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SPEECH OF HENRY CLAY, /Jelivend at the JUechanic*' Collation in !hc .d/>f>ollo rvitn Carden, Citu innnli. fin the Jd .'log IH30. Eighth uiuM.—Ulill VALUED QUEST. li i*. In- in>'liv>H* oulopimn; that the nume of HENRY ELAY is inseparably associated with iho best intcr C. !s of the country as their :i3*crtcr and advyca'c. When th»> enthusiastic cheering which followed tllp reading of this toast had subsided. I\Ir. Clay rose and addressed the company as follows.*— %iur. ±*resilient and I'elloio Citizen*: In rising to tnako the acknowledgments which nre due from me, for the srntiment which ha# been just drank, and for the honors which have been spontane OUsly rendered to mo, on my approach and during my visit to this city, I loci more than ever, the incompe- J tency of ail language adequately to express the prutcful feelings of my heart. Of these distinguish- ! ed honors, crowned hands tlicim-clves might well be ^ prond. They indeed possess a value far surpassing • that of anysimil.tr testimonies which could be off-r- : ed to tbu chief of an absolute government—There j they are, uot uiifrcqaentJy, tendered by reluctant j subjects, awed by n sense of terror, or impelled by a ftpii it of servility.’ Here in this land of equal laws and equal liberty, they are presented to a private fellow citizen, possessing neither office nor power, nor en- j joying any rights or privileges, which are uot com ; inon to every mc'mb'jr et the comtnnnbv- Tower! could not buy nor deter tlieiu. And what confers an I estimable value upon them to me—what makes them 1 alone worthy of you or more acceptable to their ob j-'Ct. is that they are ottered, not to the man, but to , the public principles and public interests which you are pleased to associate with his r.atne. On this *oc- ; wasion too, they eroanato from one of those gioat pro- : ductive classes, which form the main pillars of pub-, hx: liberty and public prosperity. I thank you fellow-1 citizens, most cordially, for those endearing proofs of your friendly attachment. They have made an im pression ot gratitude on tny heart which can never be effaced, during the residue of my life. I avail my salt of this last opportunity oi bring pro ent at any large collection of my fellow citizens of Ohio, dn ringiny present visit, to express my respectful ac knowledgments for t he hospitality and kindness with which l have been every where received ami enter tained. Throughout my jonrnry, undertaken solely for private purpose#, there lias been a constant oflo?t on my side to repress, and on that of my fellow citi zens of Ohio, to exhibit public manifestations of their affection and confidence. It. ins been marked bv a succession of civic triumphs. 1 have been escorted fmm vii'ago to vtilige, and Inve every where found myself surrounded by large concourses of my fellow-! citizens often of both sexe-', greeting and welcoming ~"^<ne. Nor should I do justico to n>y feelings, if f cen fin>rf-tho expression of my obligations t(Tthose only With whom I had tile happiness to agree on a late public event. They aro equally due'to the candid and liberal of those from whom it was my misfor tunoto differ on that occasion, for their exercise to wards mo of all the rites of hospitality nnu neighbor ly courtesy. It is true, that, in one or two of: the towns through which I passed, T was inform ed attempts were made, by u tew political znnl-; nts. to dissuade portions of my/oliotv citizens from • visting and saluting me. These zealots scorned to i apprehend that an invading army was about to enter the town; that it was necessary to sound the bells. to beat the drums, to point tlie cannon, and to make i all needful preparations lhra resolute assault and a gallant defence They were accordingly seen in the public streets and at public places boating up for re cruits, and endeavoring to drill their men. But I believe t here were only a few who were awed by their threats or seduced by their bounty to eulist in such it cause. The great body of those'who thought differently from me, in the instance referred to, "re mained firm and immovable. They could not com prebend that it waa wrong to extend to a stranger thnn a neighboring State the civilities which belong fb social life. They could not comprehend thut it was right to transform political differences into dead fy anitpoaitics. Seeing that varieties in «ho mode of| worshipping the great Ruler of the Uifvcr3e did not | disturb the harmony of private intercourse, they ; could not comprehend the propriety of extending to j mortnl man a sacrifice, which is not offered to our ' Immortal Rather, of nil the friendly and social feel- : tugs of our nature, becauao \ya could nor all agree ! as to the particular exercise of the elective franchise. ! -A* independent and intelligent freemen, they would liot consent to submit to an arrogant usurpation Which assn mod the right to control their actions and to regulate the feelings cf their hearts and they teemed with indignation, to yield obedience to the TU«udatos of Would-be*dictators. To quiet the ap prehen ions of these cealot?, I as-are the® that I do Tint march at the head of any military force; that I have neither borso, foot, nor dragoon; and that I travel with ray friend Charles, (a black boy residing ih my family, for whom l feel the same sort of at" j lachracDt that I do for my own children.) without I sWord, pistol or muske'. Another species of atti njpt- ! cd embarrassment has been practi+vd by an imiivid- ! tin! of this city. About an hour before I left my i lodgings for this spot, he caused a packet to be left m my room uy u ui tie boy, wlio soon made his exit.— ! Upon opening it I looked at the signature, and that ! was enough tor me. It contained a 1. rg list cf inter- j mgatories which I was required pubhcly to aswer. I i read only one or two of them- Thera aro Home ' mon whoso contact is pollution, i can recognise no j right in the person in question to catocbiso" roe. f Can have no intcrcouri-o with one, who is a disgrace f to the gallant and generous nation from which he • sprattg. I cannot stoop to bo thus interrogated by r man whose nomination to a pabry office w;Ts rejoctcd nearly by the nnanimous vote of ihe Senate; I musi be excused if, when addressing my friends, the me chanics of Cincinnati, 1 will not*apeak from bis note.-. On the renewal of the charter of the present Bank of tbo United States, which I believe formed the sub ject of one or two of these interrogatories, I will f-av.i a few words for your, n«t his sake. I will observe t'n tho first plane, that T uin not in favor of sfich a Bank as wa« recommended in tho Message of the President i of the U ft. ni tho commencement of tho Inst session I of Congress; that with tho commit le»: of the two Uou kim, I concur in thinking it would bo an institution of a daDgerous and alarming character; nnd shut, fraught as it would be with the most corrupting ten dencies, it might be made powerfully instrumental in overturning our liberties As to tho existing bank. I think it hi s been generally ndminis'cred, and parii Cahrly of lata years, with great ability ami integrity; that it has fulfilled all the reasonable expectations of (.Iiojmj Who constituted It; and, with tho snipe com . ir.itt»>e?, I think it. lias made an approximation to ward* the equalization of the currency, as great ns i» practicable. Whether the charter ought to be re newed or not. near six years Imnce, in mv judgment,! is a question of rxpcdienry to be decided by the then existing state of tbo country. It will lie necessary eti that time to look cnrelnily at tbo condition bolh of: the bank nnd ot tho Union To ascertain, if the pub j he debt, will in the mean tame be paid off, wlint effect * that will produce; whit will be our then financial I condition, what that of local bank#, tho state of our commerce, foreign nnd dome-tie, ns well ns the coo i Corns of our currency generally. I am, therefore not now prepared to say whether tbo charter ou^hU or might not to be renewed on the expiration ofits present term. The bank may become insolvent, nnd may hereafter forfeit all pretensions to a renewal — The question is prouiature. I may unt be alive to form any Opinion upon it. li belongs to posterity ■ nnd if they would have tho goorinc5s°to decide fur u« some of the pe plexing nnd practical questions of tho present day, we might be disposed to decide that ro mote question for them. As it i.*, it ought to be in definitely postponed. With respect to the American System which demands your undivided approbation, and in regard to which you nr* pleased to estimate much too 1^;, ly my service, its great object is to secure the inde pendence of our country, to augment its wealth, end Cj cfiffiTc fhopomioiPt '■ civ.’jzati*n ikron^ho".'. 33. cicty. That object, it has been supposed, can he beet accomplished by introducing, encouraging and protecting the arts among us. It may bo called a j system of real reciprocity, under the operation of ; which one citizen or one par: of ti*.» country. can ex change on.-dcsciiption of the produce of labor with another citizen, or ano'her part of the country, for a j «linr».*r«*iit description of the produce of labor. It is a j system which developed, improves and perfects the j capabilities ot our common country, and enables us :to avnil ourselves of nil tiie resourcts v.*rh which j Providence lias blest us. To the laboring classes, it j is invaluable, since it increases and multiplies the de j mnnds for their irulnstr^Jtenl gives them an option of employments. Tt ad.'spowcr nnd strength to enr | Lnion oy new tics of interest, blending and c.innec , ting together an its parts, and creating an interest j With each in the prosperity of the whole. If secures tonurmm country. u4i.:so shill and enterprise, prop* jerly fostered nnd unstained, cannot bo surpassed, j those vast profits which are made in other countries, I by the operation of converting the raw material into | manufactured articles. It naturalizes and creates within tho bosom of our country all the arts, and Infixing tiie farmer, ininul.icturj-r, mechanic, artist, ! an«l those engaged in other vocations together, nd j n#its ot iliosft mutual cxchtmjfcs.so conducive to the . onn-perity ot a.I and every one. free from the perils I of t :c sea and war AH this it effects, while it nnur .tshra and leaves a fair scope to foreign trade. Sup. , WOi ' a nation that clad ourselves mid made i a * fhe implements necessary to civilization, but did : prodneo our own bread, which wo brought from foreign countries, although our own was capable of j producing it, under the influence of suitable laws of j protection, ought not such laws to be enacted! The j case supposed is not essentially different from the : real state of things which led to the adop’ion of the • American System. I That system has find a wonderful success. Tt has | more 'dim realized ail the hopes of its founders [t ) has completely falsified ail tins predictions of its i ppo nents. It has increased tho wealth, and power, and i population of t!ie Nation ft has diminished the price of articles of consumption, and has placed them • within the reach of a fur greater number of our peo j p|o than could have found means to command them.' .if they had been manufactured abroad instead of ai ! home. Cut. it is Useless to dwell on the argument in snnort of this beneficent system before tins audience. It w:!! be of more consequence here to nxinnn’ s uno of tin* objections which arc still urged against it. mid the means which are proposed to subvert it. These objections are now principally confined to its j operation upon the great staple of cotton wool, end ' they arc mged with most vehemence in a particular j Sato. If the objections aro well founded the system should be modified as far as it can consistently with! interests in other parts of the Union. If they arc! not well founded, it is to be hoped thev v:'l be fi ml- 1 iy abandoned. J j In approaching the subject, C have thought it. of! importance to inquire vvlmt Was flic profit made upon 1 capita! employed in the culture of Cotton at its pro : spin reduce prim*, foe result has boon information, j that it n*>tts from 17 to Id pCr cent, per annum, varying according to tiie advantage of situation, and | the degree of ski!!, judgment and industry applied to i the production of the article. B it the lowest rate of | pmfit, in the scale.is more than the oren:*-t am >cnt ; which is ramie on capital employed in the framing! poriiun3 of the Union * " i It fl.e cotton planter havo any just complaint a-1 gnniht the expediency of the American System, it! mu.^t he founded on the fact, that he cither sells ft at ] of Ins stop! , nr mils at /cercr prices, or purchases for CTnsumption, articles at dearer rat-s or of morse qu.il j ities, in consequence of ihat system, than ho would ! do, if it if id not exis*. If be would neither sell more i of Ins staple, nor sell it at better prices, nor could' purchase better or cneuper articles for consumption provided the system did not exist, then lie hasno caust* i on the score of its burlhcr.some opera'ion, to com-! plain of thesys'em. but must look to other sources' tdr the grievances which ho supposes afflict him. ; respects the sab* of his staple.!! would be indif* ■ ; ijrout to he planter whether oue portion ef ii was1 i sold in Europe and the other in America, provided ' j the aggregate of both were oqu il to ali that he could ! j fell in ono market, if he had hut on-, and provided he i could command the sam j prices in both cases. The ! double marker would indeed be better for lmnj because of its greater security in time of war as well! i us peace, nr.d because it would be attended with less1 ! perils and le*.H charges. If ibore be an equal amount | of the raw material raauutacturcd, it must bo iminu j terial to the cotton planter, iu the hhIc of the article, 1 whether there bo two theatres of the manufacture’ ; one ill Europe and the other in America, or but .one ; in Europe; or it there bo a difference, it will be in la j vor of the two places of manufacture, instead of one, ; for reasons already assigned, and others that will be' ! hereafter stated. „ It cotuu bo of no advantage to tho cotton planter, ifu!l the cotton, now raannfactarod both in Europe and America, Was manufactured exclusively in Eu rope, nnd nn amount of cotton fabrics should he brought back from Europe, equal to both what is now brought from there and what is manufactured in the United States together. Whilst he would irain no thing, the United States w<>o!d lose the profit and o n ploytuont resulting from the inunufactare of that por -iou which is now vvronght up by the manofneturers' of the (J State?. Unless, therefore, it can bo shewn that by the rc duc ion of import duties u id the overthrow of the American uy si cm, and by limiting the inanufacttire of cotton to Europe, a greater amount of raw mate rial would be consumed than is at. present, it is rhffi cul; to see what interest, so far as respects the Faio of that staple, the cotton planter has in the subver sion of that system. If a reduction of du ice would admit of larger investments in British or European fabrics of cotton, and their subsequent importation into this country, this additional supply would lake thn place, if consumed, of :in equal amount ofAmer icun manufacture.?, nmj consequently would not aug ment the general consumption c.f the raw material. Additional importation does not necessarily imply in creased co- FOmption, especially when it is effected by a policy which would impair the ability to purchase and consume. * i Uuon the supposition,jast made,of a restriction to Europe of thf manufacture of coMort, would mor- or less ot the article lie consum' d than now is? More could not bo. unless in consequence of each a monop oly ot tho tnanufic'ure, Europe conlj >-c!l more than she now docs. But to what countries could site si-tl more? She get? llm raw material now unburthened | by any duties except Ftich moderate ones ns her poli icy, not likely to bo changed, imposes. She i? cnn. ! bled th-rctiy to soil as much of the manufactured nr tide iis she can find markets f. r in the States, with in her own bra ts, or in ton ign countries The de struction of tho American tnanufucture. Would not induce tier to Fell cheaper, bttl might enable Iter to 3 -11 dear.-r. than she now di es. Tim ability of ibo$ foreign countries to purchase and consume, would not bo increased, by the nnmhila'ion of our maim fa c Mires and the monopoly of European manufucMire. The probability is that those foreign countries, l y • Jie fact of that monopoly, and some consequent, meren c of price would lie worse and dearer supplied than they now nre under the operation of n competi tion between A me j tea and Europe in f heir surply. At moat, the United B ates, after the transfer from t**eir territory to Europe of the entire tnanufucture of the article, could not consume of European fab rics from Cotton a greater amount luan they now d* rive from Europe and from manufactures within their own limits. But it is confidently believed that tho^omumpi ion of cotton fabrics on the supposition which lias born made, with the United Btnlos. would be much I<-fs than it is at present It, would bo less, because the American copsunior would not possess the means or ability to purchase as much of the European fabric, ns lie now docs to buy the American. Europe per chases hot little of the produce of the Northern, Mid d'l® gr,d ^r0et?rn Tcirioijstff the U Utitcs. T1--'?««*. • pie produdious of tboso rcgiono are excluded tiotu her consumption by her policy or by her native sup plies of similar productions.—The effect, therefore, ot obliging the inhabitants of those regions to depend upon the cotton manufacturers of Europe for neces sary snpphes of the article, would bo a like injurious to them nml to the cotton <j#ower. They would suf fer from tlietr inability to supply their wants, und liiore would be a contij qcent diminution of the con sumption of cotton. By the location of the manu facture in the United States, tho quantity of cotton consumed is increased, and their mure numerous per tioii of tlmir inhabitants, who would not bo otherwise sufficiently supplied, are abundantly served, 'f hat this is the true state oi tilings, l think cinnot bo (b.-ublc d by any ri fleeting and unprejudiced man. The establishment of manufactures within the Uni ted Elates, enables Hie muntilacturer to sell to the farmer, the mechanic, the physician, tho lawyer, and , all who are engaged in other pursuits of life, and ; these, in their turns, supply the manufacturer with ; subsistence, and whatever else Ins wants require. Under the influence of tho protecting policy, many ; now towns have been built and old ones enlarged. The population of these places draw their subsistence from the farming interest of our country, their fuel i from our forests and coal mines, and the raw mat*-ri als from which they fashion and fabricate, from tho | cotton planter and the mines of our country. These mutual exchanges, so animating und invigorating to ilie indiisiry of the people of the United States, could not possibly be affected between America and Eu rope, if the latter enjoyed the monopoly of manuiac tui ing. U results therefore, that, so far as the sole of the great southern staple is concerned, a greater quanti ty is sold and consumed, and consequently better pri ces ato obtain'd, under tho operationot the Ameri can System than would bo without 11. Does that system oblige the cotton planter to buy deurer or worse articles of consumption tliat ho could pur chase, if it did nut exist? The same cnuse of American and European com petition. which enables him to sell more of the prod uce of his industry and at better prices also enables him to buy cheaper ami better articles for consump tion. It cannot be doubted that the tendency of tho competition between the European and American manufacturer us to reduce tho price and improve the quality of thotr respective fabrics, whenever they come into collision. This is tin* immutable law of all competition If the American manufacture were discontinued, Europe would then exclusively furnish those supplies which arc now derived from thees tablishmcn's in both Continents; and the first con sequence would be an augmentation of tlv* demand beyond the supply equal to what is now manufactured in the Umted t^tate:-’, but which, in ihe contingency supposed, would be wrought in Europe. If the des truction of ttio American manufactures Were sudden, there would be a endden and probably a considerable' rise ;n ihe European fabrics- Although, in the end. they might be again reduced, 11 is not likely that the uitinvilo rrduc;:on of tho prices Would bo to such rates ne if both'.lie work (-hops of America and Eu rope lemanit cl sources of supply There would also be a sudden r duction in tho price of tnc raw mate rial in consequence ol Ihe cessation of ihe American demand. And this reduction would be permanent, if the supposi ion bo correfet, that there would be a dim inution in Die consumption of cotton fabrics arising out of tlio inability on the part <>f large porienso the people of the U- States to purchase those of Eu rope. That the eQ'cct of competition between the Euro pean and Am rican manufacture has been to supply tho American consumer with cheaper und better ar tides, since ihe adoption of iho American System, not wi* lint ’ riding the ex-stence of causes which have abstracted its lair operation, and retarded its full rl«.*v-liipement, is incontestiblc J3uth the trecinan and lh»’ slave ore now bettei and cheaper supplied t han they were prior to an existence of that system. Cotton fabrics have diminished in price, and been improved in ilieir texture to an extent that it is difficult for the imagination to ke- p pace with. Those partly of cotion and partly of wool arefalso better and cheaper supplied. The same observation is applicable to those which are exclusively wrought of wool, iron or glass. In short, i' is beleved that there is not one item of tho Tariff, inserted for the protection of native industry, which has not fallen m price. The American competition has tended to keep down the European rival fabric, and the Euro pean has tended to low* r the American. ©i wuot then can tho South Carolina planter just ly njplatn in the opr-a ion ot that system? What is tt.cro in it which jus’dies the harsh «ud si ong epithets which some of her po i icians i;avs applied toil? Wha is thero in her condition which war rants their a suer ion that she is oppressed bv a Gov ernment to which she stands in the mere relation cf a Colony? Sim is oppressed by a groat reduction m the price of manufactured articles of consumption. fchi' is oppressed by the advantage of two mar kets for the sale of her valuable stable, ami for the purchase of objects required by her wants. She :s oppressed by better prices lor that stable than she could command if the system to which they object did not axis'. Eijc is oppressed by t he option of purchasing choap or and better *irtimes, die produce ol the iiauds of Vmerican frogman, instead of dearer nnd worse ar ticles the produce of the hands of British subjects. Elm is oppressed by tho measuors of a Government in which she has had, for many yenrs. a largo pio portion ..f power and itifliienco. at home and abroad, than any state in the whole Union, in comparison with 'he population. n gmnc-ai tne composition of the Government of tfio Uni • i \v;!l d-mvmstrate the truth of' this la-t proposition. In the Senate of <he U States, Sou b Carolina having the presiding officer, exercises nearly one sixteenth instead of one i wonty-fonrth part (if both i’s legislative ami eascutive functions. In both branches of Congr ss s. me oflier citizens now occupy, as Chairmen of Committees, the mos important and influent ini stations. In the Supreme Court of the U. Stales, one of her citizens being a member, she has one seventh part, instead of about ono twentieth, her equal proportion of the whole power vented in that tribunal Until within a few months she had nearly one ihtrd of nil the missions oi the first grade, from this to foreign countries. In a r o'itingeocy, which is fur form impossible, a citizen ot South Carolina, w mid instantly become charged with the Administration of :ho whole of the vast power and patronage of the Executive of the IT. S-a’cs. YhI her situation lias been compared !o that of a ; Colony which has no voico in the laws enacted by t!i<» parent country for its subjection! And. to bo r.diev ! cd f,orn this cruel state of vassalage, nnd to put down a system which i :i3 born established by the united ; voice of «ll America, some of her politicians have I }T?“chod a ‘hictrin** r.s nr w ns it would he alartnimr, if it w»>ro sustained by number* in proportion to the •/(•a! and fervid <•dequeues with which it is inculcated. 1 call it a novel doctrine. I am not unaware that attempts Itavo b'-en made to support it on thcatphor ny ot certnii! ac's of my native and ariep'ed States. Ad hough many o! their citizens nre mucri more coni petont than I am to vindicate them from tins imrro ta'iou of purposes of disunion nnd rebellion, njy ven eration nnd atfection for them both, urge roe to bear my testimony of 'iiejr innocence of such a charge_ A'tlie epoch ot 1793-9, I bad just attained roy ma jority. and although I was too young to share in the public councils of my country, I was acqna nted w ill ninny ot the actors of that memorable period: I Itncw their views, cr.d formed and freely expressed my own opinions on passing events. The then Ad tiiifits'rniion of the General Government was beiicv ed to entertain views (whether the belief was tignt or wrong is not material to this argument end is now an affair ot history) hostile to the existence o! the liberties ofth.s country. The alien and sedition laws particularly, nnd other measures were thought to he the consequences ntid proofs of those views.— ;f the a minislratiou bad such a purpose,it was fear ed t rot the extreme ctt<?e. ’ustifving forcible resr.n aJ!c‘\ UHgtit arise, but uu oi:0 ueliovud that in pojht °r f- ct It hid armed. No one contended thnt n single state possessed the power to annul the doltbe rate acts ot the whole Ami the best evidence of these remarks is the fact that ihe most odious ..f those laws (the sedition act) was peaceably enforced in the capital of thut great state, winch took ho ”> opposition to the existing admihistra'ion. The doctrines of that day. and thev are as true ns this, were, that the Federal Government is n limited Government; that i; lta> no powers hut the granted powers. Virginia contended that in case “of a oa pa bio. deliberate and dangerous exercise of ot her powers not grained by imd compact, the States, who are parties thereto, have the right to interpose for arresting the progress of the evil,' and for maintain ing within their respective iimir.s the authorities rights and liberties appertaining to them.” Kentucky declared that the ‘several States that framed that instrument, >!ie Bedornl constitution, bemj sovt'rciirn tied independent, fcnvc tho unquestionable ri^ht To judge of its infractions, and a nullification by*'those sovereignties of all unuuthoriz'Hi acts, done under color ill that instrument, is the rightful remedy.” neither of those two Common wealths ascertained Uie right ot a single '-rate to inter|H»-e ami annul an aci of the whole, l ins is an interference drawn from the doettincs then laid rtown and it is not a principle expressly asset ted or fairly de ductule from the language of either Both refer to the States collectively (and not individually) when they assert their light in case ot federal usurpation, to interpose, “for attesting tho progress of the evil Neither State ever did, no Slate vet ev er has, by ns separate Icgi-l.tiion, undertaken to set aside'an act oi« on»ro>c. , * Sia,,ts collectively may interpose their authority n ,• m^ °* t-? l‘ral us‘,rl>a'»°n is manifest That may nf tS .Vf* "U. Una,n Jh°y ,ni,y aher. at pleasure, the character Of the Constitution, hy amendment, they may aunul.uny acts purporting to hdve^heni pasted in comlormity to it, or they may, by their elections, change the functitaries to whom flie auministration ot its fivers ,3 confirmed. But no one State, i).. itself, is competent to accomplish these o^ects The now* e. of .mingle state to annul an act of the whole has been reserved the discovery ol soato politicians in South Carolina. B 13 not my purpose, upon an occasion so unfit, to discuss { ,s Pretension. Upon another, and a more suitable theatre, >< , . oeen examined and refuted, with an ability and eloquence, winch have never been surpassed n:i the floors of Congress , '!» as “ ,s announced lo be one of the means which is lriten (ii. to he employed to break down-the American System, 1 trust .ui 1 shall he excused lor a few additional passing observa tons. u„ late festive occasion, in flic State w here it appears ,, ,!10sl f-,VOf> ,l '•* s3i-' by a gentlemen whom 1 once proud ly called my friend, and towards whom I have done nothing to change that relation, a gentleman who has been high in the councils and confidence of tlte Nation, that the tariff must he resit , a': hazards Another gentleman, who is a candidate for t to Ciiiof n.agist acy of that State, declares that tho time and the case fur resistance had arrived And a third, a Senetor of itte t iiiterl States, who enjoys unbounded confidence with the American I.xccutive, laid down principles and urged arguments tending directly and inevitably to violeate resistance, although he did not indicate that as In.- suiciflc remedy Tim rlru-tri... ,.r .. ; .... • . w" JUHUUiinS IS. th* It IS competent to that State to annul, within its limits, the authority °f an net deliberately passed hv the (longress of tiie Untied Mates 1 hey do not appear to have looked much he jonri the simple act uf nullification, into the consequences which would ensue, and have not distinctly announced whether one o. them might not necessarily be lo light up a civil war They seem, however, to suppose that the State might, after the act was performed, remain a member uf the Union Now, if one . late can, by an act of its separate power, absolve itself from t.w. o 1.gallons ol a law of Congress, anil continue a part ol tnc mon, it cnuld hardly he eX|>ected that any other State would render obedience to me same law Either other States would billow the nullifying example, or Congress would ferl itself con strained, by a sense of duty 10 all puns of the Union, to repeal a. ogelher the nullified law Thus, the doctrine of South t a roinia, a.tboi.gh it nominally assumes to act for one Ma‘e only in effect, would he legislating for the whole Union. Congress embodies the collective will of the whole union, and hut ol south ; aroiun among its other members The legisla* tion of congre.-s is, therelore, founded upon the basis of the re presentation of u!l In the legislature, or a convention of .S caronna, the will of the people of iltai state is alone collected. 1 hey alone are represented, and the people of no other state nave any voice in their proceedings To set up for that stale a claim, by a separate exercise of its power, to legislate, in effect, for the whole union, is to assert a pretension at war with the fundamental principles of all representative and tree govern meets It would pmcticahy subject the unrepresented people of an other parts of the union to the arbitrary and despotic power of one state, li would substantially convert them into colonies, hound by the parental authority of that state ! , N°r can this enormous pretension rttriveany -uppon from 1 tiie consideration, that the power to annul is different from the power to originate laws both powers aro, in their nature, le gislative: and the mischiefs which might accrue to the republic lrnm the annulment of its wholesome laws, may he just as "real as those which would flow from the origination of had la\Ts_ I here are three thing? t»> which, more than all others, mankm i in all ages, have shown themselves to be attached their religion ilieir laws, and their language. ffut it has been argued, in the most solemn manner,‘‘that tin acknowledgment of in.- exclusive right of the federal govern I ment to determine the limits of its own powers, amounts to a | icr.ognition of its absolute supremacy over the states and the people, and involves the sacrifice not only of our dearest right and interests, hut the very existence ol the southern states.” In cases where there ate two systoms of government, opera ting at the same time and place over the same people, the one general anr. the other local or particular, one system or the oilier must possess the right to deede upon ihe extent of the powers, in cases of collision, which are claimed by the general government. No third party, of sufficient impartiality, wei'dit, anti responsibility, other than such a tribunal a* a supreme conit ha> yet been devised, or perhaps can be created I 1 he doctrine of one side is, that the general government, though limited in its nature, must necessarily possess the power to ascertain what aiitliomy it has, and, hv consequence, the ex tent of that authority. And that, if its legislative or executive functionaries, by act, transcend that authority, the question may he brought before the supreme court, and, being affirma tively decided by tha> tribunal, their act must he obeyed until repea.cd or altered by competent power Against the tendency of tins doctrine to absorb all power, those who maintain it, think there arc reasonable, and, they hope, sufficient securities In the first place, all are represent ed in every legirlative or executive act, and. of course, each state can exert its pioper influence, to prevent the adoption of any that may be deemed prejudicial or unconstitutional.—Then, there arc sacred oaths, elections, public virtue and intelligence, the power if impeachment, a common subjection to both sys tems ol those functionaries who act under either, the right of the states to interpose and amend the constitution, or to dis solve the union; and, finally, the right, in extreme cases, when •id other remedies (ail, to rcstil insupportable oppression. [ To be mnUnttt'f/ 1 —1 ■ -—— -■ ■' - - Military Land Claims. B Renew my offer lo buy or locate land warrants, granted by «- ttte United States or by the State ot Virginia, to the officers and 30.iliers of lire Revolu'ionary Army, and also to aid the uninformed in obtaining ihcir warrants. Supernumerary offi cers and all who were detained in captivity, and the heirs of those who were slain in battle, are entitled to land bounties "’’ll purchase or undertake io secure, ln$t or coatro \ crted claims to land in Kentucky and Ohio, located under mili t.iry variants, gir.wed for Revolutionary services. Ueing fully prepamri to answer all interrogatories that may he put m relation to warrants located in Kentucky and Ohio, and a So in relation to all unsatisfied warrants, (many of which an* presumed to be lost or destroyed,) letters of inquiry, postage pa..., addressed to me here, or persona) enquiries will i>e promo !y a Pended to. CADWALLADER WALLACE '■ ■' nstoxo, cep 3 r|(>( Hampden Sydney College. ^8” * ‘Annual Ex mmation of tho Students of 'inflnpden Sydney College will commerce on r riday the 1 /u» im-t. and close on Tuesday the 21st J -iron’s c.ihI Guardian?, and nil wiin fed nn interest in the ndvanenment of literature and science arei respectfully invited toafte.id , -i'*e commencement will tako platoon Wednea (In v I lie 22d. when the candidates for Decrees will1 r :,*irlr <,rrr'”ns« and receive their Diplomas I lie Annual Alee ting of the Board of Trustees Wi.l bo i.n the 2Jd. n.. , ^ !*• CUSHING. President. Mie Anniversary ortho Literary and Philosophic ’.nl Society, wnl beheld on Thursday the 23d.on which occasion an Oral,on and a P*cm will bo de Iitered.—-On the same day the nnniv varies of the . mnn ard I hilanthropic Societies will lake place and OraNons will be delivered by their respective lV0,iPi“A petition will be presented to the next Assembly of Virginia, for leave to open * r,,af' Uom head of the Brook turnpike, to Toy Wsvil.o in Hanover, from thence to Golanaville, Caroline, thenee to Fredericks burg, the strotghtcsf and tnoft practicable route, nug 24-wKt IV"',C".; * *'erc wdl be a petition to the next j Oenera! Assembly for the erection of a mill on ‘ **,ver» at or near the place, called Robin son s.Ohl Mill—on tho plan «.f Col. John Houghton of i Georgia. CHARLES A COUSINS .«, , BENJAMIN MOODY, *ej| 10—w-ft JTJJIN A. KOBINSOS?. Ui- HE-HiTTlNCr dny of October next, at the ho,fee of°Mr Baniel Rufluers, near Charleston, Kanawha. Waniei JTes'rs- Robert Brooks &, Co. ,hc contractors ex- cut mg the work upon the above section havil°r ,,1-d to ,o,np|y ,vi,„ tll„ requisition, oMbdrSS? tract, will, upon tho completion of the Winchester"* Creek Bridge and embankment. be permitted to with Jr"‘I ,nyV p"b,lc employment; and the line is now n second time offered to persons disposed to contract tor road tanking, and the building of the bridae* I he conditions of the letting and manner of execul mg tlie work, will be made known to the bidders on tl.o Nt day ol October next, at the house of M“ D Ron tiers, near Charleston, in Kanawha county, whrro ItMu-ls lor 'he execution ot work are invited' It is exacted that persons propo-ing to become underta sers Hfcill make themselves acquainted with the loca tion ot the road and the several Bridge s,tcs previ previous to the day of ro-lottin*. The distance if Road now offered to bidders is near 30 miles, and ns no p-irt thereof has been delivered, the whole will wishe-Tf U??h?HraC,Rd»!-r* ,Q s"ctions lo B‘»t the ). he ,th( bidders subject ,o such deduction for the work done by R. Brooks & Co. as shall be here after estimated m obedience to the provisions of their contract. 1 P SCALES, Superintendent. Extension of K T R Sept. 14, 1830-G (L< Tlie Editors of th-- Richmond Enquirer Con ‘■•tituiional Whig. Wn-Chester Virginia? Charles^ b.ce Press, htuunton Spectator and Lvnchbur" Jefffersontan Republican, will insert the above onco a week til. the 25th inst. and forward the account to this office lor payment. jj r l>ilnISSf,an<l i'1vlllA® 8pHMd,|y Pubhshed, by Gl AN1MAI ’A0”1 Vi°f?ew Yorl{- THE REGND AiNIMAI., &.c. ortho Animal Kingd-.m, arranged in conformity with its organization? by the Ba?on Cuv|0r,«Lc. translated from the Paris edition of 1838 -30. wnh not-s. plates.and a Ca,r a . ^ Mammalia and Birds, by ll. M-'fflurtrie M."d"S? Also, an abridgment of that work, wnh notes. tlatS' &.c. m 1 vol. for the use of schools, by the same «?£ tlernan. e»UI1 The name of Cuvier is in itself sufficient evidence of the great value of the work alluded to, which ox bibits iho arrangement of the whole animal creation from Man down to the last of the radiated tribes that e umber m the ocean. In the abridgement, which is especially calculated for the use of schools and o nor seminaries of learning, all anatom.cal and cth r details, which would possibly prove offonsivo to the most .astuliousdelicacy, are carefully expun , g-nl. Both works will be produced as speedily as is cons,stem wnh the great care that is requi.ed to render them correct. 1 F reign and Classical Bookstore , „ F- HUTTNER. Arreut sep l-wot ■ 32 south 6th street, Philadelphia. OCr The Daily Advertiser, at Baltimore; Tire United ^tatas ie cgrapli, a, Wash.ngion; The Richmond Whig; and ,he oLb lv Advertiser, boston, will please insert the above advertise ment once a week for three we-ks, and forward the account to he publisher* at New York 0J,U:KcTrT,1C subf fiber intending to ■*“ , uf Virginia .his fall, (and anxious to make such arrangements as will enable him to do so with convenience.) respectfully requosisaH persons indebt ed to him, to muke payment before the 1st. October I hose indebted to the late concern of Wm. W. \, ctsig-r &. Co. will make payment without delay to Mr W rn. H Brander or the subscriber, as longer in fJnl^enC' cannot l>** grunted 'i'tio subscriber has on hand, a good assortment of groceries, which he is desposed to sell low for casli, or on his usuhl lerms of credit to punctual custom eTg.. , WM W. WBISIGBR. JUanchester, Auer 24-2aw 4r For Sale or Rent. ~ ^ a^ valuable stand lor a Store, in IuiSbL 4'""sa ro"n,y- known as Clayton’s oia lialiBV c. For term.-apply to Gapt. P. M «SBK2®> 'Mine], near the place, or to JAMES ROSS. 1 r_r.clcsburg, Aug. 4. ’330 —2aw4w ,• A P PRENTICES WANTED—the TiIF -cnticr will lake two buys from 14 to 16 veara ° r/’ ' at l“a Chair Making and Turning business. IN. 15 boys from the countrv preferred nqg 20~4,v P THO. HATCHER. ’ § whoTs not an intob l Nnt 11 ' .,r6"ua fake notice: That An Tuesday, the 9th hnkr^f ?riA nri 0,81',ee" ''“ndred and thirty, between the hoursof e,,AM and six l> M at the Tavern of John M. if S"’"'MOUKW!°-,jrt/’ Virginia, 1 shall take the depos.t.ons eIU * Wl'*,e and others, t, ho read as evidence in a I om !*• M'rr |!ei!(1"’S m ''ie county court of Louisa, wherein Ir!ncn d. xv na y«M,anfi *aron ( White, executor of Cath arine and At illiam White, are defendants. The taking, if not completed on that day, will be adjourned from day lo day till finished iours, ARTHUR CLAYTON ang 24-w4w pd lo Unlocated Physicians. A Man r.t merit in the profession, can procure au xA. advantageous situation in a small farm about a days ride from Richmond. In ulnioBt every respect it is agreeable For further information, apply to James M'Kilrioo, Richmond F^p 7_5fc Removal. I * i'RO 1 HERn, have removed lo the Store roc- niJy occupied hy the late W'm F Mu- .u, a few doors below Hie Dell Tavern. and im mediately opposite -ho Mansion Hons,—where they oner for rale a large assortment of LEATHER, of their otvn tannage; consisting of sale, upper, calf and sheep skins, harness skirting, bridle, bag-hides, &p- also, Tanners’ and Curriers’ Tools, shoe thread. oil, varnish and Soanish hides, a eg ill y/iw4t. vv J. c. CHAISE OFFER FOR S.1LE, y ^I,an*3^ Hides, various quali 2500 ?.dc*soal leather, of all grades and qualifies, from the very best to the most inferior; by whoTo sale or part of a side 2000 lbs coarse and fine shoe thread 00 doz wax calfskins Wax and russel upper leather Book morocco, lining and binding skins Horse and grnin upper lea> her Boot frees and hi-ls. hoot cord and wehhiixr Clack varnish and shoo maker's tools of afl kind? Hog skins, block and yellow buck skins Harness, bridle and skirling leather Bag, chaise and lining hides morocco skm3, white and common sheep shirrs Saddle trees, fish skins, horse collars Saddlery, stirrups, bits. &c Coach lace, gig handles and bands Tanners oil and currier's tools GOO pr Richmond made plantation shoes Richmond slaughter hides and country hides of all kinds bought and sold U] per leather and kipskms finished and in the rough, skirting Harness lenth&r, &c. taken In bartcr tor hides or seal leather, ang 27-tvGt rv *.Hf ^ oxsTmno^Ai, Wain is published twice a week, in HhvnYr*an * fl',ny#') at five dollars per annum, payable 1 or advertising—75 cents a square (or Ict?) for the first insertion, and 50 cents for each « ontinunnee—'I he number iff insertions mu-t lie noted on tbo MS. otherw ise they will Go continued and charged accordingly. A’l letters to the Editors mtt«t be post paid, rr they will receive no attention Notes of chartered specie paying Bank* of any of the States will be received in payment for subscription to the VVhfg, though Virgmia or V States Bank Note? would be preferred; end remittances can be made through the Pest OfEcc»t ilic risk oft bo Edits;;.