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1% §ni(r m&L* WOMEN'S TRADE UNION C3 NEtU OF TCE ENTERPRISE Increasing Number of Women Enter ing, the Trades Prompted the Move ment—Educational Policy of the In stitution—Methods of Teaching and Variety of the Subjects Taught. The school for active workers in the labor movement conducted by the Na tional Woman's Trade Union league at Chicago grows apace. Opened In January, 1014, with one student, it has devel ped through nearly three years of experience a unique course o* drain ing for leadership in women's tA.de un ion organizations. The ever increas ing number of women entering every trade and the successful social upris ings of the workers in the sweated in dustries emphasize the need of this training, which the league undertook to provide at the Initiative of Mrs. Raymond Rubins, its [(resident. •t* UNIQUE COURSE OF 1 RAININO FOR LABOR LEADHRSH1P jt Mrs. itobins furnished its convention With the background for this action in a report in which she effectively de tailed the movement in England to af ford facilities for self culture and or ganized educational advantages to wagewoikers, beginning with the ef forts of the Itochdaie Co-operative Pio neers and culminating in the co-opera tion between the Workers' Education al association and the universities of England and Wales, tier i©commen dations resulted not only in the estab lishment of this school, but in the adoption of an educational policy for the league. Three classes of students are re ceived into the school- those whom the league asks to leave their trades to take the training to tit them to become organizers, those sent by their own unions or central labor bodies to Im prove their efficiency in working for the organization and those who come at their own initiative and on their own responsibility. The academic work covers four months, the courses including, besides English, public speaking and other necessary preparatory work, the study and analysis of judicial decisions af fecting labor injunctions, boycotts, etc., economic history and the history of organized labor, elementary economics and modern radicalism Some of these courses are taken at toe Chicago School of Civics and philanthropy and the University of Chicago. The eight months of lield work in clude the theory and practice of or ganization, attendance at meetiugs of unions and the Federation of Labor, conferences with their men and worn en leaders, analysis of trade agree ments. writing for the press, study of police court methods and instruction In suffrage and civic duties. Atten tion is given to health, exercise In the gymnasium and regular recreation. An extension department otters eorre spondence courses and public lectures. A group of the students is in ivmiIcih• at Chicago Common Mrs. Robins thus Mutes the .-m huol s motive and enters its plea: "Our days work is in the main dire*'ted to the Immediate aspects and demands of the struggle, but we cannot act wisely nor fully understand the meaning of the hour in which we live unless we keep in mind the underlying cause tor these •conditions and the fundamental prin clples of justice. Today, as yesterday, 'where there is no vision, the people perish.' and today, as yesterday, tin spirit must be born to see the vision, to hold It, to live and die for it. To release and set free this spirit, so that, It may achieve its purpose foretold In the hidden heart of man—to show the path of freedom, to bring hope, faith, courage, to those held in bondage and crushed under the weight of wrong and to give them the message, 'To you, too, has been given the dominion over life'—this is our task. "We therefore ask those who recog nize in today's industrial struggle the challenge of democracy and those who believe that the great heritage of the past in thought and act, In history, science and poetry, belongs to all the people, to help us work out the most effective plan to meet the demands for further educational opportunity of the working women of America."—Survey. CUTS OUT UNION MEN. 8anta Fe Railroad Won't Give Bonus to Members of Brotherhoods. The Santa Fe railroad distributed about $2,750,000 to 2.1,000 employees as Christmas bonuses. In the announce ment President E. P. Ripley says ad ditional compensation equal to 10 per lent of a year's pay would be given to all employees in the service of the rail road system for at least two years, whose annual compensation does not exceed $2,500 and whose compensation ig not paid according to present or for mer contract schedules. The latter provision excludes mem bers of the four brotherhoods, engl neers, firemen, brjkemen and condue tors from participation in the bonuses. Those benefited are for the most part Clerks, operators, agents, trackmen and yardmen who are not affected by the Adamson law. FADS OF LITERARY MEN. A Letter From His Wife Always Made Hawthorne Wash His Hands. Keats liked red pepper on his toast. Dickens was fond of wearing jewelry. Joaquin Miller nailed all his chairs to the wall. Edgar Allan Poe slept with his cat and was inordinately proud of his feet. Daudet wore his eyeglasses when asleep. Tha keray used to lift his hat when ever he passed the house in which he wrote "Vanity Fair." Alexandre Dumas the younger bought a new painting every time he had a new book published. Robert Louis Stevenson's favorite recreation was playing the flute, in or der, as he said, to tune his ideas. Robert Bi owning could not sit still. With the constant shuffling of his feet holes were worn in the carpet. Longfellow enjoyed walking only at sunrise or sunset, as he said his sub limest moods came upon him at these times. Ilawthome always washed his hands before reading a letter from his wife. He delighted in poring over old adver tisements in the newspaper Dies. Oliver Wendell Holmes used to carry a horse chestnut in one pocket and a potato in another to ward off rheuma tism.— Philadelphia Inquirer. ROCK OF GIBRALTAR. The "Key of the Mediterranean" Has Had a Stormy History. England has been in possession of the rocky promontory of Gibraltar since 1704. From that time to this it has been a crown colony under the admin istration of ,i i• ernor. By reason of its imp !!•::tegleal position it is called the "key of the Mediterranean.'' Gibraltar has had a stormy history. In 711 the rock was taken by the Arab chief Tarik, who called it Jebel-al-Tar ilc (Hill of Tariki and built a fortress on the promontory. Part of these ruin^ is still extant. In l.'vfU it was taken by the astilians. only to be recaptured by the Moon j,, It was held by tb in until 1 I'r "imwing the tak ing and sacking of Gibraltar In 1540 by Harbarossa. extensive military works were built there by order of Charles V. In 17«»t 11ie pi'"..mi,Hi"i wits cap tured by a combined force under Sir George Rooke and the Prince of IIes.se Darmstadt, lighting for the Archduke Charles of Austria Tim moment it fell Into their hands iie Uritish admiral threw off the a!5e.ia .• wl-h the Aus trian* and "k ctc possession of the works. British pos i •!, ii, e that time has been unbroke, u ,:i.•:_U it was under a Spanish siege Jor nearly three years and eight mouths, beginning In 177H. Twice the garrison was on the point Of falling be a' M' of tin* st.-it vatnm of its defenders Line and Siafi Officers. Broadly speaking. the distinction be tween a line officer and a staff officer Is that between the fighter and the nonfighter. The staff officer has non military duties. lie may, for example, be a member of the medical rps, an instructor at a military inst lute or have charge some admin strative department of the army or ua\ y. The word is also* used for those en at tache! to the staff of the con niander in chief. A line officer is litera ly that: he is the man in the lield or on a bat tleship to »!». the tunl fighting.—New York Sun. Where Eating Is a Trade. "Maceheroni" eating Is a trade with the street beggar of Italy and appar ently a satisfying one to men and boys gifted with copper interiors immune to heat One of the most familiar cries of the beggar 1b, "Slgnore, dame cinque soldi, tnangia maccheroni!" ("Mister, gimme a nickel for macaroui!") And usually the plea ends with a lugubri ous whine, "Oh, muori di fame!" ("Oh, I am dying of hunger!") National Geographic Magazine. The Difference. He—Of course there's a big differ ence between a botanist and a florist. She—Is there really? He—Yes a botanist is one who knows all about flowers, and a florist Is one who knows all about the price people will pay for them.—Boston Transcript. He Traveled The clock struck 12. "I wish I had enough money to trav el," remarked the young man. "Here's a car ticket." announced her father, making his appearance at that point—Louisville Courier-Journal. His Snarl. "Come on. III ram! Don't yon want to see the ossified man?" "Naw. I kin show you a whole town of 'em."—Kansas City Journal. His Early Struggles. She—Tell me about your early strag gles. He—There's not much to tell. The more I struggled the more the old man laid it on.—Boston Transcript ?QL. XVI. NO 40. HAMILTON, OHIO, FRIDAY, JANUARY 19, 1917. POWER OF RADIUM It May Be the Force Destined His Works In a Sea of Fire. to Destroy the World. TO DIE IN A BURST OF FLAME. This Wonderful Element, It Is Claimed, Will First Emancipate Man and Then Later on Put an End to Him and All If we place a thermometer Into a phial containing a minute quantity of radium bromide it will indicate a tem perature 2.7 degrees hotter than the temperature outside of the phial. What the temperature would be If we substituted radium for radium bromide we have no means of knowing, for sci ence has not as yet produced pure ra dium. although the lay world prefers to think so. Our closest approach to radium so far has been radium bro mide. which if pure consists roughly of three-fifths by weight of the element radium and two-fifths of the element bromine. Turning hack to our thermometer, we also make the discovery that the heat radiated from our speck of radium bromide does not grow less as the days and months—nay, years and centuries— roll by. The mysterious element con tinues to furnish prodigious amounts of energy, with never a let up or at least not until it has "worked" for 2,500 years, this being the present calculated age of radium. In order to better comprehend what this means lot. us com pare it with coal. This is what we flnd: According to Professor Soddy, a gram of pure radium evolves 133 calo ries of heat an hour. In one year 8,700 hoursi the same gram of radium evolves l.HMMMM) calories. In 2,."00 years—the length of rime radium will evolve energy~2.COO.OOO,iOO calories will be developed. Now, one gram of coal when burned evolves 2,200 net calories of heat. Consequently the en ergy developed by radium Is more than a million times that furnished from the combustion of coal. Commercial radium salts are at pres ent obi.ii: ,i i working the Austrian pitchbli n•!• i lately from the Ameri can cartiotite found in ('].e-ado. These are practically (he only unniercial sources known today. But radium U iy |S. mean^ as scarce as most peoi.ii' I ic Helium ema nations have been found in springs, in the air. hi rocks, etc., and this has given rise to an extraordinary theory regarding the evolution of the worlds. When the famous Swiss-Italian Sim plon tunnel was constructed some years ago totally unforeseen circumstances arose which made the work most diffi cult. Although this tunnel is far above sea level, the heat became unendurable as the work progressed. Artificial cool ing had to be resorted to in order to al low the workmen to proceed with their work. Professor .lol.v then made the astounding discovery that the rocks of the Simplon contained radium, which accounted for the unexpected high tem perature within the mountain. From this Jolv has built up a new theory of evolution, and, while revolu tionary in the extreme, it is most plau sible and gains more ndh'erents each year. Lord Kelvin already deduced that If the earth contained only two parts of radium per million million—and a great deal more is actually found In the rocks and crust of our globe—this min ute quantity would raise the tempera ture of the earth's core 1.S00 degrees C. In 100,(MK),fMu) years. There being no escape for the imprisoned heat—the earth's crust being an exceedingly bad heat conductor—Professor Joly con vinces us that as the ages roll by the interior of the earth must become hot ter and hotter. Finally, after the end of millions of millions of years the crust must give way to this tremen dous heat from within and the burst ing earth must go up in flames, becom ing a burning gas hall, iu^t as we see our sun today. This will be the "incandescent age," a title suggested by Professor Soddy. After another ten million years the incandescent earth will have expended all of Its heat Into space by radiation and It gradually will cool. A new crust then begins to form anew. This Is what we see at present on the planets Jupiter and Saturn, worlds just begin nlng to cool nfter emerging from their incandescent nge. Thus we find that worlds do not die. They slowly pass from one stage to another, In a long and interminable cycle. It is more than probable from the above that the earth must have passed many times through this cycle. Probably every time the world went up in flames man was at his highest point of civilization, infinitely further advanced than we are today. In an Instant every living soul had perished, and for millions of years his like wa not to tread again «n the har loned earth crust. This is the new and stealer gospel of radium, the element which will emancipate man and which wUl de stroy him and his all later.—H. Gerns bach in Electrical Expei linenter. •_ One of Jerrold's Retorts. Very tart was Douglas Jerrold's re tort to a would be wit who, having fired off all his stale jokes with no ef feet, exclaimed: "Why, you never laugh when 1 say a good thing!" "Don't I?" said Jerrold. "Only try me with one!" Tou cannot dream yourself into a rharaeter you must hammer and forge yourself one.—James Anthony Froude. GRAFT RULES CHINA. To RefuM to Accept It Would Create a Big Sensation. Why can't China build her own rail roads, dredge her own canals? She has engineers who are no slouches she has limitless material and the cheap est of labor. There are two reasons, sloth, and graft, the outgrowth of sloth. Try to take one of the little steamers that ply from point to point along the coast of China. "Will the boat leave today at the schedule time?" you ask the agents at the pier. Well, no, prob ably not till tomorrow, the courteous Chinese tell you. Tomorrow again there is some delay, and you may hang about for a week before you get off In that steamer. How could such methods build a trunk line from Peking to Can ton, even if the government could float all the bonds in the world? Graft, which permeates all China, from the highest official to the poorest coolie, would make It very difficult for S corporation to live. So many would take bites from the melon! A missionary over here on a visit tells a story of a Chinese boy, educat ed In a mission school, who nearly up set a whole province by refusing graft. Sent on some expedition for the local government, he wa money would be When he returned. "What Is this to "I spent, only given what i!» our ."10 for expenses, ie handed in $50. they asked. »,*' he explained, at to do, and the vlnce sent to see lone what no man wn to do befi re. ly assured that he .$50 because It who kept all tliey ii Simmons in There was a gr governor of the pi this lad, who had had ever been kn But lie was solemt must not return would inortjfv ot could get.—Eleai World Outlook. A MAN WE HAVE FORGOTTEN. Matthew Fontaine Maury, Who Was a Really Great American. Every one who Fulton, certainly heard of S. F. I' Field ought also they Fontaine the case. For heard of Maury glnia. I have have heard Yet Maury's s i heard of Robert :y one who has •rse or Cyrus W. rd of Mat i' that is not an, i had never i "tit to Ylr oys if they \one of them has. researches and accomplishments have had an enor mous effect, not only in this country, but throughout the world. It may be said that Maury laid the foundation for our modern weather bu reau and that the science of meteor ology began with him. He founded the nation.".! nautical observatory and the hydro^raphic office in Washington and discovered, among other things, the cause of the gtdf stream and the existence of that plateau In the north Atlantic ocean which, if I am not mis taken, made possible the laying of the first Atlantic cable. Cyrus W. Field said with reference 'o this, "Maury furnish ed the brains. England the money, and I did the work." Further than this, the charts of the mirth Atlantic which Maury made yearslago are today the basis upon which gated by all natio hat o^ean is navl- I am informed decorated -y nan ments, he v.a a cheap U:' United St.i ml not been k :r.re other tokei —Julian Sti' l'f n nit though he was foreign govern aiven so much as .i! by that of the that his name has iy any memorial or n il' gratitude. '"i!i r~ Weekly. The Cruel Wolf Spider. Ono of the most unnatural things in nature, if tin- qression is allowable, is the man ii- a in which the young of the common \.olf spider treat their mother. After the little eature has laid her eggs she env them In a silken covering. t- i ake a ball about the size ot i i. devour their mother. ami A Bamboo Forest. There are few spots imaginable more beautiful than a Japanese bamboo for est. It is the most lovely in color, the most aristocratic and the best behaved forest In the world. It whispers pleas antly and gently, and the severest winds cannot make it angry. The long, slim bodies of Its trees are useful long after death, for they arc ma-ie into water pipes, canes, s, picture frames, vases, fishing roiiK i".fines flutes, fans, furniture and i Following the Styles. "The average woman sp.-iais most of her time thinking about what wear." "I fear you are mistaken. "Why so?" "She spends most of her time think- |ig about what to wear next."—Bir mingham Age-IIerald. His Time to Talk Jndge—Have you anything to say be fore I pronounce sentence upon you? Prisoner—Yes, judge. I certainly have. But It's dinner time. Let's wait until after we've had it. I have quite a reputation as an after dinner speaker. —Yonkers Statesman. Dangerous Suggestion. "Talk is cheap." "Now, look out and don't be talking Chat way or first thing you know the telephone rates will be going up." Baltimore American. Wben a man sits down and hopes for the befit he 1s npt to get the worst of it Y OUR FLOUR RIOTS When Mob Law Ruled For Awhile In New York City. DURING THE PANIC OF 1837. Short Crops and High Prices Added to the Terrors of the Financial Disaster, and Warehouses Were Wrecked by the Frenzied Populace. The panic of 1837 was one of the most severe this country has ever ex perienced. Owing to the scarcity of money every sort of business received a sudden and severe check. The price of money rose, and none but those with the best security could get it at any terms. The financial suffering was still fur ther aggravated by the scarcity and high price of flour in the eastern cities. The Hessian fly had made such rav ages that the crojs along the Atlantic coast states were almost a complete failure. In certain sections it was rec ommended that the legislature estab lish public granaries for the storage of wheat. Affairs In New York were brought to a crisis by the leaders of the Antl-mo nopoly. Equal Rights or Locofoco par ty, who plastered the walls and fences of the city with a handbill calling a meeting of the pe. -,!,. to he held in the City park. On the appointed afternoon some 5,000 persons, mostly foreigners, gath ered in front of the city nail. Moses Jacques was chosen chairman, but the crowd was quickly parted into groups and addressed by several speakers. Conspicuous among the orators was Alexander Ming, Jr., many times a candidate for city recorder. He closed his harangue by offering a set of reso lutions to be presented to the legisla ture and praying for a law prohibiting the circulation of bank notes under $100. They were adopted, and Ming was carried off on the shoulders of his admirers. Another speaker meanwhile was ad dressing another group of listeners and, carried away by the denunciation of the holders of flour, exclaimed "Fel low citizens, Mr. Hart has now 53,000 barrels of flour in his store. Let us go and offer him ?S a barrel, and if he does not take it"—here somebody touched him on tic shoulder "we shall depart from him in peace." The hint was enough, and his hearers set on In "a body for tlie warehouse of EH Hart & '•., ia w. street. The clerks. the a: a !i ..f the mob, hastened i -h u iiie uours, but one was buist i.d barrels of flour were rolled into 11,.- -treet and opened. Mr. Hart. w i*II a ... now arrived on a re at tacked with sue' .-uuiic* and driv en from the sect rrels of flour and sacks of wheat ntime had been thrown fr i flour in tl« aid tlds she carries about wiiit hei v\ i,erevf»r she goes and will defend it wit: life. When the young are hat they climb on her back, giving s a mon strous appearance, and ride a n until nearly half grown, and ns "dun as they discover their strength ti ey fall to by scores, and the fl a a i i -a !ered up by women *t uuuu-n. A thousand bush' at and 500 barrels of flour -:i i have been destroyed. While th a- thus engaged the cry "Meeci was raised, and a party weni uu toward the East riv er to attack the warehouse of Meech & Co., but stopped on the way and sack ed the warehouse of Herri. a. and destroyed thirty barre In a card r^'bUshed in tue pers Hart v remarked that the im pression ed that they were mo nopolizing :!.•••• a as, i' all wa- ia rty of the miller.-^ ui.a v,«.» utui uuut*r the control of the owners. It was needless to say that the destruction of an arti cle could not tend to reduce !:,• price. Nor did it, for flour at once went up 50 cents a barrel At a second n. the park a few weeks later a i Ing flags iuscril came bear v give us gold or rag money- -a Down with chartered mono) a for prin ciple no monop a v enjoy our liberties or uic in tin- a-t i ch." A carpenter's bench was used for a platform, and mounted on this Ming urged his hearers not to use rag money, which was the foundation of artistoc racy and rnonoi Another speaker advised the crowd to go west in a body, buy land at $1.2.") an acre, found a new state and let the aristocrats build their own houses. This time the artillery paraded, and no disorder occurred. Tlie panic of 1837 passed into history as probably the most severe monetary crisis the country has ever experienced. Banks all over the country failed, and most of the notes in circulation became valueless. Many large business firms also failed, and mills and factories shut down because their products could not be sold. Rich men became poor, and poor people because there was no work *o be had suffered for lack of food. In no place was the panic more keenly felt than in New York, where all the banks suspended May pi. 1337.—I'hiiadelphia Press. A Great Wheel. Laxey, In the Isle of Mat), is the headquarters of the lead mines of the island. It Is celebrated also for its preat wheel, which was erected in 1854. hs diameter is seventy-two feet, and so iplendidly is It set that there is no os eillation, and it has been going prac tically ever since its erection. He Reduced. Willis—I took up golf to reduce. Gll !ls—Did you succeed? Willis—Yes. 1 reduced my bank account, my hours at the office and my reputation for veraci ty.—Puck. Talebearers are just as bad as tale makers.—Sheridan. FASHIONS FIFTY YEARS AGO. When Caps and Aprons Were Worn Even With Evening Gowns. Fifty years or more ago the apron and the breakfast cap According to an were the pride and Joy of every matron, for they were her sign and symbol. The cap of that time was an elaborate and dainty af fair. It was worn with the house dress and often, much trimmed, throughout the afternoon and evening. Aprons, evidently an important feature of ev ery woman's wardrobe in those days, were decidedly fancy, and usefulness was not a strong point In their con struction. old copy of 'rodey's Lady's Book, aprons were made of such materials as black silk and satin and were trimmed with lace and vel vet, with graduated ruffles the silk. Often these ruffles were scalloped. They were also cut in strange shapes, and a final touch was added by sewing on lnce pockets and a few bows. The same old fashioned book i, hitchat on the Fashions For November" says: "Aprons, or simulated apron*, are the folly of the day. They are likely to have as iopular a reign as In the time of Queen Charlotte, when Bean Brtun mel deposed them from their high es tate by deliberately before all the peo ple assembled taking off the apron of a duchess and flinging It behind one of the settees at a ball given at the as sembly rooms at Rath. Aprons were made then, as now, of costliest lace, and enormous sums were at upon this article of dress. The I: uovelty Is a depth of silk not more twelve inches, to whicli Is added nee of lace equally wide, but nan at the sides. Of cour a urne1 tUT ana It fi upoi Mr. Tu urtliage it. nm •. It." "Y. eas, but "Well," come pre] think it seems to traord'aar part ntime give way to lar: is use ful generally and lasts for a con e -Chris tian Science M' WHIM C:: AM ARTIST. a' P.iintirr]. "The ige." a ais great pi 1 arthage" •as io guin All Suits and Pants made to your individual order in a Union Shop The SquareTailors 106 HIGH STREET ^oss-Holbrock Stamps with all Cash Purchases. fvleet him at Cor. Front and Hieh Sis. Merchants' Dinner Lunch Served every Day Lunch Counter Connected $1.00 PER YEAR "Do as you piea«e. After a few days Sir Robert called again upon the great painter. "Mr. Turner," he began, "although I thought it a very extraordinary thing for you to raise your price, I shall Le proud to buy that picture, arid I am prepared to give you the Goo guineas "Ah!" s:iid Turner. "It was '00 guin eas, but today it's 700." Sir Robert grew angry, and Turner laughed. "I was only in fun," he said. "I don't intend to sell the picture at all. It shall be my winding sheet." For years he kept it in his cellar. Then it was brought up and hung in his gallery, where it remained as long as he lived. When he died be left it to the nation Autobiography. The teacher had instructed the chil dren to write their autobiographies. The following was one of the autobi ographies turned in: "I can remember when you got into the back seat of an auto through a lit tle back door instead of side doors. When I was ten was knocked down by a seven passenger machine, but !t did not get over me. Mother has an automobile, and my dog Teddy and I and the rest of the family like to ride in it. Some of these days I am going to own an auto. That is all I know about autobiography."—Indianapolis News. Musical Feat. One of the fastest composers that ever lived was Trot ere, the writer of songs. Some of the composer's feats verge on the marvelous. It Is said, for example, that he actually wrote the score of "In Old Madrid" and hpd dropped it into the letter box within eight minutes of the time he had taken up his pen. This would be remarkable merely as showing his dexterity and agility, to say nothing of the labor of the composition itself. The Cuckoo. In the os the cuckoo was thouglu who took the form of a hire.. a sacrilege to kill hi: ie Rot a- He Was Soured. ex Wig u ng—I can always 1 a married our man when I meet one Henpeckke— Oh, I Spare is (lie name. Sijuare is our aim don't know! You might oc aslon 11 v run across a bachelor with a I- n Philadelphia Record. "t itoiD roc rf bros. Reliable Dealers in Dry Goods, Carpets, Cloaks, Queens-ware Millinery. House Furnishings 1 •. were less supersti- t' I more practical. They caught him, killed him and ate him and heM no bird could be compared with him for swepfness of flesh. The Next ri !i i n "This is the v a. The com- mandlng officer '-a. ar its report "And s -li.aii.f fail o make '"?PJrta "Then i a a, e to make a report."— I.ouisvill rler-Journal nn-16-tf