The Butler County press. [volume], March 20, 1914, Image 1

About The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946

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VOL. XIII. NO. 49
JACK JOWETT'S BRAVE RACE.
It Saved Jefferson and the Virginit
Assembly From Capture by Tarle
ton's Dragoons and Gave General
Washington Valuable Information.
Most of the Revolutionary heroes
have been immortalized in song or
story, but there is one whose fume has
never spread, us it should, beyond the
region of his birth. His name was
Jack Jowett. In the little city of
Charlottesville. Va., there is u tablet
on the building that stands on {lie sile
of his old tavern. But that simple
bronze is the only memorial of his
HAnie and deeds.
In Revolutionary days young Jack
Jowett kept the Swan tavern in Char
lottesville. He was a patriot at a time
when patriotism was dangerous, for
Cornwallis was in possession of tide
water Virginia, and Tarieton and his
Cavalry were sweeping back and forth
over the inland counties.
In June. 1781. the Virginia assembly
abandoned Richmond, which Cornwai
11s threatened, ana came to sit in Chnr
lottesville. Among its members were
sttch men as Patrick Henry. Richard
Henry Lee and Benjamin Harrison,
and the governor was no other than
Thomas Jefferson. One bright morn
ing when the state assembly was in
session Jack mounted his thoroughbred
mare and rode out to look over his
farm outside the town. As he rode
along he caught through the trees a
glimpse of a British uniform flashing
down a crossroad. He put his horse
over the low stone wall and confront
ed the rider. It was one of Tarleton's
troopers.
With a big pistol pointed at his head,
the Englishman thought it wise vo
obey Jack's command to turn in at the
gate of a nearby house and change
clothing with him. Under threat of
death the soldier divulged the fact that
Tarieton was in the vicinity. Jowett
at once galloped away in search of the
enemy. The day passed without re
sult. and Jack stopped at an *inn to
take a few hours' rest.
In the night he heard the tramp of
horses and, looking out of his window,
saw that the yard was full of British
soldiers, led by Tarieton himself. The
troopers entered the tavern and sat
down to drink and talk, quite uncon
scious that an enemy was on the stair
above listening to every word. From
their conversation Jowett learned
that Tarieton commanded an advance
guard that was halting to wait for the
rest of the troop. Then they planned
to dash on to Charlottesville and cap
ture the Virginia assembly.
Jack Jowett set out at once iu the
cool of the dawn. Once he was chased
by some troopers who trotted in from
the pike that crossed his path, but his
bay mare soon outpaced theirs. Like
the wind he raced through lanes, over
low stone fences, up the side of the
hill to beautiful Monticello, the home
Of Governor Jefferson. He warned
Jefferson of the approach of the Brit
ish, and then, with a fresh horse, h*
dashed down the steep mountain road
into Charlottesville. Rushing into the
hall where the assembly was in ses
sion, he called to the members to flee,
for Tarleton's dragoons would soon be
at their heels. In a few moments the
hall was empty, and the members
Were on their way across the moun
tains to Staunton, where they would
be safe from pursuit.
A DARING PATRIOT
FEATS OF A. LITTLE KNUWN HERO OF REVOLUTIONARY TIMES-
Jack rode on to his tavern, but found
there a wounded officer of the Conti
nental army—General Stevens. He
dressed the sick man in a suit of his
own clothes, carried him downstairs
and put him on the fresh horse, with
bags of corn iu front and behind—the
very picture of an old farmer going to
the mill. Side by side Jowett and Ste
vens rode out of town, which by 10
o'clock was in the possession of Tarle
ton's men. Pausing as he reached the
top of a hill. Jack saw his own tavern
in flames.
The British, who had reason to sus
pect the young man in a uniform, set
ont in chase of him. but Jack's horse
was again too speedy for them, and he
got safely away to Washington with
the news that Tarieton was no longer
acting in support of Cornwallis—a bit
of information that was of the great
est value to the commander of the
Continental army.
To .Tack Jowett's quick wit and dar
ing the author of the Declaration of
Independence and many another hardly
less famous patriot owed their liberty
fthd perhaps their escape from a trai
tor's death upon the scaffold.—Youth's
Companion.
A Marshal's Retort.
It is on record that the Prince of Or
ange, filled with rage because he ha 3
been beaten at Fleurus, Leuze, Stein
kerque and Nerwinds. alluding to the
Marshal of Luxembourg:
"Can It be that I shall never beat that
hunchback
"How does he know that I am a
hunchback?" said the French marshal
"He never saw my back I always saw
tote."
Have not the cloak to make when
begins to rftln.-~0!d Bayl«f,
V ft K
isr
PHYSICAL COURAGE.
At 2 e'Clock In t*i» Morning Is the
Time to Test It.
It is at 2 o'clock in the morning thai
man's vitality is at ius lowest -tb al'
the physical forces are then rt their
lowest ebb. and every military man of
experience knows that the
"2
o'clock
courage" counts. He knows that if a
soldier is really lnave at that hour he
need never fear j§ his becoming a
coward, as be is le.uly a remarkable
man.
A well fed man will tight better than
a half starved num. whether he be
civilian or soldier. And this is the
same principle as the so called "2
o'clock bravery." for the half starved
man lacks vitality, just .as the average
man lacks vitality at 2 o'clock in the
morning.
If you are anxious to know just how
brave you are make the test some
morning at 2, when you hear burglars
in your house. If you crawl under the
bedclothes you are probably quite a
normal man, but If you rise boldly
from your bed. grasp the nearest
weapon and sally forth to meet the
robbers you are Indeed a brave man
and should be proud of yourself.
Any veteran of some great war will
tell you that the most difficult test of
courage is to be aroused from his sleep
by the shrill blast of bugle and long
roll of drums and ordered to charge an
enemy unseen or only dimly seen at 2
o'clock in the morning. Marching into
battle under the bright sunlight is not
so difficult, and the seasoned veteran
enjoys the thrill, but even the most
hardened veteran feels "creepy" and
uneasy turning out at 2 o'clock in the
morning to meet the enemy amid the
shadows of night, and this is solely
because of a natural physical weak
ness at that hour and has nothing
whatever to do with that mental weak
ness called "cowardice."—New York
American.
LIFE ON HOLLAND'S CANALS.
Where Spring Cleaning Is the Stule Ail
the Year Round.
I think one may see barges and ca
nal boats in greater variety at Rotter
dam than anywhere else. One curious
thing to be noticed as they lie at rest
in the canals is the absence of men.
A woman is always there, her husband
only rarely. The only visible captain
is the fussy, shrewish little dog which,
suspicious of the whole world, patrols
the boat from stem to stern and warns
you that it is against the law even to
look at his property^ I hope his bite is
not equal to his bark.
Every barge has its name. English
suburban villas have not a greater va
riety of fantastic names than the canal
craft of Holland, nor with all our mo
nopoly of the word "home" does the
English suburban villa suggest more
compact coziness than one catches
gleams of through their cabin win
dows or down their companions.
Spring cleaning goes on here, as in
the Dutch houses, all the year round,
and the domiciliary part of the vessels
is spotless. Every bulwark has a
washing tray that can be fixed or de
tached in a moment. "It's a fine day.
let us kill something," says the Eng
lishman "Here's an odd moment, let
us wash something." says the Dutch
vrouw.
In some of the Rotterdam canals the
barges are so packed that they lie
touching each other, with their bur
gees flying all in the same direction, as
the vanes of St. Sepulchre's in Hoi
born cannot do. How they ever get
disentangled again and proceed on
their free way to their distant homes
is a mystery. But in the shipping
world incredible things can happen at
night—From "A Wanderer In Hol
land," by E. V. Lucas.
The Chrysanthemum.
It Is believed that the first specimen
of the chrysanthemum known to have
been grown In England—perhaps in
Europe—was reared at the Botanic
gardens, Chelsea, in 1764. and the
flower's rise into popular favor in the
nineteenth century was chiefly due to
the good work done by the Stoke New
ington Chrysanthemum society. This
society held its first exhibition of blos
soms in 1840, and served not only as a
model for all similar associations, but
also as a school of chrysanthemum
culture for the whole world.—London
Graphic.
Too Talented.
"Where is that barber who used to
have the end chair?" asked the cus
tomer.
"We had to let him go," replied the
boss. "He had too much talent."
"Whaddy ya mean—talent?" asked
the customer.
"He got so he illustrated his stories
with cuts when he was shaving peo
ple," explained the boss.—Cincinnati
Enquirer.
Handing Her One.
Kitty—Jack told me last night that I
was the prettiest girl he'd ever seen.
Ethel—Oh, that's nothing. He said the
same to me a year ago. Kitty—1 know
that, but as one grows older one's taste
Improves, you know.—Boston Tran
tcript.
NATION'S HANTS
Must Not Be Sacrificed
on
the
Altar of Greed
FEDERAL CHILD LABOR LAW.
Ten Years' War Shows the Pressing
Need For National as Well as 8tate
Law—"State Rights Cannot Justify
Children's Wrongs."
OWEN R. LOVEJOY in 8urvsy.
A few months ago Justice McKenna,
speaking for the supreme court of the
United States, said, "It must be kept
in mind that we are one people and the
powers reserved to the states and those
conferred on the nation are adapted to
be exercised, whether Independently or
concurrently, to promote the general
welfare, material and moral."
In the Interest of this general wel
fare, both material and moral, the na
tional chiid labor committee has been
leading forces for ten years to abol
ish the inhuman abuses of child labor.
If the uewspaper publicity and de
nunciation from the pulpit and plat
form could cure this evil it would al
ready have disappeared. Unfortunate
ly child labor is not a sectional abuse.
It exists wherever Industries are of a
nature to make it immediately profit
able to the employer. Those who op
pose child labor iu the abstract are of
ten quite as vigorous in favoring or
condoning it iu the concrete.
When it has come to the real issue—
the attempt to get effective state laws
enacted—almost insuperable difficul
ties have been encountered. The in
dustries affected have always opposed
these measures on the ground that such
laws would handicap them in competi
tion with other states. This objection
has always been unfounded, because
child labor is the most extravagant
and wasteful kind of labor. Advanced
laws enacted in New York, Massachu
setts and Ohio have been due to the in
telligence of the people rather than to
their virtue. The results of such leg
islation have always proved its eco
nomic wisdom.
When fairly good laws have been
secured in a given state the people of
that state are helpless to protect them
selves from purchasing goods produced
by exploiters of young children in
neighboring states and shipped into lo
cal markets. The states are therefore
powerless except by Improbable joint
and simultaneous action effectively to
prohibit child labor.
The national child labor committee
has become convinced that the only
way in which the evil can be banished
from America is by striking at the
privilege the exploiters of child labor
enjoy through the facilities offered by
Interstate commerce. The forces op
posed to child labor now call upon the
federal government to forbid such fa
cilities to these unfair taskmasters.
There are those who contend that
the federal government is incompetent
to do this, who look upon our republic
as a political expression of the New
toulan theory a mechanism controlled
by system of checks and balances
This theory has never bet?n sound as
applied to government. It is prefera
ble to accept the position so strikingly
annunciated by President Wilson in
his look. "The New F'reedom"—"To In
terpret the constitution of the United
States according to the Darwinian
principle, that a nation is a
living thing and not a machine." With
this point of view the abuse of child
labor may be approached in the
terms
expr«*s4ed by Justice Harlan of the
Unitei States supreme court in the
case of Champion versus Ames. He
said, "We should hesitate long before
adjudging that an evil of such appall
ing character, carried on through In
terstate commerce, cannot be met and
crushed by the only power competent
to that end."
A bill carefully drawn, forbidding
the privileges of interstate commerce
to manufacturing establishments In
which children under fourteen years of
age are employed or in which children
under sixteen are compelled to work
more than eight bourse a day or during
the night or to mines and quarries in
which children under sixteen are em
ployed at any time, was presented to
a number of prominent lawyers and to
state and federal officials conversant
with the custom and practice in these
matters and finally placed In the hands
of Hon. A. Mitchell Palmer of Penn
sylvania, who introduced the bill in
the house of representatives, and of
Senator Robert L. Owen of Oklahoma,
who introduced the bill in the senate.
Already a number of state and na
tional organizations have given the
measure their indorsement, testifying
to their belief in the principle so em
phatically stated by Abraham Lincoln
that "the Union is older than the
states." It is gratifying to record that
the state child labor committee first to
indorse this bill met under the shad
ow of the capitol of the old Confed
eracy in Richmond, Va., and by unan
imous vote indorsing the bill struck a
blow at what President Wilson has ap
propriately caljed "that ancient doc
trine" of state rights.
The bill provides for a board com
posed of the secretary of commerce,
the secretary of labor and the attorney
general, who shall draft all rules and
regulations, and gives power to the
secretary of labor to make any neces
sary investigations. The plan of ad
ministration links the federal govern
ment with state officials and also pro
vides that any factory inspector, school
attendance officer or any other person
may briug to the district attorney any
fvidsncs of violations.
LABOR IN CHAINS,
Denial of Right to Organize Would
Rivet Shackles.
THE BARTLETT-BACON BILL
Refusal of Congress to Exempt Organ
ized Labor From Prosecution Under
Sherman Law Would Have Dire Ef
feots—Human Progress Menaced.
Urging the necessity of the passage
of the Bartlett-Bacon bill now pending
in congress, which aims to relieve la
bor from trust classification through
court classification, Samuel G-ompers
says:
Without further delay the citizens
of the United States must decide
whether they wish to outlaw organ
ized labor. Only a few months ago
the officials of the United Mine Work
ers were indicted under the Sherman
anti-trust law because they helped the
miners of West Virginia to break the
shackles by which the mining compa
nies held them helpless objects of ex
ploitation.
The mine operators forced the con
stituted authorities of the state to do
their bidding. The miners could ap
peal to no one for justice. Their only
defense lay in their ability to enforce
their rights through their united or
ganized power. To strip them of that
defense is the purpose of the litiga
tion begun by the indictment charg
ing that organization with restraint of
trade. These same officers of the Unit
ed Mine Workers have again been in
dicted under the same anti-trust law
because they are helping the miners
of Colorado to resist tyranny.
The "indicted" officers of the min
ers are—call it "conspiring," if you
please—engaged in an effort to rid the
state of Colorado of government by
mine guards in order to re-establish
civil government, government by law.
The federal grand jury's indictment
charges the officers of the miners' or
ganization with establishing a monopo
ly of mine labor in the United States
and Canada and with organizing a
conspiracy to restrain Interstate com
merce.
The law of the laud assures to work
ers the right to organize. All who have
any knowledge of the world of Indus
try concede that without organization
the wageworkers are helpless victims
of the industrial forces that are seek
ing their own self interest.
Practical men of business refuse to
deal with a weak union, for its agree
ments would have neither advantage
nor force but. as a matter of course,
they recognize and deal with strong
unions and adjust their business to
conform to the new situation. It fol
lows. then, that control of all the work
ers in a trade increases the success and
efficiency of the organization in secur
ing better terms for a greater number
of workers and in turn protects the
fair employer from competition with
producers who care not how they grind
their employees so long as they also
grind out profits.
The right to organize is a sham, a
trick, a deceit, unless it carries, with it
the right to organize effectively and
the right to use that organized power
to further the iuterests of the workers.
This implied right must be assured. If
it Is alleged that acts in themselves
criminal or unlawful are committed in
endeavors to effect organization or to
secure the benefits of organization, let
those acts be dealt with under process
of law. But in the name of free labor,
in the name of free government and
free society let the right to organise
never for one Instant be menaced or
withheld. That right is the founda
tion upon which all else is builded.
Why is it that our laws may be per
verted and interpreted to prevent those
who toil from doing things necessary
for their protection and betterment?
Why is it that men of wealth may
with Impunity break laws whose mean
lng is plain and unmistakable?
The workers of Colorado are making
a fight for the right to organize, for
wages that will permit of decent stand
ards of living, for the right to order
their own lives and to spend their
earnings for their own betterment.
They are fighting for the right to fair
trial, for the right of protection by the
laws of state and nation and for gov
ernment free and uutrammeled by or
ganized selfish interests.
The menace which threatens the
mine workers is the common danger of
the whole labor movement. Those
workers happen to be the chosen vic
tims. Others have already experienced
the same injustice. Many others may
be made victims at the whim or desire
of any employer.
Must 8ay 8trike Is On.
At the request of the Central Fed
era ted union of New York city. Sena
tor Boylan has introduced a bill regu
lating advertisements and solicitations
for employees during strikes and
lockouts. The bill was drawn by
Frank X. Sullivan, attorney for the
central body, and provides that any
advertisements for workers during
strikes or lockouts shall contain these
facts Another section provides tnat
when a worker seeks employment in
a factory where a strike or lockout is
on. the management shall state such
facts to the applicant In his language
or native tongue The bill is Intended
to end the practice
BUTLER COUNTY PRESS
HAMILTON, OHIO, FRIDAY, MARCH 20 1914.
so
common among
certain manufacturers of inducing
workers to come to strike localities.
TO UNION MEN.
Union men of America, do you
realize that at any time your
home, your savings, may be
levied upon if your organization
has attained any degree of suc
cess? Do you realize that you
and the officers of your organiza
tion may be imprisoned for dar
ing to defend and to promote
your welfare and for the exer
cise of normal activities to in
crease the power and efficiency
of your union? Have you com
pared your condition with that of
the unorganized so that you real
ize what will be the effect of de
priving you of the right to or
ganize?
When you have seriously con
sidered these questions you will
realize the Imperative necessity
that devolves upon all men and
women who labor—the necessity
of securing amendment to the
Sherman antitrust law that
clearly and specifically prevents
the application of that law to the
voluntary organization of the
workers the unions. Samuel
Gompers.
WORKINGMEN'S BANKS.
Plan to Aid Toilers to 8ecure Loans
Based on Character.
A number of America's rich men, ac
cording to the dispatches, including
Julius Rosenwald, Andrew Carnegie
and Vincent As'or. are contemplating
the establishment of a number of
banking institutions to aid men with
out the necessary credit for borrowing
at ordinary banks.
There are a number of institutions
of this kind in Europe where credit is
based on character. The capital back
of the movement is said to be almost
unlimited. The plan contemplates a
central institution, with hundreds of
similar institutions all over the coun
try controlled by the central institu
tion. It is interesting to know the
scheme has been tried in other coun
tries and it works well. It Is said that
there are nearly 16,000 such institu
tions in Germany.
The object is to aid workers and
small business men who find it almost
impossible to get loans at regular
banks. It is a combination of busi
ness and philanthropy. The rates will
be as low as possible, yet the institu
tions will be run so as to pay the
stockholders 0 per cent interest—but
no more—as soon as the profits exceed
6 per cent, then the interest to borrow
ers is to be reduced. The plan is
unique in the history of American phi
lanthropy.
CAR MEN GET RAISE.
Indianapolis Street Railway Workers
Win Victory.
The public utilities commission of
Indiana has granted an increase of
wages to street car men of Indianapo
lis. Other provisions provide that no
worker shall be discriminated against
because of his union affiliation, that all
runs must be completed within ten
hours and that each man in the car
service shall have at least one Sunday
in each month off duty. Wages per
hour range from 21 cents for the first
year to 27 cents after five years' serv
ice. The old rates were 20 cents and
25 cents. All employees who are not
engaged in the car service are granted
a 5 per cent increase.
Future grievances are to be referred
to a board of arbitration. The decision
is binding for three years from Nov. 8.
1013. when the men returned to work.
The strike resulted in calling out the
state militia and the killing of several
men. After much feeling was devel
oped an agreement was reached Nov.
7 last whereby the men returned to
work, and the matter was referred to
the public utilities commission of the
state.
Railway Insures Employees.
J. D. Callery. president of the Pitts
burgh Railways company, recently an
nounced that the corporation had tak
en out a blanket life insurance policy
covering every employee from presi
dent to office boy who has been in the
maintenance of way, barns and shops,
overhead lines and substations depart
ments for more than a year. The en
tire general office force and the month
ly employees of the transportation de
partment are also included. Payment
to the family of a deceased employee
who served the two years will be one
year's wages, and for the one year
men half a year's- wages, payable
monthly. No monthly payment 1s to
exceed $200.
A Social Awakening.
It has become quite common of late
to hear officials of corporations talk of
human welfare more and of business
less wherever they come together for
self instruction. While discussing
prices and processes and the ways of
beating competitors, they are also con
sidering social welfare, vocational edu
cation and the problem of Americaniz
ing the immigrant, is it possible that
social consciousness is being awakened
by industrial conditions made public by
the great contests between capital and
labor in various coal mining districts
and in the Michigan copper country?
Hours of Labor In Henry IV.'s Time.
An English statute, made by Henry
IV. In the early part of the fifteenth
century, fixed the legal hours of the
country laborers from 5 o'clock in the
morning until 7 o'clock in the evening
from March until September, but from
September until the following March
they were only to work from "the
springing of the day until the night of
the same day
BENEFITS OF UNIONISM.
Inoreased Wages Bring Moral and In
tellectual Improvement.
The material benefits which have
come to the miners as a result of
trade union effort are not all represent
ed by the increased wages received for
mining a ton of coal. In the year 1896
the average production of the bitumi
nous coal miners of the United States
was 2.94 tons per man per working
day in the year 1901 the average pro
duction of the bituminous coal miners
of the United States was 3.68 tons per
man per working day. In 189G ten
hours was the length of the working
day. whereas in 1912 the eight hour
day prevailed. It will thus be seen
that the income of the bituminous coal
miners has increased much more than
Is represented by the advance in the
schedule of rates for mining coal.
But. what is more Important, these
Increased wages and shorter hours of
labor have wrought a tremendous
change In the intellectual and moral as
well as in the physical lives of the
mine workers. They are no longer, as
they once were, a poverty stricken,
hopeless, despairing people. They are
men—men whose outlook upon life is
that of hope, of cheer, of intelligent,
constructive discontent. And the ex
perience of the miners is typical of
that of all workmen.
Low wages, long hours, evil condl
tions of emnlovment— the inevitable
ii
iKoizbger's
330 East 5th St.
Cor. Front and Hieti Sts.
I Merchants' Dinner
3 Served every Day
Lunch Counter Connected
results of unrestricted competition or
labor—mean the degradation of the
workers, the abandonment of hope, a
deadening of the finer senses, the sur
vival of the strongest, the destruction
of the laboring classes.-John Mitchell
In Atlantic Monthly.
Cells For Four Slayers.
MI
have tried to find something some
where in mitigation of your act. If
the jury had found your plea of self
defense true it would have been a
travesty on justice," said Judge Flan
nigan at Houghton. Mich., in sentenc
ing four detectives employed by the
Waddell-Mahon strike breaking agency
to the penitentiary for killing Steve
Putrich. James Cooper, Arthur Davis
and William Groff, three of the detec
tives, must serve a minimum of seven
years or a maximum of fifteen years,
with a recommended maximum of fif
teen years. The jury refused clemency
in these cases. The fourth member of
the band, Edwin Polkinghorne. receiv
ed the same maximum and minimum,
but the ju»y recommended that the
maximum be twelve years Instead of
fifteen. The killing of Putrich was the
result of high handed methods of those
guards, who had been Unported into
that section by the copper mine own
Know the true value of time snatch
seize and enjoy every moment of it
Lord Chesterfield
HoibrocH Bros.
Reliable Dealers in
Dry Goods, Carpets, Cloaks, Glueenswar#
Millinery. House Furnishings
oss-Holbrock Stamps with
all Cash Purchases.
-A AAAAJkAAA &
Meet him at
TRV
I lie H.H. Jones Service Disinfectors
Used by all the leading Cafes
and Business Houses in the city
No Bad Odors and Perfect San
itation at All Times
-4
Just Bear In Mind
The Ohio Union Bottled Beer
When you want a good Beer, all who have drank
it are delighted. Nothing but Hops and Malt of
Quality are used in making «ur
Zunt-Heit, Special Brew aod Tan n ha user
£Sold by all Leading Cafes in Hamilton
Ohio Union Brewing Co.
Cincinnati Ohio
READ THE PRE5S
-m
4 «n
y v v v v v v w A
5
$1.00 PER TEAR
,-.U