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THE GREENVILLE JOURNAL w, and of By LILBURN H. TOWNSEND. Hand of labor, hand of might. Bo thou strong Id thing of right Master thou of crafts untold. Driving them In heat and cold; Working high and working low. That the world may brighter grow; ' Press, the loom, and traffic great. Know the drive behind thy weight Hand of labor, rude and fine. Things of earth are mostly thine. Mines of gold and fields of wheat. Harbors deep where pennants greet: Ships of war, canals and locks. Roads of steel and bridges, docks. Strain thy sinews day and night. Be thou strong In things of right Mills and shops in clang and roar. Foundry fires and molten ore; Sullen mines and heaving seas. Lands of rock and timber trees; Cotton fields as white as snow. Forges black 'mid flames aglow. Strain thy sinews day and night. Be thou strong In things of right. Hand of labor, great thou art; Be thou fair, and bear thy part Like big souls, sincere. Intense; Stoop not low to base offense. Nor, In heat forget that men. Large and small, all kind and ken. Have their place and must remain 'Neath the sway of guiding brain. J4 m II) ii 1 LABORTROUBLEOLD Disturbances Go Far Back Into History. Apostle Paul Is on Record as Having Created Dissension Among the People of Ephesus by His. Preaching of Christianity. While the matter of Labor day is under consideration, the question arises: What is labor? Webster gives as 'his first definition: "Toil or exertion, physical or mental." William B. Wilson, secretary of the department of labor, gave the follow ing as his conception of the idea: "Labor is any mental or physical ac tivity other than that engaged in sole ly for pleasure" a definition showing a brain at once practical and analytic. Mr. Powderly would narrow this somewhat by defining labor as "any exertion, mental or physical, not in dulged In for pleasure and for the ben efit of mankind." Doctor Coulter of the census bureau, an expert on such matters, would give an even broader scope to the word. He -defines labor as: "All effort, whether mental or physical." The question of Labor day naturally brings to mind the collateral labor questions of labor union protests and strikes.' There is a tendency among latter-day philosophers to prophesy all manner of evil to come to mankind by the way of labor unions and their troubles, both among themselves and with others, and to hold forth these troubles as a proof of human deca dence, peculiar only to this degenerate age. In this connection, while the early history of Rome and the tribulations of the workman of that day show that labor troubles have always been with us, there is a most interesting pass age in the Acts of the Apostles, which, when read with an eye to modern la bor dissensions, shows that mankind has not varied one whit in his striving for what he considers the fruits of his labor, since the days of St. Paul. Paul, together with other apostles, went up in the Ephesus country, seek ing converts to the Christian faith. Now, Ephesus was the favorite city of Diana, or Artemis, as she was also called. Here was her famous temple; here was her famous statue, said by the priests to have fallen from heaven. Thither every year came pilgrims by the tens of thousands to worship at the shrine of the tutelary deity and here a goodly number of silversmiths found their calling a most lucrative one. For, there being no photographs nor postal cards, these pilgrims took away with them small silver fac simile statuettes of the great goddess as souvenirs. Now observe the nine teenth chapter of Acts, according to the twentieth century version of the New Testament: "Now a silversmith named Demet rius, who made silver models of the shrine of Artemis (Diana), and so gave a great deal of work to the arti sans, got these men together, as well as the workmen engaged In similar occupations, and said: 'Men, you know that our prosperity depends upon this work, and you see and hear that, not only in Ephesus, but in almost the whole of Roman Asia, this Paul has convinced and won over great num bers of people by his assertion that those gods which are made by hands are not gods at all, so that not only is this business of ours likely to fall Into discredit, but there is the further danger that the temple of the great goddess, Artemis (Diana), will be thought nothing of, and that she her self will be deprived of her splendor, though all Roman Asia and the whole world worship her.' "When they heard this the men were greatly enraged and began shout ing: 'Great is Artemis of the Ephe sians!' The commotion spread through the whole city, and the people rushed with one accord into the theater, drag ging with them the companions of Paul." Certainly there cannot be found in any modern newspaper a more perfect account of a sympathetic strike and a labor riot. And that was two thousand years Bgo. The earliest ' work on shorthand writing was compiled by Dr; Timothy Bright of Cambridge in 1598. HPS Labor BUSY DAYS COMING Period of Stress Ahead of the American Worker. Labor Day an Excellent Time to Think of the Future That Must Be the Result of the War in Europe. Every American, whether he works with his hands or with his head, will take full advantage of Labor day, the last of the summer holidays; every one will appreciate the fact that there is a long period of work ahead of him. This fall and winter is sure to be a time of readjustment In many lines of American commerce and labor, due to the European war, which not only shuts off some of the things we buy, but Is filling our warehouses with many of the things we sell. How to manage without the particular things we have always imported and how to get a market for the things Europe cannot buy must engage our Berious attention for months, perhaps for years. There may be some failures In the effort to readjust, but there will be more successes, and great ones. The best thing about the whole sit uation is the stout heart of the busi ness world and the people In general. They enter upon a combat with un certainties with the old Yankee con fidence, backed by the knowledge that in the fundamental items of physical life we are safe. We can feed our selves, clothe ourselves, warm our selve. The rest is only a matter of time and adjustment. There will be no hard times if the hard work is well tackled. Business must not wait "until the war is over," for nobody knows when that blessed day will be. If we are prepared for a long war, so much the more prosperity if the war is brief. It is a splendid time for every American, from the housewife to the capitalist, to study American econo mies and get a better knowledge of values. DEMAND IS FOR SERVICE Public Ideas Have Had a Significant Change in a Comparatively Few Years. When the French aristocrat before the great revolution was asked as to his chief service to society, he replied, "To have been born." He felt that his mere presence in the world conferred an honor on his country. That has been the attitude of privi leged classes of all time. But a new ideal has come into men's minds the ideal of labor, of service to the com munity. Today the public is constant ly asking men to justify their income. "What have you done to deserve it?" is the question. "By what service to so ciety have you earned your money?" It used to be considered perfectly proper to water the stock of great pub lic service corporations. But now peo ple have come to see this means to get an Income without working for it, and public sentiment Is shutting off the practice. Melon cutting in connection with franchise grabs was once popular. But it became apparent that this was mere ly one way of getting something for nothing, and the day of melon cutting is done. y So, all up and down the line the de mand has come for service in return for income. Society is willing to write its note for pretty nearly any amount to the energetic man, but it insists that the payment shall be for value re ceived. Show Noteworthy Gains. The gains in membership of the unions which form the American Fed eration of Labor aggregated 224,758, on a total of 1,703,749 at the begin ning of 1914. The rate of increase was over 12 per cent It is true that In the same twelve months the num ber of workers in the United States who were eligible to membership in the American Federation of Labor In creased more than 224,000. It may have been augmented by 450,000 or even by 500,000, but the lact remains beyond dispute that the gains of th trade unions have been remarkable) from any reasonable point ot view. Can You Answer These Questions? Uniform Examination Quizzes for County Teachers Examination for Elementary School Certificate for August, 1915. Columbus. Following are the uni form examination questions for county teachers' examination for elementary school certificate for August, prepared under the direction of the superintend ent of public Instruction and sent out from his office In accordance with sec tion 7819 of the general code: ARITHMETIC. Show your method of presenting to a class the solution of problems like this: Require the cost of 9 pounds aud and 12 ounces of butter at 23c per poun. Write the solution for: If 24 Is 6-35 of a number, 21 is what part of that number? A principal sent an agent $927 with which to purchase wheat at 75c per bushel. How many bushels of wheat did the agent buy? In an original surveyed township In Ohio, show by diagram the location of a plot of ground, being the N. W. of S. E. , Sec, 17. Required the least cost to carpet a room 13x15 ft with Brussels carpet 27 In. wide at $1.20 per yard. Mr. Smith bought 250 shares Penn sylvania railroad stock at 103 and sold it at 109; brokerage . Find his net gain. How many four-inch tile will be re quired to carry as much water as three 12-inch tile? GEOGRAPHY. What bodies of water partly sur round the peninsula of Alaska? Where is the widest part of the Rocky mountain highland? Name the states through which the main crest of the Rockies passes. Why was the Isthmus of Panama chosen as the site of a canal, and why was it needed? What heat belts cross Asia? Name three rivers flowing across the plain of Siberia? What can you say of the value and civilization of Siberia? Which coast of Asia Is bordered by the greatest number of islands? Of what Importance are these islands? Which is the highest mountain peak on the earth? How high does it rise above sea level? Name four other very high mountains. Into what gulf does the Colorado flow? What is there remarkable about the bed of the Colorado? GRAMMAR. , Point out the chief differences be tween the personal pronoun and the relative pronoun. In what cases may the appositive be used? Illustrate each with a short sentence. Define active voice and passive voice. What takes place in a sentence when a verb in the active voice Is changf i to the passive? Give three ways by which the mas cullne and feminine genders are dis tiflguished. Illustrate. Define personal pronouns, indirect object, indirect quotation, indirect question. Illustrate each with a sen tence. What do you understand by the predicate adjective? How do you dis pose of it in parsing? Parse the words in black In the fol lowing: By the flow of the inland river. Whence the fleets of iron have fled, Where thp blades of the grave-grass quiver, Asleep are the ranks of the dead. How are sentences divided as to use? As to form? How are verbs divided as to form? As to use? HISTORY. Name three Indian tribes that lived In Ohio when it was a part of the Northwest Territory. When was Ohio admitted as a state? (b) Who was the first governor of Ohio? (c) What was the first capital? For what do you remember John Eliot, Peter Stuyvesant, Robert Ful ton, S. F. B. Morse, Cyrus McCormlck, Thomas Edison? Give the boundaries of the United States as fixed by the treaty at the close of the Revolution. State briefly the causes of the war with Spain in 1898. What were the results of this war? What reasons can you give for the low market value of "greenbacks" from 1861 to 1866? Who makes treaties with foreign governments?- What body approves them and by what vote? Beginning with the extent of the United States at the end of the Revo lutionary war, trace the territorial growth of the United States to 'the present time, indicating when, how and from whom we obtained added territory. LITERATURE. What place does Abraham Lincoln take as a creator of literature? As an inspirer of literature? Where has Lowell reached his high est poetic height? How does he here compare with Longfellow? The Scarlet Letter has been pro nounced America's greatest novel; give reasons for agreement or dis agreement with this opinion. Who wrote "Huckleberry Finn," "The Sugar-Plum Tree," "The Man Without a Country," "The Star-Spangled Banner," "The Culprit Fay"? The Dial, which was the organ of Transcendentalism, and Brook Farm, which was its experiment in com munal life, both failed; does this prove the philosophy impractical? Name an Important poem written by each of the following: Bayard Taylor, Edward Rowland Sill, Edmund Clar ence Stedman. Name a well-known story written by each of the following: Bret Harte, Thomas Nelson Page. Name three leading American essay ists. Give the substance of some one of their essays, personal comment,. WRITING. How can rhythm ba niade use of In teaching writing? How can you get pupils to learn the proper heights of letters and the dis tance below the line they should go and train them to observe these heights and distances? Does the copybook afford the amount and kind of practice in writing that is desired? What would you have the writing class supplied with? Copy as a specimen of your pen manship: He worked, and bravely he fulfilled his trust So long he wandered sowing worthy seed, Watering of wayside buds that were adust, And touching for the common ear bis reed So long to wear away the cankering rust That dulls the sold of life so long to plead With sweetest music for all souls op pressed, That he was old ere he had thought of rest. Jean Ingelow. PHYSIOLOGY. Why is it desirable that a teacher know something of the anatomy and physiology of the lower animals? Why should mouth breathing be avoided? What are some causes of it? What can a teacher do to remedy it? i- Describe the organs which cause perspiration and explain its purpose. Bacteria produce disease and other effects in three .ways. Mention these ways and illustrate each of them. In determining the value of a food, what things are to be taken into con sideration? Discuss the effects of tobacco on di gestion. In what ways does injury from excessive use of tobacco usually manifest itself? What are the functions of the red blood corpuscles? What are the arguments in favor of individual drinking cups or bubble fountains? AGRICULTURE. What is the purpose of a mulch? What are the kinds of mulch? What are the most popular sprays for orchards? For gardens? What are the principal points to consider in judging an ear of corn? What are the disadvantages of a soil composed entirely of clay? Mention at least eight popular va rieties of apples. Indicate which are early, which are tall and which are winter varieties. What are some of the conditions necessary for raising live stock profit ably? Discuss the applications of power to the work of the farm. About how deep should soil be plowed for wheat? Why? How early should wheat be planted? What ad vantages are there in sowing tho wheat with a drill? THEORY AND PRACTICE. (Take two of the groups below entire.) Group A. (Based on Pearson's The Evolution of the Teacher), What are some of the things from which a visitor chiefly judges teacher? Is it best for a teacher to try to at tain all ends by direct procedure, by inflexible rule? Give reasons for your answer. . Give two illustrations of the prac tical teaching of a moral lesson in the school. What are some of the chief things in which the right or wrong sort of school spirit manifests itself? Group B. (Based on Betts and Hall's Better Rural Schools). What are the comparative opportu nities of consolidated schools and one-room rural schools for doing so cial center work? Why should rural schools under take to set a high standard for hygi ene and health? Explain what is meant by teaching a subject as contrasted with teaching a textbook. Make a general statement of the things that should at present enter Into the education of boys and girls. Group C. (Based on no particular text). What should a teacher do in the way of learning and using the ambi tions of the pupils? What, in general, Is a proper pun ishment? What relation is there be tween the number of cases of disci pline and the successfulness of a school? What attention should the teacher give to the seating of the pupils? (Make directions definite.) What preparation must a teacher have made for a lesson In order to make it as interesting as possible? ORTHOGRAPHY. Make and name at least eight dia critical marks. Mark diacritically: Cafe, sacrifice, Panama, Sahara, Colorado, psychol ogy, perfected. What is the rule for abbreviating the words of the compound tables? READING. The examination in reading is oral. The examiner will conduct the exami nation following any plan desired. Spell : Artillery, ' docile, crevasse, expel, fortieth, Arctic, bivouac, fac simile, sachem, nausea, llama, protege, macadam, mischievous, wainscot, Chil li co the, merino, Reichstag, anxious, consignor, trissyllable, pageant, buoy, busily, reciprocity. Spell and define: Eclectic, elite, allegory, lyric, insallvation, labyrinth, lullaby, isosceles, financier, anaes thetic. TRANSPORTATION MANGER FACES MANSLAUGHTER Chicago, 111. Walter K. Greene baum, manager of the Indiana Trans portation Co., was indicted by the county grand jury,, charged with man slaughter in connection with the East land disaster. His company leased the steamer for the excursion which was blocked by the capsizing of the East land in the Chicago river with the loss of nearly a thousand lives. The In dictment charges the boat was unsea worthy and overloaded. . THE EUHPEAN WAR A YEAR AG0JHIS WEEK Aug. 30, 1914. Germans captured Amiens, France. Germans advanced in line from Amiens to Laon, forcing back the French left Bombs dropped on Paris from German aeroplane. Japanese troops landed near Kiaochow. Preparations made to defend Paris against siege. Russians bombarded Thorn and Graudenz. Aug. 31, 1914. General von Hindenburg, after three days' combat, vanquished the Russian invaders In the Ma surian lakes region. Belgium made official reply to Austria's declaration of war. Japanese occupied two Islands. Attempt made to wreck troop train near Montreal. Sept 1, 1914. Allied left wing fell back In north ern France. Germans reached Complegne, 40 miles from Paris. Germans took many Russian pris oners in East Prussia. Turkish army mobilized. More bombs dropped on Paris from aeroplanes and on Antwerp from Zeppelins. Name of St Petersburg changed to Petrograd. Sept. 2, 1914. Government of France trans ferred to Bordeaux. Germans reached Crlel, near Chantllly, and then turned away from Paris. German and French aeroplanes fought above Paris. Russians captured Lemberg, capi tal of Gal Ida. Lodz, Poland, taken by Germans and Austrians. Montenegrins defeated Austrians near Bilek. Sept. 3, 1914. Martial law proclaimed In Paris. Serbians defeated Austrians at Jadar. Germans approached the valley of the Marne, and took La Fere. Prince of Wied left Albania. Russians took Czernowitz, capital of Bukowina. China protested violation of her neutrality by Japan, Sept. 4, 1914. Germans crossed the Marne and attacked the French center. Severe fighting between Alost and Termonde, Belgium, British cruiser sank Austrian steamer Bathori in bay of Biscay. British gunboat Speedy sunk by mine in North sea. U. S. S. Tennessee took American refugees across channel and U. S. S. North Carolina sailed for Smyrna, General Bobrinsky appointed Russian governor of Galicia. GERMAN SOAP FROM SUGAR Discovery That Promises to Be of Inv mense Importance to Country In the Midst of War. The discovery is announced of a method of manufacture of soap from sugar, of which Germany has plenty, Instead of from oil, which is scarce. In the past it has been possible to use sugar only in soaps that had little value. By the new method, it is claimed, the soap produced is not only fine and delicate, but it acts as efficiently in salt water as in fresh a fact that may make the soap valu able for the navy. Articles that formerly had to be sent to chemical laundries can now be washed with the new kind of soap, The finest kinds of silks, It is alleged, not only are not harmed by it, but their colors are brought out brilliantly and as tifiw. In addition, the sugar soap seems to be responsible for a minimum of the wear and tear occa sioned by old-fashioned cleansing soaps. Hieroglyphics. "You tuem interested in that Egyp tian obelisk." "I am," said the man with the faint grin. "There's no doubt that the pic tures are funny. But the artist ought to have put in some reading to show what they're about." Heat Oranges Before Peeling. Beforo peeling oranges, set them in the even to heat for a few minutes and yotf will find that the tough white skin can be easily removed with the yellow rind. This makes the oranges much rater to give to children. Cirb on Swiss Legislators. In Switzerland, on the demand of 60,000 voters, or ot eight cantons, any law passed by the federal parliament must be submitted to the general body of the people fot acceptance or re jection. POINTED PARAGRAPHS The w'.se man has doubts, but tho fool is always positive. Most of us have loose purse strings when the purse is empty. The easier a man takes things the easier it is for him to let them slide. When a man starts on the down ward path h seldom buys a return ticket I FolKWeTouchJ By Passing Jiilia Chfmdlerx JQQBsBQsBBBtttllBBBBBHBHBBHHBlH Wmw pltou v r 1 As the Man Stood Thus in THE GARDEN AND THE FLOWER The Man had a beautiful garden. In it were flowers so many and so rare that everybody talked about It until its fame spread to the ends of the earth. For many years The Man traveled far and near in search of unusual plants and brought them to his gar den. Indefatigably he worked to keep out the weeds, although his friends said he was a dreamer whose wagon was hitched to an impossible star. They told him that no garden In all this world was without its weeds, and declared that they were natural and wouldn't do any damage. The Man only smiled, shook his head, and went on working to rout every ugly and ob stinate growth. Sometimes he stood In the midst of his garden in the cool of the evening and looked about him to see that it was fair, but each time there seemed to him that something was lacking. He knew that the fame of his work bad extended far; that men said his garden was the most perfect in all the world; but in his heart of hearts he was not entirely satisfied. Some shade of beauty was clearly missing; some needed perfume lack ing. So The Man determined that he would find the flower needed, no mat ter what the cost He went on a long journey, search ing in every nook and cranny, but he did not find out even so much as the name of the flower which his garden needed, so he returned to work among his plants in great dejection. One day The Artist came to visit The Man. He was as renowned for his painting as The Man for his gar den, and, although he lived at a great distance, he had heard of the radi ance of the garden In which The Man had cultivated rare and wonderful plants, and determined to see the place for himself. When The Artist had spent an hour in The Man's garden, it seemed to him that he must have died and gone to heaven. He simply reveled in the riot of color and steeped his senses in the perfume of the flowers. "It is a perfect place," he told The Man. "I wonder?" came the dejected re Ply. After this The Artist said nothing; but he, too, began to wonder, for when the first impression of its radi ance wore away The Artist became conscious of something wrong. The garden was not perfect, and it was clear enough that The Man, who had given all the years of his youth to making it so, was sad and disap pointed. "There is a flower missing," said The Artist. "I know," answered The Man, "but I do not know its name, and therefore I cannot find it." The Artist looked into the sad, sad eyes of The Man. "Why, of course," he cried out, sud denly; "I should have known in the first place." Whereupon he whispered the name of the most beautiful flower in all the world to The Man. "I shall seek it at once," cried The Man, "but how shall I know when I find it?" "By its perfume," answered The Artist. "It is like unto that of none other." The Man journeyed again over land and sea. He went into crowded places and again upon the mountain top, but he did not find any flower whose per fume was strange to him. He became weary and footsore in his search, and finally made up his mind that no such plant as that which The Artist had mentioned existed. Once or twice he stumbled upon lurid blossoms which were unfamiliar, but when he exam ined them he found that they sprang the Midst of His Garden. from the very weeds of which he bad worked so hard to keep his garden clear for lo, these many years. "I will go home, and I will not tend the garden any more," he told himself, "for I could never be satisfied now un less I gain for it the perfume which The Artist says is the sweetest and rarest in the world." Heart-weary and discouraged, The Man returned. He arrived in the night Before the sun rose he went out into the garden to take a last look at all the beautiful things he had planted there and tended through many years. He stood in their midst and told them that he had come to say good-by to them. He told them that they were good to look upon; that they had satisfied him for many a year, but that he had now come to the crossroads where he needed a flower that did not grow in his garden, and without which the garden was of no avail. And even while he talked the rare and beautiful flowers about him began to lift their wonderful heads, for the east had confessed a flush, and one by one (quite ignoring The Man) they raised their radiant faces for the first kiss of the morning sun. The Man watched them in amaze ment He had come forth to tell them good-by forever, and one and all they had been "clothed upon" with a new loveliness, a new radiance, Inhal ing, as It were, the spirit of the new born day. As The Man stood thus in the midst of his garden he was suddenly con scious of a new perfume. Over and above all the others it rose, clinging like a fine, sweet mist over the garden The Man had made. It penetrated his entire being, suffusing him with great joy. When he lifted his eyes, The Man saw that the small vine which he had often noticed clinging to the outside wall of his Garden of Life had borne a flower a single blossom, whose pet als radiated the myriad lights ot mother-of-pearl as It glistened in the morning sun and he did not need to be told that the name of the flower was Love, nor that it was the same that he had sought over the length and breadth of the land, although he has never ceased to marvel that it blossomed there, within the reach of his very hands, upon a vine which he had frankly despised and often been tempted to cut down. Rare Eastern Plant One of the rarest plants of the far East is the "changeable rose," whose bloom is white in the shade and red in the sunlight The rose grows in Japan, Siam and China. In the dark, or in a shaded room, the flower has a pure wavy-white surface. But a won derful transformation occurs when the bloom is taken from the dark to the sunlight. First the petals turn to a faded blue, which at once changes to a delicate pink. This hue gradually deepens into a fiery red, so that the rose becomes the color of the reddest peony that ever bloomeo. Billie's Occupation. Margaret had two boy playmates harnessed up and was driving them for horses. Margaret's mother called out and asked her why she didn't let Billie play with them. He was run ning beside them shouting at the top of his voice. Margaret called back: "Mother, don't you know Billie's play ing he's the dog?" Helped Themselves. "Why did you cut out your hot soda department with all those nice bouillons and wafers and olives?" "Too many people," explained the druggist, "seemed to think the stuff was free lunch." Louisville Courier Journal. Thought and Inclination. Men's thoughts are much acccrd'uf to their inclination. Bacon. 0r)r