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P?C •••, a ii~~ •& v -V r- -V^bt ^*:f T.r^r 3- \*y* L** 'Jt M" £•.? Pj Ifv^, •hT ,£* 0K -T i 'X tt ^V 7 ,/"/*" v "t' 4j0 I VOL. XIII. NO. 29 CELLS OF THE GRAY MATTER. Their Masa and Not tha 8ize Nor Weight of the Brain Marks the Men tality of the Individual—Develop ment of the Brain of an Infant. A man may be said to be intellectual In proportion to tbe amount of gray matter which be has in his brain. This varies In individuals, one having more gray mater at one spot, another a thicker layer at another, much of this being doubtless due to cultivation, though the laws of the multiplication of gray matter are still secrets which science has not pierced. Nor can Intellectuality be measured by the weight of the brain. The aver age male brafn weighs forty-eight ounces, and the average female brain forty three and a half, but this does not mean that woman is necessarily man's inferior intellectually. Her brain may have more gray matter in pro portion or thicker layers at the parts most in demand by her life. Brains weighing more than sixty ounces have been found in Idiots, and some of the most bril"ant men and women have had very small brains when put upon the scale. But in all cases of great intellectuality the depth of the eon volutions at certain places In the brain Is enormous, and the five lobes into which each hemisphere of the brain is divided are very distinctly marked, affording space for tmidi of tbe gray matter. The infant hns gray matter all over the surface of its brain, and thanks to the generations of development that have preceded it the divisions Into lobes and the deep creases are already there. But they are still in a very soft form and development follows in ac cordance with the intellectual develop ment of the child Its natural endow ment at birth is only an endowment of possibility, and the question of whether that Infant will be an intel lectual giant or a pigmy In brain power Is dependent almost altogether upon the training which it receives and the development of the gray mat ter in Its brain. The genius cannot be explained and possibly never will be. but a partial ex planation of his tremendous power in some one direction is offered by the examination of his brain after death Only lately a very eminent surgeon of Philadelphia died and when his brain was examined It was found that for a large part it was like a child's, but in those parts especially required by his profession it was developed far more than is usual, and the layers of gray matter at these spots were inordinate ly thick. It Is never right to draw any broad conclusion from a single in stance. but science has generalized from many instances of this kind until It Is ready now to say that thought |»ower is proportionate to the gray jnatter in the centers most used or needed.—New York World. John Bull the Musioian. Fetr but those who have studied mn alcal history know that the name John ''Bull was borne by one of the most fa mous musicians of the sixteenth cen tury He was as famous a harpsichord player In his day as Uszt was a pian lat. but as a cum poser he lacked tho creative power of Liszt, tbe result b#- ... ... ""\jt i «5 -1 ». jf-- v- V ~J£. "%, v 4 «,, 1 V |3 r" *. l*"«" WORK OF UNIONISM ORGANIZED LABOR rIAS OEVEl.UPEO INDUSTRY Tbe apparent rrumpliug up of tbe brain Is one of the most remarkable of nature's devices for securing tbe great est possible amount of surface iu tbe glveu space. IT you take a page of a newspaper and hold It by tbe edges, blowing it up to form a balloon, you have the surface of tbe paper occupy ing the largest possible amount of space. If you crumple up the paper you can get the same auiouut of sur face by following all the creases in me-fourth to one-tenth of the space. Vhis is precisely what nature has done. In the rabbit, for instance, the cere brum. or great brain, with which most of tbe thiuking is done, is without a crease, perfectly round and smooth, and tbe rabbit is about the stupidest of animals. If you study the brains of animals a little higher in intelligence than the rabbit you will find that creases come into tbe brain until in man the entire brain is a series of creases and convo lutions that puzzle you by their intri cacy. It is plain that the actual sur face of this creased brain of man is many times greater than if it were all smooth, like the rabbit's, and this is the way in which evolution has pro vided for giving the brain of man a surface from four to ten times what it would have been if smooth, so as to give space for as much gray matter as possible. No scientist has yet explained tbe reason, but tbe fact is admitted that thought and gray matter are in propor tion. Tha cells of the gray matter seem to store up thought and give it out when called upon to do so. This has been proved by electrically stimu lating the gray matter when exposed by au accident or operation and noting the result in the thoughts expressed by the patient This gray matter is spread In a coat of varying thickness all over the suface of the brain, while the white matter and nerves lie under it and ramify into it. -t f' -l :.ng that Bull Is prn •ti-allv »i»i!:iiu«'-n to the general public today, even ii» Kng iand. He d. •utiles hl« trnnKW who bor rows tomorrow's Spanish I'roverh BE A FOE TO FEAR. It Novor Won a Cause or a Battle Nor Built a Railroad. Was anything ever doue by one who was afraid? Would Columbus have made his dis covery of the new world if he had been burdened with dark forebodings? Would the gospel ever have been preached to the remotest parts of the world if the missionary had feared his mission? Would there have been a United States if the signers of the Declaration of Independence had feared foi* their lives, as well they might? Would the railroads have crossed the continent aud pierced tbe desert and would our captains of industry have had the courage of their convictions in building our industries—the wonder of the world for size, output and wages— if they had been timid while risking millions? Was u battle ever won by a general who feared? Was ever a great cause vindicated by one without a strong heart and undying hope? Was ever a prize secured by a competitor who did Hot enter the race believing he must nd would win? Is anything more contemptible than cowardice? Is anything more uoble than courage? Is anything more child ish than fear or anything sweeter than confidence in an age of unrest, unrea son. suspicion and disturbance? Let us turn from the dismal swamps and lift up our eyes to the hills. Let hope inspire and courage strengthen and the battle will be won. This is the lesson to teach the chil dren in our schools, to tell to tbe pa tient toiler at his work, to speak to the anxious business* man at hi* desk, to impress upon the preacher in his pul pit and the counselor in the ball of leg islation. And faint heart never won fair IfMfr. —John A. Sleicher iu Leslie's. BERNARDO'S MONSTER. Gigantic and Unique, Once the Glory of the Medici Garden. In the DeinidotT garden at i'ratolino, some eight or ten miles from Florence, there still crouches the monster in stone and stucco called the "Appen nino," "once the glory of the famous Medici garden. Some sixty or seventy years ago the statue was more talked of, but nowadays it appears that few folk know or care for such thiugs. It is a good specluieu of its style, and a reminder of its existence is just as well. Its height, if erect, would be about 100 feet, or say one-fourth the height of St. Paul's cathedral. At the back one can enter into rustic grottoes built into its interior, and from under neath the hair of the head a cascade may be made to flow forth at will over the shoulders and body of the colossus, creating a sparkling effect in the sun shiue. Buontalenti, the protege of Coshno di Medici, who schemed this gigantic thing in 1569. employed the best tal ent available for the setting of it up. sculptors, masons, etc.. and we are told that its abnormal size led to some of the artists losing all sense of propor tion and being rendered unfit for ordi nary work, one of them losing his rea son as a consequence of helping to build the monster. The audacity Of the conception is worthy of tbe great genius, who. train ed under the eye of Michelangelo, hesitated at nothing, knowing that the Medici money was at his bnck and he had only to ask when a daring idea of his needed funds. This famous hoy Bernardo (Buonta lenti) seems in his day to have out shone the Admirable Cricbton. being painter, sculptor, architect, engineer and mecbanclan and much besides.— London Sphere. Morphine a Pain Producer* "Morphine." says a woman who was a morphine fiend and then saved her self. "does not give pleasure. It cre ates pain. This is its ultimate and positive effect. Tbe pleasure It is sup posed to produce is a mere temporary form of anaesthesia. The exhilarating effect is the first thrill of pain vibrat ing so rapidly one does not recognize it as such Let that be written in let ters as tall as the mountains. Mor phine is a pain producer. Morphine is a nerve destroyer It weakens the will. It disrupts the foundations of the mind."—American Magazine. f/ade an Enemy. "Have you ever placed youp&elf tn the hands of a beauty doctor, Mrs. Muggswortb?" "Why do you me tbnt?" "My husband wants me to go at once." ''Yes. I have been taking regular treatments from one for the past year." "Then I think I'll not go It seems to bo useless."-Sun Francisco Call. -2 **'*"•,*. v". ~f ,' •Sl'tJ' .*mL -V. S-G£KT»S.RLAI. PIONEER OF PROGRE38. Organized labor has offered 4» more feasible solutions of the vexatious problems that coufront the people than any other eco nomlc institution. The great is- •J* sues of today were born and nurtured and raised in the trade union movement despite the fact that political parties now claim them as their own. The trade union movement is the most progressive, steadfast and uncompromising champion of democracy of our day. With out the watchful, tireless vigi lance of this great movement the progress and improvement of the world must have been much 4. slower and fraught with greater hardships and miseries on the 5 part of the mass of the people. Without the vigorous opposition to greed, selfishness and vanity engendered in the organizations of the toilers there is no prophet wise enough to tell us what the y present condition of the people musf. have been. y A SIGN OF PROGRESS. Labor Movement Has Outgrown Need of Artificial Stimulant^. There was 110 parade of workers in Chicago on last Labor day, and the Chicago Tribune had the following to say about the discontinuance of a tra ditional custom: Tbe discarding of the Labor day pa rade iu this city may be interpreted by superficial .observers as a waning of the force and influence of labor. Yet the reverse is the lesson to be dra\frn. It shows the advance the labor move ment has made in this country. The road to progress leads over broken tra ditions. When tbe labor movement in the United States was young it needed brass bands and showy uniforms and drills and marching to keep its follow ers together—at times even to keep their courage up. All of these artifi cial organization stimulants have been outgrown by the working masses. To day the workers in every trade have weekly aud monthly journals which give them lessons regularly not only in organization, but in the economics of their trade, of their home and their shop. The labor literature of this country is also doing extremely effec tive work in giving the masses a civic education. With the aid of these jour nals the labor hosts of the United States are gaining a deep insight into the needs and the problems of the na tion. The laboring man of today is thinking as he has never done before He is coming into the vanguard of Arfierican citizenship. The discarding of the Labor day parade is only one of the many symptoms of his growing mental breadth and independence. Germany has always prided herself upon the education of her working masses—education not as measured by public school diplomas, but education in citizenship, in civics. The German workman is now having a close second in the laboring man of America. Be fore long he may be superseded. CHEAP LABOR COSTLY. Statistics Prove That Poorly Paid Toil Is Usually Inefficient. Twenty years ago Dr. Schulze-Gaev ernitz published an analysis of the cot ton industry of his own country and England, aud he showed that while six or seven persons per 1,000 spindles were employed in German spinning mills, the number in English mills was scarcely three. English wages were higher than the German, but less than half the number of persons were em ployed for a given amount of machin ery. Since then Germany has been gaining rapidly on England in all forms of production, but, then. German wages have been increasing too. Some Indian and Japanese statistics have been published in recent years in dicating the employment of about twenty-five persons per 1,000 spindles in India and about the same number in Japan per shift, the practice there being to run the mills day and night. This is three or four times the number employed iu Germany and eight times the number employed in England. Such a disparity In the number of hands tends to wipe out all differences in rates of pay. Unfortunately, United States census reports do not give separately the num ber of persons employed in spinning and weaving cotton. All employes of cotton mills are combined and the number of persons employed to care for ten looms, or 1,000 spindles, is not to be calculated. Hence, it Is not pos sible to make comparisons with the other countries mentioned as to the labor costs of production. The figures given, however, are a fair indication that cheap labor is often the most ex pensive because of its relative ineffi ciency. Chioago Engineers Lose. The report of the board of arbitra tion hearing the differences between the engineers and the officials of the Belt line and the Chicago and West ern Indiana railroads gives the rail roads almost a complete victory. The report was filed in the United States district court at Chicago. On the ques tion of the" demands of the engineers for more pay the board reported not only were the roads justified in not granting higher wages to the engi neers, but that the two roads already were paying their engineers higher wages thnn nre four-fifths of the roads whose representatives were placed on ifee witness stand. ^C^v^,^^'.^-.' y £''.^'^- :Y .. HAMILTON, OHIO, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 24, 1913. British Workers Guarded by Law Against Poverty. PENSIONS FOR THE AGED. Protection From Sickness or Loss of Job Provided by the Insurance Act. Both Worker and Employer Con tribute to the Fund. During the last year every time an employer in Great Britain paid John Bull his weekly wages he was obliged also to paste in a little book bearing J. Bull's name a couple of stamps, each worth 2% pence, or 10 cents in all. The value of one of these stamps is deducted from J. Bull's weekly wage the other is a new tax on the employer. In additiou, there is a third stamp, value 1 penny, which is the con tribution of the national government. Suppose along in the spring trade is slack and J. Bull is discharged. He will take with him his book und de posit It, together with his application for a new job. in one of the 230 free public employment offices which are scattered all over Great Britain. If J. Bull is more than one week without work he can come back to the employment office and draw for eac succeeding week of idleness the sum of 7 shillings, about $1.73, which is the weekly allowance under the new Eng lish policy of insurance against non employment, the necessary funds com ing from the stamps pasted in the in surance books, backed by the contribu tions of the government. Mr. Bull may not draw this out of work allow ance for more than fifteen weeks In any twelve months. He is not, however, likely to be out of work so long. He will find when he first calls at the office of employ ment agency that the manager has on his desk a telegraphic report showing in just what towns carpenters, if that happens to be J. Bull's trade are re quired. He has also a book in which are printed the standard wages paid in various parts of the country. In ten minutes J. Bull may be offer ed bis choice of two or three jobs. If the chosen position requires a railroad Journey and Mr. Bull lias not the nec essary money to buy a ticket the amount may be advanced, to be de ducted later from his wages. If J. Bull and the new job are mutually sat isfactory his book will be forwarded to the new employer, who will begin pasting in stamps again in preparation for another period of idleness. If Mr. Bull is taken ill while at work he may have free medical at tention indefinitely. If sickness lays him up he may—as a result of further mutual stamp sticking, for which the employer is held entirely responsible draw a weekly benefit of 10 sinkings— $2.50. And in England, at least, 30 per cent of the pauperism is said to be due to sickness. When he grows old he may cheer his declining years with a pension from the government. The solution which the present Lib eral government is trying out Is com pulsory insurance against sickness and unemployment of all workingmen and workingwomen. backed by the system of employment agencies which keeps in daily touch with the demand for and supply of various kinds of labor. During the first year the insurance against unemployment tins applied only to workers in the building trades, in the construction of works. like rail roads, docks, harbors, bridges, etc., in shipbuilding, in mechanical engineer ing and the Iron trades, in the con struction of vehicles and in many kinds of machine woodwork. But the board of trade may at any time by special order extend the un employment to men in any other trade. As for the insurance against sickness or health insurance, it has applied for the last year to every person In the kingdom employed at manual labor— with a few exceptions—and to all other employees whose annual earnings do not exceed $S00. In all. 15.000,000 peo ple are directly affected, one-third of the total population of the kingdom. Some of the provisions of the act for insurance against unemployment are particularly interesting. For instance, if a workman out of a job is offered a place as a strike breaker he can refuse it and continue to draw his unemploy ment benefit. But he cannot draw this benefit while on a strike. If he quits his job voluntarily or is discharged for misconduct he cannot draw any benefit for the first six weeks thereafter. If a workman applies frequently for the benefit and the managers conclude that his inability to hold a job is due to his lack of skill or knowledge they may offer to test his abilities and if Hound lacking he may be given the needed technical instruction at the ex pense of the unemployment fund. Under the unemployment and health insurance acts and the employer's lia bility laws some provision is made for people who are thrown out of work by disease or accident or by varying con ditions in industry, whose idleness is hot their own fault. Added to them «re the old age pensions and the ma ternity benefits for working women who are about to become mothers. Henry M.'Hyde In Chicago Tribune. French Strike Statistics. Tbe Frenc minister of labor has just published an instruc tive series of strike statistics. In 1012 there were 1.100 strikes and 250.000 strikers, with a loss of 2.33:?,.V3 working days. There were 1.400 strikes in 1911. with a loss of 4 OOO 000 dnys. The figures show that strikes 011 a small scale are more successful than the larger movements 4 V A 1.11 mi am V'-K** ^-:r -«t3Z3w'*=r rv -cs, ,. NT Y FIX MINIMUM WAGE Women Toilers of Portland, Ore., Must Be Paid $8.64 Per Week. The first ruling to be rendered under a compulsory minimum wage law in the United States for adult women workers was made recently by the Ore gon industrial welfare commission. The Tuling is as follows: First.—It is prohibited to employ women in manufacturing establish ments in the city of Portland, Ore., for more than nine* hours in any day or fifty-four hours in any week. Second.—The noon lunch period for women employes in manufacturing es tablishments in Portland. Ore., shall not be less than forty live minutes iu length. Third.—It is prohibited to employ ex perienced adult wometi workers en gaged by time rate of payment in any manufacturing establishment in Port land, Ore., at a weekly wage of less than $8.04 for a fifty-four-hour week, any lesser amount being hereby de clared inadequate to supply the neces sary cost of living to such women fac tory workers and maintain them in health. The law under which the commission was created and glveu its powers pro vides a penalty for conviction of viola tion of the commission's ruling of a fine of not less than $25 nor more than $100 or imprisonment In the county jail for not less than ten days nor more than three months, or by both fine and imprisonment. Any employer who discharges or in any other manner discriminates against any employe because she has testil -l or is about to testify, or because i n e o y e e i e v e s s e i s a o u o s tify, in an investigation or proceeds u n e e a w s a e e e e u i i y of a misdemeanor, punishable by a I'• 1 •. of not less than $25 nor more than $1i* Any woman worker who is paid y her employer less than the minimi.m wage to which she is entitled un!.• the commission's ruling may recover in a civil action the full amount of iiu* i n i u w a e e s s w a s e a s a ready been paid, together with such at torney's fees as may be allowed by the court. Any agreement for her to work at less than the established minimum wage shall be no defense iu such action. LABOR'S GLEANING. No Bun ever set to rise n o more. No cloud appeared but passed away. No storm ever raged In rattle and roar But left a calmer, peaceful day. In skies that hang over- brawn and brain That build for a tat 3 and chetiahud home, The beautiful things of worth and gain, Are clouds that hide the cl«are.d dome. Should we rise and be brave when the fight Is for life. Its pleasures and peace, Its calm and comfort and sweet de light Or waver while perils Increase? Nay, na5r, for the strong and steady and true Shall grasp the victory bright. There is wrong in the reign of the few When the many are in the right. Ye of toll face the foe in your steel, •j* Lay down not on an arm of de Y fense. Struggle cm fur your homes and their u' .i 1, And triumph be your recompense. —John B. Powell. NEW JERSEY CONVICTS. No Longer to Be :j: TRADE UNION BRIEFS. '. v ti 1 I 1 1 Employed as Com petitors of Free Labor. Governor Fielder of New Jersey re cently refused to approve extension of the contract of the Crescent Garment company for employment of convicts at the state prison at Trenton. The board of prison inspectors advised that the extension be approved. The goveruor, however, announced that the state had decided upou a new prison policy in the employment of in mates of the various penal institutions. Hereafter the prisoners will be em ployed out of doors as much as possible on state roads, on a prison farm, where supplies will be raised and sold to the various state institutions, and in a quarry which will be purchased and operated for the benefit of the state. The product \tlll be used in state road work. Pending the working out of the new system Governor Fielder be lieves that employment can be found for a large number of men thrown out of work by the closing of the contract. Z Members of the Laundry Workers union have been assessed $1 to form a fctrike fund. Bricklayers in New York city receive 77 cents per hour. They work forty four hours per week. A new trade union house of the woodworkers of Germany has recent ly been completed at a cost of over $250,000 at Berlin. The New York State Federation of Labor adopted a resolution asking for a law to provide for a minimum wage scale of $15 per week. Pearl button workers of New York have secured recognition of the mion, a nine hour workday and 10 per cent increase in wages. They were on strike five months. The arbitration board which is hear ing the demands of trainmen and con ductors must make its award within forfy-flve days after its first meeting, which took place Sept. 11. STOVES & RANGES Geo. Bast Sa Son 332-6 High St. The Made In Hamilton Reg. U, S. Pat. Office Ui r"B v ,.\* f"* ***., ,/ ,J Ask the man who builds them" S O Y Heiiabit i/tci.ers Dry Goods, Carpets, Cloaks, Q,ueens"war* Millinery. H«us« Furnishings ¥oss-Holbrock Stamps with all Cash Purchases. $1.00 PER TEAR Grimmer 8c Long 110 Main St. fOS. c. him at Cor. Front and High I Merchants' Dinner Lunch Served every Day Lunch Counter Connected TRV Used by all the leading Cafes and Business Houses in the city No Bad Odors and Perfect San itation at All Times 330 East 5th St. CINCINNATI, OHII Just Bear In The Ohio Union Bottled Beer When you want a g«od Beer, all who have drank it are delighted. Nothing but Hops and Malt of Quality are used in making eur Zunt=Heit, Special Brew and Tannhauser ^Sold by all Leading Cafes in Hamilton Ohio Union Brewing Co. Cincinnati, Ohio READ THE PRESS -'-f ®f '^v --*,1 /V* S 1 .^-i „,. ., '-I J? ,-' V\"& $1 1 u "'f ,:l- ?!£$••''' s i A Mind kmm