The Butler County press. [volume], December 12, 1913, Image 1

About The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946

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VOL. XIII. NO. 36
WORK OF LAUNDRY GIRLS.
Investigation at Milwaukee Disclosed
the Fact That Treadles of Ironing
Machines Require 'an Enormous Ex
penditure of Power.
JOSEPHINE GCLDMARK in Survey.
Innate in the most of us is the dls
like of waste. It offends us. Throw
ing foo] away, for instance, is obnox
ious to m«»st persons normally inclin
ed. Worse than waste of matter is
"waste of energy, waste of human ef
fort. It does more than offend it out
rages.
The girls who operate laundry ma
chinery. bearing down with all their
•weight upon the foot treadles of the
"body ironers" and "presses." work
hard—how hard a tested scale show-,
ed In the latest government investiga
tion of women's work. For ten hours
a day the.v expended about 100,000
pounds foot pressure per hour. This
is not guesswork it is arithmetic
The scale showed at certain machines
100 pounds pressure at each tread of
the girl operators. They made sixteen
treads per minute.
The test was tried in Milwaukee,
where Miss Obeuauer of the federal
bareau of labor statistics investigat
ed thirty-one power laundries In co
operation with the state industrial
commission of Wisconsin. Nor is this
an extreme statement. Conditions de
scribed in Milwaukee can be found in
most towns and cities throughout the
country.
Eight physiciaus to whom the rec
ords of the cuff presses and body iron
ers were submitted were unanimous
in thinking the work detrimental to
health. A tendency to create pelvic
disorders or spinal curvature was the
danger emphasized.
Now. if the Milwaukee investigation
had done no more than record these
pressures accurately a service would
have been rendered, but it did more.
Far more significant, far more arrest
ing, was the discovery that much of
this effort was unnecessary. This, too,
was simply proved. The investigators
forced down the treadles of certain
machines until the garment in process
of being ironed received the "finish
or gloss necessary to pass muster. The
scale attached to the treadle showed
that uuknowu to the workers, un
known to the employers themselves, a
needless exertion of from twenty-flve
to thirty pounds was put forth at each
tread, "amountims." says the report,
"to a wasted exertion of *270.000 to
238.000 pounds in a ten hour day
Here we have an index in 'okI figures
of the wasted muscular effort of one
girl during one day.
About a quarter' of tin* fi.M women
individually interviewed in the Mil
waukee laundries were employed at
the foot treadle machines. Among the
80.000 women laundry workers enu
merated in the census, thousands are
similarly employed throughout the
country. For years, since the first hot
cylinder presses and ironers replaced
the familiar flatiron, these thousands
of girls and women have thus day bj
day been wasting their most precious
Industrial asset, tiieir working capaci
ties. In a sport or match we deplore
the spectacle of the player who wastes
his strength in ignorance. We applaud
the player whose strength is focused
whose every stroke tells. Batting av
erages are familiarly discussed in deci
mals. But these girls were not play
ing a game. They were earning an
average of $5.4~ per week at the cuff
yoke and neckband presses and an
average of S».04 per week at the body
and sleeve ironers, all "foot treadle
machines." says the report, "shown by
the records to make excessive occupa
tional demands."
"When the individual is endeavoring
to labor in an atmosphere at a high
temperature and a high humidity,
said Trofessor F. S. Lee recently in a
memorable address, "he has to contend
not only with his normal fatigue sub
stances, but with the pathological sub
stances
that result from the peculiar
conditions of his labor. Nor
mal and pathological fatigue sub
stauces are here present in solution in
an overheated body. If they are toxic
at normal degrees of temperature their
toxicity is more pronounced at higher
degrees, and In proportion as mechan
leal work Is performed and internal
temperature rises the more is working
power lessened."
1 emphasize the writer's last words
for the realization that these things
lessen working power- the heat and
humidity, the excess pressure, the high
treadles—Is a step toward their sup
pression.
But the essential thing Is that a new
scrutiny of waste has been made—and
•With the simplest appliances of scier.ce
scale, foot rule and thermometer. Oth
er valuable suggestions are brought
up in the report, such as the possibility
pf alternating or interchanging occu
jpatlons. The hardest work In the Mil
waukee laundries was found to be in
no way differentiated from the easiest
Tn bringing
out these
Hionately the
facts dlspn
Milwaukee report is of
more than local or passing account
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WASTE Ol= E.NE.KGY
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HOW WUCtt MUSCLE POWKR DOHS INDUSTRY SQUANDER?
4
It strikes a deeper ehovd. for wnr|{
that Is unnecessary cm k ih it is
wholly undirected, work that exhausts.
Is waste, from which the m'nd in
stinctively reenlN and for which it dt
ma rids a r«Mrted.v.
FEDERATION OFFICERS.
Two Changes Made In Personnel of the
Executive Council.
The thirtieth annual convention of
the American Federation of Labor
held at Seattle. Wash., elected the fol
lowing officers: Samuel (iompers. presi
dent first vice president, .lames Dun
can second vice president. .lames
O'Conneil third vice president. Dennis
A. Hayes fourth vice president. Jo
seph LI. Valentine: fifth vice president,
lohn K. Alpine sixth vice president.
lit. B. Perham seventh vice president.
John P. White eighth vice president.
Frank Duffy treasurer. John B. Len
non secretary. Frank Morrison.
John Mitchell and William D. Hu
ber voluntarily retired as members of
the council. John P. White, president
of the United Mine Workers, was
elected to succeed John Mitchell, and
Frank Duffy, secretary of the United
Brotherhood of Carpenters, was elect
ed to fill the vacancy caused by the
resignation of William D. Iluber. A
test of strength between the trade
unionists and the Socialists came in
the election of one of the fraternal
delegates to the British trade union
•ongress. William D. Mahon. presi
dent of the Amalgamated Association
of Street and Electric Railway Em
ployees. was elected over Frederick L.
Wheeler, a Socialist and member of
the Brotherhood of Carpenters' dele
gation. by a vote of 14.(503 to 3,834.
The second delegate to the British
trade union congress, Matthew Woll,
of the Photo-engravers' union, was
elected without opposition.
Mortimer Douoghue. president of
the Montana State Federation of La
bor, was elected fraternal delegate to
the Canadian trades and labor con
gress. The 1'J14 convention will be
held iu Philadelphia, that city winning
against Fort Worth by a vote of 10,
634 to 8.43U.
CONTINUE ASSESSMENT.
Miners Vote to Contribute to the Sup
port of Strikers.
The United Mine Workers have de
cided by a vote of 120.4S1) for and 17,
21i against that the assessment of 50
cents a member each month shall be
continued until the strikes in Colorado
Vancouver island. West Virginia and
elsewhere of the miners are brought to
a successful termination. Assurance is
given in an official notice in a recent
issue of the United Mine Workers'
Journal that the assessments will be
discontinued as soon as the strikes
mentioned are settled.
The notice further states: "The ac
tion of the membership of our great
organization in voting to continue this
assessment will have a splendid moral
effect and will bring good cheer to the
homes and hearts of the men. women
and children engaged in this great in
dustrial struggle in Colorado and else
where. Your action is a splendid ex
hibition of the loyalty which you owe
to each other and will no doubt go a
long way iu bringing about a speedy
settlement."
The assessment of 50 cents has been
n effect about three months.
e e
ORGANIZED LABOR.
As I look back over my forty
years of experience as a trade
unionist 1 can see many men
that never acquired prominence
in the trade union movement,
men that might have swayed the
rod of empire, who were crush
ed by the wayside by the power
of organized capital because
they dared to protest against un
just and unfair conditions.
I can see that crushing process
going on here and there in our
country today, and if the depart
ment of labor can do anything to
wipe out that crushing process,
that process of crushing the toil
ers because tliey dare to protest,
the department of labor will uti
lize everything in its power to
prevent it—Secretary of Labor
W. B. Wilson.
Bricklayers Establish Pension.
An old age
pension
V w s a
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and disability
fund will be inaugurated by the Brick
layers. Masons and Plasterers' Inter
national Union of America in 1014.
The fund 'will be maintained by
a weekly assessment of 2"» cents on
each member. Each person entitled to
draw upon the fund will receive $6
week, the payments to be made
monthly.
Pensions will be allowed any mem
ber who has reached the age of sixty
years and has been in good standing
In the union for twenty years if he is
unable to obtain sustaining employ
ment and to any member who has
been in good standing for ten years
and has become Incapacitated by aed
dent or IU bealtb.
a
FOUNDED ON FREEDOM.
The trade union movement of
America is founded upon funda
mental principles of human free
dom and liberty. Whatever new
problems have arisen, whatever
complications of old problems or
of new and old problems, they
have always been solved by
some method that harmonized
with the purposes of the move
ment—the effort to insure to
each individual the right to self
development, independence and
freedom. Like some master
piece of music is this movement
of the toilers, though there are
difference and variety, though
there are changing mood and
feeling to interpret the develop
ing theme, yet through it all per
vading is an exquisite tone of
harmony that gives the sense
of unity and purposefulness.
Though the movement may be
slow with clear ringing over
tones. now rapid with crashing
chords, now throbbing with the
sob of the in'nor. yet it ever re
turns to the common chord, "the
major of this life,"—A. F. of
L. Report.
A QUESTION OF WAGES.
Unskilled Toiler Not Paid Enough to
Support a Family.
Not very much evidence is required
to show that tlie portion of the un
skilled worker is not enviable. In
dealing with the question of wages the
report on the survey of Newburgh, N.
Y.. made by the Sage foundation, is
to the effect that wages in the skilled
trades are generally good. One is not
surprised to learn, however, that "the
situation with regard to the unskilled
workers naturally Is much less favor
able."
From a detailed classification, in
fact, it was found that of 227 adult
workers, mostly unskilled. 50 per cent
received less than $10 a week and 75
per cent less than $12. Considering
"only the unskilled, it was shown that
07 per cent were paid less than $10 a
week. The report continues:
"Studies of family budgets in Buffa
lo and New York city in recent years
have revealed the fact that it takes
from $7"0 to $Sr0 a year to supply an
Average family of five with the bare
necessities of decent living. Even as
burning that the cost of living in New
burgh is one eighth less—an allowance
that seems ample—it is still clear that
many workers and most unskilled la
borers. as is the case elsewhere, get
less than enough to support an aver
age sized family in decency. Such a
condition leads to at least one of three
results. Either the family is not sup
plied with the necessities of life and
its members become moral or physical
wrecks, sooner or later dependent on
the public for support or the mother
goes to work, thus breaking up the
unity of home life, aud the children
as soon as possible follow suit, crip
pling their opportunities or else the
family, in every emergency, falls back
on charity for relief, and the public
is called upon to make up the discrep
ancy between living and less than liv
ing wages."
MINE WORKERS INDICTED.
National Officers Charged With Viola
tion of Sherman Law.
The federal grand jury which has
been investigating the southern Colo
rado coal strike at Pueblo. Colo., re
turned twenty-five indictments against
the national officers of the United
Mine Workers of America and others
charging attempts to obtain a monop
oly of labor. Those against whom this
particular charge Is lodged are:
J. P. White, president of the United
Mine .Workers of America Frank
Hayes, vice president, and William
Green, secretary-treasurer.
Conspiracy in restraint of interstate
commerce in violation of the federal
anti-trust law is charged In indict
ments against these officials of the la
bor organization:
Frank J. Hayes, vice president John
Lawson of the executive board Adolph
Germer. organizer Robert Uhlrich
president of the Trinidad local A.
McGary. organizer: James Morgan
Charles Battley and Edward Wallace
editor of a labor paper at Trinidad.
Five other indictments charge va
rious cilners with having committed
depredations against property where
coal for interstate shipment was
stored.
Laboratory For Study of Labor.
Under the auspices of the Kaiser
Wilhelm society a laboratory for the
study of the physiology and psychol
ogy of labor will be founded. It is to
be known as "Kaiser Wilhelm Insti
tute For Physiology of Labor" and
will receive an annual subsidy of $5,
000 from the society. Out of Prussian
state funds $3,500 more will be added
These small means will, of course, re
strict the work of the uew institute
at least in the beginning. The pro
gram to be followed has been prepared
by the director. Professor Rubner. It
is intended to investigate and deter
mine scientifically what influence
exerted upon laborer and labor by
such factors as quantity and quality
of food, various special diets, meal
hours, amount of work, fatigue, famil
iarity with the work at hand, etc.
Union Men Win Victory.
The Union Labor party won a big
victory in San Francisco's municipal
election. Five of its eight candidates
for supervisor, also its candidates for
police Judge and tax collector, were
swept into office by decisive majori
ties.
S 5 5 K V
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HITLER l'OUNT\
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fifteen
HAMILTON, OHIO, FRIDAY. DECEMBER 12, 1913.
LABI
LAWS
Big Grist of Protective Measures
Passed In 1913.
LONG STEP FORWARD.
Minimum Wage and Workmen's Com
pensation Legislation Enacted In
Several States—One Day of Rest In
Seven Movement Makes Advance.
All of the labor laws passed by con
gress and by state legislatures during
1913 are described in a comprehensive
and timely bulletin just Issued from
its New York headquarters by the
American Association For Labor Leg
islation. "Of special significance in
the labor legislation of this year," says
the secretary. Dr. John B. Andrews,
are laws in five states—California.
Massachusetts, New York, Ohio and
Pennsylvania—extending the commis
sion form of factory law administra
tion as adopted in Wisconsin two years
ago Eight states—California. Colo
rado, Minnesota, Nebraska, Oregon,
Washington. Wisconsin and Utah
have this year followed the example
of Massachusetts in passing minimum
wage laws. More stringent laws re
quiring the notification of industrial
accidents and diseases and the enact
ment of workmen's compensation
measures by seven additional states
Connecticut, Iowa, Minnesota, Nebras
ka, Oregon, Texas and West Virginia
are also of first importance. Of more
than ordinary significance, too. in state
legislation are laws providing for one
day of rest in seven and laws for the
prevention of lead poisoning and oth
er occupational diseases. Federal la
bor legislation is uoticeably increas
ing In volume, and congress this year
remodeled the law for conciliation in
railway disputes and also created the
department of labor." Several hun
dred labor bills were introduced this
year in congress alone, while the state
legislatures ground out their full share
of the annual grist.
During the year twelve states pass
ed new or strengthened old laws re
quiring the reporting of accidents on
railways and in mines and factories.
Four new states required physicians
to report the most common occupa
tional diseases, and New York and
Connecticut extended their laws to in
clude brass and wood alcohol poison
ing. Laws requiring sanitation, dust
and fume removal-and wtrstring ftrrltl-'
ties in factories were widely adopted
and three great lead using states
Missouri. Ohio and Pennsylvania—en
acted scientific provisions for prote
tion against trade diseases, particu
larly lend poisoning. Safety require
ments for mint were made more
stringent in
-fates, while twen
ty-8ix states demanded greater safety
for railroad employees.
Impressed by the successful opera
tion of the Wisconsin Industrial com
mission established in 1011. Ohio
Massachusetts. California. New York
and Pennsylvania this year reorganiz
ed their labor departments more 01
less upon i! plan, the central idea
of which is 11 the legislature broadly
lavs down the standards and the com
mission supplies the details through
administrative orders
Legislation directly affecting child
labor was enacted in thirty-one states
Shorter hours, a higher minimum
age and prohibition of night work are
the main tendencies. Five states re
quired the compulsory attendance at
continuation schools of all minors em
ployed by virtue or employment cer
tificates.
Connecticut, Iowa, Minnesota, Ne
braska, Oregon, Texas and West Vir
ginia joined the fifteen states which
previously provided compensation for
injured workmen, making twenty-two
suites, or nearly half of those in the
Union, which have adopted this type
of legislation within three years. By
a liberal Interpretation of their com
pensation laws .Massachusetts and
Michigan are at present paying limit
ed benefits to the victims of industrial
diseases also. A bill to supersede the
present inadequate compensation law
for federal
employees
disabled by ac
cident or disease was introduced in
congress by Senator Kern, but has not
yet been acted on.
Ohio and Texas are this year added
to the twenty-four states and the fed
eral government, which have limited
hours on public work to eight a day
Declaring that longer work tends to
prevent the worker from acquiring the
intelligence necessary to make him a
useful citizen. Oregon limited factory
hours to ten a day. and several other
states restricted hours In peculiarly
hazardous callings. Laws demanding
one day's rest tn seven for industrial
workers were adopted In Massachu
setts and New York.
Three states provided for free em
ployment offices, while five states took
action toward remedying the abuses
frequently connected with private em
ployment agencies. Illinois appoint
ed a commission to study the subject.
The experimental Massachusetts
minimum wage law of 1012. applying
to women and children, was followed
this year by similar action in eight
more states In Colorado, Minnesota
Nebraska and Washington the mini
mum wage commissions may fix also
standards of working conditions, while
in California, Oregon and Wisconsin
they have additional authority over
hours. Utah established minimum
wage rates in the law Itself. Arizona
and Colorado established an eight hour
day for women. Montana and Idaho
a nine hour day and Delaware and
Texas a ten hour day, while night
work was prohibited or limited in sev
eral states, including New York, Ne
braska and Pennsylvania.
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THE HUMAN FACTOR.
Organized labor believes that
true scientific management is
that which reduces the cost of
production by eliminating use
less labor, which improves the
facilities for doing work by sur
rounding the workmen with
good light, pure air. sanitary
conditions and safeguarding ma
chinery. It is a system of man
agement under which care will
be taken to prevent workmen
from overstrain as well as to
provide that their output shall
reach an adequate standard and
which will afford ample oppor
tunity for the fullest develop
ment of mechanical and manual
skill on the part of all work
men. It is a system under
which terms and conditions of
employment will be governed
by agreements entered into by
employers and their workmen
as a collective body. And, final
ly, it is a form of management
which will never allow quality
to be sacrificed for quantity nor
meu. women and children to be
classified with machines. The
equity right of human flesh and
blood must be recognized by
any system that would endure.
-J. P. Frey.
COMPENSATION PUZZLES.
Difficulties That the Massachusetts!
Board Is Trying to Solve.
Because workmen's compensation
laws are new in this country it is not
surprising that some defects have been
found in them. Illinois fouud it ad
visable to amend the law this suite I
somewhat at the last session of the I
legislature in order to make the act
more workable. So it is not surprisim
that a tangle has been encountered in
the administration of the Massachu
setts compensation act. This is dis
cussed by a writer in the Dodge Idea:
"The industrial accident board of
Massachusetts, which has iu charge I
the matter of payments under the
workmen's compensation act, is at
tempting to adjust difficulties which
have arisen In the operatiou of the
law as to the remuneration of doctors
and surgeons for services rendered in
connection with industrial accidents
The question is considered one of
much Importance to owuers. Under
the act they must pay surgeons' aud
hospital for the fourteeu days
following an accident. After that pe
riod they begin to pay compensation
based upon the previous earnings of
the injured person, but cease to pay
for care. In something over S3 per
cent of the accidents the workman was
incapacitated for less than the four
teen days. In fact, the average cost
to the employer is and probably will
be less for actual compensation than
for the surgical and hospital treat
ment.
"Physicians and hospitals are nat
urally quite unwilling to consider this
class of patients as eligible to the
charity list. The insurance companies
agree that the stfind wholly a inst
one.
"The industrial accident hoard
cently Invited a number of represeuta
tlve physicians to meet with the mem-|
bers in conference. The result was a
frank discussion of these conditions
and the appointment of a strong com
mittee of physicians, headed by Dr.
Frederick Cotton, a prominent Bos
ton practitioner, which proposes to in
vestigate the whole subject
"The Massachusetts law
Mobilized Woman's Labor.
Warning sent out by the YoungI
Women's Christian association of San
Francisco that the number of youngl
women flocking to that city in expec-|
tation of employment through or
the Panama exposition has become|
alarmingly In excess of the demand
interesting mainly as an evidence o:
the newly developed mobility of worn
an's labor. It Is. however, a novelty
to find women setting forth from hom
to journey thousands of miles acros
the continent on a bare hope of get
ting employment at better wages tha.
at home.
Whatever good or evil there may hi
in this acquired ease of mobilization
among women workers is a necessary
accompaniment of the economic emai
clpation of women which is so distil)
guisliing a feature of recent industry
life. The young girl of today does nc
stay at home and wait for a man
make a home and send for her.—New
York World.
Miners For Shorter Day.
Resolutions were passed at the inter
national miners' congress in favor of a
maximum working day of eight hours
for all miners, of an obligatory rest of
sixteen hours between shifts and of
a maximum day of six hours for those
who work in hot or wet places.
v i
Wealth of Detail.
Former Covornor Proctor Knott of
Kentucky used to tell a story of a na
tive who appeared as a witness in*a
mountain murder trial where Knott
was an attorney. The mountaineer
took the stand, chewing tobacco, and
gave his name, his age and his place
of residence. Then one of the lawyers
asked him to describe his first meeting
with a certain person who figured in
the case.
"Well." drawled the native, "he rid
through our place a-straddle of a dun
colored critter a-blowin' of a fox hunt
in' horn and a-wearin' of a bearskin
overcoat, and hit was hot weather. I
axed him if the critter he were a-ridin'
were a geldin' or a 'riginal. which he
'lowed it were and driv on."—Saturday
Evening Post.
Musical .Tones In Architecture.
It has long been believed that each
of the mammoth buildings of the
world will vibrate in response to some
special musical tone. Architects be
lieve they have found the tones for
such i liio i.. -iurc^ ].• cathe
dral at "i»: s -. Noire Inline iu Par if
and St. Pant's tn London. Certainly it
is true that each of these buildings re
turns to the ear of the listener that
one tone mn ii-ified »h-
i
i
i
i
4
provi.
that during the first two weeks alter
an injury the liability insurance com
pany—either the one established by
the state or one of the private compa
nies—has the right to elect by what
doctor and at what hospital the pa
tient shall be treated. The industrial
accident board has let down the bars.
In co-operation with the private com
panies and against their better judg
ment, apparently, the injured man is
now permitted to select his own phy
sician. The result in mauy cases has
been such as to demand action. Where
the insurance people protest against
bills they consider exorbitant the in
dustrial accident board passes judg
ment. Fees are limited to $5 a visit.
The aim has been to have Injured men
and women seek their family physi
cians, who would charge the same fee
as if the cases were wholly In private
practice."
330 East 5th St.
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1
The
hted to
a surpri^iuj extent n rollary
statement that this keynote, it sound
ed long enough and with sufficient
force, would bring disaster has never
been proved.—Christian Ilerald.
Meet him at
ifjolzheiws
j. 2: less 4. 1#
Cor. Front and
Merchants' Dinner
A. A A. JL. -A- A. A A A -A- A
Hiffh
Served every Dav
i Lunch Counter Connected
p^y-^^r
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TRADE UNION BRIEFS.
Textile workers of Fall River are
igitatlng for an Increase of wages.
The work of organizing the 45.000
Jewelry workers in the United States
will be pushed this winter.
The Labor temple In New York city
has established an employment league
to provide jobs for the jobless.
Several Philadelphia employers of
labor ii.iv. i..-en convicted of employ
ing s 1 under sixteen years of
age.
Efforts k re being made by the Cen
tral Labor union at Akron. O., to se
cure sufficient funds for the erection of
a labor temple.
In the Marshes.
"What makes you stand on one foot
and move your shoulders in that way?"
asked the snipe.
n-v'.ied the crane, "there's no
i• ii i u i* •, learning to sing, so I'm
piwti'-ii-.• t., -.p if a
classic s:
i tiiuDi£ Utdlers in
Dry Goods, Carpets, Cloaks, €tueenswar«
Millinery. House Furnishings
tToss-Holbrock Stamps with
all Onsh Pr?rehn?er:.
Sts
TRY
The H.H.Jones Service Disinfactors
Used by all the leading Cafes
and Business Houses in the city
No Bad Odors and Perfect San
itation at All Times
I
I
I I
Just Bear In Mind
The Ohio Union Bottled Beer
When you want a good Beer, all who have drank
it are delighted. Nothing but Hops and Malt of
Quality are used in making our
Zunt=Heit, Special Brew and Tannhauser
*5old by all Leading Cafes in Hamilton
Ohio Union Brewing Co.
Cincinnati, Ohio
READ THE PRESS
K-l
As*-
,1
$1.00 PEE YEAB
Matrimony!
:iian vli.i-.- vitv makes
often to limit burglars
!i" is going to let her get a
arrv a night watchman.
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