second system estab
lished continues yet. They still have a
Cougress, but its structure is different
from the old, or what they used to call the
Continental Congress. The present Con
gress is composed of two great councils,
which the vulgar people call tbe ' "two
Houses." Now, when the change was
made the office of President was retained
I say was retained, because under the old
system the President of the Congress per
formed some, though not all, of the func
tions performed by the President under
the new system and this especially in cor
responding with foreign natious, aud com
missioning public officers, and such like.
Under the old system he was styled the
President of the Congress of the United
States of America; under the new system
he is styled the President of the United
States of America. Hence you can see
that under the old system the title of the
President was grander than it is under the
hew system, because under tbe old system
his title contained two or three words more
than it does under the new system.
Under the new system the President
does not preside over Congress or any of
its councils, but his title originated in that
kind of a function. This I have already
described. The President has not as much
power as the Tycoon of our country, and
I don't pretend to be able to describe in
full the powers which he possesses. I will
merely describe them as far as I know
them. But, before I describe his powers
I must first inform you how he obtains his
high office.
Tbe office of the President of the United
States of America is not hereditary, and
lie does not hold his office during his whole
lifetime. The President is elected every
four years. At the same time there is also
elected a functionary called the Vice Presi
dent. The Vice President pici-ile& over
the superior council of Congress, and
hence, under the new system, the Vice
President shares with the President some
of the functions performed by the Presi
dent under the old system.
The President aud Vice President go
into office together and go out of office to
gether. And in case the President dies,
or is strangled, or drowned, the Vice
President succeeds to his place and also to
his title. They are both elected in ex
actly the same manner, and hence a de
scription ot the election of one will do for
both.
The President is elected by electors espe
cially chosen for the purpose. These elec
tors are themselves chosen by the people,
but T have been told that this arrangement
is liable to bo changed by eacn btate at
the option of its local rulers and a closer
description yoti probably would not be
able to understand. Now the President is
elected in this manner: About the com
mencement ef summer, every fourth year,
the wise and learned men of the various
parts of the country have various assem
blies ih the great cities, and they propose
various persons for the office of President; t
and then the people make a selectidd of
electors in favor of one candidate more
than of another, as each person may pre
fer. ; This part of the proceedings I do not
very clearly understand. The books say
that the President is elected by the peo
ple, but the way it is explained to me
makes it that the people can only accept
one out of two, or at most three, of those
candidates proposed by . wise and learned
assemblies, which they call conventions.
When the candidates are proposed the
election is not immediate, but takes place
in winter, so that the entire autumn can
be spent in talking about the candidates
their wisdom, learning! houesty, and such
like. In the meantime these, things are
all thoroughly discussed in the newspapers.
In the second last month of the American
year the people of each State choose their
electors and in the last month of the year
the electors choose the President. After
the election of the electors, which takes
place in the second last month, it is prac
tically, though not officially, known who
is to be the new President. The electors
of each State meet by themselves to choose
the President, and I am told this: They
must meet on the same day throughout all
the States lor the great aiviiou ui mis
country are called States. Now, as I have
said this meeting is held in the last month
of the American year, and on the , first
fourth day of the last month- When the
electors meet they give their votes for
President, and they make at least three
certificates of their proceedings. They
send a messenger with one of their certifi
cates to Washington, and they seud an
other by the public conveyances, which in
this country are Called post-olfices, and the
remainder are Kept, m
first fourth day of the second month of the
following year the two great councils of
Concress meet in the same hall and salute
each other. When they have saluted each
other the head man of tbe superior coun
cil, who is usually the Vice President of
the United States, enters before Congress
and carries a huge wallet in his hand. He
then mounts a kind of throne, which is
occupied by the bead man of the other
council; and when he mounts the throne
he stops and takes breath. He then sits
down, and then he stands up; and when
he stands up he tells the two great coun
cils that he has the electiou in his wallet,
and that he will oped and read it for them.
He then opens the wallet and takes out
the certificates one by one. As he takes
out each certificate he breaks its seal, and
has it opened and read. These Certifi
cates authenticate how many votes are
given for each candidate; hence; when
they are all read and collated, it is ascer
tained who is elected, and the head man
then solemnly announces that such a one
is elected President of the United States;
and it is only then that it is officially known
in Washington who is elected President,
although it is officially known all over tbe
world for the three months previous.
After the public announcement of the
election of the new President nothing re
mains to be done but to induct him into
office. - This ceremony is called the In
auguration. It takes place on the fourth
day of the third month of the American
year, which is exactly seventeen days be
fore the sun crosses the line, in the seed
sowing season. . The ceremony of inaugu
rating the President is something similar
to the method of crowning European mon
arch s, or of enthroning our own Tycoon.
This inauguration has a political signifi
cance in America and in Ettroe. All the
inferior rulers secure what they call a cora
irission; which is a document certifying
their appointment to their office and guar
anteeing their authority. Now, as the
I resident has no superior, from whom he
has to receive his commission, bis induc
tion into office is made ceremonious and
pompous, because it is intended as a for
mal notification to all mankind that he is
the supreme ruler of the country. So
much importance is attached to this that
it was feared that the late President Lin
coln would not be acknowledged by Euro
pean powers, unless he was thus publicly
inauguratca. I
In the hereditary monarchies or Europe i
the wife of the ruler is also inaugurated,
whereby she is solemnly acknowledged as
tho mother of J.he future monarch; but, as
the government of America is not here-
ditary, the same reason does not hold good j
m this country. '
Havinsr described the manner of the
electiou of President of the United States,
and of his induction into office, I will now
endeavor to describe the nature and extent
of his authority. In the first place, the
President is the highest in rank and dig
nity of all the functionaries of the govern
ment, lie has the sunreme command ot
all tbe land and naval forces; he appoints !
and commissions all the subordinate mag
istrates; he conducts the negotiations with
foreign governments, but he cannot con
clude a treaty without the concurrence of
tho superior council of Congress, which
the vulgar people of the country call the
Senate; he receives ambassadors and en
voys from foreign governmeuts; he has the
power of pardoning offenses, and he is gen
erally charged with superintending the
execution of the laws; he has no authority
to interfere with the local governments, of
which I will give a fuller description in
another letter.
The President may be legally deposed
from office, although such such an event
has never yet occurred. There is one re
markable circumstance connected with the"
President of the United States as compared
with European rulers which is worth not
ing. The circumstance, or rather the
usage, is this: Althdbgh the President is
not surrounded by courtiers and retainers,
nevertheless the envoys Of foreign powers
do not enjoy the same license of com
muning with him that is permitted by Eu
ropean rulers. The slightest glance at a
newspaper regarding European events, to
gether with a consideration of the manner
in which business is transacted in this
country, will show this matter in a clear
light. In Great Britain, France, and
other European countries, ambassadors
often intrdduce business of a Bcrious na
ture at the levees and public entertain
ments of the rulers to whom they are ac
credited. In the United States such is not
the case. When the President, holds wa
or entertainmeuts it would be regarded as
a very unusual thing for a foreign ambas
sador to avail himself of the resulting fa
cilities to introduce anything like diplo
matic business. Such things are here
usually put in writing, and are brought
under the President's notice through his
grand Prime Minister whom they call tbe
Secretary of State. From this simple dif
ference great results follow. The Ameri
can government is never surprised with
hasty proposals, and the subjects brought
to its attention are known to it actually
before they are known to it officially and
hence, in communication with foreign pow
ers America usually means what it says,
and says what it means, and there is no
vacillation in its foreign policy. The mo6t
important policy of the British government
is often foreshadowed in the speeches made
by the high ministers of state at banquets
and other festivities. The speeches made
in the grand Councils of the nation, and
the articles published in the. newspapers
are all allowed by the British government
to be made the topics of diplomatic discus
sioni The same may be said of other Eu
ropean governments; In America the ex
act reverso of this is the case Neither
the debates in Congress nor the speeches
made by public men are allowed to be no-
ticed. by foreign governments. Foreign j
governments, in communicating with the
government of the United States, are not j
allowed to notice anything appertaining to i
the American side of the discussion, ex-
cept what is formally announced by the
President or his Secretary of Statei This
formal mode of proceeding gives much
tone and dignity to American diplomacy,
and frees it from the embarrassment that
might naturally surround an authority pos
sessed by many in common. All this might
be summed up by saying that the Presi
dent of the United States is the sole organ
of communication with foreigners, and this
maxim of the American government is ad
hered to in all its. consequences, remote
and proximate, direct aud indirect, trivial
and imnortanti Hence, although there
are parries, and factions, and combinations
in favor of every measure of the govern
ment, and against every measure Of the
government, nevertheless foreign powers
have not the slightest opportunity of inter
meddling in the internal affairs of America.
If a foreign government were to design to
intermeddle in the . internal politics of
America it would find it necessary to do as
its first act what every intermeddling gov
ernment has found it necessary to reserve
for its last act, whenever it dare to d it
at all namely, to outrage, not only the
written law, but even the most inveterate
prejudices and the most delicate sensibili
ties of the people with' whom it wishes to
interfere .
So much for the President of the United
States. I have a few more words to add
about the Judges of America, aud tben I
will close my present letter.
The Judges of America, although ap
pointed by the President, hold their offices
independent of him. Usually,they do not
decide cases so much as to preside over
the investigations of them. Offenders can
be brought to punishment only through
the ageucy of the Judges; and, although
the President Can remit the punishment
inflicted by the Judges, be cannot icflict
such punishment himself. These Judges;
in the trial of cases, associate with them
bodies of men which they call juries in this
country. But this feature of tho iVmeri
can government, as well as their sj'stem of
local government, are so Complicated that
I must reserve a full description of the In
and of other topics for some future letter.
I am, ever to be Revered Lord and
Master, the most unworthy and debased
of your slaves. Tirroji Haton.
A Mat's Love for a Child
There is iu Whitehall village a family
Who have a little daughter two years and
a hnlf old who has" formed a singular at
tachment for a rat. Every day this little
one goes into the wood-shed adjoining the
house, where a large', venerable-looking
rat makes its appearance, when the inno
cent looking child proceeds to feed it from
her chubby baud. The parents have
canght their little one feeding its protege
several times of late, yet on the approach
of any other than the little girl the rat
scampers off to its hole. Several efforts
have been made by the child's parents to
despatch the singular companion of their
darling, for it was feared the Child niay get
bitten by it. Last Sunday the rat showed
its affection and guardian care of the little
one's comfort, as the following will show :
The child's mother put it to sleep iu its
cradle iu the kitchen, going to another
room in the house, leaving the sleeping
child alone; On her return she cast her
eye at the child, when she was surprised
to observe the rat standing jierched upon
the top of the cradle, moving its tail over
the little sleeper. The mother, wishing to
see what tho "Tarmit was up to," stood
and watched its movements; peeping thro'
the door, which was only partly opened.
She observed a number of flies above the
child's face, when two lit on the little one,
whereat the kind rat whisked them off
with its tail. Wishing to make sure, the
lady quietly called her husband, and the
two stood Watching-the proceedings at
least ten minutes.
Every time a lly dared to light ou the
little one's face that old rat's friendly tail
would brush it away, like the guardian
angel hovering about us, who, we believe,
is constantly brushing away dangers that
threaten us poor mortals. It was thought
safe by the child's parents to leave the
child in charge of its singular nurse, and
for one hour the little one slepti When
it awoke its mother went to take itiip, and
the rat jumped from the cradle and sped
away through the half-opened door to the
wood-shed. Since that time the child has
beeu put to sleep hi the kitchen to ascer
tain if the experimeut would be repeated.
Each time wheu left a'one, with the shed
door partially open, the old rat would en
ter and take up its position over the top of
tiro vi -note, watching the little sleeper, and
brushing away tho flies who dared to trou
ble its precious charge. 2f. Y. Timesi
The Tcg of Love. For a long1 time a
gallant young Philadelphiau wooed the
beauteous daughter of a cruel father and
mother, who did not, like the lady, appre
ciate his many gift s. So Romeo and Juliet
resolved to fly, and be married far away
from their tyrannical objections. Romeo
went to Chicago by rail, while Miss Juliet
wended her solitary way to Buffalo by
rail, and thence to Chicago by the lake.
Romed waited on the dock for the arrival
of the propeller, found that other persons
were awaiting the same with equal anxie
ty, and furthermore, that they were detec
tives seut to carry mademoiselle back to
tho old Philadelphia shore. The heart
and the brains of Romeo were stirred.
Never would he permit bis Juliet ta be
thus torn from him. Accordingly he
sought the captain of a convenient little
tug-boat which in a moment was in mo
tion on its way to Grass Point, where it
met the propeller, took on board the young
lady, and reached the City an hour before
the said propeller did. Then from that
bright bark Romeo and Juliet departed,
and were quietly married while the detec
tives were Wildly starching an unrespon
sive steamboat.
A MottAL Pointed with Thistle
Seeds. A story is told of a woman who
freely used hor tongue to the scandal of
others, and made confession to a priest
of what she had done. He gave her a ripe
thistle-top, and told her to go out in vari
ous directions and scatter the seeds, one
by one. Wondering at the penance, "he
obeyed, and then returned and to!d her
confessor. To her amazement, he bade
her go back and gather the scattered seeds;
and when she objected that it would to
impossible, he replied . that it would be
still more difficult to gather up and destroy
all evil reports which she had circulated,
about others.
A rntE HAND.
In the latter part of '49 a number of pro
fessional gamblers in large practice were
residing at the Graham house. (Who that
was in San Francisco ill '4D and '50 doe.-?
not remember the Graham house, which
stood r"ii the corner of Kearney and Pacific
streets?) In the party, two were especially
remarked for the boldness of their play
and the steadiness of their business nerves.
These were a hunchback, named Briggs,
and Joe Basset, a better sort of graduate
of the. old Vickftbarg school. Both Lad
beeti signally successful in many a sharp
operation, during the year, and had con
siderable property In lots, which, for their
convenience in business, they bad convert
ed iuto cash, and banked partly with Bur
goyne and Wrijrht, partly on various monto
tables. One day, iu an after-dinner chat,
they compared notes and found that they
stood equally fair on the gambler's change,
each Leing good for just if 120,000 immedi
ately available dust. Both being more
than usually enterprising under the inspi
ration of wine, Briggs offered a daring
banter which was recklessly accepted by
Basset, that they should at once adjourn
to an upper room, fill tip each a check for
the entire sum lie was worth in cash, di
vide equally between the two $240,000 in
red checks, aud play for the whole neith
er to leave the room ou any pretext what
ever until all the red checks were lost and
won. Accordingly, with no less equiniini
ty and pleasant singleness of purpose, they
letired, with a few choice spirits of their
set, to the privacy of a reserved apartment,
and having provided a store of choice
liquors, cigars and viands for the compa
ny, executed the required documents, and
divided the rosy counters, they took their
scats at the opposite sides of the table and
began the extraordinary and most interest
ing contest- a contest which called out
such feats of memory, sagacity, discrimi
nation, self-possession, quick recognition
of signs and detection of finesse, such fine
feints, nimble thrusts and parries, hot as
saults and well ordered retreats, as would
have made the fortune and fame of a states
man, a general or a fencing master. The
first deal was made at four o'clock ih ths
afternoon, and the game went On with
changing fortuue all night. At the elbow
of each stood a glass of water, moderately
heated with brandy. Neither smoked ;
a cloud between them would have been
as culpable a blunder as the sun ih the eyes
of a duelist. Ten o'clock next morning,
yet ib their places both looking somewhat
pale aud haggard, but very quiet. Briggs
had $4,000 left of all that he was worth in
the World. The cards were dealt. The
table at which they sat was hear a door of
the rcom, and just as Bassfett, whose "say"
it was was making up his mind, sdmB one
entered and stood behind him. Briggs
eyed his antagonist over his shoulder, and
with a searching stare that held his very
breath. Without noticing the entrance
of the newcomer, with no flutter of his
cards, without one startled glance or even
the move of a finger, Basset "went six thou
sand dollars." "Take the motley," said
the hunchback, and he took it. Briggs
had two jacks ; Joe Basset three kings.
As the two quaffed great bumpers of raw
brandy; Briggs remarked, as ho rose to go
to bed, "If you had noticed that man I
nnig-lit Iiaro borrowed the money and held
on a little longer; but when I saw that
you did not turn to look over your should
der or drop the face of your cards, I knew
ycil had a pure hand." A few days after
that the hunchback invested fifty dollars,
borrowed from Basset, in a miner's outfit,
and started for the diggings, where he died
in a moUthj a helpless pauper.
It is not generally known that among
the many other interesting Incidents in
the life of President Andrew Jackson he
was twice married to the same woman, a
former Mrs. Rachel Ilobards, daughter of
Mrs; Donclson, the widow of Col. John
Donelson, an emigrant from Virginia to
Tennessee; On account of the dissolute
habits of her husband. Captain Robards,
application was made t j the Legislature
of Virginia for a divorce, and soon after
intelligence was received that the petition
had been granted. Supposing she was
freed from marital relations, Mrs. Robards
and Gen. Jackson were married in Natch
ez, in 1791. In December, 1793, it Was
ascertained that the proceeding in the Vir
ginia Legislature was simply an authoriza
tion for a suit for a divorce td be entered
in a Kentucky Court, and this suit had
just been brought to a successful issue.
Much chagrined, but determined to be
honorable and correct, Jackson, on his re
torn to Nashville in January, 1704, took
out a license, and was again married.
The old organ in tho Strasbourg ca
thedral, which was injured during the
bombardment iu IS 70, has recently been,
repaired. This instrument is the third,
onraii which has been used iu the cathe-
j dial since its erection in the middle of the
thirteenth century. The first, which was
opened hi 1269, was burned iu 1298, and
in 13S1 the second organ was partly de
stroyed' by lire. It was ingeniously" re
paired, however, and was ured until 1714,
when the present one was'tuade by Andre,
' pipes'.
I
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