The Butler County press. [volume], September 29, 1916, Image 1

About The Butler County press. [volume] (Hamilton, Ohio) 1900-1946

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PLACED IN TRUST BONDAGE
Foreigners Who Have Been Lured
Here Under False Pretenses Have
Been Exploited by Large Corpora
tions—Unionism Makes Them Amer
ican in Habit and Spirit.
AMERICANIZING ALIEN WORKERS
PROBLEM IS «#NE THAT MuSl BE MET BY ORGANIZED LABOR
A wholesome feeling of responsibility
was apparent In the citizenship con
vention recently held In Washington
under the auspices of the bureau
of naturalization of the department of
labor. Itecent events have made it ap
parent that there is a very serious na
tional problem involved In the number
of people within our boundaries who in
Spirit at least \re not truly Americans.
This condition is due to many causes,
but principally to the fact that a large
proportion of immigration into our
country has not been a natural move
ment, but has been stimulated by those
who expected to prolit by immigrant
labor or through transportation of im
migrants. Immigrants who are in
duced to come to the United States by
the lure of riches and stories of the
great wealth that abounds here are
vastly different from the aliens who
voluntarily come to our shore in search
of liberty, opportunity, freedom and
justice.
There are immigrants who are lured
to the United States, who are forced
here and held against their will. There
are immigrants who are bluffed and
fooled into believing that they will find
better economic conditions here. When
these aliens are once within tlie United
States, they find themselves in a con
dition of industrial servitude to which
they were strangers in their own coun
try. once caught in the bondage which
our trusts force upon their employees
and conscienceless employers impose
upon those who work for wages, these
aliens are unable to protect themselves
or to return to their former homes.
American capitalists have had hun:
dreds of thousands of foreign born
•workers imported into the United
States? Under the conditions of cm
ployuient many never see a dollar of
American money. They are compelled
to toil inordinately long hours, to re
celve in return for their toil company
script and then to purchase their food
their clothing and all the other ncces
sities of life in company stores, truck
stores, the "pluck me" stores.
Such conditions of employment an
subversive of (he development of the
American spirit of a feeling of loyalty
to this country. It is not reasonable
to expect an intelligent understanding
of American ideals or patriotism amonu
those whose daily lives are filled with
industrial injustice and who meet with
nothing but abuse aud exploitation.
Any serious attempt to Americanize th.
foreign workers who have been crowd
ed into our industrial centers and to
our mining districts must concern itself
also with the problem of Ameiicani'/im
employers, trusts and corporations.
The problem of Americanizing iinnii
grants within this country is funda
mentally a labor problem. It has its
other educational side, nf course, but
that education win 1" no --»d if these
immigrant worker an n-'t get wages
that will enable them to live in decency
and take advantage of opportunities fo
development. The primary problem i
to enable these workers to protect them
selves against the greed of employers
to be insured justice in their relations
with their employers. Enable the met
to get these things, and the rest will
follow inevitably. It is the law of life
that when people are given opportu
nities and are shown the possibilities
of higher things, they will usually
velop and grow into the larger stature.
There has been one agency that has
been working at this problem in a very
practical way. The trade union move
ment has not been idle. The reasons
for trade union activity are both a I
truistlc and defensive.
#Man.v
STOPS EXPLOITATION.
Provided. That no part of the ap
propriations made in this act shall be
available for the salary or pay of any
lifficer, manage.', superintendent, fore
man, or other person having charge of
the work of any employee of the Unit
ed States while making or causing to
be made with a stop watch, or other
time measuring device, a time study
of any job of any such employee be
tween the starting and completion
thereof, or of the movements of any
such employi-f while engaged upon
such works, nor shall any part of the
appropriations made in this act be
available t. any premium or bonus
or cash iw. .-ml to any employee in ad
dition his regular i ji-. except
for suggestions resulting in improve
ments or economy in the operation
any government plant."
These !,i!:s were appro..
secured re. j.
their opposition to
sought to give
scheme the sane! io
efficient producti i
foreign
Immigrants have been brought to this
country to replace workers whose stan
dards of living demanded high wage
aud good conditions. It has been neces
nary to show these foreigners that their
own best interests are closely Identified
with the interests of all other worker
and that they must co-operate for com
mon protection. It is the labor move
ment that has been educating these
people In American standards, their
rights and how to maintain them. Th
trade union movement has been teach
lng them that human lives and human
rights are of greater importance than
exploitation for private profit.
Freedom is not a fact until opportu
nity is given. The trade union move
ment takes the position that our safety
lies in uniting foreign born workers
with native born workers in the com
mon economic movement.
We organize and federate the foreign
ers, we tench them to pool their inter
ests In order that they may gain some
of the economic freedom and political
rights upon which they must depend
for their security. Men and women can
not have liberty or adequate concept
of liberty who work twelve hours a da
for seven days in the week and whose
bodies are insufficiently nourished The
economic movement lays a foundntioi
that makes it possible for the foreign
workers to become American in habit
and In spirit.—American Federatlonlst
.1^1 Xlt:
V-.. r«.~ 7T "-.I ,-,• ti^TjOESRS?
JJCTLER
that have
exploiting
1 e i
O O O O O O O O O o r. o
UNION
the
Fake "Efficiency" Laid Out by
United States Government.
The American Federation of Labor
has achieved a tremendous victory of
farreachlug consequence in protecting
workers in certain trades against a
pernicious system that threatened the
manhood, the independence and the
initiative of the workers of those
trades. Particularly the workers of
the metal trades have felt the impend
ing danger of efforts to fasten upon
them s stems of so-called "scientific
manage nent." These systems are en
deavorii to establish a new standard
for pa.i ing wages, a standard that
would i: icvitably undermine the health
and me itality of workers, for it Is a
standard that aims directly to speed
up workers to the exhaust point and
to instill mechanical habits of work.
In order to protect the lives and
health of workers, congress incorpo
rated into the sundry civil bill and
fortifications bill the following proviso:
arid of
ed by their actual
w-ii-h time meas
neither scientific
Workers, ha v.. pr.
experiences i
uring systems an
nor are they in furtherance of most
effective production. The workers are
not opposed to the methods or de\ i
that facilitate production, but they ar
opposed to methods that dehum miz
the workers.
The so called scientific efficiency sys
tems that have been thus far proposed
are neither scientific nor efficient. The
workers are In favor of methods that
will enable them to become more ef
fective, intelligent, resourceful partic
ipators in produ i--n. Such methods
must necessarily be educational in na
ture.
The labor movement declares that
effort to t'onioi,. production in quality
as well as quantity must have as its
primary consideration the develop
ment of the creative power of the hu
man agents. The principle that is con
talned in the provisos to these four
legislative measures must later be en
acted into specific provisions of ena--t
ed law American Federationist.
TELEGRAPHERS GET RAISE.
Federal Arbitrators Grant Increase of
From 8 to 10 Per Cent.
Increases n alary of from 8 t.» lit
per cent have been granted to the tele
graph operators of the New York Oen
tral railroad and the New York, Chi
cago and St. Louis railroad in the
award filed in the United States dis
trict court of New York by the federal
board of arbitration, which was select
ed to settle the labor dispute between
the railroads and the Brotherhood of
Railroad Telegraphers which for a
time threatened to precipitate a seri
ous strike.
Those who will benefit include ap
proximately 3,200 telegraphers, tower
men, station agents and telephoners
These men, It is said, are getting un
der the old salary scale an average of
$69 a month.
The findings are final, as both the
telegraphers and the railroads waived
all right to appeal. The changes went
into effect immediately upon the filing
of the award.
Important concessions also are made
to the employees in the way of vaca
tions of from seven to ten days, with
full pay and extra pay for Sundays
Although the decree all told is regard
ed a victory for the wire men. It did
not grant all the requests of the teleg
raphers. Their demands that they be
relieved from work which they did not
consider, in the strict line of their du
ties or that if required to do such work
they receive extra pay for it were
denied.
Humbled Arrogance
"That did me more good than a.iy
thin? that has happened in a loag
time."
"What did?"
"The Green's new car broke down
right in front of our house, and I had
the pleasure of sitting in our front
window aud watching Green and his
whole family work for an hour trying
to get it (Started again."—Detroit Free
Press.
O
o O O
o
Pri iLOo'OPHY.
O
O
T?he World is i'vii 1 of thosi' who O
Wish to re for a !.er people ae- O
cording to their o a {ileus. O
Singularly e i :.ai. those who O
wish to remake oth peaplo do O
not relish the idea of having o
other people remodel them. o
Each person seems to have an O
Idea that he wants to bo boss of O
o his own affairs and of those of o
others as well. o
We will make distinct progress o
O if we have it distinctly under- o
O stood that each individual or o
O group has lis own rights that O
others tire bound to respect. O
In respecting the rights of oth- O
ers we will find the fullest en- o
O joynient of our own rights and o
liberties. o
o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
THE RIGHT TO WORK.
An Intolerable Decision by the Su
preme Court of Massachusetts.
By ROBERT M. LA FOLLKTTE, senator
from Wisconsin.
The supreme court of Massachusetts
recently decided in the case of John
Bognl et al. versus Giovanni Ferotti et
al. that tlie right to v-ork "is property.
It is as much property as the
more obvious forms of goods and mer
chandise. stocks and bonds."
Thus the highest court of one of the
thirteen original states holds that labor
Is property. The state that led in the
movement to write the principle of
equality into the fundamental law of
the land now makes denial of (lie in
trinsic doctrine of the Declaration of
Independence.
Tlie right to
The
(.,|
by both
houses of ..ingress 111 have been
signed by the president.
proviso is included in i 'h
arm v bills. Thus he w
a
•K'lU
lle'V
The same
naval and
kers have
ir.\al
for
work i the right to
"In the sweat of
eat bread.'
Labor cai
live.
th-
face ^hall thou
n i
be property unless men
are proper! it is the exercise of pow
er. The I'n!.\ way to possess labor is
to possess men. That means slavery.
Th struggle of the Christian world
has been to make men free and to keep
them free.
doctrine that labor is property
was asserted as a di. nun by
the
.su­
preme court of III,. I iiited States in the
hatters' ca Ii wa- abhorrent to the
essential ideals of American liberty. A
wave of proteM -wept the country.
There nr««o an
in-i ten'
demand for
the
ci inin: i -ia'ethat
should
disti,!
i-'i i
i from prop
erty. v ork merchandise
and eomu: "!j .: 1 should de
fine and (V v e t:i v i: tt««i of
labor on i1 e toM),d it ion
v
of
hnnian
freedom.
So the cont ros the United States
in enacting the .i i n law specifically
declared that labor ..s not a commodity
or article of commerce that to labor or
employ labor shall not be held to be a
property right, but a per-..i, ii right,
aud so on.
This principle was made a part of
the statutory law of many states, in
cluding Massachusetts. But tlie recent
decision of that: court nullifies the prin
ciple and holds the statute unconstitu
tional. Docs any one fail to under
stand the effect of this decision—the
supreme power lodged in big business,
the crushing blow dealt labor?
Massachusetts is not the only state
concerned. Other cases will be speed
ily brought to test similar statutes en
acted In other states as well as section
0 of the Clayton
act.
If the Massa­
chusetts decision that labor is property
Is followed by the other states and by
the supreme court of the United States
it means virtual slavery for the wage
earners.
The thought is intolerable. The de
cision will not stand. It must not be
come a precedent. The American peo
ple will not submit to the yoke.
AN AGENCY FOR GOOD.
Labor Movement Works Persistently
For Uplift of Mankind.
Of all the agencies for good and the
betterment of the human race there 1s
none that gives greater returns, indi
vidually and collectively, than the la
bor movement. It works silently, per
sisteutly and unceasingly for the good
of the people both in and out of its
ranks.
Its authority breeds and Instills tem
perance in all things, educates its mem
bers to the knowledge of things good
and wise. Its influence, like oil poured
on water, spreads to everything within
Its reach, and it works twenty-four
hours per day for the uplift of the
human family. It gives hope where
despair was rampant it gives freedom
where slavery prevailed. Its potential
force knows no limit. It bears the
burdens and gives a breathing spac
where strangulation' held sway. It is
a champion of justice and protects
against wrong. In short, it is th
greatest missionary institution under
the sun. Who would deny it? No one
can with any degree of
o o o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
success
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
HIGHER WAGES.
o
Double the wages of every o
wage earner and there comes o
into the home of that worker not o
only nn educational force but o
the means to realize higher o
staudards of life that are re- o
vealed. Higher wages mean bet- o
ter houses, better sanitary condi- o
tions, more wholesome food, bet- o
ter clothing, the satisfaction of a o
greater number of natural wants, o
physical and social. Better health o
and better lives are the inevita- o
ble concomitants. o
o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o 9
.0
o o
m-t
?OL. XVI. NO 24. HAMILTON, OHIO, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 29,1916. $1.00 PER YEAR
GIVE LABI DAY
ITS FULL VALUE
Celebration Should Mean Mors
Non-Pleasure Seeking.
REAL PURPOSE OF THE OAK
Its Observance Should Be Marked by
Reviving Devotion to the Cause to
Which It Is Dedicated—Should Be
the Occasion For Strengthening the
Ties That Bind Workers Together.
By SAMUEL
GOMPERS, president
American
of the
Federation
of Labor.
Through the efforts of the labor
movement the first Monday In Septem
ber has been generally set aside as the
distinctively labor day of the year, and
it is now practically a universal holi
day. The purpose of the day Is to
direct general thought toward the
needs and aspirations of the workers
and to afford the workers themselves
time and opportunity to consider those
things which vitally concern them and
the labor organization through which
they are trying to work out their
ideals.
Wherever the workers have been
through some crisis which has stirred
them to particular effort and roused
them to renewed sense of appreciation
of the meaning of the labor movement
the celebration for the day invariably
has a peculiar significance and amuses
deep seated feeling and enthusiasm.
But, as in every other relationship
where there is nothing that has partic
ularly stimulated to activity, there is a
tendency toward a general lethargy in
the celebration of Labor day, and it Is
permitted
to
degenerate
into
a
sort
of
social holiday unmarked v anything
Ustinctively labor.
This Is a serious mistake. Labor day
can have its fullest, value only when
there is associated with tlie celebra
tion of the day effort- all attention
to the purposes and tin a uses of the
labor movement. It should be a day
for renewing devotion to the cause of
labor, for strengthening ties of fra
ternity and for Instilling larger and
broader ideals which lead out to i
wider field of activity and a fn'ier ap
preciation of the
possibilities
of the
labor movement.
A Labor day proper\v Hebrated does
much for the organized labor move
ment and gives thnt movement a pub
licity that can rarely be secured in
any other way. When the holiday is dis
tinctlvely labor, labor news and labor
doings necessarily have first place in
all daily papers. The greater the effort
of the labor movement to place em
phasis and prominence upon the do
ings and activity of labor, the greater
will be the publicity we gain and con
sequently there will result better
understanding of the power and possi
bilities of the labor movement—an un
derstanding :li:t an be utilized for
practical during the whole
year.
It is theref .: _od that every cen
tral bod} i, e mntry plan for a
distinctively hi! elebration on the
coming Labor day. There ought to be
a parade that K! itvet the attention
of the whole ton:, the cause of labor,
which is the cane of humanity, and in
addition a general gathering of the
workers of the community to listen to
labor addresses.
The labor movement has made tre
mendous progress during the past year.
On this coming Labor day we ought to
make known the story of that progress
to the whole nation and plan for great
er constructive work during the next
year. There are no limitations to the
work of the labor movement,
no
lim­
itations to its power to bring better
ment Into the lives of tlie workers of
this country or to establish mutually
helpful relations with the workers of
all other countries.
The labor movement, of the United
States has reason to be proud of its
achievements and to be gratified at the
work that has been done for humanity
aud civilization during the past year
Let us express this progress In an ade
quate way on Sept. 4.
Street Car Men Get Raise.
After weeks of conference and nego
tlations a committee of the Cincinnati
Street Car Men's union secured a con
tract from the traction company, whic!
was later accepted by the union. Tlu
agreement, which will continue fhm
years, raises the minimum wage rati
to 23 cents an hour the first year and
24 cents the second and third years.
The old minimum was 20 cents. The
maximum wage will be 30 cents for the
three years against 27 cents under the
old contracts.
00000000000000000000000000
1 LABOR NOTES.
o o
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo
The Carpenters' International union
comprises S.*»0 locals with a combined
membership of 197.000.
The Molders' International union has
a membership of 50,000 in 957 locals.
The United Mine Workers of Ajiici
ica has a total membership of 2"f3,209
in 2.(518 local unions.
Railway Postal Clerks' International
union has a membership of 2,731.
Laundry Workers' International un
ion had a membership of 4,300 at last
report.
Painters and Decorators' Internation
al union comprises 957 locals, with a
total membership of 81,579..
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
o o
O LABOR FORWARD. O
O O
O Let us concentrate our efforts O
O to organize all the forces of wage O
O labor and within the ranks con- o
O test fairly and ojtenly for the dlf- o
O ferent views which may be en- o
tertalned upon the different steps o
O to be taken to move the grand o
O army of labor onward and for- o
0 ward. In no organization on o
O earth Is there such toleration, so o
O great scope and so free a forum o
O as Inside the ranks of the Ameri- o
O can Federation of Labor, and no- o
o where is there such a fair oppor- o
O tunlty afforded for the advocacy O
O of a new or brighter thought.— o
o Gompers. o
o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
CARMEN WIN VICTORY.
Right to Organize Conceded to New
York Street Railway Workers.
Following are the main concessions
granted by the New York Hallways
company and Third Avenue company
to the street railway workers of New
York city after a strike:
The employees have the legal and
moral right to organize, and the com
pany pledges that It will not Inter
fere with the employees In their exer
cising these rights to organize, either
by intimidation, coercion or discharge,
nor shall employees undertake to Inter
fere with other employees in their ex
ercising of their rights to decline to
organize, either by intimidation or co
ercion.
The company will receive and treat
with a committee of the employees
upon any and all questions that may
arise between them, this committee to
select such spokesmen or advisers as
they may choose to represent them
without any objection on the part of
the company, and the company will in
no way interfere with the selection of
the committee of employees. It being
understood that If the committee shall
select to rej»resent It the officers or
other representatives of any particular
organization their appearance on be
half of the committee shall not be
deemed to be a recognition on the part
of the company of the organizations of
which they are the officers or repre
sentatives.
That the question of wages and
working conditions between the em
ployees and the company shall be tak
en up by and through a committee of
the employees with the officials of the
company on a date to be agreed upon
between them, such date not to be
later than tjie 3Hh day of August.
191 fi.
FOR SHORTER WORKDAY.
Gompers Defends Railroad Workers In
Their Eight Hour Demand.
Samuel
Gompers,
president of the
American Federation of Labor, recent
ly announced that all the unions of the
country will stand behind the railroad
workers in their fight for an eight hour
day and other concessions.
"The shorter workday is a condition
of work which makes possible improve
ments In other ways," said Gompers.
"The shorter workday transforms
workers who have daily worked a long
period of time Into different individ
uals physically, mentally and socially.
'The railroad brotherhoods have pre
sented a straight demand for an eight
hour day and In order to enforce that
regulation have associated with the de
maud penalties for overtime that would
make managers careful in Indiscrim
inately prolonging hours.
"The demand Is one not subject
compromise. Members of the rail rot.
brotherhoods instructed their
repre­
sentatives to make this an uneonc::
tlonal demand. When the represeu
atives of the railroads refused to agr
to the eight hour day and aimed to
cloud the Issue by compromises and
introduce modifying conditions the con
ference came to an end.
"The real purpose of these demani
was disclosed when the spokesman
the railroads urged the brotherhood
to abandon their plans while congre
and the commission considered and
termined the' affairs of the men.
other words, the railroads wanted to
deprive the men of the benefits of or
ganization, wanted to reduce them to
the ranks of the unorganized In order
to dominate them as they dominate
their employees who are unorganized
Toronto Plumbers Get Raise.
Beginning July 1 the new scale of
the Toronto Plumbers' union took ef
feet. The maximum Is 47Va cents pier
hour, an increase of 2% cents. On
July 1, 1917, another 2*4 cents
also conceded by employers.
Increase
will be granted, making the minimum
50 cents an hour. The union shop
serted thnt the walkout Is already
is
The Prudential Strike.
Leaders ef the agents' strike against
th« Prudepdal Insurance company
as­
so
widespread as to cripple the company
seriously In New York city and vicinity.
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo
o o
LABOR BRIEFS.
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo
The strike of 4,300 packing house
employees in East St. Louis resulted
In a victory for the workers.
Miners In the Wilkesbarre coal dis
trict have refused to work with non
union workers.
A child born after the death of its
father by Industrial accident is entitled
to compensation in Pennsylvania.
Elevon hundred striking street sweep
ers and teamsters have been discharged
In Pittsburgh because they demanded
better working conditions.
JACKSON'S INAUGURATION.
Unwelcomed by Adams, but the People
Made Things Pretty Lively.
It was on Feb. 11, the day the elec
toral votes were counted, that Jackson
arrived In Washington and took up his
residence at Gadsby's, an inn famous
in stage coaching days. He declined
to call upon President Adams, imply
ing that he could not bring himself to
touch the hand of a man who had at
tained office through unworthy means.
He busied himself with the office seek
ers, who rushed to Washington in in
credible numbers, likewise avoiding
Adams to flock around the power that
was to be. Adams, resenting this
breach of etiquette, took no official or
social notice of Ills successor and left
the city on the 3d of March, neither
he nor any member of his cabinet re
maining to welcome Jackson to office.
On the morning of March 4 those
fortunate to secure a commanding po
sition on Capitol hill looked down upon
Pennsylvania avenue alive with carts
and carriages full of women and chil
dren, their male escorts walking be
side them. At last a small company
of men was seen marching compactly
through this crowd up the middle of
the avenue, one tall figure holding his
hat, while the wind played through his
willful gray locks. There was some
thing military in the sight, something
most unmilitary In the rabble of peo
ple shouting themselves hoarse in ac
claim of the spare, erect figure. It
was an expression of popular will and
popular trust that gripped the heart
and sent an ache to the throats even of
those who feared the "Tennessee bar
barian" and his host.
After taking the oath of oi!',.•*
Jack­
son returned to the White House un
horseback, followed Indiscriminately
by white and black, rich and poor,
men, women and children, who swarm
ed over the lawn and through the
rooms of the executi4-" mansion, where
no police provision
!..i
i been made for
such an onslaught The courageous
old warrior was fH 1 that day to do
what he seldom i lie retreated
and sought old quarters
at Gadsby's. nent rumor had
it
that a quanti' china and cut gln^
to the value veral thousand
lars was broio i in an attempt t.
refreshments to the nmltiti:
finally great tubs of pun-is
ried out in front of the 1.
"hogsheads would n-t h.t
enough."—Helen ii ,! ..
BOILING WATER.
It Is Not Always Hot and Sometimes
May Be Barely Heated.
If you scald yourself with the tea
kettle you are apt to think that boiling
water is a pretty hot proposition. But
bolllmr wntt-r is not aiwavs iwvy hot
water, ana rnis is tlie way it Happens.
When water boils ordinarily It Is be
cause great heat has separated the tiny
particles of the water, forcing upward
and outward in lively bubbles the air
which is contained in them. This Is
done in spite of the downward pres
sure of the atmosphere. After the wa
ter has become hot enough to boll It
can get no hotter, because the air es
capes as fast as it is sufficiently heated
to do so.
There are places on the earth where
the pressure of the atmosphere upon
the water Is so slight that It requires
but little heat to push apart the par
ticles aud set free the air bubbles
which are confined in the water, so it
begins to boll before it becomes very
hot. It ought hardly to be called
Washington Star.
Square is the name. Square is our aim
All Suits and Pants made to your
individual order in a
Union Shop
The SquareTailors
106 HIGH STREET
The Ce
Peliabic Dealers in
Dry Goods, Carpets, Cloaks, Gtueensware
Millinery. House Furnishings
Voss-Holbrock Stamps with
all Casb Purchases.
Meet him at
IMORNERS
Gor. Front and Hieli Sis.
Merchanls' Dinner Lunch
Served every Day
Lunch Counter Connected
cold
water, perhaps, but It is certainly far
from being as hot as ordinarily boil
ing water. Tills state of things is
found on all high mountain tops, as the
atmosphere grows weaker and its fires
sure less as one ascends.
A man traveling at a great elevation
in the Andes mountains put some po
tatoes in a pot of water over a hot flre.
The water began to boil almost im
mediately, but the potatoes did not
cook. All the afternoon and all the
night the water bubbled and boiled, but
still the potatoes were not cooked. The
boiling water was not hot enough.
Had His Title All Ready.
Disraeli's first novel affords a curi
ous instance of intelligent anticipation.
Among the host of characters in "Viv
ian Grey," most of them slightly veiled
portraits of celebrities of the day.
Lord Beaconsfield Is one of the most
important In the secondary rank. The
novel was written in 1820, exactly fifty
years before the writer assumed the
title he had Invented. It Is usual for
novelists to portray themselves in their
first book, but no other Instance can be
found of an author christening a char
acter with a name subsequently to be
come his own.—London Spectator.
Sheepskin.
Sheepskin was used as parchment be
fore the invention of paper. Even then
it was a substitute for vellum, which Is
made from calfskin and of a far liner
quality than parchment, aud was em
ployed for tine illuminated work. Tan
ned .sheejvskins are in the trade called
basils. For these there are many legit
imate uses, but it Is for imitation pur
poses that the sheepskin is most large
ly used
Already Knew Some of It.
"Johnny." said the small boy's moth
er,
I
want vdu to stay home all after
noon and learn the Declaration of In
dependence by heart."
"I'll have to if you insist. But the
idea doesn't line tip with my Ideas of
life, liberty and the pursuit of happi
ness
jaa-16- tf