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r. DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH The More Monty In the Hands of tha Mass of the People the Greater Will Be the Demand For Products—Or ganized Labor Has Done Much to Speed the Progress of Civilization. It's a late day to be arguing about the good the labor unions have done for the American commonwealth. If our civilization has merit it is be cause it is bringing to the many the advantages that once belonged only to a few. A state is neither civilized nor pros perous when all the wealth and ma terial comforts belong to a small aris tocracy, while the mass of the people are prostrate in poverty. As civiliza tion advances the possessions of the common man increase. As these in crease the state becomes .stronger. HIGHER WAGES FOR WORKERS MEAN INCREASE IN INDUSTRY Neither gold nor coal is of value un less it can be used. The problem of civilization has been to provide avenues through which wealth can change hands, in buying and selling, and through which the re sources of the earth can be made of service to mankind. Before a sale can be made there must be a buyer. Before a man can becoiuc a buyer he must have the money with which to buy. Unless he has this money the coal and iron must remain uumined, the cot ton and silks unwoven into cloth be cause there is no demand for them. So the manufacturers of goods and the sellers of goods are confronted with the necessity of placing more money in the hands of the common man, who is the buyer, in order that they themselves may prosper. As a part of civilization they have been working blindly, often unwilling ly and with many blunders, at the task of providing more buyers in the world. But while this slow process has been in motion a new great force has made itself felt. This is the demaud of the commou man himself for the means to buy the products of the manufacturer and the goods of the retailer in order that ho and his family may live in comfort. The worker came to realize thu ha himself had a thing of value to sell a thing of such value that the coal and Iron in the earth, the silk in the cocoon the cotton in I he boll, were worthless without it. This thing of vnlr.e was his labor. So the workers joined together in unions and bartered their labor as thu merchant bartered his goods. Labor before that, had l»een the only thing in the world on which the buyer a I ways fixed the price. The shoe mer chant named the price at which his shoes should sell, the steel manufa turer named the price at which his rails should sell, but the worker, offer Ing his labor in the market, always had to take the price the buyer named With the coming of the unions, labor began to find its place with other com modities of value in the world, and the workers were aMe to bargain over the price at which it should be sold, just as the retailer bargains with the manu facturer. and the manufacturer wit] the producer of raw material. The result of this was that labor brought a higher price. Tle workers had more money to spend. Higher wages for the worker meant that hundreds of thousands of yards of woolens and millions of pounds of manufactured foods and countless tons of building materials were being sold for which there was no demand until the worker got the money to buy them This meant an increase in industry throughout the land. When a few are rich and the rest of mankind is near starvation the manufacturer and the retailer are in a hard way because the amount of their product that a few can use is very limited. When a vast number of men and women are able to buy comforts and luxuries then de mend Is high and prosperity reigns. In the organization of our social and industrial system the producer of raw material—the miner and the grower of crops, the manufacturer, the whole saler, the retailer and the buyer are welded firmly together in a mighty chain of trade. A chain is just as strong as its weak est link and no stronger. The strength en ing of the weaker links means the strengthening of the whole chain. It is in strengthening these weaker links that the labor unions have brought material benefit not only to the worker, but to the manufacturer and merchant and miner, whose prod uct the worker buys. As the worker increases in prosperity the whole nation increases In prosper ity because the wealth of the land which otherwise would lie idle be cause of lack of demand is brought into usefulness. Just so far as the labor unions stic ceed in raising the level of all work «rs the level of welfare of all industry will be raised. The more wealth that Is In the hands of the mass of the people the greater Will be the demand for the products it the earth, and the less wheat and torn and iron and coal and wood will Ite unused and unsold in our land.— Ban Francisco Daily New*. JAPANESE STRATEGY. The Clever Way a Wily Old Warrior Deceived the Enemy. Many a man has failed to guess an easy riddle because the simple solution looked like a trap to him. Here is an Instance in which this trait of human nature was cleverly played upon by a Japanese nobleman. The old lord had been forced to flee with only 300 men before an enemy with 10,000 and barely had time to reach his castle ahead of his foes. There were no re-enforcements near at hand, and he knew that if an attempt was made to storm his defenses he and his men would be dead before help could come. The enemy's forces advanced rapid ly, and scouts rode up near the castle to recommiter. To their amazement, they found the gates, doors and win dows open and all the appearance of a holiday celebration. They rode hasti ly back to inform their master that the foe was dancing and that bands were playing music in the castle. The powerful enemy wis too wise a man to put his head into any such trap as that. The defenders of the castle must have some plan to slaughter his forces by wholesale or they would never invite him in that way. He drew back to a safe distance and en camped to await developments. Soon the re-enl'orcements for the cas tie came up behind, attacked him sud denly and defeated him, while the gar rison, which had risked all on its strat agem, charged him on the oiher side. HER HUSBAND'S CLOSET. And What the Grateful Wife Said and Did When She Saw It. There was once a husband who dreamed of having a closet all his own. He dreamed of a place where he could go at night and find things just the same as they were in the morning. He dreamed of a pla- e in which he did not occupy with his timid little two suits a remote hook, while all the rest of the circumambient space was filled with well, what every husband knows. He dreamed, and he said. "1 will take ad vantage of my wife's absence and hire a carpenter and a locksmith and fix that closet up to suit myself and put on it an impregnable lock and key, and then 1 shall laugh softly and say, 'At last the great day h-- .me And he did it. And when that tiuiit his u i.e cairn home and saw 111-- w tk lim lie l: oi done, she said "Where is that And the husband, tumbling for he was no Bluebeard jio,!wed it forth with. And when --i.e -w i!ie ample space within she i I neck and said* "My darling 'a.- t'».,r i.ew i v.k 1 have bought ih.s d.i\. ai-i i i-i de chine party wiup, i i i 1 Mother Hubbard, mi.! i thougbtfulness has provided for." And the man went out in the garage and hanged his dress suit there -as b« had been wout to do and sighed himself, saying, "(Jood night!"--Life Pronunciation In Ireland. Many persons seem lo see. or to hear, rather, something to be amused at in the soft Irish brogue. As a matter of fact, most of the words of tlie Irish "dialect" are not Irish at all. but the purest of English--English a trilie an tiquated, it is true, but nevertheless the real thing The ears of Milton, Dry den, Spenser and Chaucer would not have been surprised to hear an Irish man speak of "a rough say" or "a clane shirt." At the court of good Queen Bess the cultured Englishman careful ly garnished his conversation with "goolde" rings and brave ''swoordes' and bored his friends with accounts of the smart sayings of the "cbildre" at "Loom." This was the English origi nally imported into Ireland by the cul tured Irish, and the Irish have found It good enough to preserve.—Chicago Tribune. Chinese Names. "We may all be pardoned for giving up the puzzle of Chinese names," says a writer, "and yet this little vocabu lary may help the uewspaper reader through dispatches that come from China King means metropolis Fu, provincial capital Chu. a second class dty Kien, a third class city Kiang, a river Ho, a stream Hai, a lake or sea Tao, island Chan, a mountain Ling, a pass Ta, big Siao, little Kouan. fortress Wei, camp Men, carrier Pel north Nan, south Si, west Chang, up per Pal, white Hei, black Yang, blue Nanking therefore is southern metropo lis Peking northern metropolis. He Passed. During the impaneling of a Jury in Philadelphia the following colloquy en sued between the judge and a tales man: "You are a property holder?" "Yes, sir." "Married or single?" "Married three years last March." "Have you formed or expressed any opinion?" "Not for three years, jour honor New York Tlpiea. BEWITCHED HIS HEARERS. Whan am *s Whitcomb Riley Reoit«d One of His Poems. In his "platform career," during those years when he went about the couutry reading his poems, James Whitcomb Uiley saw with his eyes and heard with his ears what people thought of him. Never any other man stood night after night on the stage or platform to receive such solid roars of applause for the "reading" of poems— and for himself. He did not "read" his poems he did not "recite" them, either. He took his whole body into his hands, as it were, and by his wizard mastery of sugges tion left no James Whitcomb Riley at all upon the stage. Instead the au dience saw and heard whatever the Incomparable comedian wished them to see and hear. He held a literally unmatched power over them for riot ous laughter or for actual copious tears, and no one who ever saw an exhibi tion of that power will forget it—or forget him. There he stood, alone upon the stage, a blond, shortish, whimsical man in evening clothes—a figure with "a whole lot of style." and ii whole lot of its own style too! He offered a deferen tial prefatory sentence or so, then sud denly face and figure altered, seemed to merge completely Into those of a person altogether different from the poet, and not Mr. Uiley. but a Hoosier farm hand, perhaps, or a thin little girl stood before you. "done to the life." Then the voice came, "done to the life," too done to the last half audi ble breath at the end of husky chuckle or wistful sigh Theie was no visible effort on tbe part of the magician. The audience did not strain or worry for him as audiences so often do for those who "entertain' them, because his craft lay not in contortion, but in a glamouring -ugL-.estion that held spec tators rapt and magnetized Nat Goodwin s opinions upon the production of realistic pathos in com edy may be accepted as academic. Mr Goodwin said: "I used to recite 'Good by, Jim*-until I heard Riley do it Then I asked the Lord to forgive me and never tried it again!"—Booth Tar Uington in Collier's Weekly LIGHTING A CATHEDRAL. Simple Y e Spectacular Method at St. Isaac's, In Petrograd. in an article in the Atlantic Monthly describing a midnight mass on Easter eve in St. 1-sa entiledr:i!. petroimid. Warrington I .i son sa: "A sudden blaze of innumerable can dies, hanging high overhead in great chandeliers tore away the gloom and told us that ihe ceremon.v was to be gin At tLic I takievA s k i Sobor match did what a switch or button does elsewhere, save that here the opera tion was as ingenious and initiative as could be devised, instead of being a machine made contrivance scattered by millions over the world. "A waxed string, an end of which hung down within easy reach from the marble paving, ran from one wick to another, then from group to group from chandelier to chandelier, until ail the candles in the cathedral were connected. The match was applied to that string. A spark spitting tiny flame raced up to the first candle and so Bped on its way. an earnest, busy little lamplighter, quick as the snap of a finger, adroit as a monkey and almost unfailing in its success "Among the hundreds 1 saw It reach I counted very few which did not blaze at the touch, and most of these flared an instant and sputtered out, showing that the string's work at least had been done. The general effect, indeed, was as if each wick had been an elec tric bulb, but the whole, instead of lighting when one switch was turned, depended upon a band swept over suc cessive buttons." The Kitchen Floor. A practical way of dealing with the kitchen floor and at the same time economizing labor, is to cover it with a plain, dark colored linoleum, such as red, blue, green or black, and to polish It A shiny surface is easy to sweep up and keep clean, and if polished once a week on the other days it need only be run over with a mop. If treated in this way it will always look nice and will save at least twenty minutes' work a day.—St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Fogs of Peru. Peru has hundreds of square miles along its coast of rainless country. In this tract rain is never known to fall. Yet the region is not entirely barren of vegetation. Some parts of it, indeed, are comparatively fertile. This is due to the extraordinary fogs known as "garuas." They prevail every night from May to October after a summer that is sultry and extend up to a level of 1,200 feet above the sea Above 1,200 feet rain falls. An Eye to Business. "This play is the worst ever I am going to demand my money back "Walt until after the next act. old man. Ten years elapse between acts 1 and 2, and you can demand interest on your money for that length of time Boston Transcript. Mean Thingl May belle—See the beautiful engage ment ring Jack gave me last night Estelle—Gracious! Has that Just got wound to you? Chinese Language. The Chinese language is reckoned to be the most unwieldy and intricate In eTlstepo* TILE BUTLER COUNTY PRESS. VOIa. XVI. NO 44 HAMILTON, OHIO, FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 1917. $1.00 PER YEAR A Military Honor Instituted by a King of France. THE TITLE AN ANCIENT ONE. It Was First Conferred by Philip Au gustus In 1191, at the Time of the Third Crusade—The Baton Is Its Dis tinctive Badge of Office. It is only in France that the military dignity of marshal is a very ancient one. It was King Philip Augustus who first instituted it as a military office In 1191, at the time of the third crusade. St. Louis invested two of his commanders with the rank on the eve of his 111 fated expedition to northern Africa. Francis I. created three, and by the time that Louis XIV. had com pleted his long reign there were no less than twenty of them. Tbe office was abolished by the first republic, but restored by Napoleon I. when he proclaimed himself em peror. He limited the number to six teen. They were known as marshals of the empire. The Bourbon monarchy on its restoration in 1^15 maintained them in office, but changed their title back to that of marshals of France. By the law of 1839, bearing the sign manual of King Louis Philippe, their number was limited to six in time of peace and twelve in time of war. The baton, as provided for by exist ing military regulations in i rance, con sists of a staff about f.\o feet long, an inch and a half in diameter, cover ed with dark blue velvet, flecked with gold stars and tipped at either end with silver gilt, on borders of which are engraM'.l tin- I.ntin words, "Terror belli, deeus paeis." It is car ried in the right hand at all irreat mili tary or state functions and is used In lieu of the for saluting. The baton of tic !i.?ld marshal of Great Britain Is tipped at either end with crowns and lions: those of Germany. Austria and Russia with single headed or double headed In England (he i "y of n. id mar shal was unknown until the reign of George II.. who in bestowed It upon the second Duke of Argyll, one of the greatest commanders and states men of his day and of whom Pope wrote: Argyll, the state's v. hoU' thunder bora to wield And shake alike the senate and the field. The first Duke of Marlborough, the victor of Blenheim, of Ramillies and of Malplaquet, bore the title of captain general to indicate his rank as gener alissimo, a title undoubtedly originat ing in Spain, where it is still retained. It Is regarded there as the equivalent of the grade of field marshal In other countries. There are no field marshals at pres ent in Russia. The last two command ers to hold that rauk were the late Field Marshal Gourko, governor gen eral of Poland, and the late Grand Duke Michael Xicholaivltch, who when he died was the patriarch of the Imperial house of Romanoff. In Austria-Hungary there is but one field marshal-namely, Archduke Fred erick. He is a brother of the queen mother of Spain and heir to all the colossal fortune «»r bis uncle, the late Archduke Albert ho had won his marshal's baton i. he battlefield of Custozza. The full genemK in Austria bear the title of "feldzeu^uu iSter"' (master of the ordnance) when they belong to the artillery, while all lieutenant generals are known as "feldmarshal lieuten ant," a title which is being continually mistranslated h* that of field marshal. In Italy, s.aii»i i!.ai:t. Belgium ami Holland nnd in the armies of the Bal kan states the rank of field marshal is unknown, although the late Kin Charles of Roumauia had received batons from Czar Nicholas II. and from the kaiser. Portugal, too. has dispensed with field marshals. It Is in Germany, however, that fleW marshals flourish, but only since the present kaiser lias beeu on the throne Just prior to the death of old Emperor William In 1888 there were but two field marshals in the entire German army—namely, the then Crown Prince (afterward Frederick III.) and Count Moltke, both of whom had received their batons at the close of the Franco German war of 1S70. As soon as the present emperor came to the throne he began to confer the dignity with such liberality that there are now fully a score of them, including Duke Bern hard of Saxe-Meiningen, the Grand Duke of Baden, Prince Henry of Prus sla and Baron von Plessen. Besides these there are about a dozen more with the rank of "general oberst," or colonel general, whose rank Is assim llated to that of field marshal and who are above the full gen oral.—F. Cun liffe-Owen in New York Sun. 8topped the Buzzing. Alice (with newspaper)-It says here flhat yawning will remove that annoy ing buzzing in one's ears. Edith That's true! Last night when Mr. Stay iate had been talking steadily to me for three hours I yawned twice, and he wet home.—Boston Transcript. Figure It Out. Mrs. Snobbery—Yon know that my husband is a retired gentleman farmer? Mrs. Morningeall—Yes. I heard he had retired from something, and 1 knew l'.e was still farming.—New York Globe. The heart gets w eary, old.—Shenstone. but never gets FOOT RULES IN OUR ARMY. Advise Which May Be of Value to the General Public. No better advice to the public can bo given In reference to the care of their feet than is embodied in our Army Man ual of Military Hygiene, which, of course, is not in general circulation. The points particularly emphasized may be paraphrased as follows: Wear a shoe wide enough and straight enough on the inner margin to give the toes space for their proper po sition. The best treatment of bunions will be found in removing the pressure over the affected joint. This can only be done by supplying a properly fitted shoe. To relieve ingrowing nails they should be cut squarely across and not round ed. Scrape the nail thin on the top and Insert a pledget of cotton under the edge. For corns use properly fitted shoes. Remove corns or callouses only when they are a source of pain and Irrita tion. Have at least two pairs of well fitted shoes for constant use and smooth stO' kings as free from holes and darn ings as possible. After a long walk wash the feet, dust with foot powder and put on clean stockings and shoes, but do not soak tbe feet in cold water. Foot powder shaken into the socks or dusted over tbe feet will help prevent blisters. Woolen stockings will absorb perspi ration. Those who are on their feet very much should harden them by ap plying foot powder and bathing the feet frequently in cold water. The correction of flat foot may re quire a long period and can be aided by furnishing a broad and well shaped shoe, taking care that the foot Is strengthened by proper exercises and not overloaded. Do not "toe out," but walk with the Inner margins of the feet parallel so that the weight of the body will be thrown on the outer or stronger part of the foot.—Kathleen Hills in Leslie's. RUSSIA'S GREAT CLOWN. Durev Had a Biting Tongue, and He Dearly Loved Pigs. The famous Russian clown, Anatole Durov, held that, whatever your voca tion, the only thing that brings you suc cess is work. Accordingly he became the most industrious, successful and beloved clown in Russia and probably the richest clown in the world, too, for wheu he died he left a fortune of $1, OOu.OOO and a collection of trained ani mals that: brought visitors to his home from all over the world. Born of an ancient and noble family he was a pupil of the renowned cadet corps, but before his graduation lie ran away and joined a circus. But he had no ambition to be an or dinary clown. He kept in touch with politics, with everything hat took place in Russia, and applied to it his wit. Soon he became an unlicensed censor of Russian society in motley. Evil he rebuked by jest and gibe. No man was In too high a place for his tongue, and furious officials once brought about his exile. Russia loved him too well for that, however, and soon he was back in the ring. To show that he meant to be more discreet he appeared with a padlock attached to his mouth. He was a very famous animal trainer. The pig was his favorite pupil, and It is said that his pigs could do almost everything that human beings can do except talk A team «t trained pi~s drew him about tiie streets, and so did he love them that a pig's head with a "D" to the left was the device upon his seal. He used to enjoy telling how, when he was on tour in Germany, one of his pigs ran away and came finally to a farm not far from Berlin. The farmer, who was a kind man. gave the tired looking beast food and drink. To his consternation, tbe visitor solemnly mounted an upturned barrel, looked gratefully at his host and stood on its head as* a token of appreciation Youth's companion. A Giant Emperor. Maxlminus, the giant Roman em peror, could twist coins into cork screws, powder hard rocks between bis Augers and do other seemingly im possible things. When angered be often broke the jaw of a horse or the skull of an ox with his fist. His wife's bracelet served him for a ring, and every day he ate, besides other food, sixty pounds of meat and drank an amphora of wine. How the Days Go By. Frank looked up thoughtfully from his engine aud cars game of railroad ing, played on the prfmitive plan of a five-year-old boy. "Mamma, isn't it funny how the days go by, one after the other, just like a train of cars with Sunday for the en gine."—Ha per' s. Cruel. Wife—1 dreamed last night that I was in heaven. Husband—Did you see me there? Wife—I did: then I knew I was dreaming.—Town Topics. A Continuous Performance. "Our baby gives us considerable trou ble. Yells unless he has his own way." "Ours yells anyhow. You don't know what trouble is."—Washington Herald. Base Libel. Woman—How did you get to be a tramp? Tramper—By degrees, mum. I begun as a golf player.—New York Qlobe. Fortitude Is tbe guard and support •f the other virtues. Locke. DEWEY'S IRON NERVE. Mew, When a Young Officer, He 8ub« dued an Ugly Mutineer. In Admiral lewey's autobiography, written for Hearst's Magazine, is the following story, which shows that as a young lieutenant commander the hero of Manila bay already possessed tbe Iron nerve that characterized his later life: 'Commodore H. K. Thatcher, in com mand of the Colorado, welcomed me on board heartily, notwithstanding my youth He said the ship was in a bad state and gave me full authority in the government of the crew of 700 men. 'Gradually I was able to identify the worst characters. They were the ones I had to tame. The ringleader was a giant red beaded Englishman named Webster. Many of his mates were in bodily fear of this great brute. The prison being full, I had him put down in the hold in irons. "One day I heard a breaking of glass, and the orderly told me that Webster had broken free of his irous, had driven the sentry out of the hold and, in a blind rage, was breaking up stone bottles of soda and ale that were stored there. "I sent the master-at-arms to arrest him, and the master-at-arms came back to report that Webster had sworn he would kill the first man that tried to come down the ladder into the hold. "Such a situation was Pot to be en dured. I took my revolver and start ed for the hold. When I came to the ladder Webster yelled up the threa which had made the others hesitate in view of his known ferocity. Of course, any one going down the ladder would expose his whole body to an at tack before his head was below the deck level and he could see his adver sary. But any temporarizing with the fellow meant a bad effect on the whole ship's company "'Webster, thi -utive offi cer, Mr. Dewe i to him. '1 am coming Webster, you may be sure ot ,-:i rni«e a fin ger again- .s,: uu "I Step! .pii«-kly, to see W ii Aith a stone ale bottle .. ly to throw. But he iii i :uid submit te.! to am-*' .-i1. WEDDED SIXTY-FOUR YEARS, And e Cuss Word Has Never Passed Between This Couple. In a day of hasty when minds are turning i-. ways in which married coup es u .t i e hap pily. credit is due to Mr. and Mrs Charles Bodlne of Philadelphia, who have been married sixty-four years. Tbe fact that they have lived together that long is Interesting in itself, but The Is MIIH i Spare is the name. Spare is our aim All Suits and Pants made to your Individual order in a their chief claTin' to puimc u» their statement that they have never quarreled or even exchanged a cross word. Tbe wife ascribes her happiness to these causes: "Because I think there Is no one like 'father.' "Because I am always willing to humor his little ways. "Because 1 will do anything in the world to please him. "Beeuuse 1 have always given him plenty of good food. "Because 1 have always praised him when he deserved it" The husband's viewpoint of the mari tal partnership and the reasons which bo finds for the unmarred felicity of himself and his wife are contained In the following: "Because I think my wife is the finest woman in the world. "Because I never have a vacation un less she goes too. "Because I have always been ready to listen to what she has to say. "Because I have never wanted any body else but 'mother.' The fact is that this couple continued courtship after marriage and each con tributed to the union love, respect and willingness to make sacrifices, each for tbe other, in the little as well as the big things. Most marital unbapplnesa Is based on selfishness.—Exchange. Twelve Was a Mystic Number. Why should a jury number twelve? Blackstone attributes the fixing of the number to the Normans, who, like ail their Scandinavian ancestors, held twelve in veneration as a mystic num ber. Stephen, in his "Commentaries," supports this idea and gives Instances of the regard paid to twelve in early Teutonic laws and finds distinct evi dence that twelve men were required among the Anglo-Saxons to form an Inquisition.—Loudon Standard. Beauty In Business. Looks are a means of judging a girl's possibilities of early marriage, which Is a negative element of her value with some firms, as they do not wish to waste money on training girls who will leave them soon. 1 have known one superintendent to choose the plainest girls possible to work at a machine with a mail so as to discour age lovemaking.—W. F. Kemble, In In dustrial Management. Style In Emotion. "Now some scientific sharp says there are styles in emotions." "I believe it I know some women who always wear their dignity ruf fled."—Kansas City Journal. Union Shop The SquareTailors 106 HIGH STREET Cruel. "Doesn it annoy you to hear a wo man tnlking slang?" "Why mention siantr especially?"— tlolbrocV Bros. Reliable Dealers in Dry Goods, Carpets, Cloaks, Queensware Millinery. House Furnishings Voss-Holbrock Stamps with all Cash Purchases. Meet him at 4 ft $ *4 i 1 Cor. Front and Hisli Sts. Merchants' Dinner Lunch Served every Day Lunch Counter Connected 'Jv •A i, Co. 4