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MILITIAMEN CALLED CRUEL Machine Guns Trained on Camp Occu pied by Women and Children—Holes 8cooped In Earth For Sh«lt«r^=Four teen Killed In a Tent. Two women, Mrs. Pearl Jolly and Mrs. Mary H. Thomas, representing the Colorado miners, narrated their ex periences in the "reign of terror" at Ludlow before the federal commission on industrial relations, sitting in New York. The two women were introduced by Miss Melinda Scott, president of the Women's Trade Union league. As she asked for permission for them to tell their story Chairman Walsh and some of the other commissioners seemed tak en aback and were not inclined to as sent. However. Mrs. J. Borden Harri man asserted her rights. "As representing the women and children of the nation on this commis sion," she said. "I move that the com mission hear the story of these women. I may add that this morning i received a telegram from Miss Jane Addams requesting that they be heard." That settled it, and Mrs. Pearl Jolly, twenty-one years old, wife of a miner, took the stand to tell how the strike began on Sept. 24. and it was soon evi dent to the miners there would be trou ble with the mine guards. "We didn't want trouble." Mrs. Jolly said. "Two shots were tired by the guard, and we began to dig pits for the women and children. Then the mili tia came and we welcomed them. We got two brass bands for them. We danced with them, and they had their meals with us. But soon things began to change." Mrs. Jolly described how the mine colony was searched for arms and how the bare floors were chopped up In the search for arms and ammunition. One Sunday morning, she said, the miners' families were forbidden with oaths to go to the postofflce. and in December, with deep snow on the ground, they were ordered to leave their tents When one woman with a sick baby in slated on going back a revolver was placed against her head, with the threat that she would be shot. Describing the tiring. Mrs. Jolly told how the members were warned of it on Easter as they were chaffing some of the militia at a baseball game. VSome say we had f00. some say 700, rifles in the camp," she said. "We had only forty, if we had had 100 there would not have beeu so many dead women and children. On the Monday morning they came and demanded Louis Kikas, our leader. They had then to our knowledge machine guns trained on the camp, and lvikas, fear ing they would shoot at the tents, ran toward them waving a white handker chief. We wanted the men to go to the hills to draw away the fire from the women and children. There were 60 many mothers and women expecting to become mothers that, my God, gen tlemen, we couldn't run away." Mrs. Jolly told how the men crept away on their stomachs, and as the shots began to fall among the tents the women began desperately to scoop out holes in which to hide their children Qnly four men were left in the camp, but that made no difference, and the women who could not find holes to crawl into had to lie flat upon the ground. "I got desperate," Mrs. Jolly went on. "I pinned red crosses over my white dress and walked out. I wanted to intercede, but all I got was a bullet through the heel of my shoe and had to seek cover." As Mrs. Jolly told of insults offered to the women after the shooting and how. after escaping in the dark, she had returned with a Red Cross party to find dead in one tent eleven chil dren, two women and a six-months-old baby. Commissioner Lennon was in tears. The testimony of this witness was concluded with a tribute to the Greeks. "Had it not been for them," she said "we should not have been here now During all the trouble I never heard a profane word from one of them." Mrs. Mary Hannah Thomas, the Welsh wife of a miner, was called to the stand. After telling of her stand ing in her own home she described her journey from Ludlow to Trinidad. "When we reached the tent colony,' she said, "and I saw the militia and the guards I determined to go on to Trinidad with tuy three children. As we got to Trinidad I was arrested, and when I asked why a gun was pointed at my head. 1 was scared to death, as I had never seen a. gun before 1 came to America." Mrs. Thomas was locked up for elev «D days, she said, and when she asked the reason General Chase ordered her held as a military prisoner. She talked to her husband, and the guards told them they had orders to listen to the ionversation. "but," Mrs. Thomas add id, with a ghost of a smile, "we let ||iem hear all. we said, for we talked 4ply in Welsh." "I want to say that the cruelties and Insults practiced by the militia were terrible," the witness added. "They Have left their odious memory there. /JJv S U i ?^..^j..!^n^*. v» ^...ri%'- _•»* REIGN OF TERROR WIVES UP MINERS TELL STORY OF COLORADO STRIKE HORRORS. CHILD LABOR AND HEALTH. Juvenile Work Responsible For an Un due Amount of Tuberculosis. The University of Vienna has estab lished a chair of social mediciue. A" industrial hygiene is the most impor tant branch of this subject. Professor Teleky. the head of the department, early became interested in tuberculosis as an industrial disease, and logically was led to study the effects of differ ent occupations on wage earning-.chil dren with a predisposition to this dis ease. He found that in Germany as well as in Austria there is an uuduly high tuberculosis rate among youth ful wage earners. Kayserling lias shown that while in Berlin the tuber culosis death rate for all the later years of life has fallen since 1900. no diminution lias been found in the death rate for children of wage earning age. Von Pirquet attributes the rise in the tuberculosis morbidity rate during the years between fifteen and twenty to overstrain and undernutrition in ap prenticeship life. Commenting on the results of inves tigation made in this connection, the Journal of the American Medical as sociation says: "Teleky has shown that sickness in creases among children who leave school for work. The Increase during the first year of work is not great, but in the second and third years it is pro nounced, and in the fourth year is higher than the first. 'Realizing that the choice of occupa tion should be made during school life and with the advice of teacher and doctor, Teleky. with the co-operation of other physicians, opened a consulta tlon clinic for school children and their parents, in which advice was given as to the occupation for which the child was fitted. "He found that disease .in" working children not only by improper condi tions of labor—heat, dust, insufficient light stagnant air—but also by the work itself, the physical overstrain placed on an underdeveloped organism which'should have its energies con served for growth. After studying the problem at first hand and seeing all efforts to prevent the disastrous effect of labor on underdeveloped children fail Teleky finds no remedy save the raising of the age limit for employ ment. The age of sixteen, he thinks, is early enough for children to enter industrial work, and even at sixteen the transition from school life to in dustrlal life should not be too abrupt. He agrees with Kaup that for the youth under eighteen the workday should be limited to ten hours, includ ing time for three meals, with each week at least three half holidays for study and sport, and each year a two weeks' vacation. "The importance of such investiga tions is that child labor, by lowering resistance in the child, may favor the development of tuberculosis in chil dren." ONLY FOOLS FIGHT. Arbitration Offers Most Economical Way to Settle Disputes. Take the chip off your shoulder. One of the surest evidences that this is a time of great progress is that we are beginning to dig out with great zest from the trunks in our garrets the old fashioned, dust covered principles that used to keep us mighty happy be fore we began to get prosperous. The package labeled "Arbitrate." for instance. The meanest human being likes to pride himself on his sense of fairness It is a fundamental and primitive prin ciple. It was not until somebody got unjust and unfair that wars and tight ers and disagreements started. It has always been true that those who "talk ed It over" in the open soon had tilings settled and all went back to work. Arbitrate means to weigh and divide —that is. weigh the dispute and di vide the blame and then forget the dispute. Fools always fight. Wise people al ways arbitrate. Because to fight is to waste, and to arbitrate is to save. Sometimes it is money saved, some times human beings, but always char ^cter, whether the dispute is between you or somebody else or between a dozen nations. Arbitrate. Always arbitrate. It al ways pays to arbitrate. Here's something important. Dis putes can never be wffhout individual consent If every person concerned— If you—refuse to fight, and the other or others take your "cue." it has to be —arbitrate. If people would only just think before they became ready to dis pute they would not dispute. Try out this suggestion yourself. Take the chip off your shoulder.— George Matthew Adams in San Fran clsco Labor Clarion. HiS Esultin. "Why do people think he's a genius? Nobody can understand what he's talk •ng about." "No. but he can make people believe that he does."—Exchange. It SUre Is! Isn't ft strange that with a wortfl full of perfect babies there are no l^erfeet men and women?—Woman's Home Companion, BUTLF •r VOL. XIV. NO. 17. HAMILTON, OHIO, FRIDAY, AUGUST 7, 1914. WARSHIP BUNTING It Takes a Lot of Flags to Fit Out Uncle Sam's Navy. USE COLORS OF ALL NATIONS. Eaeh of the Big Vessels Carries About Five Hundred Ensigns of Various Kinds and Sizes—Severe Tests to Which the Material Is Subjected. Something like $80,000 a year is re quired to keep Uncle Sam's many naval yessels properly equipped with flags, ^n addition most every other depart ment of the government appropriates various sums for flags for buildings and ships under its control. In all. It is safe to say the United States spends $125,000 a year for flags. The largest factory belongs to the navy. In a large room, called the "flag loft," at Brooklyn navy yard half a hundred skilled needlewomen and quite a few men are kept constantly at work. Officially it is the naval flag making es ta I is in ent. Thousands of flags are required to supply the hundreds of vessels, from battleships to launches. On entering the flag loft the visitor's first impres sion is a blaze of color. Rolls of bright bunting are heaped everywhere. Long lines of electrically driven sewing ma chines, with women operators, are reel ing off and putting the finishing touches to American and foreign ensigns of many different hues and sizes. In addi tion to our own flag, the navy has to keep a supply of every other nation in the world which has a coast line. Each battleship, cruiser, gunboat or scout in the navy requires about 500 flags to outfit its flag locker properly. Heaped up. they make a pile shoulder high and twenty or twenty-five feet long. The foreign flags, incased in can vas bags, bear the name of the coun try stenciled on the end. The remain der, including flags for ordinary use signaling, etc., are wrapped without bags and numbered at the end. Each flag has its separate place in the flag locker. A quartermaster would be re buked severely if one became mis placed. Each ship follows the same or der in this, so that any one familiar with the flag locker on one ship knows the location of every flag on any ship. Uncle Sam pays about $3,500 to outfit each ship in the service. This multi plied by the number of ships will show that flags are not an inconsequential item of naval expense. 1*he foreign ensigns are all made twenty-five feet long and thirteen feet wide. They are used whenever an American warship enters a port of another nation. The flag of the visited nation is hoisted at the top of the foremast while the American ship salutes. It is also hoist ed when returning salutes of foreign vessels in American ports. The most showy and expensive flags in the lot are those of foreign nations although the United States has two flags that are close rivals, the flagR of the president and vice president. They require the longest time to make of any flags. It takes one woman a month to finish each one. The president's flag is a blue ground with the coat of arms of the United States in the cen ter. The life sized eagle with out stretched wings and other emblems are all hand embroidered in silk. The silk used costs $9 a pound. The vice presi dent's flag is the coat of arms on a field of white. Both flags are made in two sizes, 10 by 14 feet and 3 by 5 feet. The larger is used on ships and the smaller on launches and similar craft The largest flag made Is the United States ensign No. 1, which is 36 by 19 feet. It costs $40. The bunting used in flag making is put to severe tests before the flag mak ers use it. One day a sample bundle is washed in soap and water. The next day the same process is followed with salt water. It is then exposed to the weather for ten days, thirty hours of which must be in the bright sun. If it doesn't fade in that test the govern ment experts pass it. Then two Inches wide of the warp is subject to a pull ing strain of sixty-five pounds. Even with all those precautions a ship is al lowed a new set of flags every three years, while the signal flags and ship and boat ensigns in frequent use must be replaced every few weeks. One flag or pennant, rather, most used by the navy and least known to the public is the commission pennant It is hoisted to the masthead of every naval vessel when It goes into commis sion and Is never removed. It is long, narrow streamer, blue at the Btaff, with thirteen stars in the field arranged in one line, and the flag di vlded into two stripes, red and white jlhe red at the top. \yhen ships 'ong pn foreign stations leave for home a new commission pennant is always hoisted. Usually It is one made and paid for by the crew. In some cases those "homeward bounders" stretch out 300 feet and. made of silk/ cost a pretty penny. The thousands of white stars used in our own and many other ensigns are made by an electrically driven ma chine which cuts them in fifty or a hundred lots. Eight different sizes of •tars are used.—Kansas City Star. Superfluity. "You never admit having made a mistake!" "What's the use?" asked Senator Sor ghuru. "When I make a mistake there are always plenty of people to talk about It without my joining in."— Washington Star. There is no greater grief than in mis ery to turn our thoughts back to hap* Bier times.—Dante. A PEEP ATMEXiCO The Country's Area Now and What it Was Originally. HAS LOST A VAST TERRITORY. Nearly a Million 8quar« Miles of its Land Have Been Added to the United 8tates—Still a Big Country, Though, and Has an Enormous Coast Line. It is interesting to note that the area of Mexico is practically as great as that of the United States between the Mis sissippi river and the Atlantic coast, the great lakes and the gulf of Mexico, varying in altitude from sea level to 18,000 feet. Its climate is affected by these elevations und by a range of eighteen degrees of latitude. Twelve hundred miles is the distance traversed in passing south from Juarez, on the northern boundary, to the capital, and 900 miles more to the southeastern boundary. The gulf of Mexico and Caribbean sea coast line extends for 1,700 miles, while the Pacific ocean and gulf of California-touch 4,000 miles of Mexican coast. Prior to 1830 Mexico, as a Spanish colony, and the United States covered approximately equal areas, but the Texas secession and the result of the Mexican war added nearly a million square miles to our territory, and the extent of Mexico now is less than one fourth that of continental United States. Mexico has still territorial ex panse equal to the aggregate of Aus tria-Hungary, Germany. France, Great Britain and Ireland. The total area of the republic, 707.000 square miles, Is less than that of Texas, California, Montana, New Mexico and Arizona combined. The average density of population of Mexico approximates twenty per square mile, the most thickly populated parts, outside of the federal district, being the stites of Tiaxcala and Mex ico, the former being less than Dela ware in size and of about the same density of population and the latter be ing nearly as large as New Hampshire, but with more than twice the number of inhabitants. The federal district, molded after the District of Columbia but of eight times greater «irea. is sur rounded by the state of Mexico, the large population of the capital, 470,000. materially aiding in bringing the aver age to more than 1,200 per square mile. During nearly 300 years subsequent to the conquest by Cortes, Spain domi nated Mexico. A century ago a bold effort for freedom was started, which eventually resulted in the republic of Mexico of today. More than half of the first century of Mexican independ ence was abortive, one coterie after another coming into temporary power and a number of those acclaimed rul ers after brief regimes meeting igno minious death at the hands of the peo pie they sought to govern. The form of government adopted by Mexico follows in general that of the United States, having executive, judi cial and legislative divisions. Each of the twenty-seven states is represented in two houses of congress, composed of senators and deputies. Congress holds two sessions each year for limited pe riods. Each state has its governor and legislature and is subdivided into dis tricts or counties, over each of which a jefe politico is placed, the districts having subsidiary municipalities with magistrates, presiding officials and councils. The so called autocratic fea ture of the government may be largely due to the fact that governors hold of fice with approval of the president, that jefe politicos have similar rela tions with the governors and that the officers of the municipalities are gener ally controlled by the jefe politleos. The church and state are independ ent, and congress cannot pass laws prohibiting or establishing any reli gion. Of the 10.1100,000 inhabitants two-fifths claim direct descent from ancient tribes or families which are accepted as the basis of Mexican his tory, two-fifths are of mixed native and foreign blood, the remainder being classed under the common appellation of "foreign." The City of Mexico, 204 miles by rail west of Vera Cruz and 7,400 feet alti tude, is reached by two rail routes climbing from the hot lands through difficult mountain passes, one of which closely follows the trail taken by Cor tes in 1519, by General Winfield Scott with American troops in 18-17 and over which fifteen years later the invading French troops passed. It is the most populous city. One-half of the railroad mileage of the country is between sea level and 5,000,feet and about an equal amount between 5,000 and 10,000 feet —From National Geographic Society in Washington. Ancient Gold. In olden times gold was obtained Abundantly from the rivers of Asia. The sands of Pactolus, the golden fleece secured by the argonauts, the yellow metal of Ophir, the fable of King Midas, all illustrate the eastern origin of gold. Alexander the Great brought nearly $50^ 000,000 of gold from Persia. Gold also came from Arabia and from the middle of Africa by way of the Nile. Ways of a Woman. -"Let as go into the garden," COUNTY fie said ts the twilight hour approached. "I'm afraid you'll want to sit in the lammock with me and hold my band. "I swear I won't" "Then what's the oaei"—Detroit Free Press. Habit io thr* deepest law ot human oatucfi.—Carlyle. 4,.|. .f..».|.» .|. 4. .|. .|. .|. i».|.».|. •».|. $ DUTY OF UNION MEN. One of the worst features of indifference of union men to their duty to patronize the prod uct of union labor when spend ing their own wages is the ex ample and proof it affords to the merchant of the insincerity of the labor man. Why should any merchant carry union made goods if he knows that 75 per cent of the union members pay no attention to the union label? We mention this percentage by way of Illustration, not meaning to say that there are so few as twenty-five union men in a hun dred that buy union made goods. Tf the figures were reversed, however, and the merchant should realize that he must have union made goods or lose sales to seventy-five in a hundred members of organized labor he would respect that movement and carry more union made goods because of that respect Shoe Workers' Journal. DISASTER RELIEF. Case That Proves Economic Value of Workmen's Compensation. That adequate compensation for in dustrial accidents, when they come sin gly. is justly chargeable to the oper ating cost of an industry has been ac cepted by many business men. but a holocaust is usually regarded as call ing for community charity, for "disas ter relief." Not always, however. On April 23, 1013, an explosion in the Cincinnati mine, located in Washing ton county, Pa., about forty miles south of Pittsburgh, killed ninety-six employees. This mine is operated by the Monongahela Itiver Consolidated Coal and Coke company, a subsidiary of the Pittsburgh Coal company. Within six weeks after the explosion the Pittsburgh Coal company proceed ed to take releases and to settle with the victims' relatives. The basis of settlement was substantially as pro vided in the workmen's compensation bill then pending in the Pennsylvania legislature, but which subsequently failed of passage. Those eligible for compensation were widows and children or, in the ab sence of both of these, fathers and mothers, or, in their absence, brothers and sisters. The compensation was to continue for 300 weeks or in the case of full orphans or abandoned chil dren until such children reached the age of sixteen years. It was to be computed on the basis of the dece dent's average weekly earnings, exclu sive of overtime, and paid periodically as wages were paid. In the event of the remarriage of a widow payments ceased. Lump sum settlements were to be made on the basis of the com pensation discounted one-third. The settlements made under these general provisions have involved ap propriations from $050 to $3,000 per family on the pension plan of payment and from $350 to $1,050 on the lump sum basis. A recent canvass of the families indicates in virtually every in stance a present economic status as favorable as that existing immediately before the explosion.—J. Byron Dea con In Survey. Samuel to the Fore. Do those who attack Samuel Gom pers and others in the labor move ment really think that they are lift ing any burdens from the oppressed or adding one ray of sunshine to any life? When it comes to a scrap the Scraps family have nothing on one Samuel Gompers, who can hand out some chunks of highly peppered vic tuals which will give cramps to those whose lungs seem to be leather goods. —Indianapolis Union. Another Labor Temple. The Labor temple in Bellingham, Wash., is about ready for dedication. The building will represent an invest ment of about $10,000 and will be open ed with only $2,000 of indebtedness. The remarkable feature of the under taking is that on July 1 last year the proposition of building a labor temple was broached without a cent on hand, and the success of the workers in this instance Is inspiring them to greater effort. Labor Unions Growing. Reports showing a gain of 69,756 members of affiliated unions for April, iai4, over April, 1013, have been made public by Secretary Morrison of the American Federation of Labor. The total paid up membership for 1914 was 2.069,157 that of April, 1913, was 1,999,401. •••AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA* 3 NOTES OF LABOR. ^••••••TTVTrtTVVTTTTTTVV* Carpenters of St Paul receive ik cents an hour. The wages of Boston elevator con structors is $5 per day. Paving cutters of Maine-have secur ed an advance of $1 per week after strike. Farmers do not come under the Illi nois workmen's compensation act, ac cording to a decision of the state in dustrlal board. In Chicago the Hebrew baker work Ing at night earns 49 cents an hour while the Scandinavian under the sam conditions earns 28 cents. Houston (Tex.) painters have enter ed into an agreement with the Boss Painters' association. The new rate will be $4.25 per day of eight hours for one year. The following year the rate will be $4.60. YW y**¥ 7 FATHER STUMPED THEM. Test In Mental Arithmetic That Worried the Students. They had a schoolboy and schoolgirl party at a Brooklyn man's house the other night. Father and mother were permitted to mingle with the young folks for awhile after the edge of the first fun had worn off. There were games that the elder folks knew noth ing about, and they sat like wallflow ers. Finally a game of arithmetic was started by a boy who is considered the best cipherer of his class in the high school. After several problems had been given of an odd nature, over which there were much laughing and puzzling, father dared to speak up. Said he: Boys and girls, they used to give us this example in mental arithmetic when 1 went to school. I suppose it will be easy for you, but it's the best I can suggest to tike part in the game." And he recited this couplet: If a third of six were three What would a fourth of twenty be? The score of boys and girls present went at it. They wrinkled their brows, and they pursed their lips. The use of pencil and paper was not permitted. The mathematician bad not been among the first to try an answer. He was plainly a little perplexed He asked to have the problem repeated and wanted father to reassure him Dry V I I I 'u'w: v. kZ3 *t a Cor. Front and Hieh Sis. Merchants' Dinner Lunch [jServed every Day Lunch Counter Connected TRV The H.H.Jones Service Oisinleclors Used by all the leading Cafes and Business Houses in the city No Bad Odors and Perfect San itation at All Times 330 East 5th St. CINCINNATI, SHIS Just Bear In Mind The Ohio Union Bottled Beer When you want a good Beer, all who have drank it are delighted. Nothing but hops and Malt of Quality are used in making our Znflt-Heit, Special Brew and Tannhanser j^Sold by all Leading Cafes in Hamilton Ohio Union Brewing Co. Cincinnati, Ohio READ THE PRESS $1.00 PER TEAR that It was a men tar untameuc exam ple. Finally he, too, gave an answec. But father shook his head. "Well, then, papa, for goodness' sake tell us what it can be." said his daugh ters. "The answer is seven and a half, and I'm surprised to see that I'm able to stump all you high school stars." grin ned father. "Come, mother, we may as well depart They don't play the same arithmetic games that we did." The high school mathematician at first declared that father was in error. But next day he admitted that the an swer was correct and that ail had been stumped.—New York Sun. Ice Peaks of New Zealand. In southern New Zealand the line of perpetual snow is much lower than It is in the Alps of Europe. It varies, of course, in different parts of the range but, generally .speaking, a mountain 12,000 feet in New Zealand carries as much snow and ice as one of 15,000 feet In the Swiss Alps, and New Zea landers point with pride to glaciers comparable to the Aletsch and the Mar de Glace. Just to Prove It. "You have squandered my entire for tune." "Well, before we were married you asked me if I would love you as well If you were poor, and I said I would, nnd I have made you poor to convince yon I told the truth."—Houston Post. HolbrocK Bros. Reliable Dealers in. Goods, Carpets, Cloaks, Queenswar* Millinery. House Furnishings V oss-Holbrock Stamps all Casb Purchases. Meet him at Wi *& 'H ks •'4 S •3 ^4 Co. with s